CN102420794A - 4M transmission method of OFDM structure of satellite CMMB system - Google Patents
4M transmission method of OFDM structure of satellite CMMB system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 4M transmission method of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) structure of a satellite China mobile multimediabroadcasting (CMMB) system. According to the method, at a transmitting terminal, pilot frequency insertion, OFDM moulding and cyclic prefix insertion are carried out on a data subcarrier that has been coded and mapped and then the processed data subcarrier is sent to a receiving terminal; at the receiving terminal, cyclic prefix deletion, OFDM deframing, and pilot frequency deletion are correspondedly carried out on a received signal and then sent data are recovered by demapping and channel decoding processes. According to the invention, a balanced and eclectic optimized scheme is provided for a CMMB standard in aspects of a system data transmission rate and a frequency spectrum utilization rate, so that a technical problem of unbalanced functions in the aspects of a transmission rate and a frequency utilization rate in a traditional system is solved. Besides, a pilot frequency pattern arrangement mode is designed reasonably and optimized, so that the system has good channel estimation precision and a system transmission performance of a 4M mode in a satellite mobile multipath environment is also improved; moreover, a transmission mode of the OFDM structure of the CMMB system is expanded.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the mobile communication technology field, relate to a kind of 4M transmission method of the satellite CMMB OFDM of system system.
Background technology
In October, 2006; (China Mobile MultimediaBroadcasting, CMMB) technical research working group has issued " CMMB part 1: broadcast channel frame format, chnnel coding and modulation " this industry standard to China Mobile multimedia broadcasting.(hereinafter to be referred as " this standard ").
This standard definition at the broadcast system of S frequency range through multi-media signals such as ground (or satellite) TV transmission, broadcasting, data message; Wherein physical layer adopts Orthodoxy Frequency Division Multiplex transmission (OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing; OFDM) technology, signal bandwidth have 8M and two kinds of transmission modes of 2M are available.These two kinds of patterns can provide one or more independently broadcast channel, support multiple coding and modulation system in order to satisfy different business, the different transmission environment demands of different to signal quality respectively.Wherein, the 8M pattern has 4096 OFDM subcarriers, is applicable to the demand that middle and high bit rate is professional, and the 2M pattern has 1024 number of sub-carrier, in being fit to, the professional demand of low bit rate rate.Physical layer is also supported multiple services mixed mode, reaches the coupling of traffic performance and transmission mode, thereby realizes the flexibility and the diversity of service operation.
But there is following three point problem in above-mentioned standard:
1, the system spectrum utilization ratio of existing 8M pattern is lower, (under the demand of the mobile multi-media broadcasting service speed of 4Mbps～8Mbps), on average is lower than for 1 (excursion is about 0.51～1.02) at identical middle and high data transfer rate;
2, the data transmission service speed of existing 2M pattern is lower; (constellation mapping: BPSK/QPSK/16QAM under identical constellation mapping+chnnel coding condition; Chnnel coding: LDPC1/2, LDPC3/4 etc.), (excursion is about 0.55Mbps～2.17Mbps) on average to be merely 1.26Mbps;
3, existing 8M pattern ofdm signal bandwidth is 8MHz, and relatively large, 2M pattern ofdm signal bandwidth is 2MHz, and is less relatively again, on the resource-constrained satellite of transmission bandwidth, band efficiency, does not use as yet at present, and transmission parameter is still waiting further optimization.
Growing along with the DMB communication requirement, existing transmission mode can't satisfy the requirement that the transmission rate variation is selected, and the system spectrum utilization ratio is not high yet.To the well designed of existing transmission mode and the new problem that optimal design just becomes filed of mobile multimedia broadcasting.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: to the deficiency of prior art, a kind of 4M transmission method of the satellite CMMB OFDM of system system is provided.The present invention aspect the system data transfer rate and the availability of frequency spectrum two for the CMMB standard provides a kind of compromise preferred version of weighing, solved legacy system unbalanced technical problem of function aspect the transmission rate and the availability of frequency spectrum two.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of 4M transmission method of the satellite CMMB OFDM of system system at transmitting terminal, carries out sending to receiving terminal after pilot tone insertion, OFDM moulding and the insertion Cyclic Prefix step to the data subcarrier after completion coding and the mapping; At receiving terminal, delete Cyclic Prefix, OFDM to the received signal accordingly and separate after frame and the deletion pilot tone through separating mapping and channel decoding and recover the data of transmission.
In the said pilot tone inserting step: per 8 number of sub-carrier are divided into one group, comprising 7 data subcarriers and 1 scattered pilot subcarrier; On frequency direction and time slot direction, 7 the data subcarriers in every interval insert 1 scattered pilot subcarrier respectively; Thereby on frequency domain direction, constitute an OFDM frequency domain symbol, each OFDM frequency domain symbol comprises 1540 effective subcarriers;
In the said OFDM forming step: in each OFDM frequency domain symbol, replenish 507 virtual subnet carrier waves and 1 center frequency point subcarrier; With two groups of 1540 effective subcarrier average marks; Every group 770, be arranged in the both sides of described center frequency point subcarrier symmetrically, again 507 virtual subnet carrier waves are filled in the both sides of 1540 effective subcarriers; Form 2048 total subcarriers altogether, constitute the spectrum structure of nominal bandwidth 4MHz; 2048 total subcarriers are carried out the IFFT computing, constitute an OFDM time domain moulding symbol;
In the said insertion Cyclic Prefix step: at first; Begin the place as Cyclic Prefix with what 256 last subsymbols in each OFDM time domain moulding symbol copied to OFDM time domain moulding symbol, make duration of each OFDM time domain moulding symbol equal FFT integration period and cyclic prefix period and; Then, each OFDM time domain moulding symbol begin add to protect the interval before the place with after ending place.
In each described OFDM frequency domain symbol; 192 scattered pilot subcarriers are arranged, and on time slot direction or frequency direction, pilot sub-carrier ratio at interval is 1: 1; And in the different OFDM frequency domain symbols stagger each other in the position of scattered pilot subcarrier, forms star-like pilot frequency design spread pattern.
In the described star-like pilot frequency design spread pattern,, satisfy following rule for the Position Number m of scattered pilot subcarrier in n the OFDM frequency domain symbol in each time slot:
Wherein, MOD (n, 8) is for getting remainder operation; The n span is that 0≤n＜53,53 are the sum of OFDM frequency domain symbol in the time slot; Integer p represents the sequence number of scattered pilot subcarrier in the OFDM frequency domain symbol, and the p span is 0≤n≤191.
The length of said Cyclic Prefix is 1/8 of FFT integration period.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
(1) on the one hand in order to expand and to improve the system data transfer rate, under certain constellation mapping+chnnel coding condition restriction, effective method is to improve system transmission bandwidth, and this need expand the bandwidth of existing 2M pattern, with raising system data transfer rate.There is certain constraints in choosing of nominal bandwidth, and one side need satisfy the rule of IFFT/FFT computing, need consider the implementation complexity of satellite system and the balance of operational efficiency on the other hand, and the present invention is designed to 4MHz with nominal bandwidth.Adopt this kind design to have higher data transmission rate, under identical constellation mapping+chnnel coding condition, select the average data transfer rate of 2M pattern to be about 1.26Mbps, and select the average data transfer rate of 4M pattern to be about 3.14Mbps than existing 2M pattern.
(2) on the other hand in order to optimize and improve the system spectrum utilance; Under the restriction of the mobile multi-media broadcasting service rate requirement of certain middle and high data transfer rate; Effective method is to reduce system transmission bandwidth consumption; This need reduce the bandwidth of existing 8M pattern, to improve the system spectrum utilance.According to the bandwidth selection principle described in the advantage (1), and take into account the operational efficiency of consideration satellite system and the balance and the IFFT/FFT algorithm of implementation complexity.Design of the present invention is compared with existing 8M pattern; (has the higher availability of frequency spectrum under the demand of the mobile multi-media broadcasting service speed of 4Mbps～8Mbps) at identical middle and high data transfer rate; Select the system spectrum utilance of 8M pattern on average approximately to be merely 0.8, and select the availability of frequency spectrum of 4M pattern on average to be about 1.58.
(3) in order to improve and the elevator system transmission performance; Move under the restriction of multipath transmission environment at satellite; The present invention makes pilot sub-carrier equate at interval on time slot direction and frequency direction, and the pilot initial position of different OFDM symbols is staggered each other through the position relation of pilot sub-carrier in the reasonable Arrangement pilot frequency design and data subcarrier; Make each subcarrier in each OFDM symbol can obtain good precision of channel estimation; Thereby the accuracy that the elevator system overall channel is estimated, and then reduce the system transmissions error rate, final elevator system transmission performance.Compare with Europe 4k transmission mode of the same type; Under identical simulated conditions; The pilot frequency design more even distribution, it is more reasonable to design, and the system that makes has better channel estimating performance and more excellent Channel Transmission error performance; Effectively promoted adaptability and the integrality of ofdm system under multiple mobile multipath reception environment, and the diversity of transport service selection.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is 4M pattern OFDM equivalence baseband transmission sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 2 divides sketch map for 4M pattern physical layer frame structure time slot of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is 4M mode spectrum structure of the present invention and subcarrier allocation precedence diagram;
Fig. 4 is a 4M pattern pilot frequency design structural design sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 5 inserts Cyclic Prefix and protection spacer structure figure for 4M pattern of the present invention;
Fig. 6,7 is 4M mode channel transmission performance comparison diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes and the 4M transmission mode of design adopts and have the compatible design on the physical layer transmission standard of 8M/2M pattern now.The 4M transmission mode that proposes can provide one or more independently broadcast channel, can support multiple coding and modulation system in order to satisfy the requirement to signal quality of different business, different transmission environment respectively.Physical layer is also supported multiple services mixed mode, reaches the coupling of traffic performance and transmission mode, thereby realizes the flexibility and the diversity of service operation.And in order to keep the self-consistentency property of three kinds of transmission modes, the 4M pattern has the basic framework identical with the 8M/2M transmission mode, i.e. physical layer equivalence baseband transmission model is basic identical, and difference is the design of system's important technological parameters index.Fig. 1 has provided the equivalent baseband transmission model of 4M pattern, and the basic framework of this model is compatible up and down with existing 8M/2M transmission mode, and concrete parameter preparation need design separately for the 4M pattern.
The performing step of the inventive method is following:
1, important technological parameters index
The 4M transmission mode that the present invention designed, physical layer bandwidth are 4MHz (nominal value), and number of subcarriers is 2048 number of sub-carrier; Wherein effectively subcarrier (not containing the virtual subnet carrier wave) quantity is 1540 number of sub-carrier; Comprise 1304 data subcarriers, 192 scattered pilot subcarriers and 44 CP continuous pilot subcarriers, actual effective bandwidth is 3.76MHz, and the minimum symbol duration of time domain is 0.2 μ s; The total symbolic number of every time slot is 125,000 data symbols; Other is identical with existing 8M/2M transmission mode such as parameters such as sub-carrier frequencies interval, FFT integration period, every frame durations, has realized and existing 8M/2M pattern compatible this principle on the physical layer transmission standard.System parameters and three kinds of mode parameter comparisons are referring to table 1.
Table 1
2, physical layer frame structure and time slot are divided design
The physical layer frame structure of 4M transmission mode is a unit definition with a frame equally; Per 1 second is 1 frame; Per 1 frame is divided into 40 time slots; Wherein first time slot (time-gap number 0) is distributed to fixing control logic channel use, and the service logical channels that all the other 39 time slots (time-gap number 1～39) are distributed to by system configuration uses.The duration of each time slot is 25ms, and in each time slot, all includes 1 beacon symbols and 53 OFDM symbols.Fig. 2 provides 4M pattern physical layer frame structure time slot and divides sketch map.
3, pilot configuration design
In ofdm system; The channel estimating of receiving terminal is very important; This accomplishes through in the transmitting terminal data subcarrier, inserting pilot sub-carrier; Usually with data subcarrier and pilot sub-carrier weave in, constitute complete OFDM frequency domain symbol, thereby realize that receiving terminal effectively carries out operations such as channel estimating and compensating equalization.The present invention has designed the reference diagram of a kind of pilot sub-carrier and the star-like distribution patterns of data subcarrier for the 4M transmission mode, and is as shown in Figure 4.
Among Fig. 4 on frequency domain direction, with per 7 data subcarriers and 1 scattered pilot subcarrier totally 8 number of sub-carrier be divided into one group, every at a distance from 1 scattered pilot subcarrier of 7 data subcarriers insertions; Be that per 8 number of sub-carrier are one group equally on the time slot direction, whenever insert 1 scattered pilot subcarrier at a distance from 7 data subcarriers; Thereby form a kind of star-like pilot tone arrangement mode, and time slot direction pilot interval becomes ratio setting in 1: 1 with the value of sub-carrier frequencies direction pilot interval, make the pilot frequency design more even distribution.In order to make on the sub-carrier frequencies point in each OFDM frequency domain symbol as far as possible pilot frequency information is arranged all; Here the pilot initial position with different OFDM frequency domain symbols staggers each other; Make each sub-carrier positions in each OFDM frequency domain symbol all have an opportunity to obtain good precision of channel estimation; Thereby elevator system overall channel estimated performance and data symbol isostatic correction effect, the system that also makes have time-frequency equilibrium property and consistency that good channel is estimated.
In the 4M transmission mode, each OFDM frequency domain symbol comprises N
VIndividual effective subcarrier is considered N in conjunction with the design of 8M/2M pattern
VShould be taken as about 75% of the total number of subcarriers of present mode FFT; Consider the compromise property principle of 4M mode parameter design, the value of the total number of subcarriers of FFT should be between 2M pattern and 8M pattern in the 4M pattern, and is the base 2 power integers of the minimum that meets the demands; Therefore should be taken as 2048, then N
VShould be taken as 1540.
In these 1540 effective subcarriers of each OFDM frequency domain symbol, contain 192 scattered pilot subcarriers, 44 CP continuous pilot subcarriers, and 1304 data subcarriers.The CP continuous pilot subcarrier all is used for transmitting identical transmission indication (binary bit stream, 1 or 0) information in each OFDM frequency domain symbol; The scattered pilot subcarrier is used to accomplish channel estimating, and according to the arrangement scheme of Fig. 4, in each time slot, the Position Number m (0 is initial) of scattered pilot subcarrier satisfies following rule in n OFDM frequency domain symbol:
In the following formula, MOD (n, 8) is for getting remainder operation; The n span is that 0≤n＜53,53 are the sum of OFDM frequency domain symbol in the time slot; Integer p represents the sequence number of the scattered pilot subcarrier that adds up to 192 in the OFDM frequency domain symbol, and the p span is 0≤n≤191.
4, OFDM moulding
The modulation and demodulation process of ofdm system is relatively unique; It is to come the subcarrier of all OFDM is carried out the modulation and demodulation conversion through the IFFT/FFT algorithm; Can guarantee orthogonality relation strict between the subcarrier like this, so the modulating/demodulating of ofdm system also is known as " quadrature modulation/demodulation ".
Consider the compromise property of 4M mode parameter design; In the 4M transmission mode, the total sub-carrier number value of FFT should be between 2M pattern and 8M pattern, the base 2 power integers of the minimum that will meet the demands simultaneously; Therefore total number of subcarriers of 4M transmission mode is 2048; Wherein 1540 number of sub-carrier be evenly distributed in center frequency point around, 507 virtual subnet carrier waves are distributed in the both sides of bandwidth of operation symmetrically, constitute the spectrum structure of actual bandwidth 3.76MHz.According to FFT conversion character, subcarrier number 0～1023 is distributed between positive spectrum region, and subcarrier number 1024～2047 is distributed between negative spectrum region.The OFDM baseband frequency spectrum structure and the subcarrier allocation sketch map of 4M transmission mode are as shown in Figure 3.
5, design is inserted in Cyclic Prefix and protection at interval
Insert Cyclic Prefix (Cyclic Prefix; CP) purpose is to eliminate to greatest extent intersymbol interference (Inter-Symbol Interference; ISI); Concrete grammar be with the signal replication in the last time slot of symbol duration to symbol duration begin the place, the duration of such OFDM symbol just become FFT integration period and cyclic prefix period and.
In the 4M pattern, select the length of CP to account for 1/8 of FFT integration period, this approximately is last 256 the word symbols of IFFT integration period, and is as shown in Figure 5.
After inserting cyclic prefix CP; Also will the beginning of each symbol (or ending) locate to add respectively protection at interval (Guard Interval, GI), its purpose is to avoid producing between adjacent two symbols ISI equally; This protection can be duplicated one section useful signal at interval as CP; They also can be null symbol (Null Symbol), but it be short more a lot of than CP usually, generally selects the length of GI only to account for about 0.5%～1% of IFFT integration period; In 4M pattern of the present invention, this approximately is last 12 the word symbols of I FFT integration period.
6, other designs
Physical layer is carried out separate encoding and modulation to each physical layer logic channel; Wherein the control logic channel adopts fixing chnnel coding and modulating mode; The coding of service logical channels and modulating mode can be adjusted according to system requirements flexibly; To terminal broadcast, according to coding and modulating mode different, physical layer can provide different transmission net load service rates to configuration mode through system control information.4M pattern physical layer system net load speed is referring to table 2.
Table 2
In the table 3, selecting under identical constellation mapping+chnnel coding condition, for example selecting " BPSK+1/2 " mode, the data transmission rate of 2M pattern is merely 0.553Mbps, and the 4M pattern has higher data transmission rate, is about 1.382Mbps; " QPSK+1/2 " mode of selection, the data transmission rate of 2M pattern is 1.106Mbps, the 4M pattern is 2.763Mbps; Select alternate manner, identical Changing Pattern is also arranged.
Table 3
In the table 4; (under the data traffic transmission rate requirement of 4Mbps～8Mbps), for example select 4Mbps speed access way, the system spectrum utilance of 8M pattern approximately is merely 0.51 at identical middle and high data transfer rate; The 4M pattern has the higher availability of frequency spectrum, is about 1.02; Select 8Mbps speed access way, the system spectrum utilance of 8M pattern is 1.02, and the 4M pattern is 2.03; Select alternate manner, identical Changing Pattern is also arranged.
Table 4
The present invention is this novel 4M transmission mode to being proposed also; Carried out the analysis of Channel Transmission property comparison with the 4k transmission mode of the same type that European DVB-H is released in recent years; Two kinds of transmission modes are benchmark with identical FFT integration period (409.6 μ s), and are analogy with the subcarrier spacing of identical magnitude.Research and analyse and show that the 4M pattern has been simplified the quantity of system subcarrier, make spectrum structure compact more, thereby realize the optimization of system frequency/power resource.Notice that the average pilot that DVB-H is provided with the 4k pattern is spaced apart 12; The average pilot of 4M pattern is spaced apart 8, though this than 4k mode losses about 10% sub-carrier resources, yet brought the lifting of precision of channel estimation; Moreover the subcarrier spacing of 4M pattern has enlarged nearly 10% than 4k pattern; This makes the 4M pattern compare the abominable interference that the 4k pattern more can adapt to big Doppler frequency deviation under the multiple mobile multipath fading reception environment, and finally makes system's bit error rate be significantly reduced, among Fig. 6 and 7; Choose identical satellite and move the multidiameter fading channel model and carry out simulation analysis, the title and the implication of model are listed in the table 5.
Table 5
Simulation result shows; System's average error rate level of 4M transmission mode all is better than the 4k pattern under multiple mobile multipath fading environments; Especially when signal to noise ratio (snr) is 20dB; On average error rate of system (BER) has been reduced approximately 75%, it is more reasonable that pilot tone and the data subcarrier that shows the 4M pattern distributes, and this novel pilot configuration can also be promoted the use of in 2M and 8M pattern.At last, compare with the 4k pattern, it is about 50% that the transmitting base station average headway of 4M pattern has enlarged, and can effectively alleviate the difficulty and the density at base station construction and cloth station to a certain extent, as shown in table 6.
Table 6
The unspecified part of the present invention belongs to general knowledge as well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. the 4M transmission method of the satellite CMMB OFDM of a system system at transmitting terminal, carries out sending to receiving terminal after pilot tone insertion, OFDM moulding and the insertion Cyclic Prefix step to the data subcarrier after completion coding and the mapping; At receiving terminal, delete Cyclic Prefix, OFDM to the received signal accordingly and separate after frame and the deletion pilot tone through separating mapping and channel decoding and recover the data of transmission, it is characterized in that:
In the said pilot tone inserting step: per 8 number of sub-carrier are divided into one group, comprising 7 data subcarriers and 1 scattered pilot subcarrier; On frequency direction and time slot direction, 7 the data subcarriers in every interval insert 1 scattered pilot subcarrier respectively; Thereby on frequency domain direction, constitute an OFDM frequency domain symbol, each OFDM frequency domain symbol comprises 1540 effective subcarriers;
In the said OFDM forming step: in each OFDM frequency domain symbol, replenish 507 virtual subnet carrier waves and 1 center frequency point subcarrier; With two groups of 1540 effective subcarrier average marks; Every group 770, be arranged in the both sides of described center frequency point subcarrier symmetrically, again 507 virtual subnet carrier waves are filled in the both sides of 1540 effective subcarriers; Form 2048 total subcarriers altogether, constitute the spectrum structure of nominal bandwidth 4MHz; 2048 total subcarriers are carried out the IFFT computing, constitute an OFDM time domain moulding symbol;
In the said insertion Cyclic Prefix step: at first; Begin the place as Cyclic Prefix with what 256 last subsymbols in each OFDM time domain moulding symbol copied to OFDM time domain moulding symbol, make duration of each OFDM time domain moulding symbol equal FFT integration period and cyclic prefix period and; Then, each OFDM time domain moulding symbol begin add to protect the interval before the place with after ending place.
2. the 4M transmission method of a kind of satellite CMMB OFDM of system system as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: in each described OFDM frequency domain symbol; 192 scattered pilot subcarriers are arranged, and on time slot direction or frequency direction, pilot sub-carrier ratio at interval is 1: 1; And in the different OFDM frequency domain symbols stagger each other in the position of scattered pilot subcarrier, forms star-like pilot frequency design spread pattern.
3. the 4M transmission method of a kind of satellite CMMB OFDM of system system as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that: in the described star-like pilot frequency design spread pattern; For the Position Number m of scattered pilot subcarrier in n the OFDM frequency domain symbol in each time slot, satisfy following rule:
Wherein, MOD (n, 8) is for getting remainder operation; The n span is that 0≤n＜53,53 are the sum of OFDM frequency domain symbol in the time slot; Integer p represents the sequence number of scattered pilot subcarrier in the OFDM frequency domain symbol, and the p span is 0≤n≤191.
4. the 4M transmission method of a kind of satellite CMMB OFDM of system system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the length of said Cyclic Prefix is 1/8 of FFT integration period.
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| CN105610488A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-05-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | On-orbit compensation method for Doppler effect of inter-satellite self-homodyne coherent optical communication receiving system |
| CN105706407A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2016-06-22 | 英特尔Ip公司 | Communication station and method for communicating using minimum bandwidth units of various tone allocations for OFDMA HEW |
| CN109150442A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-01-04 | 电信科学技术研究院 | A kind of pilot frequency mapping method, terminal and the base station of uplink control channel PUCCH |
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| CN102761513A (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-10-31 | 清华大学 | Method and device for supporting real-time multi-service in OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) communication system |
| CN105706407A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2016-06-22 | 英特尔Ip公司 | Communication station and method for communicating using minimum bandwidth units of various tone allocations for OFDMA HEW |
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| CN109150442A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-01-04 | 电信科学技术研究院 | A kind of pilot frequency mapping method, terminal and the base station of uplink control channel PUCCH |
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