CN102447167B - Aerial array - Google Patents
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- CN102447167B CN102447167B CN201010505074.2A CN201010505074A CN102447167B CN 102447167 B CN102447167 B CN 102447167B CN 201010505074 A CN201010505074 A CN 201010505074A CN 102447167 B CN102447167 B CN 102447167B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of high frequency receiving antenna array, comprise M array element, array element distance can be equidistantly, can be also non-equidistance, and the spacing between M array element is respectively d1、d2、......dM-1, the pass between array element is: di＝dM-i，di＝di+2，M＝2N, wherein, i is the sequence number of M the spacing between array element, i < M/2, and N is positive integer, and wherein, array length is determined by minimum operation wavelength λ. When spacing between M array element is equidistant, spacingWhen spacing between M array element is unequal-interval, spacing d1+…+dM-1≤ λ. With conventional arrays method for designing, the method not only can obtain the horizontal plane narrower than conventional design method and height pattern, and the directivity factor of higher receiving array, and can make in designed operating frequency range, the directivity factor of array is substantially constant. Also can, on horizontal and vertical direction arbitrarily angled, realize and there is controllable wide zero point simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to field of antenna, relate to particularly a kind of small-sized super direction high frequency receiving antenna battle array at wide zero pointRow, and make the directivity factor of array substantially constant in designed operating frequency range.
Background technology
At high frequency band (3～30MHz), because the wavelength of signal is longer, conventional Array Design is difficult to realize narrower sideXiang Tu, particularly in vertical plane direction. Wider directional diagram not only can affect orientation estimation, the array side of radar system to signalTo the reduction of the indexs such as property coefficient, also can make the antijamming capability of system decline. In addition, at high frequency band, all kinds of owing to existingShort-wave radio set, communication signal, atmospheric noise, industry disturbance, ionospheric clutter etc., cause the electromagnetic environment of high frequency band very multipleAssorted, choose suitable operating frequency, and meet to disturb and the inhibition of clutter very difficult, at particularly night, had a strong impact onThe normal work of radar and communication system. For the radar and the communication system that make high frequency band can be under complicated electromagnetic environments, entirelyThe normal work of weather, requires its reception antenna to have good directionality, and has controlled wider orientation at zero point, to realizeSignal is received preferably and interference and clutter are better suppressed.
Adopt conventional array approach to realize this goal, can cause the complexity of receiving array and sharply going up of costRise.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, it (is that radar or communication system receive that the present invention is dominant according to high frequency band external noiseThe external noise arriving is far above receiver internal noise) feature, a kind of receiving array design new method has been proposed.
The invention provides a kind of aerial array, comprise M array element, the spacing between M array element is respectively d1、d2、......dM-1, it is characterized in that di＝dM-i，di＝di+2，M＝2N, wherein, i is the sequence number of M the spacing between array element,I < M/2, N is positive integer, and wherein, and spacing determined by minimum operation wavelength λ, and such design can improve arrayDirectivity factor, the power range of raising radar system, in whole application band, makes directional diagram and directivity factor basicConstant. Wherein, when the spacing between M array element is equidistant, spacing
Wherein, when the spacing between M array element is unequal-interval, spacing 2 (d1+…+dM/2-1)+dM/2≤ λ, unequal-intervalDesign and equally spaced design effect basic identical, can select according to the aspect such as geographical conditions, comfort level.
Wherein, aerial array is operated in the high frequency band of 3～30MHz.
Wherein, aerial array is end-fire array.
Wherein, in xyz rectangular coordinate system, utilize following formula to select the angle at required formation zero point and transposition cableLength:Or li＝-(d1+...di)sinθi, wherein,For the folder of any vector and x axle in xy planeAngle, θ is any angle of vector and z axle in xy plane.
Wherein, further comprise: one or more phase shift cables and one or more synthesizer, wherein, every in M array elementAn array element in two array elements is connected to synthesizer through phase shift cable, and another array element is connected directly to synthesizer.
Wherein, further comprise: a synthesizer in multiple synthesizers in every two synthesizers is through multiple phase shift cablesIn a phase shift cable be connected to synthesizer more senior in multiple synthesizers, and that another synthesizer is connected directly to is higherThe synthesizer of level.
Wherein, determined the number of array element by following formula:
Wherein, η0For the array efficiency requiring.
Wherein, M=4, M=2N。
Compared with conventional arrays method for designing, the method not only can obtain narrower horizontal plane and height pattern, withAnd the directivity factor of higher receiving array, simultaneously also can be on horizontal and vertical direction arbitrarily angled, realize that have canThe broad beam zero point of controlling. This array can be realized the inhibition to interference and clutter preferably, improves the technical indicator of system. ThisOutward, this array can remain on designed operating frequency range directional diagram and directivity factor substantially constant. This array is endPenetrate battle array, array can use separately, also can form a new array with multiple these arrays.
Brief description of the drawings
For the complete understanding disclosure and advantage thereof, carry out following description as a reference by reference to the accompanying drawings now, wherein:
Fig. 1 show under rectangular coordinate system according to the concrete layout of the end-fire array of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows according to the structural configuration of the aerial array of 4 array element arrays of exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows according to the aerial array of exemplary embodiment of the present invention and traditional antenna array under identical parametersThe emulation comparison of height pattern, wherein, show operating frequency and be 5,6,7,8, the vertical direction of the aerial array of 10MHzFigure, and wherein, be the result of conventional (normal) method design with the identifier of n; And
Fig. 4 shows according to the aerial array of exemplary embodiment of the present invention and traditional antenna array under identical parametersThe emulation comparison of horizontal directivity pattern, wherein, show operating frequency and be 5,6,7,8, the horizontal direction of the aerial array of 10MHzFigure, and wherein, be the result of conventional method design with the identifier of n.
Detailed description of the invention
Discuss manufacture and the use of various embodiments of the present invention below, in detail. But, should be appreciated that, the invention provides and permittedThe applicable concept that how can realize in various specific environments. The specific embodiment of discussing only shows to be manufactured and makesBy concrete mode of the present invention, limit the scope of the invention and be not used in.
The present invention is according to high frequency band external noise this feature that is dominant, for current high frequency over the horizon radar and high frequency wavesThe horizontal plane that section communication receiving system receiving antenna array exists and elevation radiation patytern compared with wide, directivity factor is little, anti-interferenceThe problems such as ability, have proposed a kind of new array design methodology, and the method can be used for high frequency band end-fire array and must design, withThe array of conventional method design is compared, and has narrower horizontal and vertical directional diagram, and higher directivity factor simultaneously can be in instituteIn the working band of design, keep directional diagram and directivity factor substantially constant, and can be in vertical and the arbitrarily angled realization of horizontal planeZero point.
As shown in Figure 1, this array is made up of M array element the schematic diagram of end-fire array, and the spacing between array element is d1、d2......、dM-1, the number of array element is even number, and requires the spacing of array element in array taking array center as symmetrical di＝dM-i, withTime also require di＝di+2(i < M/2). The spacing of array can be equidistantly, can be also unequal-interval, array elementNumber is M=2N, N is integer. Array mainly comprises: the formations such as bay, phase shift cable, synthesizer, array adopts multiple twoUnification power combiner is realized, and the fundamental block diagram of array as shown in Figure 2.
Although method for designing of the present invention can improve the directivity factor of array, with conventional design method phaseRatio, its efficiency decreases. The present invention has provided array mathematic(al) representation and the present invention's design and normal after power composite device outputThe efficiency ratio formula of gauge array design, utilizes the characteristic of these two formula pair arrays to analyze. Provide on this basisArray design methodology of the present invention, and compare with the directional diagram of conventional arrays method design.
According to arrayed form and the version of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, through last power combiner, the side of arrayTo figure function expression be:
WhereinThe function irrelevant with Array Design. Here diFor the distance between bay, liFor phase shift cableLength. Although this method for designing has improved the directivity factor of array, the efficiency of its array decreases, with conventional end-fireArray is compared, and its Efficiency Decreasing value is:
For the designed aerial array of the present invention, have two primary conditions to ensure:
1, directional diagram does not distort;
2, the noise power that array is exported will be far above the noise of internal system, more than being greater than 10dB.
Utilize formula (1) and formula (2), the greatest irradiation direction that can determine array is end-on direction,θ＝π/2Direction. According to two of Array Design basic demands, with the basic demand that calculates pair array design parameter be by analysis:
1.2(d1+…+dM/2-1)+dM/2≤λ；
2.
η0For the array efficiency requiring. Therefore can be determined by formula (2) number of array element.
Because the spacing of antenna element will meet the distortionless requirement of directional diagram of antenna, the increase of array element number is notBut can make the Efficiency Decreasing of aerial array, the spacing between array element also can reduce, this can cause the mutual lotus root between array element to increaseAdd, efficiency further declines. For obtaining better design result, conventionally choose N=2. Now,
In the time that array is equidistantly arranged, desirable d1＝d2＝d3≤ λ/(M-1). Utilize first SIN function in formula (3)Control the front to back ratio of directional diagram, the dead-center position of second SIN function control vertical direction. Form zero as required back lobePoint, gets l1＝d1, be sin θ=-l the zero point of height pattern2/(d1+d2)
If needing design frequency scope is 5～10MHz, its minimum wavelength is: λ=30m, gets d in this example1＝d2＝d3＝7.5m≤λ/(M-1). Getting back lobe is 0, and the zero point of vertical direction is in 10 degree directions, simultaneously in the horizontal direction figure ± 80 degree directionsAlso form two zero points. Therefore, l1＝7.5m，l2＝-2.6m
The directional diagram of its horizontal plane and vertical plane is respectively as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, as can be seen from the figure following some spyProperty:
1, horizontal and vertical major lobe of directional diagram width is all less than the main lobe width of conventional end-fired array design;
2, the main lobe width of directional diagram is substantially constant;
3, can form zero point at the assigned direction of horizontal and vertical directional diagram, and the zero point of vertical direction is darker;
4, the directivity factor of array changes less;
The basic step of Array Design:
1, determine minimum wavelength according to selected operating frequency;
2, according to the external noise environment of selected operating frequency, utilize formula (2) to determine the array loss of allowing,Be the efficiency of aerial array, select the number of array element, M=N2；
3, according to the spacing between formula determining unit:
Equidistantly time:When non-equidistance: di＝dM-i; And 2 (d1+…+dM/2-1)+dM/2≤λ/2
4, utilize formula (3) to select the required angle at zero point and the length of transposition cable of forming;
Or li＝-(d1+...di)sinθi
5, the form composition array providing by Fig. 1, the other parts of array, and press the method realization shown in Fig. 2, thusTo required array.
The present invention is directed to and be operated in high frequency band (3～30MHz) radar or communication equipment. Due at high frequency band, existAll kinds of short-wave radio sets, communication signal, atmospheric noise, industry disturbance, ionospheric clutter etc., cause the electromagnetic environment of high frequency band non-Normal complicated, and the main lobe of antenna array pattern is wider. For the radar and the communication system that make high frequency band can be at complicated electromagnetismUnder environment, round-the-clock normal work, requires its reception antenna to have good directionality, and has controlled wider zero point sidePosition, receives preferably and interference and clutter is better suppressed signal to realize. The present invention is according to high frequency band external noiseThe be dominant feature of (being that the received external noise of radar or communication system is far above receiver internal noise), has proposed oneReceiving array design new method. With conventional arrays method for designing, the method not only can obtain narrower horizontal plane and Vertical SquareXiang Tu, and the directivity factor of higher receiving array also can, on horizontal and vertical direction arbitrarily angled, realize tool simultaneouslyThere is controllable broad beam zero point. This array can be realized the inhibition to interference and clutter preferably, and the technology that improves system refers toMark. In addition, can to remain on designed operating frequency range directivity factor substantially constant for this array. This array is end-fireBattle array, array can use separately, also can form a new array with multiple these arrays.
Although described the present invention and advantage thereof in detail, should be appreciated that, can do not deviate from appended right wantAsk in the purport of the present invention of restriction and the situation of scope, make various change, replace and change. And, the application's modelEnclose the particular implementation that is not limited in technique, machine, manufacture, material component, device, method and the step described in this descriptionExample. Should be understood that by the present invention as those of ordinary skill in the art, existing or Future Development for carry out with according to thisThe essentially identical function of described corresponding embodiment that invention adopts or technique, machine, the manufacture that obtains basic identical result, materialMaterial component, device, method or step can be used according to the present invention. Therefore, claims should be included in suchIn the scope of technique, machine, manufacture, material component, device, method or step.
Claims (6)
1. an aerial array, comprises M array element, and the spacing between a described M array element is respectively d1、d2、……dM-1, its featureBe di＝dM-i，di＝di+2，M＝2N，
Wherein, i is the sequence number of the spacing between a described M array element, i < M/2, and N is positive integer,
And wherein, described spacing is determined by minimum operation wavelength λ;
Wherein, the spacing between a described M array element is unequal-interval, spacing d1+d2…+dM-1≤λ。
2. aerial array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described aerial array is operated in the high frequency of 3～30MHzWave band.
3. aerial array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described aerial array is end-fire array.
4. aerial array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, further comprises: one or more phase shift cables withOne or more synthesizers, wherein,
An array element in a described M array element in every two adjacent array elements is connected to described synthesizer through described phase shift cable,And another array element is connected directly to described synthesizer.
5. aerial array according to claim 4, is characterized in that, further comprises: every phase in described multiple synthesizersThe phase shift cable of a synthesizer in two adjacent synthesizers in described multiple phase shift cables is connected to described multipleMore senior synthesizer in synthesizer, and another synthesizer be connected directly to described in more senior synthesizer.
6. aerial array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, M=4.
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| CN201010505074.2A CN102447167B (en) | 2010-10-09 | 2010-10-09 | Aerial array |
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| CN102760974B (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2015-05-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and active antenna system |
| CN108254740B (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2022-01-07 | 南京理工大学 | Beam synthesis method of frequency diversity array radar based on non-uniform array element spacing |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004019447A2 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-03-04 | Zyray Wireless, Inc. | Antenna array including virtual antenna elements |
| CN101523759A (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2009-09-02 | 施克莱无线公司 | Centralized wireless communication system |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004019447A2 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-03-04 | Zyray Wireless, Inc. | Antenna array including virtual antenna elements |
| CN101523759A (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2009-09-02 | 施克莱无线公司 | Centralized wireless communication system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| "毫米波单脉冲天线阵和低副瓣天线阵的研究";佘胜团;《中国优秀硕士学位论文》;20061215;第16页最后1段-第17页第1段、图2-4 * |
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Effective date of registration: 20170509 Address after: 150001 room 1, unit 3, 202 off street gardener District, Nangang District, Heilongjiang, Harbin Co-patentee after: Xu Rongqing Patentee after: Deng Weibo Co-patentee after: Zhang Xinchao Co-patentee after: Dong Yingning Co-patentee after: Li Gaopeng Co-patentee after: Li Feng Co-patentee after: Harbin Institute of Technology Asset Investment Management Co., Ltd. Address before: 150001, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West straight street, Heilongjiang, Harbin Patentee before: Harbin Institute of Technology |
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Effective date of registration: 20170731 Address after: 150001, room 1017, science and technology building, Harbin National University, 434 Post Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Patentee after: Harbin science and Technology Co., Ltd. ray letter Address before: 150001 room 1, unit 3, 202 off street gardener District, Nangang District, Heilongjiang, Harbin Co-patentee before: Xu Rongqing Patentee before: Deng Weibo Co-patentee before: Zhang Xinchao Co-patentee before: Dong Yingning Co-patentee before: Li Gaopeng Co-patentee before: Li Feng Co-patentee before: Xu Rongqing, Zhang Xinchao, Dong Yingning, Li Gaopeng, Li Feng, Harbin Institute of Technology Asset Investment Management Co., Ltd. |