CN102403407A - Manufacturing method for back contact type silicon solar cell - Google Patents
Manufacturing method for back contact type silicon solar cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN102403407A CN102403407A CN2011103741191A CN201110374119A CN102403407A CN 102403407 A CN102403407 A CN 102403407A CN 2011103741191 A CN2011103741191 A CN 2011103741191A CN 201110374119 A CN201110374119 A CN 201110374119A CN 102403407 A CN102403407 A CN 102403407A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method for a back contact type silicon solar cell, which comprises the following steps of: (1) etching textures on the light receiving surfaces of silicon wafers, diffusing to make junctions, and forming PN junctions on the peripheries and the light receiving surfaces of the silicon wafers; (2) removing phosphosilicate or borosilicate glass later, and setting transparent conductive films on the PN junctions on the peripheries and the light receiving surfaces of the silicon wafers; (3) etching the peripheries of the silicon wafers to remove the transparent conductive films and the PN junctions on the peripheries of the silicon wafers; (4) setting holes on the silicon wafers, and coating antireflection films on the transparent conductive films on the light receiving surfaces of the silicon wafers; and (5) preparing through hole electrodes, back metal electrodes and back passivation fields on the non film coated surfaces of the silicon wafers to obtain the back contact silicon solar cells, wherein the through hole electrodes are electrically communicated with the transparent conductive films. The light receiving surfaces of the back contact silicon solar cells are not covered with electrodes, so that the shading loss is avoided, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is remarkably improved; holes to be arranged are also greatly reduced, so that the fragmentation rate is greatly reduced; and the manufacturing process is simplified.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of back-contact photovoltaic cells, belong to crystal-silicon solar cell and make the field.
Background technology
Conventional fossil fuel is approach exhaustion day by day, and in existing sustainable energy, solar energy is undoubtedly a kind of cleaning, general and the most potential alternative energy source.At present; In all solar cells; Silicon solar cell is one of solar cell that obtains business promotion on a large scale, and this is that silicon solar cell is compared the solar cell of other types simultaneously because silicon materials have very abundant reserves in the earth's crust; Excellent electric property and mechanical performance are arranged, silicon solar cell in the photovoltaic field in occupation of consequence.Therefore, the silicon solar cell of research and development high performance-price ratio has become one of main direction of studying of various countries photovoltaic enterprise.
The electricity generating principle of silicon solar cell is based on the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor PN.At present solar cell has many types and structure, and commonplace way is that the both positive and negative polarity with solar cell places its sensitive surface and shady face respectively, and similar solar cell can be realized positive and negative interconnected through low-resistance metal.Yet there is bigger shading loss in this type solar cell because of a lot of districts area on its sensitive surface is blocked by electrode, thereby has lost one part of current.
For improving the loss that photoelectricity that said structure brings transforms; The solar cell of existing multiple structure is developed; Wherein have one type and be called " back of the body contact " battery, be characterized in that the both positive and negative polarity of battery all is located at shady face, this structure can reduce the shading loss of sensitive surface; Increase photoelectric conversion efficiency, and help interconnecting between the solar cell.
In the prior art, realize that " back of the body contact " solar cell device has following several kinds of schemes:
A kind of is the shady face that PN junction is arranged on device, and sensitive surface does not have PN junction, but list of references (R.A. Sinton; Y. Kwark, J.Y. Gan, R.M. Swanson; IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. ED-7. No. 10, October 1986); The battery of this structure needs the splendid silicon chip of quality (mainly being that minority carrier lifetime is enough big), can pass through the electrode that whole base reaches shady face to guarantee the electric current that sensitive surface produces; So such sun solar cell is very fastidious to raw material, under present manufacture level, be difficult to large-scale promotion, and manufacturing cost is very high.
Second kind of scheme is MWT battery (Metal wrap through), and its PN junction still is made in the sensitive surface of device, makes tens to tens holes that run through entire device simultaneously, and the hole inwall is provided with low-resistance electrode and is connected with the sensitive surface electrode; So the photoelectric current that sensitive surface produces can be conducted to the shady face respective electrode place of device by electrode in the hole.This scheme has solved the weakness of aforementioned back contact solar cell well, can utilize the solar cell of the higher electricity conversion of the silicon chip manufacturing of existing level, increases cost simultaneously hardly.At present existing a plurality of patents disclose its relevant art; Like WO2010126346, JP2010080576, JP2010080578, US20100276772, US20090188550, US20090178707 and KR1020100098993 etc.; The common trait of these structures is electrodes that sensitive surface also keeps few part; Thereby also can have certain shading loss, influenced the further raising of electricity conversion.
In order to address the above problem, there is the researcher to propose the electrodeless new construction battery device of sensitive surface (Emitter wrap through is called for short EWT) again; Be characterized in that PN junction still is made in the sensitive surface of device; Make tens thousand of the holes that run through entire device simultaneously; Hole inwall high-concentration dopant has PN junction; And be connected with the respective electrode of shady face through low-resistance electrode, so the photoelectric current that sensitive surface produces can be conducted to the shady face place of device by electrode in the hole.A plurality of patents have related to relevant art, like US7851696, CA2596827, US7144751, CA2530743, US20090320922, US20110086466, WO2005006402, CA2530684, US7649141, WO2005018007, WO2005076959, WO2005076960, WO2006029250, US7863084 and KR1020110011053.Although the shading loss that this technology has avoided front electrode to bring; But, up to ten thousand holes need be set, and need to form high-concentration dopant in the hole in order to guarantee that the harmless lost territory of sensitive surface electric current transfers to the back side; These conditions had both caused its preparation technology very complicated, and cost is high; Simultaneously, too much hole has also influenced the mechanical strength of device, can occur the broken situation of a large amount of silicon chips during production.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of preparation method of back-contact photovoltaic cells.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of preparation method of back-contact photovoltaic cells comprises the steps:
(1) sensitive surface at silicon chip carries out making herbs into wool; At its sensitive surface diffusion system knot, form PN junction then at silicon chip sensitive surface and periphery;
(2) remove phosphorus silicon or Pyrex after, tie that at above-mentioned silicon chip sensitive surface and periphery P N nesa coating being set;
(3) silicon chips periphery is carried out etching, remove the nesa coating and the PN junction of silicon chips periphery;
(4) on above-mentioned silicon chip, offer hole, antireflective coating is established in plating on the nesa coating of silicon chip sensitive surface then;
(5) preparation perforation electrode, back of the body metal electrode, back of the body passivation field on the non-plated film face of above-mentioned silicon chip can obtain said back-contact photovoltaic cells; Said perforation electrode and nesa coating electric connection.
In the preceding text, said silicon chip can be p type or n type.Said back of the body passivation field is dopant or the medium passivating film identical with said conductive wafer type, or two kinds all have.Back of the body passivation field and back of the body metal electrode electric connection, and both and perforation electrode only depend on air insulation isolation and polarity of electrode opposite.
The non-plated film face of the silicon chip in the said step (5) is meant that silicon chip does not plate the face of establishing antireflective film, i.e. the non-coated with antireflection face of silicon chip.
Said step is offered hole in (4) on silicon chip, plate antireflective film then, prepares the perforation electrode afterwards, so in the hole perforation electrode is only arranged.
In the technique scheme, the quantity of hole is 2 ~ 500 in the said step (4).Preferably, the quantity of described hole is 9 ~ 100.
In the technique scheme, the nesa coating in the said step (2) is ito thin film, SnO
2Film, In
2O
3Film, ZnO film, Cd
2SnO
4Film or FTO film.These all are prior aries, and wherein, ito thin film is meant the indium oxide nesa coating of tin dope, and the FTO film is meant SnO
2The nesa coating of doped F.Certainly, above-mentioned nesa coating can also be selected from CuGaO
2, CuInO
2, SrCu
2O
2, or ZnO mixes B, Al, Ga, In etc.
In the technique scheme, the thickness of the nesa coating in the said step (2) is 80 ~ 1000 nm.Preferably, the thickness of said nesa coating is 100 ~ 500 nm.
Because the technique scheme utilization, the present invention compared with prior art has advantage:
1. the present invention has prepared a kind of new back-contact photovoltaic cells, compares with existing MWT battery, and photovoltaic cell sensitive surface of the present invention does not have electrode to block, and has avoided the shading loss, has significantly improved electricity conversion; Compare with existing EWT battery, the hole that battery of the present invention need be offered significantly reduces, thereby greatly reduces fragment rate, and has simplified preparation section.
2. preparation method of the present invention is simple, and does not need high-quality silicon chip, thus with low cost, be suitable for large-scale production.
3. the present invention utilizes nesa coating to replace the electrode on the sensitive surface, has taken into account printing opacity and electric current collection, thereby has not had blocking of sensitive surface electrode, significantly improved electricity conversion, and unified appearance is attractive in appearance.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 ~ 8th, the preparation process sketch map of the embodiment of the invention one;
Accompanying drawing 9 is structural representations of back-contact photovoltaic cells in the embodiment of the invention one.
Wherein: 1, silicon chip; 2, PN junction; 3, electrically conducting transparent ito thin film; 4, hole; 5, antireflective coating; 6, perforation electrode; 7, back of the body metal electrode; 8, back of the body passivation field.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described:
Embodiment one
Shown in Fig. 1 ~ 9, a kind of preparation method of back contact silicon solar cell, silicon chip is the p type, comprises the steps:
The first step, making herbs into wool; Its objective is through chemical reaction to make originally the silicon chip surface of light form scraggly structure prolonging light at its surperficial propagation path, thus the absorption that improves 1 pair of light of silicon chip; The structural representation of silicon chip is as shown in Figure 1 after the making herbs into wool;
Second step, carry out phosphorous diffusion on the surface of silicon chip, form PN junction 2 at sensitive surface and periphery, and remove phosphorosilicate glass with hydrofluoric acid; Structural representation behind the formation PN junction 2 is as shown in Figure 2;
In the 3rd step, the electrically conducting transparent ito thin film 3 that 500nm is thick is plated on the PN junction, and silicon chips periphery also has, and is as shown in Figure 3; Here the purpose of electrically conducting transparent ito thin film is to replace traditional metal electrode, collects the photoelectric current that the conduction sensitive surface produces effectively, and does not block incident light; The method of plating ito thin film has a variety of, such as methods such as magnetron sputtering, organic metal vapour deposition, vacuum vapor deposition method, chemical vapour deposition technique, spraying process, sol-gel process, the auxiliary vapour depositions of electrostatic spray; In embodiments of the present invention, ito thin film adopts the mode plated film of magnetron sputtering;
The 4th step, peripheral etching; Purpose is to remove the electrically conducting transparent ito thin film 3 and PN junction 2 of silicon chips periphery, avoids short circuit; The mode of etching has multiple, can be wet etching, also can be dry etching, and wherein, wet etching comprises: the chemical liquids corrosion, and chemical corrosion slurry corrosion etc., dry etching comprises plasma gas corrosion etc.; In embodiments of the present invention, can adopt the side etching 15min of plasma gas, wherein SF in the plasma gas to silicon chip
6Flow be 200scm, O
2Flow be 30scm, N
2Flow be 300scm, pressure is chosen as 100Pa, glow power is chosen as 700W; Structural representation after the periphery etching is as shown in Figure 4;
The 5th step, on silicon chip, offer hole 4, number is 100, its effect is electrode can be set the electric current of battery sheet sensitive surface is guided to the shady face of battery sheet in hole 4, so just can be so that the positive pole of battery sheet and negative pole all are positioned at the back side of battery sheet; In all embodiment of the application, can adopt the mode of laser, machine drilling or chemical corrosion to carry out perforate; The structural representation of hole 4 back silicon chips is as shown in Figure 5;
The 6th step, plating silicon nitride antireflective coating 5 on ito thin film, the effect of this film is the reflection that reduces sunlight, maximally utilises solar energy; In embodiments of the present invention, adopt PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method) on silicon chip 1, to form antireflective coating; In addition, adopting PECVD is one embodiment of the present of invention, should not be construed as limiting the invention, and in other embodiment of the present invention, film plating process can also adopt additive method well-known to those skilled in the art; The structural representation of coated with antireflection film 5 back silicon chips is as shown in Figure 6;
In the 7th step, silk screen printing perforation electrode 6 is as negative pole on the non-coated with antireflection face of silicon chip; In all embodiment of the present invention, can also perforation electrode 6 be deposited on the silicon chip 1 through methods such as vacuum evaporation, sputters; Preparation perforation electrode 6 is communicated with electrically conducting transparent ito thin film 3 electricity, and its structural representation is as shown in Figure 7;
In the 8th step, silk screen printing back of the body metal electrode 7 is as anodal on the non-coated with antireflection face of silicon chip; In all embodiment of the present invention, can also will carry on the back metal electrode through methods such as vacuum evaporation, sputters and be deposited on the silicon chip 1; The structural representation of preparation back of the body metal electrode is as shown in Figure 8;
The 9th step, silk screen printing aluminium back of the body passivation field 8 on the non-coated with antireflection face of silicon chip; In embodiments of the present invention, can also aluminium be carried on the back the passivation field through methods such as vacuum evaporation, sputters is deposited on the silicon chip; Preparation aluminium back of the body passivation field structure sketch map is as shown in Figure 9; Wherein, aluminium back of the body passivation field 8 is communicated with back of the body metal electrode 7 electricity, and the two and perforation electrode 6 only depend on air insulation to isolate.
Shown in Figure 9 promptly is the structural representation of the final photovoltaic cell that enforcement obtains according to the inventive method.
Embodiment two
A kind of preparation method of back contact silicon solar cell, silicon chip is the n type, comprises the steps:
The first step, making herbs into wool; Its objective is through chemical reaction to make originally the silicon chip surface of light form scraggly structure prolonging light, thereby improve the absorption of silicon chip light at its surperficial propagation path;
Second step, carry out boron diffusion on the surface of silicon chip, form PN junction at sensitive surface and side, and remove Pyrex with hydrofluoric acid;
The 3rd step, the electrically conducting transparent SnO that 300nm is thick
2: the F film is plated on the PN junction, and the side is also subsidiary to be had; Here electrically conducting transparent SnO
2: the purpose of F film is to replace traditional metal electrode, collects the photoelectric current that the conduction sensitive surface produces effectively, and does not block incident light; Plating SnO
2: the method for F film has a variety of, such as methods such as magnetron sputtering, organic metal vapour deposition, vacuum vapor deposition method, chemical vapour deposition technique, spraying process, sol-gel process, the auxiliary vapour depositions of electrostatic spray; In embodiments of the present invention, SnO
2: the F film adopts the magnetically controlled sputter method plated film;
The 4th step, peripheral etching; Purpose is to remove the electrically conducting transparent SnO of periphery
2: F film and PN junction, avoid short circuit; The mode of etching has multiple, can be wet etching, also can be dry etching, and wherein, wet etching comprises: the chemical liquids corrosion, and chemical corrosion slurry corrosion etc., dry etching comprises plasma gas corrosion etc.; In embodiments of the present invention, when etching, can adopt the side etching 15min of plasma gas, wherein SF in the plasma gas to silicon chip
6Flow be 200scm, O
2Flow be 30scm, N
2Flow be 300scm, pressure is chosen as 100Pa, glow power is chosen as 700W;
The 5th step, on silicon chip, offer hole, number is 60, its effect is electrode can be set the electric current of battery sheet sensitive surface is guided to the shady face of battery sheet in hole, so just can be so that the positive pole of battery sheet and negative pole all are positioned at the back side of battery sheet; In all embodiment of the application, can adopt the mode of laser, machine drilling or chemical corrosion to carry out perforate;
In the 6th step, adopt PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method) at SnO
2: applying silicon oxide antireflective coating on the F film, the effect of this film is the reflection that reduces sunlight, maximally utilises solar energy;
In the 7th step, silk screen printing perforation silver electrode is as positive pole on the non-coated with antireflection face of silicon chip; In all embodiment of the present invention, can also through methods such as vacuum evaporation, sputter with the perforation electro-deposition on silicon chip; Preparation perforation electrode and electrically conducting transparent SnO
2: F film electricity is communicated with;
In the 8th step, silk screen printing back of the body silver electrode is as negative pole on the non-coated with antireflection face of silicon chip; In all embodiment of the present invention, can also back electrode be deposited on the silicon chip through methods such as vacuum evaporation, sputters;
In the 9th step, carry out that silk screen printing phosphorus slurry mixes and with PECVD method grown silicon nitride, as compound back of the body passivation field at the non-coated with antireflection face of silicon chip; In addition; Adopting doping of silk screen printing phosphorus slurry and PECVD method grown silicon nitride is one embodiment of the present of invention; Should not be construed as limiting the invention, in other embodiment of the present invention, phosphorus doping or film plating process can also adopt additive method well-known to those skilled in the art; Wherein, compound back of the body passivation layer is communicated with back of the body silver electrode electricity, and the two and perforation silver electrode only depend on air insulation to isolate.
The above only is the application's a preferred implementation, makes those skilled in the art can understand or realize the application.Multiple modification to these embodiment will be conspicuous to one skilled in the art, and defined General Principle can realize under the situation of spirit that does not break away from the application or scope in other embodiments among this paper.Therefore, the application will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this paper, but will meet and principle disclosed herein and features of novelty the wideest corresponding to scope.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of a back-contact photovoltaic cells is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) sensitive surface at silicon chip carries out making herbs into wool; At its sensitive surface diffusion system knot, form PN junction then at silicon chip sensitive surface and periphery;
(2) remove phosphorus silicon or Pyrex after, tie that at above-mentioned silicon chip sensitive surface and periphery P N nesa coating being set;
(3) silicon chips periphery is carried out etching, remove the nesa coating and the PN junction of silicon chips periphery;
(4) on above-mentioned silicon chip, offer hole, antireflective coating is established in plating on the nesa coating of silicon chip sensitive surface then;
(5) preparation perforation electrode, back of the body metal electrode, back of the body passivation field on the non-plated film face of above-mentioned silicon chip can obtain said back-contact photovoltaic cells; Said perforation electrode and nesa coating electric connection.
2. the preparation method of back-contact photovoltaic cells according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the quantity of hole is 2 ~ 500 in the said step (4).
3. the preparation method of back-contact photovoltaic cells according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the quantity of described hole is 9 ~ 100.
4. the preparation method of back-contact photovoltaic cells according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the nesa coating in the said step (2) is ito thin film, SnO
2Film, In
2O
3Film, ZnO film, Cd
2SnO
4Film or FTO film.
5. the preparation method of back-contact photovoltaic cells according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the thickness of the nesa coating in the said step (2) is 80 ~ 1000 nm.
6. the preparation method of back-contact photovoltaic cells according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the thickness of said nesa coating is 100 ~ 500 nm.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011103741191A CN102403407A (en) | 2011-11-22 | 2011-11-22 | Manufacturing method for back contact type silicon solar cell |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102683484A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-09-19 | 苏州阿特斯阳光电力科技有限公司 | Preparation method for back contact silicon solar battery |
| CN105304730A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2016-02-03 | 浙江正泰太阳能科技有限公司 | MWT cell with back passive film and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1813356A (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2006-08-02 | 日出能源公司 | Fabrication of back-contacted silicon solar cells using thermomigration to create conductive vias |
| CN102132423A (en) * | 2008-08-27 | 2011-07-20 | 应用材料股份有限公司 | Back contact solar cell modules |
| WO2011105907A1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-01 | Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland | Method of fabrication of a back-contacted photovoltaic cell, and back-contacted photovoltaic cell made by such a method |
-
2011
- 2011-11-22 CN CN2011103741191A patent/CN102403407A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1813356A (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2006-08-02 | 日出能源公司 | Fabrication of back-contacted silicon solar cells using thermomigration to create conductive vias |
| CN102132423A (en) * | 2008-08-27 | 2011-07-20 | 应用材料股份有限公司 | Back contact solar cell modules |
| WO2011105907A1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-01 | Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland | Method of fabrication of a back-contacted photovoltaic cell, and back-contacted photovoltaic cell made by such a method |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102683484A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-09-19 | 苏州阿特斯阳光电力科技有限公司 | Preparation method for back contact silicon solar battery |
| CN102683484B (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2015-05-13 | 苏州阿特斯阳光电力科技有限公司 | Preparation method for back contact silicon solar battery |
| CN105304730A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2016-02-03 | 浙江正泰太阳能科技有限公司 | MWT cell with back passive film and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120404 |