CN102439260A - 方位近钻头电阻率和地质导向方法及*** - Google Patents
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Abstract
采用近钻头环形天线来获得紧邻该钻头的方位电阻率测量结果的测井工具和方法能产生低延时地质导向信号。在一些实施方式中,近钻头天线是井底组件的一部分,该井底组件包括钻头、泥浆马达和电阻率工具。泥浆马达位于近钻头天线和电阻率工具之间。电阻率工具包括至少一个环形天线,该环形天线不平行于近钻头环形天线。近钻头天线是近钻头模块的一部分,在一些实施方式中,该近钻头模块为电阻率工具发射周期性电磁信号脉冲以便进行测量。在其它实施方式中,近钻头模块测量由电阻率工具发出的电磁信号脉冲的特性,并将所测量的特性经由短距离遥测连接传送到电阻率工具。
Description
交叉引用
本申请涉及由发明人Michael Bittar于2007年8月8日提交的名称为“Tool for Azimuthal Resistivity Measurement and Bed BoundaryDetection”的序列号为11/835,619的共同未审的美国专利申请。同时,本申请还涉及由发明人Michael Bittar、Clive Menezes和Martin Paulk于2007年7月11日提交的名称为“Modular Geosteering Tool Assembly”的共同未审的PCT申请No.PCT/US07/15806。在此结合其全部内容作为参考。
背景技术
现代石油钻井及生产运营需要大量关于井下参数和条件的信息。这样的信息典型地包括钻孔及钻井组件的位置和方向、地球地岩层特性和井下钻井环境参数。关于地岩层特性和井下条件的信息的收集通常被称为“测井”,也可以在钻井过程中收集关于地岩层特性和井下条件的信息(从而被称为“随钻测井”或者“LWD”)。
在LDW中使用了各种现有的测量工具。一种工具是电阻率工具,其包括一个或多个用于将电磁信号发射到地岩层中的天线以及一个或多个用于接收地岩层响应的天线。当操作于低频时,电阻率工具可以被称为“感应”工具;而操作于高频时,该电阻率工具可以称为电磁波传播工具。虽然支配测量的物理现象会随频率而变化,但是工具的操作原理是恒定不变的。在一些情况下,比较接收信号的振幅和/或相位与发射信号的振幅和/或相位而测量地岩层电阻率。在其它情况中,相互比较接收信号的振幅和/或相位而测量地岩层电阻率。
当以钻孔中的深度或工具位置的函数来描述时,电阻率工具测量被称为“测井”或“电阻率测井”。这样的测井可以提供碳氢化合物浓度的表示,以及对于钻井者和完井工程师而言很有用的其它信息。具体而言,方位敏感型测井可以提供用于导向钻井组件的信息,因为这些信息可以通知钻井者何时已进入或离开目标地岩层床,从而允许对钻井程序进行改变以使其相比仅利用地震数据的情况提供更多的价值和更高的成功性。然而,钻头穿透地层界面与收集足以提醒钻井者该事件的测井信息之间的延时经常削弱这种测井的效用。
附图说明
当结合附图考虑以下具体的说明时,可以更好地理解所公开的不同实施方式,其中:
图1示出了示例性的随钻测井(LWD)环境;
图2示出了具有近钻头天线(at-bit antenna)的示例性的井底组件;
图3A-3F示出了可选的近钻头天线结构;
图4示出了示例性的近钻头模块的截面;
图5是用于井底组件的示例性的电子部件的方块图;
图6是用于示例性的近钻头模块的电子部件的方块图;
图7示出了示例性的方位面元布置;
图8示出了穿过模型地岩层的示例性的测井仪器路径;
图9是示例性的地层界面指标的曲线图;
图10是用于近钻头接收器模块的示例性方法的流程图;
图11是用于近钻头发射器模块的示例性方法的流程图;
图12是用于具有近钻头部件的LWD电阻率工具的示例性方法的流程图;以及
图13是示例性表面处理设备的方块图。
以下描述具有广泛应用。在此公开的每个实施例以及所附的讨论仅仅是为了以该实施例为例,而并非意在暗示该公开内容(包括权利要求)的范围被限定于该实施例。与此相反,其旨在覆盖落入由所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的实质和范围内的所有改变、等价物和变化。
具体实施方式
在此公开了测井工具和方法,其采用近钻头环形天线来获得紧邻钻头的方位电阻率测量结果,从而能够产生低延时地质导向信号。在一些实施方式中,近钻头天线是井底组件的一部分,其中井底组件包括钻头、泥浆马达和电阻率工具。近钻头天线是位于钻头切削表面三英尺内的环形天线。泥浆马达位于近钻头天线和电阻率工具之间,并且它通过驱动轴转动钻头。电阻率工具包括至少一个不平行于近钻头环形天线的环形天线。优选地,环形天线的方向相差30°或更大角度。近钻头天线是近钻头模块的一部分,在一些实施方式中,近钻头模块为电阻率工具发射周期性电磁信号脉冲以用于测量。在其它实施方式中,近钻头模块测量由电阻率工具发出的电磁信号脉冲的特性,并且将测量到的特性通过短距离遥测连接传送至电阻率工具。这样,电阻率工具与近钻头模块配合以获得临近钻头的方位电阻率测量结果,由此可以计算地层界面指标信号并将其显示给用户。
在此公开的测井工具和方法可以依据其中操作所述测井工具和方法的大型***而被更好地理解。因而,图1示出了示例性的随钻测井(“LWD”)环境。钻井平台2支撑具有游动滑车6的钻架4,该钻架4用于提升和降下钻柱8。顶部驱动10在钻柱8下降穿过井楼12时支撑并旋转该钻柱8。钻头14由井下马达和/或钻柱8的旋转驱动。在钻头14旋转时,钻头14产生穿过不同地岩层的钻孔16。泵18循环钻井液20,其通过供给管道22流经钻柱8的内部至钻头14。钻井液通过钻头14中的通孔离开,并向上流过环绕钻柱8的环面以将钻削物传送到地面,在那里钻井液被过滤并再循环。
钻头14仅是井底组件24的一个部件,该井底组件24包括有泥浆马达和一个或多个提供重量和刚性以辅助钻井过程的“钻环”(厚壁钢管)。一些钻环包括内置的测井仪器以收集不同的钻井参数(例如,位置、方向、钻压、钻孔直径等)的测量结果。工具方向可以依据工具面角(旋转方向)、倾角(倾斜)和罗盘方向而确定,工具面角(旋转方向)、倾角(倾斜)和罗盘方向均可由磁力计、倾角计和/或加速计测量得到,但是也可选择性的使用如陀螺仪的其他传感器类型。在一个特定实施方式中,工具包括3轴磁通门磁力计以及3轴加速计。如本领域所知,将这两种传感器***相结合能够测量工具面角、倾角和罗盘方向。该方向测量结果可与陀螺测量或惯性测量结果相结合来精确跟踪工具位置。
井底组件24还包括用于保持与地面的通信连接的遥测仪。泥浆脉冲遥测技术是一种常用的遥测技术,用于将工具测量结果传递到地面接收器并从地面接收指令,但是也可以利用其它遥测技术。对于一些技术(例如,穿墙声音信号传输)而言,钻柱8包括一个或多个用于检测、放大以及转发信号的转发器30。在地面,传感器28将信号在机械形式与电形式之间转换,以使网络接口模块36从遥测仪接收上行信号并且(至少在一些实施方式中)发射下行信号至遥测仪。数据处理***50接收数字遥测信号,解调该信号,再将工具数据或测井曲线(well logs)显示给用户。软件(在图1中表示为信息存储介质52)管理***50的操作。用户通过一个或多个输入装置54以及一个或多个输出装置56与***50及其软件52进行交互。在一些***实施方式中,钻孔机采用该***进行地质导向决策并将正确的指令发送至井底组件24。
图2示出了示例性的井底组件24,其具有置于钻头箱(bit box)204中位于“弯接头”208的一端的钻头202。泥浆马达210连接到弯接头208以转动延伸穿过弯接头208至钻头箱204的内部驱动轴。井底组件还包括随钻测井(LWD)组件212和遥测仪218,以及悬挂在一根钻杆222上的其他可选钻环220。
在图2中示出的钻头是牙轮钻头,但是也容易采用其他钻头类型。多数钻头具有螺纹销316(图3D-3F),其与钻头箱204中的螺纹插孔接合以将钻头紧固于钻柱。在图2的实施方式中,钻头箱设有两个环形天线206,其与LWD组件212中的天线214、216相互配合。如下详述,该天线布置能在紧邻钻头处进行方位电阻率测量。钻头箱204由泥浆马达210通过穿过弯接头208的内部驱动轴转动,该弯接头208是一个短部件,当钻头仅由泥浆马达转动时(即,钻柱8不旋转),其轻微弯曲以使钻头钻出弧形孔。地质导向可采用不同类型的泥浆马达,例如容积式马达(PDM)、Moineau马达、涡轮式马达等,以及采用旋转导向机构的其它马达。
LWD组件212包括一个或多个测井工具和***,其能够记录数据并且通过遥测仪218将数据发射至地面。如在此特别讨论的,LWD组件212包括具有天线214、216的电阻率工具,天线214、216与邻近钻头的天线相互配合来确定有助于地质导向的方位电阻率测量。由于泥浆马达的长度,位于LWD部件中的电阻率工具传感器与钻头相距至少15英尺,这通常意味着可用于钻孔机的方位电阻率测量应用于当前钻头位置后至少15英尺处的钻头位置。但是,通过与近钻头环形天线相配合,可以向钻孔机提供可用于当前钻头位置的信息,从而能够比之前更加精确地导向钻井组件。
图2示出了与钻头箱共轴并且轴向间隔15-30厘米的两根环形天线。在钻头箱上设置天线的好处在于这种结构不需要对钻头进行任何变动,其中钻头是需要定期更换的耗材。在钻头箱上设置天线的缺点在于钻头上的定位更接近钻头的表面。然而,在此构思了这两种结构,因为在钻头箱与钻头之间使用了短接插头(short sub),其优点是使得在此公开的方法能应用于现有产品中。
图3A示出了固定在钻头箱302中的钻头202,该钻头箱302具有倾斜的环形天线304(即,环形天线的轴设置为相对于钻头箱的轴形成夹角)。如果空间允许,可以设置一条与第一环形天线平行的第二环形天线。相反地,如果空间被限制在钻头箱上,则可以在钻头箱306上设置单个共轴环形天线308,如图3B所示。环形天线并不必须环绕钻头箱。例如,图3C示出了具有环形天线312的钻头箱310,该环形天线312的轴则垂直于井底组件的纵轴。
图3D-3F示出了具有嵌入的环形天线的钻头。在图3D中,钻头314具有正常长度的轴318以支撑共轴环形天线318,其与图3E中的钻头320不同。钻头320具有伸长的轴322以支撑倾斜的天线324。在图3F中,钻头326在其保径面(gauge surface)上设置有共轴环形天线328。(多数弯接头和旋转可导向***采用长保径钻头,即钻头具有轴向延伸10厘米或更长并且方便提供用于将传感器嵌入钻头表面中的空间的保径面)。如以下所讨论的,一些实施方式采用近钻头天线作为发射天线,而另一些实施方式则采用近钻头天线作为接收天线。
图4示出了钻头箱204的截面,钻头箱204连接至延伸穿过弯接头208的内部轴402。钻井液经过通道404进入钻头下方的销端。隔间406中的电子部件通过布线通道408耦接至环形天线206。电子部件406从流道404中的电池、振动能量采集器、涡轮处或者从隔间406中的线圈获得电能,其中该线圈在内部轴旋转时经过弯接头208的外壳中的磁体的磁场。在一些***实施方式中,电子部件利用该电能驱动定时正弦脉冲依次通过每个环形天线,并暂停***中的其它发射天线的操作。在其它***实施方式中,电子部件利用该电能建立短距离通信连接至泥浆马达上面的LWD组件。可以采用并适用不同的现有短距离井下通信技术。例如,Dailey的名为“Short hop communication link fordownhole MWD system”的美国专利5,160,925公开了一种电磁技术;Tubel的名为“Production well telemetry system”的美国专利6,464,011公开了一种声学技术;Davies的名为“Drill string telemetry system andmethod”的美国专利7,084,782公开了一种轴向电流环路技术;以及Konschuh的名为“Method and apparatus for transmitting sensor responsedata and power through a mud motor”的美国专利7,303,007公开了一种布线技术。适当地采用短距离通信回路,电子部件能够与LWD组件同步计时,测量接收信号的振幅和相位,并且为接下来的处理而将那些测量结果发送至LWD组件。在一些工具实施方式中,一条环形天线作为短距离通信的发射和接收天线,并且还作为发射或接收电阻率测量结果的天线。
图5是用于井底组件的示例性的电子部件的方块图。遥测模块502与地面数据处理设备通信以提供测井数据以及为LWD组件接收控制消息,也可能为导向钻井组件接收控制消息。用于LWD组件的控制模块504提供测井数据并接收这些控制消息。控制模块504通过工具总线506调整LWD组件的不同部件的操作。这些部件包括供电模块508、存储模块510、可选的短距离遥测模块512和电阻率测井工具514。在一些实施方式中,近钻头仪器516发送由测井工具514使用的电磁信号518来测量方位电阻率。在其它实施方式中,测井工具514发送电磁信号520,该电磁信号520由近钻头仪器516测量并且由短距离遥测模块512发送至电阻率测井工具514来进行方位电阻率计算。控制模块504将方位电阻率计算结果存储在存储模块510中,并将至少一些计算结果发送至地面处理设备。
图6是用于示例性的近钻头仪器模块516的电子部件的方块图。示例性的模块包括控制器及存储器单元602、电源604、一个或多个用于发射并可选地接收电磁信号的天线、可选的短距离遥测传感器608以及其它的可选传感器610。控制器及存储器单元602依据以下参照图9和图10所描述的方法对其它模块部件的操作进行控制。电源604利用来自电池、振动能量采集器、涡轮、发电机或其他合适的机构的电能为其它模块部件供电。天线606是耦接到控制器602以发射或接收电磁信号的环形天线。短距离遥测传感器608采用任意合适的短距离井下通信技术与短距离遥测模块512(图5)进行通信。其它传感器610可以包括温度传感器、压力传感器、滑油传感器、振动传感器、应力传感器和密度传感器,以便监控钻头处的钻井条件。
在描述近钻头方位电阻率测量方法之前,进一步地了解一些背景将有助于理解。图7示出了如何能将钻孔分为多个方位面元(即,旋转角范围)的例子。在图7中,圆周已被分为8个面元,其分别编号为702、704……716。当然,也可以采用更多或更少的面元。从钻孔的高的一侧测量旋转角(以下情况除外,即在垂直钻孔中,相对于钻孔的北侧来测量旋转角)。由于旋转工具采集方位敏感测量结果,该测量结果可与这些面元中的一个以及深度值相关联。通常,LWD工具旋转速度比其沿钻孔前进的速度快很多,从而给定深度的每个面元能与大量测量结果相关联。在给定深度处的每个面元中,这些测量结果可以结合起来(例如,取平均值)来提高它们的可靠性。
图8示出了以一定角度穿过模型地岩层的示例性的电阻率测井工具802。模型地岩层包括夹在2层厚的1欧姆-米地层804和808之间的20欧姆-米地层806。示例性的电阻率工具进行方位敏感的电阻率测量,从而确定界面指标信号。如以下进一步的解释,地层界面指标信号可以基于相对方位角度处的测量结果之间的差或比率。
图9是在从图8中的模型获得的相对方位方向的示例性的地层界面指标信号的曲线图。信号902是向下方向(α=180°)的示例性的界面指标信号,而信号904是相对应的向上方向(α=0°)的界面指标信号。当工具接近界面并且朝向具有更高电阻率的地层指向时,信号902和904为正。当工具接近界面并且朝向具有更低电阻率的地层指向时,信号902和904为负。因此,钻孔机可以在最大的正界面指标信号的方向中导向工具,以维持钻孔在高电阻率地层中。这样的界面指标信号能够利用图10或图11的方法之一结合图12的方法而得到。
图10示出了可由近钻头接收器模块实现的示例性的方法。从步骤1002开始,接收器模块将其自身与LWD组件同步。在一些实施方式中,通过往返通信交换出现同步以确定通信延时,然后再将该通信延时作为当前时间值的校正由LWD组件传送至近钻头模块。在其它实施方式中,不需要高计时精度,并可以省略这一步骤。
在步骤1004中,近钻头模块检测接收信号中的脉冲,并测量这些脉冲的振幅和相位。对所有的接收器天线同时进行这样的测量,并且由LWD组件通过短距离遥测来为这样的测量设置计时。在步骤1006中,每个接收信号脉冲的振幅和相位测量结果被加上时间标记,并且被传送到LWD组件。在一些实施方式中,接收天线之间的相位差及衰减值被计算并且被传送至LWD组件。在具有倾斜天线的近钻头模块中,近钻头模块的旋转方向被测量,并且连同振幅和相位测量结果一起被传送到LWD组件。该方法从步骤1004开始反复进行。
图11示出了可由近钻头发射器模块实现的示例性的方法。在步骤1102中,一旦向近钻头模块供电,则模块将经历一段等待周期直到模块确定供电已经稳定并且定时基准抖动(timing reference jitter)的值足够的小。在步骤1104中,通过近钻头环形天线,模块开始重复。在步骤1106中,模块通过驱动正弦脉冲(例如,100微秒2MHz脉冲)穿过发射天线而触发(fire)发射天线。(脉冲长度可以变化至大约10毫秒。信号频率可以从大约10kHz变化至大约10MHz。)在步骤1108中,模块检查以确定是否每个发射天线均已被触发。如果没有,该模块选择并触发下一天线,再从步骤1104开始。否则,在返回到步骤1104前,模块暂停在步骤1110,从而重复完整的循环。这一暂停为发生其它的发射器触发(例如,在LWD组件中的发射器)提供了空间,并且为下一循环开始前改变工具位置提供了时间。在一些实施方式中,一个或多个发射脉冲可以被调制以将信息从其他近钻头传感器传送到LWD组件。
图12示出了用于具有近钻头部件的LWD电阻率工具的示例性的方法。从步骤1202开始,工具将其时间基准与近钻头模块同步。在使用近钻头发射器的至少一些实施方式中,工具检测来自近钻头发射器的信号脉冲,识别暂停和脉冲频率,并且确定循环周期和循环开始时间。基于发射器的计时信息可用作其后的电阻率工具操作的基准。在使用近钻头接收器的实施方式中,工具与近钻头模块进行短距离通信以调整计时,并且在一些评估通信延迟的情况中,通信延迟可用作偏移以精确同步工具和近钻头模块的计时基准。
应注意,在由电阻率工具天线和近钻头天线相结合而形成的天线布置中,可以有多个发射天线。在多数情况下,连续触发发射天线并且测量每个接收器天线对每个发射天线触发的响应。测量循环包括每个发射天线的触发。在步骤1202中已经同步了两个模块的计时,在步骤1204中工具开始通过每个发射天线进行重复,每次选择一个发射天线。
虽然相继示出和描述了以下的三个步骤,但是期望实际上同时实施这三个步骤。在步骤1206中,工具将来自所选发射天线的脉冲发送到周围的地岩层中,或者如果发射天线是近钻头天线,则工具期望近钻头模块发射脉冲。在步骤1208中,在触发发射天线的同时,工具测量当前的工具位置和方向。在步骤1210中,工具(和近钻头模块)测量由每个接收器天线接收的信号的振幅和相位。通过短距离遥测连接将近钻头测量结果传送到电阻率工具。在步骤1212中,所测量的每个发射器的响应振幅和相位与为当前工具位置和方向所限定的测量面元相关联。将该面元中的每个发射-接收天线对的测量结果相结合来提高测量精度,并且从所结合的测量结果中形成方位电阻率测量结果,并且在新的测量结果可用时更新方位电阻率测量结果。同样地,为每个面元确定界面指标值。在可选的步骤1214中,至少部分电阻率和/或界面指标值通过仰孔遥测连接传送至地面处理设备以显示给用户。
在步骤1212中,基于该面元中的新的振幅和相位测量结果和任何之前的测量结果为每个面元确定或更新电阻率测量结果和地层界面指标测量结果。由于使用了非平行的发射和接收天线(例如,发射器或接收器倾斜),电阻率测量结果是方位敏感的。在一些实施方式中,电阻率测量结果可通过当前面元的平均补偿振幅和相位测量结果来确定,也可结合其它邻近的面元的平均补偿测量结果以及其它测量或评估的地岩层参数(如,地岩层走向、地岩层倾角及地岩层各向异性)来确定。通过空间对称发射器得到的平均测量结果来确定补偿测量结果。
可以使用近钻头发射天线或近钻头接收天线(例如,图2中的天线206和214)基于非平行的发射-接收天线测量的测量结果来进行面元的地层界面指标计算。(对本实施方式而言,假设仅使用一个近钻头天线。使用多个近钻头天线的情形将在以下内容中进行讨论。)例如,如果给定面元的测量结果,响应由天线206发射的信号的天线214的平均测量信号相位(或相反,响应来自天线214的信号的天线206的相位)是Φ,该面元的地层界面指标可通过以下等式计算:
I=(当前面元的Φ)-(与当前面元相隔180°的面元的Φ)(1)因此,参照图7,通过面元702和710之间的平均测量信号相位差来计算面元702的地层界面指标。通过面元704和712之间的测量相位差来计算面元704的地层界面指标。可选地,替代相位差,也可使用这些面元之间的相对于发射天线206信号的接收器天线214的响应的振幅A的对数差(或衰减):
I=ln(当前面元的A)-ln(与当前面元相隔180°的面元的A)(2)
还有另一种选择,并不采用相隔180°的面元的相位或者对数振幅之间的差,可以确定当前面元的相位(或对数振幅)与钻孔中给定轴位置处的所有面元的平均相位(或对数振幅)之间的差:
其中bin(k,z)是钻孔中第z个位置处第k个旋转方向的面元。也可能,为每个面元反复多次测量,所使用的相位/振幅值实际是这些反复测量结果的平均值。
我们注意到,图2示出了存在两个近钻头天线206的情况。如果响应于来自天线214的信号,由其中一根天线测量的平均相位是Φ1,而由另一根天线测量的平均相位是Φ2(或者反过来,它们是由天线214测量的响应于两根近钻头天线206的相位),依据相位差可以计算出更有针对性的地层界面指标,例如:
δ=Φ1-Φ2 (5)
I=(当前面元的δ)-(与当前面元相隔180°的面元的δ) (6)或者
可以基于信号振幅的对数计算类似指标。
图13是适用于收集、处理和显示测井数据的示例性的地面处理设备的方块图。在一些实施方式中,该设备从测井数据测量结果中产生地质导向信号,并将其显示给用户。在一些实施方式中,用户还可以与***互动以将指令发送到井底组件,从而响应接收到的数据来调整其操作。如果理想的话,该***可被编程来自动发送这些指令以响应测井数据测量结果,进而使得该***作为钻井过程的自动操控装置。
图13的***可采用台式计算机形式,其包括机箱50、显示器56,以及一个或多个输入装置54、55。显示器接口62、外设接口64、总线66、处理器68、存储器70、信息存储装置72和网络接口74位于机箱50中。总线66互连计算机的不同元件并且传送它们之间的通信。网络接口74将该***耦接至遥测传感器,从而使得该***与井底组件通信。依据经由外设接口54接收的用户输入以及来自存储器70和/或信息存储装置72的程序指令,处理器处理经由网络接口74接收的遥测信息以建立地岩层特性记录和/或地质导向信号,并将其显示给用户。
处理器68及整个***,一般依据存储在(例如,信息存储装置72中的)信息存储介质上的一个或多个程序来进行操作。类似地,井底组件控制模块504(图5)依据存储在内存中的一个或多个程序来进行操作。一个或多个程序配置控制模块和处理***以执行在此公开的近钻头测井及地质导向方法中的至少一个。
对于本领域技术人员而言,在充分理解了上述公开内容的基础上,很容易对本发明做出各种改变和变化。所附权利要求应解释为涵盖所有这样的改变和变化。
在一些实施方式中,近钻头发射器模块自动发射周期性高频信号脉冲,而仅需要控制信号的可由检测到钻井动作而自动触发的简单开/关状态变化。为了获得界面检测所需的测量结果,优选采用具有至少30°及以上(优选为大约45°)相对倾斜角度的非平行发射器-接收器对。例如,如果钻头的发射器线圈是共轴的,接收器线圈就必须是倾斜的。反过来,如果接收器线圈是共轴的,那么发射器线圈就必须是倾斜的。虽然附图示出了嵌在钻头或钻头箱上的近钻头天线,但是近钻头天线可以可选地位于直接邻近钻头箱的弯接头上。
Claims (21)
1.一种井底组件,包括:
具有切削表面的钻头;
具有至少一个环形天线的电阻率工具;
经由驱动轴耦接到所述钻头的泥浆马达,其中所述泥浆马达位于所述钻头和所述电阻率工具之间;以及
近钻头天线,其中所述近钻头天线是位于所述切削表面3英尺内的环形天线,并且所述近钻头天线不平行于所述工具的环形天线。
2.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中近钻头天线与钻头共轴。
3.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中近钻头天线的轴相对于钻头的轴倾斜。
4.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中近钻头天线的轴垂直于钻头的轴。
5.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中近钻头天线的方向与工具的环形天线的方向相差至少30°。
6.如权利要求5所述的组件,其中电阻率工具与近钻头模块同步计时,从而周期性测量经过所述近钻头天线和所述工具的环形天线之间的电磁信号的衰减和相位偏移。
7.如权利要求5所述的组件,其中所述近钻头天线为所述电阻率工具发射电磁信号脉冲以便进行测量和用于确定方位电阻率值。
8.如权利要求5所述的组件,其中所述工具的环形天线发射电磁信号脉冲从而被近钻头天线所接收,其中近钻头模块经由短距离遥测仪传送电磁信号脉冲特性的测量结果至所述电阻率工具。
9.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中所述近钻头天线嵌在所述钻头的保径面上。
10.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中所述近钻头天线嵌在所述钻头的轴上。
11.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中所述钻头包括螺接在钻头箱中的销端,所述近钻头天线安装在所述钻头箱上。
12.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中所述驱动轴穿过外壳,并且所述近钻头天线紧邻钻头箱安装到所述外壳上。
13.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中所述电阻率工具确定地岩层电阻率的方位属性,并且所述方位属性作为地层界面指标信号传送到用户。
14.如权利要求1所述的组件,还包括第二近钻头天线,所述第二近钻头天线是所述切削表面三英尺内的环形天线。
15.一种测井方法,包括:
将来自近钻头环形天线的电磁脉冲发射到位于泥浆马达的相对侧上的电阻率工具;
通过所述电阻率工具上的环形天线测量所述电磁脉冲的特性;
将所测量的特性与至少一个环形天线的方位方向相关联;
至少部分地基于所测量的特性确定电阻率值;以及
至少部分地基于所述电阻率值的方位变化来提供界面指标信号。
16.如权利要求15所述的测井方法,其中所述近钻头环形天线是共轴的,而所述工具的环形天线是倾斜的。
17.如权利要求15所述的测井方法,其中所述环形天线的方向至少相差30°。
18.如权利要求15所述的测井方法,还包括发射来自不同的第二近钻头环形天线的电磁脉冲,以及利用所述电阻率工具上的环形天线来测量这些电磁脉冲的特性,其中所述电阻率值也至少部分地基于所测量的来自所述第二近钻头环形天线的电磁脉冲的特性。
19.一种测井方法,包括:
将来自电阻率工具上的环形天线的电磁脉冲发射到位于泥浆马达的相对侧上的近钻头环形天线;
通过所述近钻头环形天线测量所述电磁脉冲的特性;
经由短距离遥测仪将所测量的特性传送至所述电阻率工具,其中所测量的特性与至少一个环形天线的方位方向相关联;
至少部分地基于所测量的特性确定电阻率值;以及
至少部分地基于所述电阻率值的方位变化提供界面指标信号。
20.如权利要求19所述的测井方法,其中所述近钻头环形天线是共轴的,并且所述工具的环形天线倾斜至少30°。
21.如权利要求19所述的测井方法,还包括使用不同的第二近钻头环形天线测量所述电磁脉冲的特性,其中所述电阻率值也至少部分地基于所测量的来自所述第二近钻头环形天线的电磁脉冲的特性。
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Also Published As
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US20110234230A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
GB201015245D0 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
BRPI0822137B1 (pt) | 2018-10-09 |
US8581592B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
AU2008365630A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
WO2010074678A3 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
AU2008365630B2 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
WO2010074678A2 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
BRPI0822137A2 (pt) | 2015-06-23 |
GB2472155B (en) | 2013-12-18 |
GB2472155A (en) | 2011-01-26 |
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