CN102419734A - Method and device for storing data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for storing data, which is used for improving the utilization rate of the memory space. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring a request of storing the data and acquiring the data which needs to be stored from the request; determining the data level of the data which needs to be stored according to a logical storage address of the data which needs to be stored, which is contained in the request, and according to a corresponding relation between the logical storage address and the level, wherein the data level is set according to the fault-tolerant capability of the data; and storing the data which needs to be stored into a storage block corresponding to the level. The invention also discloses a device for implementing the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computing machine and built-in field, particularly relate to the method and the device of data storage.
Background technology
NAND type flash memory (Nandflash) is a kind of of flash memory, and it is inner to adopt non-linear macroelement pattern, for the realization of solid-state large-capacity internal memory provides cheap effective solution.The Nandflash storer has advantages such as capacity is bigger, and rewriting speed is fast, is applicable to the storage of mass data, thereby has in the industry cycle obtained application more and more widely, like USB flash disk of comprising digital camera, walkman memory card, advantages of small volume in the embedded product etc.Nandflash is that unit carries out erase operation with the piece.The write operation of flash memory must be carried out at white space, if there have been data the target area, must wipe afterwards earlier and write, so erase operation is the basic operation of flash memory.
Because the data of depositing among the Nand-flash is more, the structure relative complex, the also corresponding increase of the probability of makeing mistakes will make program and file resource be easy to destroyed like this.Nandflash can detect it when dispatching from the factory in the prior art, and the quantity based on error bit in the piece (bit) has been divided into piece and bad piece with piece.Good piece is meant the piece that can be used to store data, and bad piece is meant the piece that can not be used to store data.Be used to the to separate the sheep from the goats error bit quantity threshold value of piece, if establish lessly, then the quantity of good piece can be fewer, and just available storage space will be very little, and quite a few storage space can't use, and influences operating factor of memory space.If establish greatlyyer, then in the reading and writing data process, can obtain wrong data, will influence the operation of system when serious.Because Nandflash is in long use, the quantity of error bit can increase in the piece, and in order to prevent the influence to data, error bit quantity threshold value is all established obviously lowlyer, influences operating factor of memory space.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of method and device of data storage, is used to improve operating factor of memory space.
A kind of method of data storage may further comprise the steps:
Receive the request of storage data, and from this request, need to obtain the data of storage;
The data level of the data that store need to be confirmed in the logical storage address of the data of the need storage that comprises according to described request, and according to the corresponding relation of logical storage address and grade; Data level is to set according to the fault-tolerant ability of data;
The data storage of need storage is arrived the storage block corresponding with data level.
A kind of device that is used for data storage comprises:
Interface module is used to receive the request of storage data, and from this request, need to obtain the data of storage;
Processing module; The logical storage address of the data that the need that are used for comprising according to described request are stored; Reach corresponding relation according to logical storage address and grade, definite data level that needs the data of storage, and the data storage that will store is to the storage block corresponding with data level; Data level is to set according to the fault-tolerant ability of data;
Storage block in the memory module is used to store data.
A kind of device that is used for data storage comprises:
File manager; Be used to receive the request of storage data, and from this request, need obtain the data of storage, and the logical storage address of the data of the need storage that comprises according to described request; Reach corresponding relation, definite data level that needs the data of storage according to logical storage address and grade; Data level is to set according to the fault-tolerant ability of data;
Driver is used for the data storage of need storage is arrived the storage block corresponding with data level.
The embodiment of the invention is divided into a plurality of grades with data and storage block, searches corresponding data level according to the logical address of the data of need storages, again according to data level with data storage to corresponding storage block.According to the fault-tolerant ability of data, the data storage of different pieces of information grade is in different good pieces.Because data and storage block have been carried out classification; And do corresponding storage; Then can set the threshold value between piece and the bad piece according to the maximum fault-tolerant ability of data, rather than set the threshold value between piece and the bad piece like the fault-tolerant ability of equalization according to data in the prior art, then present embodiment can be established the threshold value between good piece and the bad piece higher; Can be higher than threshold value commonly used in the prior art, to improve the utilization factor of storage block.And,, the data storage of different data levels in corresponding storage block, is reduced the influence that misdata is brought according to the fault-tolerant ability of data.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the main method process flow diagram of data storage in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the detailed method process flow diagram of data storage in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the method flow diagram that embodiment of the invention file manager and driver are realized data storage;
Fig. 4 is the structural drawing of device 400 in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the primary structure figure of device 500 in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the detailed structure view of device 500 in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the invention is divided into a plurality of grades with data and storage block, searches corresponding data level according to the logical address of the data of need storages, again according to data level with data storage to corresponding storage block.The data level of data comprises two at least, and storage block is Three Estate at least, the corresponding bad piece of a storage level of storage block, at least two corresponding good pieces of storage level.Fault-tolerant ability according to data; The data storage of different pieces of information grade is in different good pieces; Can set the threshold value between piece and the bad piece according to the maximum fault-tolerant ability of data like this, rather than set the threshold value between piece and the bad piece according to the fault-tolerant ability of equalization of data, then present embodiment can be established the threshold value between good piece and the bad piece higher; Can be higher than threshold value commonly used in the prior art, to improve the utilization factor of storage block.And,, the data storage of different data levels in corresponding storage block, is reduced the influence that misdata is brought according to the fault-tolerant ability of data.
Referring to Fig. 1, the main method flow process of data storage is following in the present embodiment:
Step 101: receive the request of storage data, and from this request, need to obtain the data of storage.
Step 102: the logical storage address of the data of the need storage that comprises according to described request, and according to the corresponding relation of logical storage address and grade, need to confirm the data level of the data that store.Data level is to set according to the fault-tolerant ability of data.Data comprise system data (like operating system and other software program etc.), text data (like note and telephone directory etc.) and multi-medium data (like picture, music and video etc.) etc. in the present embodiment.The fault-tolerant ability of system data is minimum, and the fault-tolerant ability of multi-medium data is the highest.Data level is an example with 3 grades, and the data level of system data is 0, and the data level of text data is 1, and the data level of audio, video data is 2.
Step 103: the data storage that will store is to the storage block corresponding with grade.
Referring to Fig. 2, the detailed method flow process of data storage is following in the present embodiment:
Step 201: obtain the request of storage data.
Step 202: the data that from this request, need to obtain storage.
Step 203: the logical storage address of the data of the need storage that comprises according to described request, and, confirm to need store the data level of data according to the corresponding relation of logical storage address and grade.In embedded system, the common corresponding different files folder of data of different types, just corresponding different logical address.For the self-built file of user, though the actual type of the data of wherein depositing maybe be different, from thinking the data of same type in logic.Can be data grade of the self-built file default configuration of user,, select a data grade by the user perhaps for the user provides interface.
Step 204: confirm the storage level corresponding with data level.Storage level is to set according to the error bit number of storage block; Data level is corresponding one by one with storage level, and the highest corresponding error bit of data level of fault-tolerant ability is counted scope time big storage level.
Step 205: the data storage that will store is to the corresponding pairing storage block of storage level.
Preferable, the setting of storage level also will be according to the error correcting capability of the error correction algorithm that storage block adopted.Error bit is counted the big and error bit of scope time and is counted error bit between the scope maximum and count the maximal value that dividing value is no more than the bit number of correcting a mistake of the error correction algorithm that storage block adopts.For example; The maximal value of the bit number of correcting a mistake of error correction algorithm is 16 bits; The error bit number of considering nandflash storage block in long-term use can increase; In order to reduce of the influence of this situation, can error bit be counted time big and error bit of scope and count error bit between the scope maximum and count dividing value and be made as 12 bits data.It is as shown in table 1 that error bit is counted the instance of corresponding relation of scope and storage level:
Table 1
| Error bit is counted scope t | Storage level |
| 0≤t＜3 | 0 |
| 3≤t＜8 | 1 |
| 8≤t＜12 | 2 |
| 12≤t | 3 |
Because only divided piece and bad piece in the prior art, the maximal value of the bit number of correcting a mistake of error correction algorithm is an example with 16 bits, the threshold value between its good piece and the bad piece is made as 8 bits usually.The scheme that adopts present embodiment to provide can be set to the 10-14 bit, apparently higher than 8 bits of prior art, has improved the utilization factor of storage block.And in the prior art with data storage in good piece, and do not do any differentiation, exist the data storage that this fault-tolerant ability of software data is lower to errors in the such storage block of 6,7 bits, cause running software to be made mistakes and maybe can't move.And present embodiment data storage that system program and this fault-tolerant ability of software data is lower is no more than the errors of 2 bits to the storage block of 0 storage level, has obviously reduced the influence to software and system's operation.With looking this fault-tolerant ability of audio frequency than the storage block of higher data storage to 2 storage level, verification is incorrect even the data of several bits are arranged, and can not impact system yet, and the user also is difficult to discover.
The instance of the corresponding relation of data grade and storage level is as shown in table 2:
Table 2
Present embodiment is that data are provided with data level, so need improve file manager.And, according to storage level data storage is arrived corresponding storage block, so need improve to driver.In addition, the management block of nandflash (as with first storage block as management block) in need the corresponding relation of each storage block of storage and storage level.Below in conjunction with file manager and driver the storing process of data is introduced.
Referring to Fig. 3, present embodiment file manager and driver realize that the method flow of data storage is following:
Step 301: file manager obtains the request of storage data.
Step 302: file manager need to obtain the data of storage from this request.
Step 303: file manager need to confirm the logical storage address of storage data according to described request.
Step 304: file manager need to confirm the data level of storage data according to the corresponding relation of logical storage address and grade.
Step 305: driver need to obtain data, logical storage address and the data level of storage from file manager.
Step 306: driver is confirmed the storage level corresponding with data level.
Step 307: driver will be stored data storage to the corresponding pairing storage block of storage level.Can also write down the corresponding relation of logical storage address and actual storage address.
Along with the use of nandflash, but the storage level of regular update storage block.The Nandflash controller is at every turn the nandflash Shi Junke that reads and writes data being carried out verification to the data of read-write, as adopting bug check and correction (ECC) algorithm, and the error bit number of the storage block that obtains to be correlated with.Driver can all obtain the error bit number from the Nandflash controller at every turn when reading and writing data; And whether the error bit number of judging storage block exceeds the pairing error bit of its current storage level and counts scope; If; Then upgrade the corresponding storage level of this storage block, and the storage level after will upgrading writes in the management block of Nandflash, otherwise do not upgrade according to the error bit number of this acquisition.Perhaps; (as per 3 months) of drive periodic property obtain the error bit number from the Nandflash controller; And whether the error bit number of judging storage block exceeds the pairing error bit of its current storage level and counts scope; If then the error bit number according to this acquisition upgrades the corresponding storage level of this storage block, otherwise does not upgrade.
Understood the implementation procedure of data storage through above description, this process can be realized by device, introduces in the face of the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of this device down.
Referring to Fig. 4, the device 400 that is used for data storage in the present embodiment comprises: file manager 401 and driver 402.
File manager 401 is used to obtain to store the request of data, and from this request, need to obtain the data of storage, and definite data level that needs the data of storage; Data level is to set according to the fault-tolerant ability of data.Concrete, the logical storage address of the data that the need that file manager 401 comprises according to described request are stored reaches the corresponding relation according to logical storage address and grade, definite data level that needs the data of storage.
Driver 402 is used for the data storage of need storage is arrived the storage block corresponding with grade.Concrete, driver 402 is confirmed the storage level corresponding with data level, and the data storage that will store is to the corresponding pairing storage block of storage level.The bit number that driver 402 also is used for according to the error correction of nandflash controller judges whether the corresponding storage level of this storage block of needs adjustment, being judged as when being, according to the corresponding storage level of this storage block of bit number adjustment of error correction.
File manager 401 specifically can be realized by CPU with driver 402, is used for the device 500 of data storage below in conjunction with the hardware configuration introduction, and referring to shown in Figure 5, it comprises interface module 501, processing module 502 and memory module 503.
Storage block in the memory module 503 is used to store data.Memory module 503 can be the storer like pieces such as nandflash (block) formula structure.
Storage level is to set according to the error bit number of storage block; Data level is corresponding one by one with storage level, and the highest corresponding error bit of data level of fault-tolerant ability is counted scope time big storage level.Error bit is counted the big and error bit of scope time and is counted error bit between the scope maximum and count the maximal value that dividing value is no more than the bit number of correcting a mistake of the error correction algorithm that storage block adopts.
The embodiment of the invention is divided into a plurality of grades with data and storage block, and the data level of data comprises two at least, and storage block is Three Estate at least, the corresponding bad piece of a storage level of storage block, the corresponding good piece of other storage level.Fault-tolerant ability according to data; The data storage of different pieces of information grade is in different good pieces; Can set the threshold value between piece and the bad piece according to the maximum fault-tolerant ability of data like this, rather than set the threshold value between piece and the bad piece according to the fault-tolerant ability of equalization of data, then present embodiment can be established the threshold value between good piece and the bad piece higher; Can be higher than threshold value commonly used in the prior art, to improve the utilization factor of storage block.And,, the data storage of different data levels in corresponding storage block, is reduced the influence that misdata is brought according to the fault-tolerant ability of data.Preferable, the embodiment of the invention is provided with storage level according to the error correcting capability of error correction algorithm, can avoid data to make mistakes basically, thus the various influences of avoiding misdata to cause.And the embodiment of the invention can also realize dynamically updating of storage level that storage block is corresponding.
Those skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of the invention can be provided as method, system or computer program.Therefore, the present invention can adopt the form of the embodiment of complete hardware embodiment, complete software implementation example or combination software and hardware aspect.And the present invention can be employed in the form that one or more computer-usable storage medium (including but not limited to magnetic disk memory and optical memory etc.) that wherein include computer usable program code go up the computer program of implementing.
The present invention is that reference is described according to the process flow diagram and/or the block scheme of method, equipment (system) and the computer program of the embodiment of the invention.Should understand can be by the flow process in each flow process in computer program instructions realization flow figure and/or the block scheme and/or square frame and process flow diagram and/or the block scheme and/or the combination of square frame.Can provide these computer program instructions to the processor of multi-purpose computer, special purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, make the instruction of carrying out through the processor of computing machine or other programmable data processing device produce to be used for the device of the function that is implemented in flow process of process flow diagram or a plurality of flow process and/or square frame of block scheme or a plurality of square frame appointments.
These computer program instructions also can be stored in ability vectoring computer or the computer-readable memory of other programmable data processing device with ad hoc fashion work; Make the instruction that is stored in this computer-readable memory produce the manufacture that comprises command device, this command device is implemented in the function of appointment in flow process of process flow diagram or a plurality of flow process and/or square frame of block scheme or a plurality of square frame.
These computer program instructions also can be loaded on computing machine or other programmable data processing device; Make on computing machine or other programmable devices and to carry out the sequence of operations step producing computer implemented processing, thereby the instruction of on computing machine or other programmable devices, carrying out is provided for being implemented in the step of the function of appointment in flow process of process flow diagram or a plurality of flow process and/or square frame of block scheme or a plurality of square frame.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, belong within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof if of the present invention these are revised with modification, then the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.
Claims (11)
1. the method for a data storage is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Receive the request of storage data, and from this request, need to obtain the data of storage;
The logical storage address of the data of the need storage that comprises according to described request, and according to the corresponding relation of logical storage address and grade, need confirming the data level of the data of storage, data level is according to the fault-tolerant ability setting of data;
The data storage of need storage is arrived the storage block corresponding with data level.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the data storage of the need storages step to the storage block corresponding with said data level is comprised:
Confirm the storage level corresponding with data level;
With the data storage of need storages to the pairing storage block of the storage level of determining.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, storage level is to set according to the error bit number of storage block; Data level is corresponding one by one step by step with storage level, and the highest corresponding error bit of data level of fault-tolerant ability is counted scope time big storage level.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, error bit is counted the big and error bit of scope time and counted error bit between the scope maximum and count the maximal value that dividing value is no more than the bit number of correcting a mistake of the error correction algorithm that storage block adopts.
5. like each described method in the claim 1 to 4; It is characterized in that; Also comprise step: the data to storage are carried out verification, obtain error bit number in the storage block, judge whether the corresponding storage level of this storage block of needs adjustment according to the error bit number; Be judged as when being, according to the corresponding storage level of this storage block of error bit number adjustment.
6. a device that is used for data storage is characterized in that, comprising:
Interface module is used to receive the request of storage data, and from this request, need to obtain the data of storage;
Processing module; The logical storage address of the data that the need that are used for comprising based on described request are stored; And the corresponding relation of logic-based memory address and grade; Confirm to need the data level of the data of storage, and the storage that will store arrives the memory block corresponding with data level, data level is according to the fault-tolerant ability setting of data;
Storage block in the memory module is used to store data.
7. device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, processing module is confirmed the storage level corresponding with data level, and the data storage that will store is to the pairing storage block of the storage level of determining.
8. device as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, storage level is to set according to the error bit number of storage block; Data level is corresponding one by one step by step with storage level, and the highest corresponding error bit of data level of fault-tolerant ability is counted scope time big storage level.
9. device as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, error bit is counted the big and error bit of scope time and counted error bit between the scope maximum and count the maximal value that dividing value is no more than the bit number of correcting a mistake of the error correction algorithm that storage block adopts.
10. device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises: control module, be used for the data of storage are carried out verification, and obtain error bit number in the storage block;
Processing module also is used for judging whether the corresponding storage level of this memory block of needs adjustment based on the error bit number, being judged as when being, based on the corresponding storage level of this memory block of error bit number adjustment.
11. a device that is used for data storage is characterized in that, comprising:
File manager; Be used to receive the request of storage data; And from this request, to need the data of storage, and the logical storage address of the data of the need storage that comprises according to described request, and according to the corresponding relation of logical storage address and grade; Definite data level that needs the data of storage, data level are to set according to the fault-tolerant ability of data;
Driver is used for the data storage of need storage is arrived the storage block corresponding with grade.
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| CN103942146A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-07-23 | 上海斐讯数据通信技术有限公司 | Visual Monkey test method and device |
| CN105512337A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-20 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Data management method and storage device |
| CN107463506A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-12-12 | 积成电子股份有限公司 | A kind of data storage and management method of electric energy meter |
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| CN113778340A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-10 | 深圳大学 | Data storage method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| WO2023077762A1 (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2023-05-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | Allocation method and apparatus for data storage space |
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