CN102391556B - Crosslinked UHMW-PE (ultra-high molecular weight-polyethylene) friction material for traveling wave type rotating ultrasonic motor, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Crosslinked UHMW-PE (ultra-high molecular weight-polyethylene) friction material for traveling wave type rotating ultrasonic motor, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crosslinked UHMW-PE (ultra-high molecular weight-polyethylene) friction material for a traveling wave type rotating ultrasonic motor, and a preparation method. The crosslinked UHMW-PE composite friction material is prepared from 100.0-150 parts of UHMW-PE resin, 10-15 parts of glass fiber, 3-5 parts of carbon fiber, 0.5-1.5 parts of carbon nanotube, 10-20 parts of molybdenum disulfide, 8-15 parts of graphite, 15-25 parts of aluminum oxide, 15-20 parts of copper oxide, 1.5-5 parts of polybenzoate, 0-1.5 parts of nitrile-butadiene rubber, 1-2 parts of crosslinking sensitizer and 0.4-1.0 part of KH-570 or DL-151 or DL-171, wherein the glass fiber, carbon fiber and carbon nanotube are used as reinforcers; the molybdenum disulfide, graphite, aluminum oxide, copper oxide, polybenzoate and nitrile-butadiene rubber are used as friction and heat-conducting property regulators; and the KH-570 or DL-151 or DL-171 is used as a coupling agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: melting, blending and pressing into 2.0-3.0mm sheets at 180 DEG C; and in an N2 atmosphere, carrying out radiation crosslinking with a Co60 gamma source to obtain the crosslinked UHMW-PE friction material which is applicable to a friction surface layer of a TRUM-60 rotor. Under the preliminary pressure of 600N, the comprehensive output properties of the motor are good, the locked rotor torque is up to more than 1.3N.m, the no-load speed is higher than 180 r/min, and the conversion efficiency is higher than 20%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crosslinked ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) composite friction material preparation method and application thereof, a kind of traveling wave type ultrasonic motor rotor or stator driving surface layer friction materials of being applied to, to improve mechanical characteristics and the steady running life-span of motor.
Background technology
Travelling-wave type rotary ultrasonic motor (TRUM) is to utilize the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics to excite Vibration of Elastic Bodies, realizes that electric energy is to the conversion of mechanical energy; By the rubbing effect between stator and rotor stator vibration being converted into mover again rotates or translation.Wherein, the quality of friction materials is for the mechanical property of motor with direct impact is arranged work-ing life.
The friction materials of TRUM is summed up and can be divided into: rubber-based friction materials, resin-matrix friction material, coated layer base frication material, stupalith, oil containing powder metallurgical material etc.Although various in style, performance is different, and supersonic motor is still not long work-ing life, it is reported to use the Traveling Ultrasonic Motor load life of external friction materials to be no more than 3000 h, has seriously limited the distinctive high-performance performance of ultrasound electric machine.Therefore, how to improve mechanical property and the life-span of supersonic motor, become the hot issue of ultrasound electric machine research.
With other class material compared, resin-matrix friction material is applied to TRUM, has long, stable, the advantage such as noise is little in work-ing life.Tetrafluoroethylene, polyimide and the Resins, epoxy that now adopts such as TRUM etc. add and strengthen and frictional behaviour is regulated the resin-matrix friction material of material preparation.
That UHMW-PE has is wear-resistant, shock-resistant, self-lubricating and the good characteristic such as low temperature resistant, but has that frictional coefficient is little, resistance toheat is poor and the shortcoming such as creep resistant is poor, can be used as the TRUM friction materials through modification.As add inorganic particulate, carbon fiber and frictional behaviour adjusting material etc., and can further improve its wear resistance, the mechanical property that is applied to TRUM is good.But because the Elastic Sliding between stator and rotor and the large calorimetric of generation of sliding for how much raise whole motor temperature, the friction material surface temperature of contact position then reaches more than 100 ℃.UHMW-PE belongs to the linear polymeric material, under 100 ℃ high temperature, easily produce creep, cause TRUM rotor-stator generator tool under higher precompression meshing, motor is restarted difficulty, the frictional wear mechanism of friction material surface becomes adhesive wear, and the mechanical characteristics of motor and steady running life-span are relatively poor.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to have the shortcomings such as the mechanical characteristics of motor and steady running life-span be relatively poor for the UHMW-PE friction materials that is applied to TRUM, provide a kind of crosslinked UHMW-PE friction materials preparation method, to improve mechanical characteristics and the steady running life-span of motor.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of travelling-wave type rotary ultrasonic motor is with crosslinked UHMW-PE friction materials, and it is characterized in that: component is comprised of the material of following mass parts:
UHMW-PE resin: 100.0 ~ 150 parts;
Toughener: 10 ~ 15 parts of glass fibre, 3 ~ 5 parts of carbon fibers, 0.5 ~ 1.5 part of carbon nanotube;
Friction and heat conductivility conditioning agent: 10 ~ 20 parts of molybdenumdisulphide, 8 ~ 15 parts of graphite, 15 ~ 25 parts of aluminum oxide, 15 ~ 20 parts of cupric oxide, 1.5 ~ 5 parts of polybenzoate, 0 ~ 1.5 part of paracril;
Crosslinking sensitizer: 1 ~ 2 part allyl methacrylate(AMA) or triallyl isocyanate;
Coupling agent: 0.4 ~ 1.0 part of KH-570 or DL-151 or DL-171;
Described travelling-wave type rotary ultrasonic motor is with crosslinked UHMW-PE friction materials, and it is characterized in that: the molecular weight of described UHMW-PE resin is more than 3,000,000.
Described travelling-wave type rotary ultrasonic motor is with crosslinked UHMW-PE friction materials, and it is characterized in that: described crosslinking sensitizer is allyl methacrylate(AMA) or triallyl isocyanate.
Described a kind of travelling-wave type rotary ultrasonic motor is characterized in that may further comprise the steps with the preparation method of crosslinked UHMW-PE friction materials:
Step 1-1, graphite, glass fibre, polybenzoate, cupric oxide, aluminum oxide, molybdenumdisulphide, carbon fiber, coupling agent be first premix 10 ~ 50min in ball mill in proportion, adopts dried for standby behind ethanol wet-mixed 1 ~ 5h again;
Step 1-2, carbon nanotube and crosslinking sensitizer are mixed in proportion, and adopt ultrasonic vibration cleaning apparatus dispersion treatment 15 ~ 60min in airtight container stand-by;
Step 1-3, under 160 ~ 180 ℃ of conditions, the UHMW-PE resin adds pretreated toughener, friction and the heat conductivility conditioning agent (comprising paracril) of step 1-1, and the carbon nanotube that contains crosslinking sensitizer after the step 1-2 processing, adopt two roller mills or mixer mixing time 5 ~ 15min;
Step 1-4, melt blending material are molded into the sheet material of 2 ~ 3mm;
Step 2-1, process making quenching below-10 ℃ after sheet material is heated to 120 ~ 150 ℃;
Step 2-2, under the protection of room temperature and High Purity Nitrogen, the UHMW-PE matrix material that step 1 is prepared is at Co
60γ source radiation crosslinking, dosage control are 50 ~ 150KGy;
Friction materials after step 2-3, the radiation treatment is at nitrogen atmosphere, 120 ~ 150 ℃ of lower thermal treatment 72 ~ 144h.
Described travelling-wave type rotary ultrasonic motor is used for making the friction surface layer of travelling-wave type rotary ultrasonic motor rotor with the application of crosslinked UHMW-PE friction materials, specifically comprises following process;
The acid solution that step 1-1, crosslinked UHMW-PE friction material surface are made into 98% vitriol oil and potassium bichromate or process 10 ~ 60min greater than 67% concentrated nitric acid liquid oxidation;
Step 1-2, material that surface oxidation treatment is crossed are with epoxy structural rubber and the stickup of duralumin rotor;
Step 1-3, machining, requiring the crosslinked UHMW-PE friction materials of rotor surface layer thickness is 0.2 ~ 0.3mm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention has:
Co
60The crosslinked UHMW-PE friction materials of gamma-radiation can improve creep resistant and the thermotolerance of UHMW-PE friction materials, be applied to the friction rotor surface layer of TRUM, can obviously improve TRUM mechanical property such as stall moment of torsion, conversion efficiency, no-load speed, and the steady running life-span.The crosslinking sensitizer that adds polyfunctionality small molecules vinyl monomer can reduce Co
60Gamma-emitting intensity, and then reduce the irradiation cost.KH-570, DL-151 or DL-171 coupling agent treatment inorganic materials can improve the bonding force with the UHMW-PE reisn base material, simultaneously on the coupling agent molecule with unsaturated double-bond, at Co
60Can occur crosslinkedly with resin during gamma-radiation, further improve the cross-linking density of friction materials, improve the friction materials over-all properties.Can improve the frictional behaviour of UHMW-PE material as increasing frictional coefficient (improving the stalling torque of TRUM) after adding frictional property regulator.Add the modulus of compression that toughener can improve friction materials, reach the work-ing life that rotor-stator friction pair hardness is complementary to improve TRUM.The good inorganic materials of interpolation thermal conductivity can improve the thermal conductivity of friction materials, and the TRUM that scatters and disappears in time reduces the adhesive wear that produces because of localized hyperthermia because of the amount of heat that the motor operation produces.Be lower than after the UHMW-PE sheet material of mixing and molding is heated to 120 ~ 150 ℃ and making quenching under-10 ℃ of conditions and process, playing the degree of crystallinity effect that reduces UHMW-PE, obtaining to improve cross-linking radiation efficient effect.Crosslinked UHMW-PE friction material surface strong oxidizing property acid treatment can improve its surface polarity, increases the bonding strength on friction materials and metallic rotator surface.
Figure of description
Table 1 testing data.
Embodiment
Draw materials (mass parts):
(molecular weight is about 1,000 ten thousand to the UHMW-PE resin, Nanjing Ticona company produces, 100 parts down together), glass (staple fibre powder, 100 orders, Nanjing Glass Fibre Research and Design Institute is produced, 10.0 parts down together), carbon fiber (ball-milled powder, 100 orders, Nanjing inorganic powder filler factory produces, lower with) 4.5 parts, carbon nanotube (about 5nm, Shenzhen Bill's development in science and technology company limited produces, 0.5 part down together), 1.0 parts of allyl methacrylate(AMA)s (technical grade, the Fushun chemical company limited of peace letter produces, and is lower same), molybdenumdisulphide (ball milling to 1200 order, Tianjin Kai Tong chemical reagents corporation produces, lower with) 15.0 parts, graphite (F00
#, 1.5 μ m, Shanghai gelatinizing plant produced, 10.0 parts down together), aluminum oxide (α type, 0.5 μ m, the production of the peaceful filler of Nanjing intelligence company limited, lower with) 20.0 parts, (Nanjing chemical reagents corporation provides cupric oxide, ball milling to 1200 order, lower with) 15.0 parts, polybenzoate (and powder, plastic cement scientific ﹠ technical corporation of Zhonglan Chenguang Chemical Inst produces, 4.5 parts down together), 0.4 part of silane coupling agent (KH-570, the abundant moral Heng Oulianjichang in Nanjing produces, and is lower same).
The preparation method:
1. adopt melt-blending process to prepare the UHMW-PE matrix material.At first, with above-mentioned toughener (except the C nanotube), friction and heat conductivility conditioning agent, coupling agent first premix 30min in ball mill, adopt again ethanol wet-mixed 3h after, after ethanol volatilizees naturally, again vacuum-drying under 70 ℃ of conditions.Secondly, described carbon nanotube and crosslinking sensitizer are pressed described proportioning about 15min of dispersion treatment under ultrasound condition.At last, the UHMW-PE resin adds pretreated toughener, friction and heat conductivility conditioning agent, contains the carbon nanotube of crosslinking sensitizer, adopts about 15min of mixer mixing time under 170 ℃ of conditions; Under 180 ℃, 15MPa condition, the sheet material of the composite material moulded one-tenth 2 ~ 3mm after adopting vulcanizing press with blend.
2. prepare crosslinked UHMW-PE matrix material.At first, making quenching after step 1 resulting sheet is heated to 140 ℃ in-10 ℃ of icy salt solutions processes; Secondly, under the protection of room temperature and High Purity Nitrogen, the UHMW-PE matrix material that quenching is processed is at Co
60γ source radiation crosslinking, the about 150KGy of dosage control; At last, the matrix material crossed of cross-linking radiation was nitrogen atmosphere, 120 ℃ of lower thermal treatment 144 hours.
3. make the TRUM friction surface layer rotor of crosslinked UHMW-PE matrix material.First cross-linking radiation UHMW-PE friction material surface is processed about 30min with 67% concentrated nitric acid liquid oxidation; Again with crosslinked matrix material and the epoxy construction glue of duralumin matter rotor; At last, the TRUM-60 rotor of machined one-tenth surface of friction bed thickness 0.2 ~ 0.3mm.
Test condition and method: the stator of gained rotor and phosphor bronze matter TRUM-60 type is formed friction pair, break-in 40h under precompression 150N condition.Afterwards, under 20 ℃ of temperature, precompression 100N condition, rotate with the speed of 12 r/min, record frictional coefficient; Output performance at operating voltage 15 V, operating frequency 40 kHz, precompression 600N testing of electric motors; Continuously 100h real machine load running under the steady running condition is measured the abrasion loss of friction materials and is estimated life-span of friction materials.The results are shown in subordinate list.
Draw materials (mass parts):
120 parts of UHMW-PE resins, 12.0 parts of glasses, 3.0 parts on carbon fiber, 1.0 parts of carbon nanotubes, 1.5 parts of allyl methacrylate(AMA)s, 10.0 parts of molybdenumdisulphide, 8.0 parts in graphite, 25.0 parts in aluminum oxide, 18.0 parts of cupric oxide, 1.5 parts of polybenzoate, (wherein acrylonitrile content accounts for 40% to paracril, DN401, Lan Hua company produces, 1.0 parts down together), 0.8 part of KH-570 coupling agent.
The preparation method:
1. prepare the UHMW-PE matrix material: with embodiment 1, doing time in advance is 10min, wet-mixed time 3h, about 60min of ultra-sonic dispersion time, about 160 ℃ of mill mixing temperature, about 5min of time.
2. prepare crosslinked UHMW-PE matrix material: with embodiment 1, make quenching after sheet material is heated to 150 ℃ and process Co
60The about 100KGy of γ source radiation crosslinking dosage, heat treatment time is 96 hours.
3. make the TRUM friction surface layer rotor of crosslinked UHMW-PE matrix material: with embodiment 1.
Test condition and method: with embodiment 1.The results are shown in subordinate list.
Draw materials (mass parts):
150 parts of UHMW-PE resins, 15.0 parts of glasses, 5.0 parts on carbon fiber, 1.5 parts of carbon nanotubes, 2.0 parts of allyl methacrylate(AMA)s, 20.0 parts of molybdenumdisulphide, 15.0 parts in graphite, aluminum oxide 15.0,20.0 parts of cupric oxide, 5.0 parts of polybenzoate, 1.5 parts of paracrils, 1.0 parts of KH-570 silane coupling agents.
The preparation method:
1. prepare the UHMW-PE matrix material: with embodiment 1, doing time in advance is 20min, wet-mixed time 1h; About 30min of ultra-sonic dispersion time; The mixer mixing temperature is about 180 ℃, about 10min of time.
2. prepare crosslinked UHMW-PE matrix material: with embodiment 1, Co
60The about 50KGy of γ source radiation crosslinking dosage; Heat treatment time is 72 hours.
3. make the TRUM friction surface layer rotor of crosslinked UHMW-PE matrix material: with embodiment 1.
Test condition and method: with embodiment 1.The results are shown in subordinate list.
Embodiment 4.
100 parts of UHMW-PE resins, 10.0 parts of glasses, 4.5 parts on carbon fiber, 0.5 part of carbon nanotube, triallyl isocyanate (technical grade, the graceful bio tech ltd production of upper Hypon, lower with) 1.0 parts, 15.0 parts of molybdenumdisulphide, 10.0 parts in graphite, 20.0 parts in aluminum oxide, 15.0 parts of cupric oxide, 4.5 parts of polybenzoate, silane coupling agent (DL-151, Jiangsu Chenguang Coincident Dose Co., Ltd. produces, lower with) 0.4 part.
The preparation method:
1. prepare the UHMW-PE matrix material: with embodiment 1.
2. prepare crosslinked UHMW-PE matrix material: with embodiment 1, in liquid nitrogen, make quenching after step 1 resulting sheet is heated to 120 ℃ and process.
3. make the TRUM friction surface layer rotor of crosslinked UHMW-PE matrix material: with embodiment 1, with the UHMW-PE friction material surface with 98% vitriol oil and the about 10min of potassium bichromate acid solution oxide treatment.
Test condition and method: with embodiment 1.The results are shown in subordinate list.
120 parts of UHMW-PE resins, 12.0 parts of glasses, 3.0 parts on carbon fiber, 1.0 parts of carbon nanotubes, 1.5 parts of triallyl isocyanates, 10.0 parts of molybdenumdisulphide, 8.0 parts in graphite, 25.0 parts in aluminum oxide, 18.0 parts of cupric oxide, 1.5 parts of polybenzoate, 1.0 parts of paracrils, 0.8 part of DL-151 silane coupling agent.
Preparation method: with embodiment 4.
Test condition and method: with embodiment 1.The results are shown in subordinate list.
150 parts of UHMW-PE resins, 10.0 parts of glasses, 4.5 parts on carbon fiber, 1.5 parts of carbon nanotubes, 2.0 parts of triallyl isocyanates, 15.0 parts of molybdenumdisulphide, 10.0 parts in graphite, 20.0 parts in aluminum oxide, 15.0 parts of cupric oxide, 5.0 parts of polybenzoate, 1.5 parts of paracrils, 1.0 parts of DL-151 silane coupling agents.
Preparation method: with embodiment 4.
Test condition and method: with embodiment 1.The results are shown in subordinate list.
Embodiment 7.
(molecular weight is about 3,000,000 to the UHMW-PE resin, chemical industry two factories in Beijing produce) 100 parts, 10.0 parts of glasses, 4.5 parts on carbon fiber, 0.5 part of carbon nanotube, triallyl isocyanate (technical grade, the graceful bio tech ltd production of upper Hypon, lower with) 1.0 parts, 15.0 parts of molybdenumdisulphide, 10.0 parts in graphite, 20.0 parts in aluminum oxide, 15.0 parts of cupric oxide, 4.5 parts of polybenzoate, silane coupling agent (DL-171, Jiangsu Chenguang Coincident Dose Co., Ltd. produces, lower with) 0.4 part.
Preparation method: with embodiment 1.
Test condition and method: with embodiment 1.The results are shown in subordinate list.
(molecular weight is about 3,000,000 to the UHMW-PE resin, chemical industry two factories in Beijing produce) 120 parts, 12.0 parts of glasses, 3.0 parts on carbon fiber, 1.0 parts of carbon nanotubes, 1.5 parts of triallyl isocyanates, 10.0 parts of molybdenumdisulphide, 8.0 parts in graphite, 25.0 parts in aluminum oxide, 18.0 parts of cupric oxide, 1.5 parts of polybenzoate, 1.0 parts of paracrils, 0.8 part of DL-171 coupling agent.
Preparation method: with embodiment 2.
Test condition and method: with embodiment 1.The results are shown in subordinate list.
(molecular weight is about 3,000,000 to the UHMW-PE resin, chemical industry two factories in Beijing produce) 150 parts, 10.0 parts of glasses, 4.5 parts on carbon fiber, 1.5 parts of carbon nanotubes, 2.0 parts of triallyl isocyanates, 15.0 parts of molybdenumdisulphide, 10.0 parts in graphite, 20.0 parts in aluminum oxide, 15.0 parts of cupric oxide, 5.0 parts of polybenzoate, 1.5 parts of paracrils, 1.0 parts of DL-171 silane coupling agents.
Preparation method: with embodiment 3.
Test condition and method: with embodiment 1.The results are shown in subordinate list.
Claims (4)
1. a travelling-wave type rotary ultrasonic motor is characterized in that with crosslinked UHMW-PE friction materials:
Component is comprised of the material of following mass parts:
UHMW-PE resin: 100.0 ~ 150 parts;
Toughener: 10 ~ 15 parts of glass fibre, 3 ~ 5 parts of carbon fibers, 0.5 ~ 1.5 part of carbon nanotube;
Friction and heat conductivility conditioning agent: 10 ~ 20 parts of molybdenumdisulphide, 8 ~ 15 parts of graphite, 15 ~ 25 parts of aluminum oxide, 15 ~ 20 parts of cupric oxide, 1.5 ~ 5 parts of polybenzoate, 0 ~ 1.5 part of paracril;
Crosslinking sensitizer: 1 ~ 2 part allyl methacrylate(AMA) or triallyl isocyanate;
Coupling agent: 0.4 ~ 1.0 part of KH-570 or DL-151 or DL-171;
2. travelling-wave type rotary ultrasonic motor according to claim 1 is with crosslinked UHMW-PE friction materials, and it is characterized in that: the molecular weight of described UHMW-PE resin is more than 3,000,000.
3. a kind of travelling-wave type rotary ultrasonic motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps with the preparation method of crosslinked UHMW-PE friction materials:
Step 1, the preparation of UHMW-PE matrix material
Step 1-1, graphite, glass fibre, polybenzoate, paracril, cupric oxide, aluminum oxide, molybdenumdisulphide, carbon fiber, coupling agent be first premix 10 ~ 50min in ball mill in proportion, adopts dried for standby behind ethanol wet-mixed 1 ~ 5h again;
Step 1-2, carbon nanotube and crosslinking sensitizer are mixed in proportion, and adopt ultrasonic vibration cleaning apparatus dispersion treatment 15 ~ 60min in airtight container stand-by;
Step 1-3, under 160 ~ 180 ℃ of conditions, the UHMW-PE resin adds pretreated toughener, friction, the heat conductivility conditioning agent of step 1-1, and the carbon nanotube that contains crosslinking sensitizer after the step 1-2 processing, adopt two roller mills or mixer mixing time 5 ~ 15min;
Step 1-4, melt blending material are molded into the sheet material of 2 ~ 3mm;
Step 2, the preparation of crosslinked UHMW-PE matrix material
Step 2-1, process making quenching below-10 ℃ after sheet material is heated to 120 ~ 150 ℃;
Step 2-2, under the protection of room temperature and High Purity Nitrogen, the UHMW-PE matrix material that step 1 is prepared is at Co
60γ source radiation crosslinking, dosage control are 50 ~ 150KGy;
Friction materials after step 2-3, the radiation treatment is at nitrogen atmosphere, 120 ~ 150 ℃ of lower thermal treatment 72 ~ 144h.
4. travelling-wave type rotary ultrasonic motor according to claim 1 is used for making the friction surface layer of travelling-wave type rotary ultrasonic motor rotor with the application of crosslinked UHMW-PE friction materials, specifically comprises following process;
The acid solution that step 1-1, crosslinked UHMW-PE friction material surface are made into 98% vitriol oil and potassium bichromate or process 10 ~ 60min greater than 67% concentrated nitric acid liquid oxidation;
Step 1-2, material that surface oxidation treatment is crossed are with epoxy structural rubber and the stickup of duralumin rotor;
Step 1-3, machining, requiring the crosslinked UHMW-PE friction materials of rotor surface layer thickness is 0.2 ~ 0.3mm.
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