CN102459953B - 用于四轮驱动车辆的多模式混合动力电动分动器 - Google Patents

用于四轮驱动车辆的多模式混合动力电动分动器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102459953B
CN102459953B CN201080024452.3A CN201080024452A CN102459953B CN 102459953 B CN102459953 B CN 102459953B CN 201080024452 A CN201080024452 A CN 201080024452A CN 102459953 B CN102459953 B CN 102459953B
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output shaft
input shaft
motor
clutch
component
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CN201080024452.3A
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CN102459953A (zh
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约瑟夫·G·米勒
卡尔·F·斯蒂芬斯
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Magna Powertrain of America Inc
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Magna Powertrain of America Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/344—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
    • B60K17/346—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear
    • B60K17/3462—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear with means for changing distribution of torque between front and rear wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/344—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
    • B60K17/346—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear
    • B60K17/3467—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear combined with a change speed gearing, e.g. range gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/08—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles
    • B60K23/0808—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles for varying torque distribution between driven axles, e.g. by transfer clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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Abstract

一种混合动力分动器，可以包括：第一输出轴和第二输出轴，该第一输出轴和第二输出轴适于连接至相应的后驱动系和前驱动系；第一输入轴，该第一输入轴适于连接至变速器，并适于选择性地连接至第一输出轴；以第二输入轴，该第二输入轴能够以可旋转的方式支撑在第一输入轴上，并且能够选择性地连接至第一输出轴。该分动器还可以包括行星齿轮组、分动***以及电动马达。行星齿轮组可以包括第一构件、第二构件和第三构件，第一构件固定为与第一输入轴一起旋转，第二构件固定为与第二输入轴一起旋转。该分动***能够将第二输入轴联接至第二输出轴，并且电动马达能够选择性地驱动第三构件。

Description

用于四轮驱动车辆的多模式混合动力电动分动器
技术领域
本公开总体涉及用于机动车辆的混合动力驱动***，更具体地，涉及在四轮驱动混合动力车辆中使用的分动器。
背景技术
本节提供涉及本公开的背景信息，其并不一定构成现有技术。
汽车制造商正积极地致力于开发替代性的动力传动***，以试图减少由配备了内燃发动机的常规动力传动***排放到空气中的污染物的水平。针对电动车辆和燃料电池车辆已经取得了重大的进展。但不幸地，这些替代性动力传动***可能存在诸多缺陷，而且对于实际应用而言仍处于开发过程中。然而，近来已经有多种不同的混合动力电动车辆投放市场。一些混合动力车辆配备有可以独立地或组合地操作以驱动车辆的内燃发动机和电动马达。
通常存在两种类型的混合动力车辆，即串联式混合动力车辆和并联式混合动力车辆。在串联式混合动力车辆中，动力由从电池吸取电能的电动马达输送至车轮。发动机在串联式混合动力车辆中用来驱动发电机，由发电机直接向电动马达提供电力，或者在电荷状态落到预定值以下时对电池充电。在并联式混合动力车辆中，电动马达和发动机可以依据车辆的行驶状态独立地或组合地操作。一般地，这种并联式混合动力车辆的控制策略是在仅仅电动马达用来驱动车辆的情况下使用低载荷模式、在仅仅发动机用来驱动车辆的情况下使用高载荷模式、以及在发动机和电动马达都用来驱动车辆的情况下使用中间辅助模式。无论使用何种类型的混合动力驱动***，混合动力车辆均为常规车辆的高度改型，其可能由于部件、所需的控制***和特定的封装要求而成本高昂。
混合动力车辆也已经适合于四轮驱动车辆，其通常利用上文指出的并联式混合动力动力传动***驱动主要(primary)车轮，并利用第二电动马达驱动辅助(secondary)车轮。这种四轮驱动***可能是极昂贵且难以封装的。因此，存在开发在四轮驱动车辆内中使用的混合动力动力传动***的需要，其使用许多常规动力传动***部件以使特定封装减至最少并降低成本。
发明内容
本节提供本公开的概述，不是其全部范围或其所有特征的全面公开。
在一种形式中，提供了一种用于车辆的分动器，该车辆具有发动机、变速器以及前驱动系和后驱动系。该分动器可以包括：第一输出轴，该第一输出轴适于连接至后驱动系；第二输出轴，该第二输出轴适于连接至前驱动系；以及第一输入轴和第二输入轴。第一输入轴可以适于在第一端连接至变速器，并且适于在第二端选择性地连接至第一输出轴。第二输入轴可以以可旋转的方式支撑在第一输入轴上以便相对于第一输入轴旋转，并且可以适于选择性地连接至第一输出轴。该分动器还可以包括行星齿轮组、分动***和电动马达。行星齿轮组可以包括第一构件、第二构件和第三构件，第一构件固定为与第一输入轴一起旋转，第二构件固定为与第二输入轴一起旋转。分动***可以将第二输入轴以可旋转的方式联接至第二输出轴，并且电动马达可以选择性地驱动第三构件。
在另一种形式中，提供了一种混合动力车辆。该混合动力车辆可以包括动力传动***、第一驱动系和第二驱动系以及分动器。动力传动***包括作为原动力源的内燃发动机和电动马达。第一驱动系可以向第一车轮传送动力，并且可以包括第一分离装置，该第一分离装置设置为使原动力源与第一车轮传动地连接和分离。第二驱动系可以向第二车轮传递动力，并且可以包括第二分离装置，该第二分离装置设置为使原动力源与第二车轮传动地连接和分离。分动器可以包括第一输出轴和第二输出轴以及第一输入轴和第二输入轴。第一输出轴可以适于连接至第一驱动系，并且第二输出轴可以适于连接至第二驱动系。第一输入轴可以适于在第一端连接至内燃发动机，并且适于在第二端选择性地连接至第一输出轴。第二输入轴可以适于选择性地连接至第一输入轴。分动器还可以包括行星齿轮组和分动***。行星齿轮组可以包括第一构件、第二构件和第三构件，第一构件固定为与第一输入轴一起旋转，第二构件固定为与第二输入轴一起旋转。分动***可以将第二输入轴以可旋转的方式联接至第二输出轴，并且电动马达可以选择性地驱动第三构件。
其它适用的领域通过本文提供的描述将变得显而易见。本概要中的描述及具体示例仅用于示例性目的，而无意于限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
本文描述的附图仅出于示例的目的而无意于限制本公开的范围。
图1是根据本公开的教导的用于四轮驱动车辆的混合动力驱动***的示意图；
图2是根据本公开的教导的示出为处于第一操作模式且与图1所示混合动力驱动***相关联的分动器的示意图；
图3是根据本公开的教导的示出为处于第二操作模式且与图1所示混合动力驱动***相关联的分动器的示意图；
图4是根据本公开的教导的示出为处于第三操作模式且与图1所示混合动力驱动***相关联的分动器的示意图；
图5是根据本公开的教导的示出为处于第四操作模式且与图1所示混合动力驱动***相关联的分动器的示意图；以及
图6是示出了与根据本公开的教导的混合动力驱动***相关联的控制***的图示。
在所有附图中，相应的参考数字指代相应的部分。
具体实施方式
下文的描述本质上仅为示例性而无意于限制本公开、应用或使用。
参照图中的图1，图1中示出了用于混合动力机动车辆的混合动力四轮驱动动力传动***5，其可以包括第一动力源10、变速器14、后驱动系16、前驱动系18和第二动力源20。第一动力源可以包括内燃发动机12，而第二动力源可以包括电动马达/发电机22。变速器14可以是任何已知类型的变速器，包括但不限于：自动变速器、手动变速器、手自一体变速器或无级变速器。车辆还可以包括动力传动控制***24，其一般地示出为包括电池26、一组车辆传感器28和控制器30。后驱动系16可以包括连接至后桥组件34的第一对车轮32，该后桥组件34具有差速器单元36和一对后桥或后轮分离装置38。差速器单元36可以连接至后传动轴40的一端，而传动轴40的相反端可以连接至分动器44的第一或后输出轴42。类似地，前驱动系18可以包括连接至前桥组件48的第二对车轮46，该前桥组件48具有差速器单元50和一对前桥或前轮分离装置52。差速器单元50可以连接至前传动轴54的一端，而前传动轴54的相反端能够连接至分动器44的第二或前输出轴56。
现在主要参照图2至图5，示意性地示出了分动器44，并且分动器44可以包括外壳组件58、第一输入轴60、第二输入轴62和行星齿轮组64，外壳组件58是通常适于通过螺栓安装至变速器14的机壳的类型。行星齿轮组64可以包括齿圈66，齿圈66与多个行星齿轮68常啮合，行星齿轮68可以与太阳轮70常啮合。齿圈66可以在与变速器14相邻的一端固定为与第一输入轴60一起旋转。行星齿轮68可以以可旋转的方式由销72支撑，其中销72可以固定至齿轮架74。齿轮架74可以固定为与第二输入轴62一起旋转。尽管无意于限制，但能够想到，可以通过行星齿轮组64设定大约3到1的减速比。
第一输入轴60可以以可旋转的方式由轴承组件支撑在外壳58内，并且适于在一端与变速器14的输出轴直连。第一输入轴60还可以在第二端包括毂76，该毂76固定为与第一输入轴60一起旋转，以便与后输出轴42的选择性接合，这将在本文详述。毂76上形成有多个齿77。第二输入轴62可以同心地支撑在第一输入轴60上，以便相对于第一输入轴60旋转，并且第二输入轴62可以包括带齿(toothed)的毂78，以便与后输出轴42的选择性接合，这同样将在本文详述。
分动***80可以设置在分动器44内，用于将扭矩从第二输入轴62传递至前输出轴56。分动***80可以包括固定为与第二输入轴62一起旋转的第一链轮82和与前输出轴56一起旋转的第二链轮84。诸如传动链86的柔性构件可以联接第一链轮82和第二链轮84，从而将驱动扭矩从第一链轮82传递至第二链轮84，由此将驱动扭矩从第二输入轴62传递至第二输出轴56。
分动器44还可以包括第一模式离合器组件90和第二模式离合器组件92，第一模式离合器组件90和第二模式离合器组件92均由控制器30控制。示出为示例性爪形离合器(dog clutch)的第一模式离合器90可以包括模式套管94，该模式套管94用于使第一输入轴60和第二输入轴62中的一个与后输出轴42选择性地联接。模式套管94固定为通过带花键的毂(splined hub)96与后输出轴42一起旋转并且能够相对于后输出轴42沿轴向运动。为了选择性地联接第一输入轴60，模式套管94可以被控制成使毂76与后输出轴42的毂96联接。类似地，为了选择性地联接第二输入轴62，模式套管94可以平移以联接毂78和毂96。同样示出为示例性爪形离合器的第二模式离合器92可以包括模式套管98，模式套管98能够操作为将前输出轴56选择性地联接至基底件(ground)100，从而限制前输出轴56旋转。
分动器44内还可以设置马达/发电机离合器组件102和第一套管104、第二套管106，从而使马达/发电机22与太阳轮70选择性地联接。第一套管104和第二套管106可以同心地支撑在第二输入轴62上，以便相对于第二输入轴62旋转。第一套管104可以在一端连接至太阳轮70，并且设置为在相反端被马达/发电机离合器102选择性地接合。第二套管106可以在一端连接至马达/发电机22的转子108，并且设置为在相反端被马达/发电机离合器102选择性地接合。示出为示例性爪形离合器的马达/发电机离合器102能够被控制器30控制成通过模式套管110将转子108选择性地固定为与太阳轮70一起旋转。应当理解，尽管第一模式离合器90、第二模式离合器92和电动马达/发电机离合器102示出为示例性爪形离合器装置，但代替爪形离合器也可以使用诸如摩擦片离合器或同步器(synchronizer)的其他合适的离合器装置。
本公开的混合动力四轮驱动动力传动***5可以包括两个主动力源，即内燃发动机12和电动马达/发电机22。来自发动机12的动力可以传递至变速器14，而传递至变速器14的动力又可通过第一输入轴60输送至分动器44。如果第一模式离合器90被控制成选择性地联接相应的轴，则第一输入轴60可以驱动后输出轴42。在并联动力传递路径中，被驱动的齿圈66可以通过行星齿轮68驱动齿轮架74，齿轮架74又可以驱动第二输入轴62。随后，第二输入轴62可以通过分动***80驱动前输出轴56，和/或可以通过第一模式离合器90选择性地联接成驱动后输出轴42。被驱动的行星齿轮68也可以驱动太阳轮70，太阳轮70又可以通过马达/发电机离合器102选择性地向马达/发电机22传递扭矩以用于发电。反之，可以向马达/发电机22通电以通过转子108和马达/发电机离合器102传递扭矩，从而驱动太阳轮70来驱动第二输入轴62。
马达/发电机22可以连接至电池26，并且可以借助于控制器30选择性地置于驱动状态、充电状态和空载或关断(off)状态中的一种。在驱动状态下，马达/发电机22可以起到由电池26所供给的能量驱动的电动马达的作用。在充电状态下，马达/发电机22可以起到带有再生制动(由马达/发电机22以电的方式产生的制动扭矩)的发电机的作用，以便提供能量并将能量储存在电池26内。在空载或关断状态下，可以允许马达/发电机自由旋转或者通过马达/发动机离合器102与混合动力四轮驱动动力传动***5选择性地分离。
如上文指出的，控制***24可以设置为用于控制图1中示出的混合动力四轮驱动动力传动***5的操作。参照图6，控制器30示出为接收来自各种传感器和输入装置的信号，这些传感器和输入装置前面在图1中共同标示为车辆传感器28。控制器30原则上可以由具有中央处理单元的微处理器、随机存取存储器、只读存储器和输入输出驱动器接口组成。控制器30可以执行数据处理操作以便根据控制程序和/或存储在只读存储器内的映图运行各种控制线路。
控制器30可以接收来自点火开关120、加速器位置传感器122、制动状态传感器124、电池温度传感器126、电池充电状态传感器128和节气门位置传感器130的数据。此外，其他输入可以包括发动机转速传感器132、马达转速传感器134、后输出轴转速传感器136和前输出轴转速传感器138。当车辆钥匙开启时，可以关闭点火开关120。加速器位置传感器122可以感测加速器踏板的下压角。当制动踏板被下压时，制动状态传感器124可以开启。电池温度传感器126可以感测电池26的温度。电池充电状态传感器128可以感测电池26的充电水平。节气门位置传感器130可以感测发动机节气门的开度。发动机转速传感器132可以感测指示发动机12的驱动轴的旋转速度的参数。马达转速传感器134可以感测指示马达/发电机22的转子108的旋转速度的参数。后转速传感器136可以感测后输出轴42或后传动轴40的旋转速度，并且还可以用作车速的指示。前转速传感器138可以感测前输出轴56或前传动轴54的旋转速度。
基于输入到控制器30的操作信息，可以选择混合动力分动器44的操作模式，并且控制器30可以向各种动力操作受控装置发送电子控制信号。具体地，控制器30可以监测并连续地控制马达/发电机22的致动、前轮分离装置52和后轮分离装置38的接合、第一模式离合器90和第二模式离合器92的操作、电动马达/发电机离合器102的操作和各种由操作人员选择的车辆操作选项，例如挂车拖曳112和牵引力控制114选项。此外，控制器30可以监测并控制用于控制发动机12产生的速度和扭矩的各种发动机管理***。这些***可以包括燃料输送***140、点火正时***142和气门正时***144。低压辅助电池146可以用作控制器30的电源。
本公开的混合动力四轮驱动动力传动***5可以包括四个主要操作模式，即前轮驱动模式(FWD模式)、后轮驱动模式(RWD模式)、全轮驱动模式或动力增强模式(AWD)，以及分时四轮驱动模式(4WD模式)。具体参照图2，现在将更详细地讨论FWD操作模式。在FWD模式中，可以完全由电动马达/发电机22供给原动力，从而驱动前输出轴56来驱动前桥48和前轮46。更具体地，发动机12可以关闭，并且变速器14可以处于锁止状态，由此固定第一输入轴60和齿圈66不能旋转。马达/发电机离合器102可以处于接合状态，以传递来自马达/发电机22的转子108的旋转驱动动力来驱动太阳轮70。随后，被驱动的太阳轮70可以通过靠在固定的齿圈66上的行星齿轮68来驱动齿轮架74。被驱动的齿轮架74可以驱动第二输入轴62，第二输入轴62又可以驱动分动***80和前输出轴56。在此构型中，第二模式离合器92可以与基底件100脱开接合，以允许前输出轴56旋转，并且第一模式离合器90可以与第一输入轴60和第二输入轴62脱开接合。前桥分离装置52可以处于连接状态以便向前轮46传递原动力，并且后桥分离装置38可以处于连接状态或分离状态中的任意一个。尽管在该模式中是可选的，打开或分开后桥分离装置38可以在不需要后桥34旋转的情况下允许后轮32旋转，由此减少摩擦，并用于改进燃油经济性。
可以想到，FWD模式可以用于发动车辆，以及用于低速行驶和通常涉及起动和停止行驶的城市行驶循环。当不驱动车辆时，例如在马达制动或滑行(coasting)期间，马达/发电机22还可以在FWD模式中用于再生。此外，通过将马达/发电机22用于城市行驶循环，可以充分减少(如果不是完全消除)一般在通常与城市行驶相关联的加速操作期间由内燃发动机产生的排放。
现在转向图3，现在将更详细地讨论AWD模式。在AWD模式中，可以通过发动机12和马达/发电机22两者供给原动力以驱动后轮32和前轮46。在此构型中，发动机12可以通过变速箱14驱动第一输入轴60。模式离合器90可以操作成选择性地使模式套管94与毂76和毂96接合，从而向后输出轴42传递驱动动力。马达/发电机22可以以类似于上文讨论的FWD模式的方式驱动太阳轮70，不同之处在于马达/发电机22可以被控制器30控制成相对于被驱动的齿圈66驱动太阳轮70，从而驱动第二输入轴62和前轮46。从马达/发电机22输出的扭矩可以作为发动机12输入扭矩的函数而控制，以控制在前桥48与后桥34之间的扭矩划分。对于大约50％至前桥48且50％至后桥34的示例性扭矩划分，电动马达/发电机扭矩可以大约为发动机12输入扭矩的20％。此扭矩比通过由以所描述的方式运行的行星齿轮组64提供的传动比获得。也可以替代性地提供其他扭矩比。此外，前轮分离装置52和后轮分离装置38可以处于锁止或接合构型，从而将来自前桥48和后桥34的原动力传递至前轮46和后轮32。
可以例如通过使用模式选择器开关116来选择AWD模式，或者在可能需要额外的牵引力和/或动力增强时通过选择挂车拖曳112或牵引力控制114操作选项而由车辆操作人员手动地选择AWD操作模式。反之，也可以基于预定标准或诸如检测到的车轮滑移、检测到的爬坡和/或如将在下文详述的在混合动力分动器44的FWD操作模式与RWD操作模式之间的转变的事件而通过控制器30自动地选择AWD操作模式。如果AWD模式由控制器30选择而非由车辆操作人员手动选择，则可以将马达/发电机22控制为在随选(on-demand)构型下操作，在此构型下发动机12提供主要输入扭矩以驱动前轮46和后轮32，并且电动马达/发电机22通过控制器30经由电动马达/发电机离合器102选择性地接合以进行额外的扭矩输入。在AWD随选构型中，控制器30还可以选择性地接合/脱开马达/发电机22以向电池26充电，这可能是在电动马达/发电机22不处于驱动状态时所需要的。
现在转向图4，将更详细地讨论RWD模式。在RWD模式中，可以完全由发动机12供给原动力来驱动后轮32。此外，也可以将RWD模式用作发电模式来对电池26充电。在此构型中，可以以上文关于AWD模式讨论的方式向后轮32供给原动力。此外，第二模式离合器92可以控制成通过模式套管98将前输出轴56选择性地接合至基底件100，从而为行星齿轮架74提供反作用，这将在下文详述。前桥分离装置52可以处于打开或脱开模式以允许前轮46旋转，同时防止了前输出轴56旋转。通过模式离合器92锁止前输出轴56选择性地限制了第二输入轴62旋转，并因此限制了齿轮架74旋转。在齿轮架74固定的情况下，当齿圈66被发动机12驱动时，太阳轮70能够被相应地驱动，而太阳轮70又可以通过接合的马达/发电机模式离合器102来驱动马达/发电机22。随后，被驱动的马达/发电机22可以对电池26充电，同时受到控制器30的监测。当控制器30通过电池充电状态传感器128确定电池26完全充满电时，马达/发电机离合器102可以控制为使马达/发电机22与太阳轮70选择性地脱开，由此将马达/发电机22置于空载或关断状态。
RWD操作模式可以用作用于以高速公路的速度提供原动力的主操作模式。通过具有FWD模式并且如上文所讨论的使用马达/发电机22在FWD模式下发动车辆，可以通过例如使用低排量发动机来优化发动机12的经济性。此外，电动马达/发电机可以在RWD操作模式期间选择性地用来对电池26充电。最后，如果在RWD操作期间需要任何动力增强，可以由用户手动选择动力增强，或者由控制器30(通过之前讨论的传感器或开关中的一个)自动要求动力增强，从而通过马达/发电机22将混合动力分动器44转变到具有动力增强的AWD模式。
参照图5，将更详细地讨论4WD模式。在此模式中，可以通过发动机12和马达/发电机22两者，或者，通过发动机12或通过马达/发电机22向前轮46和后轮32供给原动力。在4WD模式中，在动力源的任意配置下，第一模式离合器90都可以控制成使第二输入轴62与后输出轴42接合，而且第二模式离合器92可以与基底件100脱开。此外，前桥分离装置52和后桥分离装置38可以在4WD模式中处于锁止或接合状态。在可以通过发动机12和马达/发电机22两者供给输入扭矩的4WD构型中，发动机12可以通过齿圈66驱动齿轮架74，而马达/发电机22可以通过太阳轮70驱动齿轮架74，其中马达/发电机离合器102控制为经由模式套管110将马达/发电机22接合至太阳轮70。随后，齿轮架74可以驱动第二输入轴62，第二输入轴62又可以通过分动***80驱动前输出轴56，并且通过模式离合器90驱动后输出轴42。
在可以仅由发动机12供给扭矩的4WD模式构型中，马达/发电机离合器102可以控制为通过将模式套管110移动至位置110’由此将套管104联接至基底件118而选择性地固定太阳轮70。随后，发动机12可以通过齿圈66驱动齿轮架74，而齿轮架74又可以如上文详述地驱动第二输入轴62以及前输出轴56和后输出轴42。在可以仅由马达/发电机22供给扭矩输入的4WD模式构型中，变速器14可以处于锁止状态，从而使齿圈66固定不旋转。马达/发电机离合器102还可以控制为使马达/发电机22接合至太阳轮70，随后马达/发电机22可以通过靠在固定的齿圈66上的太阳轮70驱动齿轮架74。随后，齿轮架74可以驱动第二输入轴62以便如上文详述地驱动前输出轴56和后输出轴42。在此构型中，马达/发电机22可以在驱动太阳轮70时处于驱动状态，而在车辆滑行或制动时处于再生状态。
本公开的混合动力车辆可以在正常或典型行驶条件下有利地使用混合动力分动器44的操作模式，从而使用FWD模式发动车辆，转变经历AWD模式，并且用RWD模式以较高的稳定状态速度操作。更具体地，混合动力四轮驱动动力传动***5可以构造为如上文讨论的仅使用马达/发电机22提供原动力而以FWD模式发动。随后，车辆可以继续处于FWD模式，达到约30英里/小时，此时混合动力分动器44可以随后转变至AWD模式。在可能在约30至40英里/小时之间发生的此转变期间，可以通过控制器30起动发动机12并达到适当的旋转速度，随后第一模式离合器90可以控制为经由模式套管94接合第一输入轴毂76。如果后轮分离装置38在以FWD模式操作期间可选地分离，则后轮分离装置38可以在如上文讨论地使后输出轴42与第一输入轴60接合之前通过控制器30再连接或锁止。
如果车辆继续加速到40英里/小时以上，则对于约40英里/小时以上的速度，混合动力分动器44可以转变至RWD模式。为了转变至RWD模式，在由发动机12向后轮32供给原动力的同时，电动马达/发电机22可以通过控制器30减慢至停止。随后，可以在使第二模式离合器92通过模式套管98接合前输出轴56从而将前输出轴56锁止至基底件100之前，从控制器30发出指令以松开(release)前桥分离装置52而变为RWD模式构型。在RWD模式期间，如上文讨论的，电动马达/发电机可以通过控制器30选择性地接合和分离以便对电池26再充电。
应当理解，也可以在FWD或RWD模式中在任何速度下选择AWD模式，这可能是对于额外的牵引力控制和/或动力增强所期望的。例如，如果由车辆操作人员手动选择或者响应于诸如检测到的车轮滑移的预定阈值条件由控制器30自动选择AWD模式，则控制器30控制马达/发电机22，以便经由马达/发电机模式离合器102与第二输入轴62同步。控制器30也可以指令第二模式离合器92使前输出轴56与基底件100分开，并指令前桥分离装置52将前轮46再连接或锁止于车桥48。应当理解，如果由车辆操作人员手动选择AWD模式或4WD模式，则可以以代替FWD模式的手动选择模式(即AWD或4WD)发动车辆。
上文描述本质上仅为示例性的而无意于限制本公开、本公开的应用或使用。尽管已经在说明书中描述并在附图中图示了具体示例，但本领域普通技术人员可以理解，在不背离权利要求限定的本公开范围的情况下，可以进行各种改变以及对其元件进行等效替换。此外，即使没有具体示出或描述，但是这里能够明确地想到各种示例之间的特征、元件和/或功能的混合及匹配，因而本领域普通技术人员根据本公开可以理解，除非另有说明，否则一个示例的特征、元件和/或功能可以适当地结合到另一示例中。此外，还可以进行许多修改以使具体情形或材料适应于本公开的教导而不脱离其基本范围。因此，无意于将本公开局限于作为目前想到的用于实施本公开的教导的最佳模式而由附图图示并在说明书中描述的具体示例，而是意于使本公开的范围包括落入前面的描述及所附权利要求内的任何实施方式。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于车辆的分动器，所述车辆具有发动机、变速器(14)以及前驱动系(18)和后驱动系(16)，所述分动器包括：
适于连接至所述后驱动系(16)的第一输出轴(42)；
适于连接至所述前驱动系(18)的第二输出轴(56)；
第一输入轴(60)，所述第一输入轴(60)适于在第一端连接至所述变速器(14)，并且适于在第二端选择性地连接至所述第一输出轴(42)；
第二输入轴(62)，所述第二输入轴(62)以可旋转的方式支撑在所述第一输入轴(60)上以便相对于所述第一输入轴旋转，所述第二输入轴(62)适于选择性地连接至所述第一输出轴(42)；
行星齿轮组(64)，所述行星齿轮组(64)具有第一构件(66)、第二构件(74)和第三构件(70)，所述第一构件(66)固定为与所述第一输入轴一起旋转，所述第二构件(74)固定为与所述第二输入轴一起旋转；
分动***(80)，所述分动***(80)将所述第二输入轴(62)以可旋转的方式联接至所述第二输出轴(56)；以及
电动马达(22)，所述电动马达(22)用于选择性地驱动所述第三构件(70)。
2.如权利要求1所述的分动器，还包括：
第一模式离合器(90)，所述第一模式离合器(90)用于将所述第一输入轴(60)和所述第二输入轴(62)中的每一个独立地联接于所述第一输出轴(42)；
第二模式离合器(92)，所述第二模式离合器(92)用于将所述第二输出轴(56)选择性地联接至基底件(100)；以及
第三模式离合器(102)，所述第三模式离合器(102)用于将所述电动马达(22)选择性地联接至所述第三构件(70)。
3.如权利要求2所述的分动器，其中，所述第一模式离合器能够操作成在释放状态下使所述第一输入轴(60)和第二输入轴(62)解除与所述第一输出轴(42)的从动接合，并且能够进一步操作成在第一施加状态下使所述第一输入轴(60)与所述第一输出轴(42)联接，以及在第二施加状态下使所述第二输入轴(62)与所述第一输出轴(42)联接，其中，所述第二模式离合器能够操作成在施加状态下将所述第二输出轴(56)联接至基底件(100)，并且能够进一步操作成在释放状态下使所述第二输出轴(56)与基底件(100)松开，并且其中，所述第三模式离合器能够操作成在释放状态下使所述电动马达(22)解除与所述第三构件(70)的接合，并且能够进一步操作成在施加状态下联接所述电动马达以便与所述第三构件(70)和所述第二输入轴(62)从动接合。
4.如权利要求3所述的分动器，还包括控制***(24)，所述控制***能够操作成控制所述电动马达(22)以及所述第一模式离合器、第二模式离合器和第三模式离合器的致动，所述控制***包括控制器(30)和传感器(28)，所述传感器(28)用于检测所述车辆的操作特性，并且向所述控制器(30)发送传感器和开关输入。
5.如权利要求4所述的分动器，其中，所述控制***允许选择前轮驱动操作模式、后轮驱动操作模式、全轮驱动操作模式以及分时四轮驱动操作模式。
6.如权利要求3所述的分动器，其中，当所述第一模式离合器和第二模式离合器在其释放状态下操作、所述第三模式离合器在其施加状态下操作并且所述发动机停机，使得所述电动马达驱动所述第三构件向所述第二输出轴传递原动力时，建立起前轮驱动模式。
7.如权利要求3所述的分动器，其中，当所述第一模式离合器在其将所述第一输入轴联接至所述第一输出轴的第一施加状态下操作、所述第二模式离合器在其释放状态下操作并且所述第三模式离合器在其施加状态下操作，使得由所述发动机和所述电动马达向所述第一输出轴和所述第二输出轴传递原动力时，建立起全轮驱动模式。
8.如权利要求7所述的分动器，其中，所述第三模式离合器被控制为在其施加状态下选择性地操作成使得由所述发动机并且选择性地由所述电动马达向所述第一输出轴和所述第二输出轴传递原动力，从而限定随需全轮驱动模式。
9.如权利要求3所述的分动器，其中，当所述第一模式离合器在其第一施加状态下操作且所述第二模式离合器在其施加状态下操作使得由所述发动机向所述第一输出轴传递原动力，并且其中所述第三模式离合器被控制为在其施加状态下选择性地操作成使得所述电动马达能够选择性地在发电模式下操作时，建立起后轮驱动模式。
10.如权利要求3所述的分动器，其中，当第一模式离合器在其将所述第二输入轴联接至所述第一输出轴并由此将所述第一输出轴锁止于所述第二输出轴的第二施加状态下操作、且所述第二模式离合器在其释放状态下操作成原动力被传递给所述第一输出轴和所述第二输出轴、并且其中所述第三模式离合器被控制为在其施加状态下选择性地操作成使得由所述电动马达或所述发动机或所述发动机和所述电动马达两者向所述第一输出轴和所述第二输出轴传递原动力时，建立起分时四轮驱动模式。
11.如权利要求10所述的分动器，其中，所述第三模式离合器能够操作成在额外的施加状态下将所述第三构件联接至基底件。
12.如权利要求1所述的分动器，其中，所述分动***(80)包括第一链轮(82)、第二链轮(84)和动力链(86)，所述第一链轮(82)固定地附接于所述第二输入轴(62)，所述第二链轮(84)固定地附接于所述第二输出轴(56)，所述动力链(86)以可旋转的方式联接所述第一链轮(82)和所述第二链轮(84)。
13.如权利要求1所述的分动器，其中，所述第一构件包括齿圈，所述第二构件包括齿轮架，并且所述第三构件包括太阳轮。
14.一种混合动力车辆，包括：
动力传动***，所述动力传动***具有作为原动力源的内燃发动机(12)和电动马达(22)；
用于向第一车轮(32)传递动力的第一驱动系(16)，所述第一驱动系(16)包括第一分离装置(38)，所述第一分离装置(38)设置为使所述原动力源与所述第一车轮传动地连接和分离；
用于向第二车轮(46)传递动力的第二驱动系(18)，所述第二驱动系(18)包括第二分离装置(52)，所述第二分离装置(52)设置为使所述原动力源与所述第二车轮传动地连接和分离；
分动器(44)，所述分动器(44)包括：适于连接至所述第一驱动系的第一输出轴(42)；适于连接至所述第二驱动系的第二输出轴(56)；第一输入轴(60)，所述第一输入轴(60)适于在第一端连接至所述内燃发动机，并且适于在第二端选择性地连接至所述第一输出轴；第二输入轴(62)，所述第二输入轴(62)适于选择性地连接至所述第一输出轴；行星齿轮组(64)，所述行星齿轮组(64)具有第一构件(66)、第二构件(74)和第三构件(70)，所述第一构件(66)固定为与所述第一输入轴一起旋转，所述第二构件(74)固定为与所述第二输入轴一起旋转；分动***(80)，所述分动***(80)将所述第二输入轴(62)以可旋转的方式联接至所述第二输出轴(56)，其中，所述电动马达(22)选择性地驱动所述第三构件(70)。
15.如权利要求14所述的混合动力车辆，还包括：
第一模式离合器(90)，所述第一模式离合器(90)用于将所述第一输入轴和所述第二输入轴中的每一个与所述第一输出轴独立地联接；
第二模式离合器(92)，所述第二模式离合器(92)用于将所述第二输出轴选择性地联接至基底件(100)；
第三模式离合器(102)，所述第三模式离合器(102)用于将所述电动马达选择性地联接至所述第三构件；以及
控制***(24)，所述控制***(24)用于控制所述第一分离装置和所述第二分离装置、所述第一模式离合器、所述第二模式离合器和所述第三模式离合器、所述内燃发动机以及所述电动马达的致动。
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