CN102417965B - Post-forging heat treatment process for 45Cr4NiMoV alloy steel large back-up rolls of rolling mills - Google Patents
Post-forging heat treatment process for 45Cr4NiMoV alloy steel large back-up rolls of rolling mills Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of large forging heat treatment processes, and mainly relates to a post-forging heat treatment process for 45Cr4NiMoV alloy steel large back-up rolls of rolling mills. A forged back-up roll is cooled to 400 DEG C to 500 DEG C by the air and put into a furnace, and the material temperature in the heat treatment furnace is not lower than 600 DEG C; a high-temperature normalizing plus low-temperature normalizing plus spheroidizing annealing plus high-temperature tempering process is adopted, and air cooling is carried out. The adopted post-forging heat treatment process disclosed by the invention is characterized in that: crystalline grains are thinned; the structure is regulated, so that the network structure is removed; the carbon segregation of the upper part of the large steel ingot is considerable, temperature higher than Ac1 is kept for a long time, consequently, part of carbide is remelted, the remaining unmelted carbide is spheroidized, and a granular pearlite structure is obtained during cooling; consequently, the structure toughness is high, and structure preparation is done for the next step of heat treatment; and fish eyes are prevented.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to heavy forging thermal treatment process technology field, what relate generally to is the large-scale supporting roll forging of a kind of milling train 45Cr4NiMoV steel alloy postheat treatment technique.
Background technology
Large-scale support roll generally is used for key and the core position of large-sized strip rolling equipment, to be used for supporting working roll or intermediate roll in milling train, affecting the vitals of strip shape quality in order to prevent working roll from deflection deformation occurring when rolling, is the basic part of large-scale cold rolling, equipment of hot rolling.
To future developments such as automatization, high precision, the controls of high-quality plate shape, rolling condition is more and more harsher, improves rolling efficiency, reduces rolling cost, guarantees that quality product becomes distinct issues along with milling train.
Bear for a long time large load when rolling, easily cause skimming wear and roll breakage, the main failure forms of hot-rolling supporting roll is: 1. 30～50mm place, position, support roll both sides of the edge, be subjected to easily to produce stress concentration under the effect of local repeated load, and cause the part to fall the generation of piece phenomenon; 2. support roll in use, often shows as surface abrasion serious, the problem of wear resistance deficiency occurs.The major cause that the analytical table surface wear lost efficacy is when working under heavy lift, alternating hot and cold state, be subjected to the impact that changes of rolling steel grade, add the segregation of part mother metal composition and the defective on manufacturing process, make the roller surface part very easily produce the residual stress concentrations of certain depth.As time goes on, extended to gradually the lamellar tearing of local aspect by point, finally cause large-area disengaging.
In the roll product, support roll is the kind that size is large, weight is large, manufacture difficulty is large, and state of the art requires very high.The performance characteristic of support roll is: body surface hardness is high, uniformity of hardness good, body of roll hardened depth, and roll neck and body of roll core have good obdurability.
As the vitals of milling train, the requirement of support roll is also improved constantly, require support roll to have high wear resistance, resistance to fracture, antistripping.Especially higher requirement has been proposed in the aspects such as large-scale Material Used in Supporting Roll, hardness of roll body, homogeneity, hardenability, unrelieved stress.
Therefore, support roll should possess following main characteristic usually:
(1) have very high hardening capacity and high wear resistance, require the surface hardening layer depth to reach 50～80mm;
(2) support roll inside has fine and close tissue and good anti-accident;
(3) have the ability of the very strong surperficial shearing stress under the repeated stress effect, peel off preventing;
(4) have high strength, stable rigidity.
Large-scale support roll forge weight generally at tens to up to a hundred tons, needs use the large-scale steel ingot forging.Early stage plate mill support roll adopts 60CrMnMo and 50CrNiMo material, develops into afterwards 70Cr3Mo, 70Cr3NiMo, is applicable to the less support roll of hardness.Due to the higher increase along with steel ingot of material carbon content, carbon and segregation are larger, and carbide network or mixed grain structure have inevitably appearred in the support roll core, and the supporting roll center toughness reduces, and anti-accident ability descends, and has affected use properties.Due to alloying element, especially carbide forming element content is low, and the wear resistance of steel is reduced; In addition, along with the maximization of metallurgical equipment, the large-scale support roll that market in urgent need φ 1500mm is above, materials such as 70Cr3Mo can not satisfy large-scale support roll requirements of one's work.The trend of heavy mill Material Used in Supporting Roll development is to reduce carbon content, increase Cr content, carbon content is between 0.4～0.6%, and Cr content is brought up between 4-5%, the V element that adds trace comes refinement supporting roll centre section crystal grain, its objective is the depth of hardening zone that improves steel by improving Cr content.Because network content is high, form the M that a large amount of hardness are high and disperse distributes
7C
3The type carbide has good hardening capacity simultaneously, thereby improves wear resistance, antistripping ability and the comprehensive mechanical performance of roll, satisfies the job requirement of heavy mill.
---------vacuum-casting---forges---forging postheat treatment---roughing---ultrasonic inspection---conditioning heat treatment---semi-finishing---final thermal treatment---precision work---ultrasonic inspection to ladle refining to large-scale support roll manufacturing process flow: get the raw materials ready in thick refining.
Traditional thermal treatment process:
The thermal treatment of support roll is divided into two portions: first part is for forging postheat treatment.Forge fed to boiler and usually treat the material insulation at 600～650 ℃, then directly heat up.Adopt 1 time normalizing treatment.Its objective is crystal grain thinning, uniform formation, eliminate carbide network, remove hydrogen, prevent that white point from producing, and obtains satisfied spherodized structure.
Second section is final thermal treatment.Usually adopt differential heating mode, body of roll spray cooling during quenching, roll neck air cooling.After body of roll tempering is completed again with body of roll ladle cover, to the roll neck tempering.Its objective is the differential heating of the breaker roll body of roll before roller surface quenches, make after quench treatment and obtain different tissues inside and outside workpiece, namely guarantee the hardness of roll working lining, guarantee again intensity and the toughness of roll integral body.
The weak point that the tradition of support roll is forged the existence of postheat treatment technique is:
(1) forge fed to boiler and usually treat the material insulation at 600～650 ℃, then directly heat up, heart section lowers the temperature very slowly like this, and austenitic transformation is insufficient.
(2) forge the rear heat treatment mode that adopts 1 normalizing (normalizing+Spheroidizing Annealing+tempering), abundant not to the support roll crystal grain thinning.For larger or especially big support roll,, as-cast structure coarse grains relatively poor due to smelting condition, ingot casting cooling conditions, segregation are serious, and forging deformation is more difficult, inner crystal grain is relatively thick, need increase a normalizing and once excessively cold, make more refinement of matrix, carry out tissue for the thermal treatment of lower road and mechanical workout operation and prepare, this moment be organized as the compact grained globular pearlite.
Tradition for support roll is forged the deficiency that postheat treatment technique exists, and the present invention proposes following process modification.
Summary of the invention
Often exist significant uneven chemical components, diversified tissue defects and too high obnoxious flavour content in large-scale support roll forging.Asynchronism, ununiformity due to large-scale support roll forging deformation in forging process are different with the recrystallize degree, coarse grain and the mixed crystal phenomenon of 1 ~ 2 grade may appear in the forging blank, therefore must heat-treat and improve internal defects and weave construction, also can eliminate forging stress adjustment tissue and homogeneity, prevent white point.
Purpose of the present invention is namely to propose the large-scale support roll thermal treatment process of a kind of milling train 45Cr4NiMoV steel alloy, satisfies high rigidity and the good comprehensive mechanical performance requirement of large-scale support roll.
The material of described support roll is 45Cr4NiMoV; The Chemical Composition of the material of support roll is: C:0.4-0.5, Si:0.4-0.7, Mn:0.6-0.8, Mo:0.4-0.7, Cr:3.4-4.5, Ni:0.4-0.6, V:0.05-0.15, S :≤0.015, P :≤0.015.
The phase critical point of Material Used in Supporting Roll, Ac1:784 ℃, Ac3:859 ℃.
---------vacuum-casting---forges---forging postheat treatment---roughing---ultrasonic inspection---conditioning heat treatment---semi-finishing---final thermal treatment---precision work---ultrasonic inspection to ladle refining to described large-scale support roll manufacturing process flow: get the raw materials ready in thick refining.
The forging postheat treatment craft technical feature of the large-scale support roll of milling train 45Cr4NiMoV steel alloy of the present invention is as follows:
(1) forge after air cooling to 400～450 ℃ enter stove, lower than 600～650 ℃ of traditional charging temperatures, heat treatment furnace treats that the material temperature degree is not less than 600 ℃; Be conducive to shorten soaking time as early as possible with the fully excessively cold pearlitic structure that changes into of blank heart section's austenite, then carry out the recrystallization refinement with very fast rate of heating reaustenitizing, then the air cooling that continues carry out normalizing;
(2) adopt high temperature normalizing+cryogenic normalizing+Spheroidizing Annealing+high-temperature tempering process, air cooling;
(a) high temperature normalizing
To support after roll forging air cooling to 400～450 and ℃ enter stove; Heat treatment furnace treats that the material temperature degree is not less than 600 ℃, is incubated 18～22 hours, makes support roll core and surface temperature even; Slowly be warming up to 890～930 ℃, temperature rise rate is incubated 18～20 hours less than or equal to 70～80 ℃/h, hangs lower chassis air cooling, carries out stove behind air cooling to 400～450 ℃ cold, and stove is chilled to 300～350 ℃, is incubated 30～35 hours;
The 45Cr4NiMoV steel is the high quality steel hypereutectoid steel, through high temperature normalizing obtain more, organize thinner pearlitic structure, improved the mechanical property of steel alloy, crystal grain thinning has been eliminated the netted tissue of cementite, carries out tissue for next step thermal treatment and prepares.
(b) cryogenic normalizing
Be incubated and slowly be warming up to 640～680 ℃ after 30～35 hours, temperature rise rate is incubated 18～22 hours less than or equal to 50～60 ℃/h; Be warming up to 870～920 ℃, temperature rise rate is incubated 25～30 hours less than or equal to 70～80 ℃/h; Hang lower chassis air cooling, carry out stove behind air cooling to 400～450 ℃ cold, stove is chilled to 300～350 ℃, is incubated 30～35 hours;
(c) Spheroidizing Annealing
The thickness impact that the height of Spheroidizing Annealing Heating temperature and the speed of speed of cooling are organized after on nodularization is very large.With the support roll after cryogenic normalizing, heating slowly is warming up to 790～830 ℃, and the speed of intensification is less than or equal to 50～60 ℃/h, and soaking time 40～45 hours is carried out the cold mode Slow cooling of stove; Carry out to make the carbide englobement after spheroidizing, thereby guarantee to bear in modified process fierce cooling and do not ftracture.Hypereutectoid steel is after Spheroidizing Annealing, and sheet globular cementite (comprising the secondary cementite in perlite) becomes nodular cementite, forms more stable, uniform spherodized structure, and its hardness ratio lamellar pearlite is low.
(d) high tempering
After Spheroidizing Annealing, be chilled to 620～660 ℃ in stove, be incubated 100～120 hours; When slowly cooling to 150 ℃, come out of the stove.Cooling speed is different in the Slow cooling process, is being cooled to before 400 ℃, and rate of cooling is less than or equal to 30 ℃/h, 400 ℃ to the front rate of cooling of coming out of the stove be 15 ℃/h.After high tempering was processed, existing high breakdown point and yield strength had again enough plasticity and toughness, therefore have high comprehensive mechanical property.
Large-scale support roll forging steel ingot size is larger, and crystallisation process is slow, thereby cast structure is extremely thick, and chemical composition and microstructure segregation are serious.In forging process, because the forging cycle is long, heating times is many, and rate of heating is slow, and long in the high-temperature area residence time, deformation distribution is inhomogeneous, makes the heavy forging coarse grains, and homogeneity of structure is poor.Due to the final quenching of a support roll heating surface certain depth, the former forging postheat treatment state of roll centre section's maintenance, and the anti-fracture energy of the core structure of large-scale support roll and performance breaker roll has decisive influence.
45Cr4NiMoV steel of the present invention is the high quality steel hypereutectoid steel, be heated to 1100～1200 ℃ before forging, the element such as C and Cr is solid-solubilized in single-phase austenite fully, the a large amount of proeutectoid carbide of intercrystalline precipitation when forging rear Slow cooling, and the carbide network Distribution Phenomena appears, carries out afterwards perlitic transformation and produces the sheet perlite.If carbide network appears in forging heart section, be difficult to eliminate fully in subsequent heat treatment, so the final forging temperature that should strictly control roller stock between 800～850 ℃, and after forging, roller stock should be forced coolingly immediately, suppresses the carbide network net and forms.
Treat after the supporting roll forging that the material insulation makes heart section and surface temperature substantially even, be incubated the regular hour after being warming up to austenitizing temperature, consider that the cross section is larger, hang lower chassis air cooling after heat treatment normalizing, adopt the fan forced air-cooling, make tissue fully be decomposed into the mixture of ferrite+carbide by austenite, this not only is conducive to precipitation and the diffusion of hydrogen, and is conducive to adjustment and the refinement of crystal grain.Carry out to make the carbide englobement after spheroidizing, thereby guarantee to bear in modified process fierce cooling and do not ftracture.Higher tempering temperature can reduce structural transformation stress and improve the dehydrogenation effect, guarantees that there is not white point in roll inside and reduces workpiece hardness, is conducive to machining.
The Main Function of forging postheat treatment is:
(1). crystal grain thinning.After adopting and forge, the present invention enters the stove insulation at 400～450 ℃, be conducive to shorten soaking time as early as possible with the fully excessively cold pearlitic structure that changes into of blank heart section's austenite, then carry out the recrystallization refinement with very fast rate of heating reaustenitizing, then the air cooling that continues carries out normalizing.
(2). adjust tissue and eliminate reticulattion.Large-scale steel ingot top carbon also segregation is quite large, is incubated for a long time in the above temperature of Ac1, makes the carbide portion back dissolving, and residue Undissolving carbide generation nodularization gets the granular pearlite tissue when cooling.Organize like this good toughness, carried out tissue for next step thermal treatment and prepared.
(3). prevent white point.The mechanism that white point and hydrogen embrittlement produce is the symphyogenetic result of stress and hydrogen.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
Described large-scale support roll refers to that roll diameter is more than or equal to the support roll more than φ 1500mm.
Provide the embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is illustrated, but do not consist of any limitation of the invention.
Described large-scale support roll manufacturing process flow: get the raw materials ready---thick refining---ladle refining------roughing---ultrasonic inspection---conditioning heat treatment (quenching+high tempering)---semi-finishing---ultrasonic inspection---packing that vacuum-casting---forging---is forged postheat treatment (adopting high temperature normalizing+cryogenic normalizing+Spheroidizing Annealing+high-temperature tempering process, air cooling).
Example: the large-scale supporting roll forging of 45Cr4NiMoV steel alloy postheat treatment technique
The support roll specification is: roll diameter φ 1750
The large-scale support roll thermal treatment process of milling train 45Cr4NiMoV steel alloy comprises forges postheat treatment technique, conditioning heat treatment, final thermal treatment.Wherein forging the postheat treatment technical process is:
(1) forge after air cooling to 400～450 ℃ enter stove, heat treatment furnace treats that the material temperature degree is not less than 600 ℃; Be conducive to shorten soaking time as early as possible with the fully excessively cold pearlitic structure that changes into of blank heart section's austenite, then carry out the recrystallization refinement with very fast rate of heating reaustenitizing, then the air cooling that continues carry out normalizing;
(2) adopt high temperature normalizing+cryogenic normalizing+Spheroidizing Annealing+high-temperature tempering process, air cooling;
(a) high temperature normalizing
To support after roll forging air cooling to 400～450 and ℃ enter stove; Heat treatment furnace treats that the material temperature degree is not less than 600 ℃, is incubated 20 hours, makes support roll core and surface temperature even; Slowly be warming up to 890 ~ 900 ± 10 ℃, temperature rise rate is less than or equal to 80 ℃/h,, be incubated 20 hours, hang lower chassis air cooling, carry out stove behind air cooling to 400 ~ 450 ℃ cold, stove is chilled to 300 ~ 350 ℃, is incubated 35 hours;
(b) cryogenic normalizing
Be incubated and slowly be warming up to 650 ~ 670 ℃ after 35 hours, temperature rise rate is incubated 20 hours less than or equal to 60 ℃/h; Be warming up to 870～890 ℃, temperature rise rate is incubated 26 hours less than or equal to 80 ℃/h; Hang lower chassis air cooling, carry out stove behind air cooling to 400～450 ℃ cold, stove is chilled to 300～350 ℃, is incubated 35 hours;
(c) Spheroidizing Annealing
Support roll after cryogenic normalizing slowly is warming up to 790～830 ℃, and the speed of intensification is incubated 45 hours less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, carries out stove cold;
(d) high tempering
After Spheroidizing Annealing, stove is chilled to 620～660 ℃, is incubated 100～120 hours; When slowly cooling to less than or equal to 150 ℃, come out of the stove, cooling speed is different in the Slow cooling process, is being cooled to before 400 ℃, and rate of cooling is less than or equal to 30 ℃/h, 400 ℃ to the front rate of cooling of coming out of the stove be 15 ℃/h.After high tempering was processed, existing high breakdown point and yield strength had again enough plasticity and toughness, therefore have high comprehensive mechanical property.
Claims (1)
1. the forging postheat treatment technique of the large-scale support roll of milling train 45Cr4NiMoV steel alloy is characterized in that:
Adopt high temperature normalizing+cryogenic normalizing+Spheroidizing Annealing+high-temperature tempering process, air cooling;
(a) high temperature normalizing
To support after roll forging air cooling to 400～450 and ℃ enter stove; Heat treatment furnace treats that the material temperature degree is not less than 600 ℃, is incubated 18～22 hours, makes support roll core and surface temperature even; Slowly be warming up to 890～930 ℃, temperature rise rate is 70～80 ℃/h, is incubated 18～20 hours, hangs lower chassis air cooling, carries out stove behind air cooling to 400～450 ℃ cold, and stove is chilled to 300～350 ℃, is incubated 30～35 hours;
(b) cryogenic normalizing
Be incubated and slowly be warming up to 640～680 ℃ after 30～35 hours, temperature rise rate is 50～60 ℃/h, is incubated 18～22 hours; Be warming up to 870～920 ℃, temperature rise rate is 70～80 ℃/h, is incubated 25～30 hours; Hang lower chassis air cooling, carry out stove behind air cooling to 400～450 ℃ cold, stove is chilled to 300～350 ℃, is incubated 30～35 hours;
(c) Spheroidizing Annealing
With the support roll after cryogenic normalizing, heating slowly is warming up to 790～830 ℃, and the speed of intensification is 50～60 ℃/h, and soaking time 40～45 hours is carried out the cold mode Slow cooling of stove;
(d) high tempering
After Spheroidizing Annealing, be chilled to 620～660 ℃ in stove, be incubated 100～120 hours; When slowly cooling to 150 ℃, come out of the stove; Cooling speed is different in the Slow cooling process, is being cooled to before 400 ℃, and rate of cooling is 30 ℃/h, 400 ℃ to the front rate of cooling of coming out of the stove be 15 ℃/h.
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