CN102432081B - Humidity difference driven evaporative freezing sea water desalination method, and device for the same - Google Patents
Humidity difference driven evaporative freezing sea water desalination method, and device for the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102432081B CN102432081B CN2011103509857A CN201110350985A CN102432081B CN 102432081 B CN102432081 B CN 102432081B CN 2011103509857 A CN2011103509857 A CN 2011103509857A CN 201110350985 A CN201110350985 A CN 201110350985A CN 102432081 B CN102432081 B CN 102432081B
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- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylidene Natural products CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007701 flash-distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005111 flow chemistry technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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Abstract
The invention discloses a humidity difference driven evaporative freezing sea water desalination method, and a device for the same. In the environment with 0 DEG C, when a drying cool airflow passes through the surface of the sea water, the surface sea water is evaporated and heat is absorbed, residual sea water is frozen by the released heat, and the frozen ice crystal is melted and separated to get the fresh water. In the desalination process, air is used as a medium, the problem of pollution to the fresh water and damage on the environment caused by use of chemical refrigerants is avoided, and defects of a coolant directly contacted sea water freezing desalination method are made up; latent heat of evaporation of the water absorbs the heat of sea water solution so as to freeze the sea water without consuming external energy, so that consumption of energy is reduced; and the evaporative freezing process can be performed without vacuum environment, so that problems caused by vacuum pumping are avoided, initial cost of equipment is reduced, and technical requirements on operations are lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of sea water desalting technology, evaporative freezing method for desalting seawater and device under especially a kind of psychrometric difference that is applicable to desalinize seawater drives.
Background technology
The shortage of fresh water that the whole world is day by day serious has become the serious problems that threaten human survival and restriction Economic development.Sea water desaltination becomes the important channel that solves this crisis as the increment technique of increasing income of water resources.At present, more than 1.5 ten thousand of the existing desalimtor in the whole world surpasses 120 countries and obtains fresh water by sea water desaltination.Method for desalting seawater has tens kinds both at home and abroad, but actual employing mainly is distillation method (comprising flash distillation and low-temperature distillation), reverse osmosis method, cold method.Distillation method and reverse osmosis method all need to consume a large amount of heat energy or electric energy that changed into by oil, Sweet natural gas or coal, and fresh water production cost and operative technique are had relatively high expectations.Cold method is divided into indirect freezing method (utilizing low-temperature refrigerant and seawater to carry out indirect heat exchange freezes seawater freezing) and direct cold method (refrigerant or refrigerant directly contact with seawater and make seawater icing).The indirect freezing method heat transfer efficiency is low and need larger heat transfer area, therefore, and the direct cold method of more employing in Practical Project.According to the difference of refrigerant, directly cold method is divided into refrigerant contact method and the direct cold method of vacuum evaporation type.The refrigerant contact method usually with water insoluble and boiling point close to the normal butane of seawater freezing point as refrigerant, with the freezing ice that obtains after itself and the sea water mixing, obtain fresh water behind the ice-out.In working cycle system must strict seal and water body unavoidably can be subject to the pollution of normal butane.Vacuum freezing vapour compression method, vacuum freezing vapor absorption method and vacuum freezing vapor condensation method are typically arranged in the direct freezing desalination method of vacuum evaporation type.The main difference of three is the mode difference that steam is removed, but all need adopt extra equipment to process the water vapor that produces in the evaporative freezing process, and keeping of vacuum increased expending of initial cost and electric energy in the desalination process.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the objective of the invention is to propose that a kind of method is easy, apparatus structure is simple, easy-operating psychrometric difference drives evaporative freezing method for desalting seawater and device.
Technical scheme: the evaporative freezing method for desalting seawater under psychrometric difference of the present invention drives comprises the steps:
A, inject 0 ℃ seawater to airflow inlet position, evaporative freezing chamber from top, the evaporative freezing chamber water-in that arranges, open the valve that starts refrigeration system, 0 ℃ of cooling flow in the refrigeration system is by blower fan suction airflow circulation pipeline, the cooling flow that enters the airflow circulation pipeline enters evaporative freezing from evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet behind the first heat exchanger indoor, enter the indoor cooling flow of evaporative freezing and after seawater surface, enter the airflow circulation pipeline from evaporative freezing chamber air stream outlet, successively through the first heat exchanger, film moisture trap and the second heat exchanger, it is indoor that blower fan and the first heat exchanger enter evaporative freezing again, so constantly circulation, meanwhile, to with cooled with seawater pipeline that the second heat exchanger links to each other in pass into seawater, the air-flow in the air stream outlet of evaporative freezing chamber is cooled off;
B, freeze thick when reaching 3cm when the indoor seawater surface of evaporative freezing, open the valve of ice body discharge outlet, after the body that will freeze is discharged, close the valve of ice body discharge outlet, water-in through top, evaporative freezing chamber fills into seawater to airflow inlet place, evaporative freezing chamber, closes the valve of the water-in at top;
Behind c, repeating step a and the b, every repeating step a and b 3～5 times, discharge seawater after part is concentrated through the concentrated seawater vent valves, the water-in through top, evaporative freezing chamber fills into seawater to airflow inlet place, evaporative freezing chamber simultaneously;
D, the icing body that will discharge obtain fresh water after compiling thawing.
After 0 ℃ of cooling flow enters 20～60 minutes from evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet, close the valve that starts refrigeration system, stop to enter 0 ℃ of cooling flow.
Evaporative freezing sea water desalinating plant under psychrometric difference of the present invention drives, comprise the evaporative freezing chamber, be connected to the evaporative freezing chamber air-flow import and export at evaporative freezing chamber sidewall and top, evaporative freezing chamber air-flow import and export is communicated with by the road, consist of the airflow circulation pipeline, airflow circulation pipeline parallel join has the first heat exchanger, on the outlet pipe of the first heat exchanger, be connected with film moisture trap, the second heat exchanger, be connected with on the second heat exchanger and outlet pipe and the cooled with seawater pipeline that connects; Be connected with blower fan on the air pipe through entering of the first heat exchanger, the ingress of blower fan is provided with the valve that starts refrigeration system, the top of described evaporative freezing chamber is provided with the seawater water-in, the bottom is provided with the concentrated seawater vent valves, the outer side wall of evaporative freezing chamber is provided with the ice body discharge outlet by valve control, and the position, hole of ice body discharge outlet is lower than the position, hole of evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet.
The distance that the position, hole of described ice body discharge outlet is lower than position, airflow inlet hole, evaporative freezing chamber is 5～15cm.
Beneficial effect: the evaporative freezing sea water desaltination that the present invention drives with psychrometric difference, whole desalination process for 0 ℃ critical or near 0 ℃ of critical condition under, when dry cold air stream passes through seawater surface, seawater obtains fresh water owing to evaporation is freezed by the freezing ice crystal that obtains being melted separate.System is in working cycle, and air-flow heats up by heat-exchanger rig and lowers the temperature in the evaporative freezing outdoor behind humidification, dehumidifies by the film moisture trap, finally obtains the dry cold air stream of original state.In this process, utilize and to keep the heat that the evaporative freezing critical temperature discharges to the external world air-flow is dehumidified and heats up; The cold that utilizes melted ice crystal is to the air-flow processing of lowering the temperature.This desalination process be with air as medium, avoided using that refrigeration agent may cause to fresh water pollution and environmental disruption problem, remedied the deficiency that the direct contact refrigeration method for desalting seawater of refrigerant exists; Utilizing evaporation of water latent heat to absorb the sea water solution heat freezes seawater, the heat of solidification of seawater is about 334kJ/kg under 0 ℃ of condition, and vaporization heat is 2501kJ/kg, and vaporization heat is about 7 times of the solid heat of water-setting, do not need to consume external energy, thereby reduced the consumption to the energy; The evaporative freezing process need to not carried out under vacuum environment, need not to solve to vacuumize the problem of bringing, and has reduced the initial cost of equipment, has reduced the technical requirements of operation.Major advantage is: utilize natural refrigerant fully, water body is not polluted; Apparatus structure is simple, need not to operate under vacuum, and energy consumption is low, can become a kind of desirable fresh water acquiring way in shortage of fresh water area.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus structure synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1-evaporative freezing chamber, 2-the first heat exchanger, 4-the second heat exchanger, 3-film moisture trap, the 5-blower fan, 6-starts the valve of refrigeration system, 7-concentrated seawater vent valves, 8-ice body discharge outlet, 9-evaporative freezing chamber air stream outlet, the 10-water-in, 11-evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet, 12-cooled with seawater pipeline.
Embodiment
Psychrometric difference of the present invention drives lower evaporative freezing method for desalting seawater: at first from the seawater of 0 ℃ of evaporative freezing chamber 1 top water-in, 10 injection that arranges to airflow inlet 11 positions, evaporative freezing chamber, open the valve 6 that starts refrigeration system, 0 ℃ of cooling flow in the refrigeration system is by blower fan 5 suction airflow circulation pipelines, the cooling flow that enters the airflow circulation pipeline enters in the evaporative freezing chamber 1 from evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet 11 behind the first heat exchanger 2, after 0 ℃ of cooling flow enters 20～60 minutes from evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet 11, close the valve 6 that starts refrigeration system, stop to enter 0 ℃ of cooling flow.Enter cooling flow in the evaporative freezing chamber 1 under the effect of seawater surface at psychrometric difference, seawater surface part water evaporation endothermic, and the remainder seawater is freezed, then the cooling flow that obtains humidification enters the airflow circulation pipeline from evaporative freezing chamber air stream outlet 9, successively through the first heat exchanger 2, film moisture trap 3 and the second heat exchanger 4, blower fan 5 and the first heat exchanger 2 enter in the evaporative freezing chamber 1 again, so constantly circulation, meanwhile, to with cooled with seawater pipeline 12 that the second heat exchanger 4 links to each other in pass into seawater, the air-flow in the air stream outlet of evaporative freezing chamber is cooled off; When the seawater surface in the evaporative freezing chamber 1 is frozen thick when reaching 3cm, open the valve of ice body discharge outlet 8, after the body that will freeze is discharged, close the valve of ice body discharge outlet 8, water-in 10 through 1 top, evaporative freezing chamber fills into seawater to airflow inlet 11 ingress, evaporative freezing chamber, closes the valve of the water-in 10 at top; Repeat above-mentioned steps, behind every repeating step 3～5 times, open concentrated seawater vent valves 7 and discharge seawater after part is concentrated, the water-in 10 through 1 top, evaporative freezing chamber fills into seawater to airflow inlet 11 ingress, evaporative freezing chamber simultaneously; Obtain fresh water after the icing body of discharging compiled thawing.
Evaporative freezing sea water desalinating plant under the psychrometric difference of realization aforesaid method drives, as shown in Figure 1, mainly by evaporative freezing chamber 1, the first heat exchanger 2, the second heat exchanger 4, film moisture trap 3, blower fan 5 and cooled with seawater pipeline 12 consist of, the top of evaporative freezing chamber 1 is respectively equipped with water-in 10 and the evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet 11 that replenishes seawater, be respectively equipped with ice body discharge outlet 8 and evaporative freezing chamber air stream outlet 9 on the two side of evaporative freezing chamber 1, the bottom of evaporative freezing chamber 1 is provided with concentrated seawater vent valves 7, and the pipeline of connecting fan 5 is provided with start-up system access valve 6.The evaporative freezing chamber air-flow import and export 11,9 that is connected to evaporative freezing chamber 1 sidewall and top is communicated with by the road, consist of the airflow circulation pipeline, airflow circulation pipeline parallel join has the first heat exchanger 2, be connected with on film moisture trap 3, the second heat exchanger 4, the second heat exchangers 4 and outlet pipe and the cooled with seawater pipeline 12 that connects through being connected with on the outlet pipe of the first heat exchanger 2; Be connected with blower fan 5 on the air pipe through entering of the first heat exchanger 2, the ingress of blower fan 5 is provided with the valve 6 that starts refrigeration system, the top of described evaporative freezing chamber 1 is provided with seawater water-in 10, the bottom is provided with concentrated seawater vent valves 7, the outer side wall of evaporative freezing chamber 1 is provided with the ice body discharge outlet 8 by valve control, the position, hole of ice body discharge outlet 8 is lower than the position, hole of evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet 11, and the distance that the position, hole of described ice body discharge outlet 8 is lower than evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet eleven-punch is 5～15cm.
Claims (1)
1. the evaporative freezing method for desalting seawater under a psychrometric difference drives is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, inject 0 ℃ seawater to evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet (11) position from evaporative freezing chamber (1) the top water-in (10) that arranges, open the valve (6) that starts refrigeration system, 0 ℃ of cooling flow in the refrigeration system is by blower fan (5) suction airflow circulation pipeline, the cooling flow that enters the airflow circulation pipeline enters in the evaporative freezing chamber (1) from evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet (11) behind the first heat exchanger (2), the cooling flow that enters in the evaporative freezing chamber (1) enters the airflow circulation pipeline from evaporative freezing chamber air stream outlet (9) after seawater surface, successively through the first heat exchanger (2), film moisture trap (3) and the second heat exchanger (4), blower fan (5) and the first heat exchanger (2) enter in the evaporative freezing chamber (1) again, so constantly circulation, meanwhile, to with cooled with seawater pipeline (12) that the second heat exchanger (4) links to each other in pass into seawater, the air-flow in the air stream outlet of evaporative freezing chamber is cooled off; After 0 ℃ of cooling flow enters 20～60 minutes from evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet (11), close the valve (6) that starts refrigeration system, stop to enter 0 ℃ of cooling flow;
B, freeze thick when reaching 3cm when the seawater surface in evaporative freezing chamber (1), open the valve of ice body discharge outlet (8), after the body that will freeze is discharged, close the valve of ice body discharge outlet (8), water-in (10) through top, evaporative freezing chamber (1) fills into seawater to evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet (11) and locates, and closes the valve of the water-in (10) at top;
C, repeating step a and b, behind every repeating step a and the b 3～5 times, seawater after concentrated seawater vent valves (7) discharge section is concentrated, the water-in (10) of while through top, evaporative freezing chamber (1) fills into seawater to evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet (11) and locates;
D, the icing body that will discharge obtain fresh water after compiling thawing.
2. the evaporative freezing sea water desalinating plant under a psychrometric difference of realizing aforesaid method drives, comprise the first heat exchanger (2), the second heat exchanger (4), it is characterized in that: it comprises evaporative freezing chamber (1), the evaporative freezing chamber air-flow that is connected to evaporative freezing chamber (1) sidewall and top advances, outlet (11,9), evaporative freezing chamber air-flow advances, outlet (11,9) be communicated with by the road, consist of the airflow circulation pipeline, airflow circulation pipeline parallel join the first heat exchanger (2), on the outlet pipe of the first heat exchanger (2), be connected with film moisture trap (3), the second heat exchanger (4) is connected with on the second heat exchanger (4) and outlet pipe and the cooled with seawater pipeline (12) that connects; Be connected with blower fan (5) on the air pipe through entering of the first heat exchanger (2), the ingress of blower fan (5) is provided with the valve (6) that starts refrigeration system, the top of described evaporative freezing chamber (1) is provided with seawater water-in (10), the bottom is provided with concentrated seawater vent valves (7), the outer side wall of evaporative freezing chamber (1) is provided with the ice body discharge outlet (8) by valve control, and the position, hole of ice body discharge outlet (8) is lower than the position, hole of evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet (11).
3. the evaporative freezing sea water desalinating plant under psychrometric difference according to claim 2 drives, it is characterized in that: the distance that the position, hole of described ice body discharge outlet (8) is lower than evaporative freezing chamber airflow inlet (11) position, hole is 5～15cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011103509857A CN102432081B (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2011-11-09 | Humidity difference driven evaporative freezing sea water desalination method, and device for the same |
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| CN2011103509857A CN102432081B (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2011-11-09 | Humidity difference driven evaporative freezing sea water desalination method, and device for the same |
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| CN102432081A CN102432081A (en) | 2012-05-02 |
| CN102432081B true CN102432081B (en) | 2013-04-03 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103214052A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-07-24 | 广西玉林宏江能源科技有限公司 | Energy-saving new scheme for producing fresh water by precooling sea tide pressure seawater |
| CN103771554B (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2015-04-22 | 中国矿业大学 | Method and device for desalinating seawater by airflow impact, rotating suspension and freezing |
| CN112158903B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-03-04 | 东南大学 | Seawater desalination device based on solution dehumidification |
| CN112791438B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-07-29 | 魏永阳 | Cold energy desalination system and process for treating saline water |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2493298A1 (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1982-05-07 | Od Inzh Str In | Desalination of water by air evapn. - using evaporative cooling effect to pre:cool air |
| DE3110495A1 (en) * | 1981-03-18 | 1982-10-07 | Blechschmidt, Wolfgang, Ing.(grad.), 2000 Hamburg | Seawater desalination plant |
| CN2194903Y (en) * | 1994-07-02 | 1995-04-19 | 王燕华 | Cryogenic sea water desalting plant |
| CN1283167A (en) * | 1997-12-25 | 2001-02-07 | 株式会社荏原制作所 | Desalination method and desalination apparatus |
| US20070007120A1 (en) * | 2005-07-11 | 2007-01-11 | Taylor William P | Desalinator |
| WO2009049907A2 (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2009-04-23 | Eni S.P.A. | Process for the reduction of the concentration of salts in an aqueous stream containing them |
| CN101454060A (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2009-06-10 | 本·M·埃尼斯 | Desalination method and system using compressed air energy systems |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3308030B2 (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 2002-07-29 | 高砂熱学工業株式会社 | Solution desalination system |
| JP2003024736A (en) * | 2001-07-11 | 2003-01-28 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Gas-liquid contact apparatus and freezing, concentration, and separation method |
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2011
- 2011-11-09 CN CN2011103509857A patent/CN102432081B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2493298A1 (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1982-05-07 | Od Inzh Str In | Desalination of water by air evapn. - using evaporative cooling effect to pre:cool air |
| DE3110495A1 (en) * | 1981-03-18 | 1982-10-07 | Blechschmidt, Wolfgang, Ing.(grad.), 2000 Hamburg | Seawater desalination plant |
| CN2194903Y (en) * | 1994-07-02 | 1995-04-19 | 王燕华 | Cryogenic sea water desalting plant |
| CN1283167A (en) * | 1997-12-25 | 2001-02-07 | 株式会社荏原制作所 | Desalination method and desalination apparatus |
| US20070007120A1 (en) * | 2005-07-11 | 2007-01-11 | Taylor William P | Desalinator |
| CN101454060A (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2009-06-10 | 本·M·埃尼斯 | Desalination method and system using compressed air energy systems |
| WO2009049907A2 (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2009-04-23 | Eni S.P.A. | Process for the reduction of the concentration of salts in an aqueous stream containing them |
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| Title |
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| JP特开2003-24736A 2003.01.28 |
| JP特开平6-277655A 1994.10.04 |
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