CN102390272A - Motor drive and power return two-way power source of electric automobile - Google Patents
Motor drive and power return two-way power source of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN102390272A CN102390272A CN2011103097128A CN201110309712A CN102390272A CN 102390272 A CN102390272 A CN 102390272A CN 2011103097128 A CN2011103097128 A CN 2011103097128A CN 201110309712 A CN201110309712 A CN 201110309712A CN 102390272 A CN102390272 A CN 102390272A
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Abstract
The invention provides a motor drive and power return two-way power source of an electric automobile, and the two-way power source comprises an energy conversion direct current part and a positive motor drive and reverse motor electric energy recovery part, wherein the energy conversion direct current part comprises a two-way DC (direct current)/DC converter, a two-way DC/DC convertor digital control system, a positive inversing and reverse rectifier circuit, a motor drive digital control system, a two-way DC/DC circuit driving and protecting circuit, an inverter circuit driving and protecting circuit, a battery voltage detecting circuit, a battery current detecting circuit, a bus voltage detecting circuit and a motor current detecting circuit. A battery is connected with the two-way DC/DC convertor, so that the bus voltage of a motor driving circuit is adjusted to be a stable value, and the driving circuit drives a permanent magnet synchronous motor to run so as to drive the automobile; and the motor is in an electricity generation status when the automobile is braked, the motor driving circuit transmits the energy to a bus, and a microcontroller detects a brake signal and drives the two-way DC/DC convertor to feed the energy back to the battery. Furthermore, the characteristic and efficiency of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the power source can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is that a kind of motor in electric automobile drives and energy feedback bi-directional power, belongs to the innovative technology of motor in electric automobile driving and energy feedback bi-directional power.
Background technology
At present; The electronlmobil field; Motor drive mode adopts battery to supply power drive motor to motor-drive circuit, because comparatively complicated its of the environment of machine operation changes the velocity variations wide ranges to power requirement according to road conditions are different; Automobile quickens continually in the process of moving, slows down, and gives and directly uses battery to bring more labile factor to the system of motor-drive circuit power supply.Specifically, mainly there is the problem of the following aspects in the battery direct supply for the form of motor-drive circuit:
(1) motor-drive circuit stability problem, because the battery direct supply, the change of voltage scope of battery is bigger, brings influence for the stability of motor-drive circuit.
(2) motor braking is to the influence of battery, and under the situation of brakeless unit or energy feedback list, the anti-battery that is charged to of the energy that produces during motor braking possibly cause battery to damage under the worst situation.
(3) increase brake unit in addition and brake with the mode of releasing energy, energy can't reclaim, and automobile endurance is low, need consider problems such as radiator structure in addition.
For this reason; Some modes that occurred the electric automobile energy feedback in the prior art are to improve the endurance of automobile, for example Chinese patent CN03108022.7; 200410070893.3; 200610157733.1 Deng all having mentioned electric automobile energy Feedback Technology scheme, automobile is fed back to battery at the energy that slows down or glancing impact produces, but system architecture separately is different with implementation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to consider the problems referred to above and provide the motor in electric automobile of a kind of electromagnetic compatibility characteristic that has improved power supply and efficient to drive and energy feedback bi-directional power.The present invention is reasonable in design, and is convenient and practical, and this power supply has solved direct problem and the electric automobile energy feedback problem of being with the software feature of carrying of battery.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: motor in electric automobile of the present invention drives and energy feedback bi-directional power; Include energy conversion direct component and forward motor-driven and reverse motor electric energy recovery section; Wherein the energy conversion direct component includes two-way DC/DC changer, two-way DC/DC changer digital control system, forward inversion and reverse rectifying circuit, motor-driven digital control system, two-way DC/DC drives protective circuit, inverter circuit Drive Protecting Circuit, battery voltage detection circuit, battery current detection circuit, bus voltage testing circuit, motor current detecting circuit; Wherein battery voltage detection circuit, battery current detection circuit, bus voltage testing circuit, motor current detecting circuit are connected with two-way DC/DC changer digital control system; Two-way DC/DC changer digital control system is connected with two-way DC/DC drives protective circuit, and the output of two-way DC/DC drives protective circuit is connected with two-way DC/DC changer; Forward motor-driven and reverse motor electric energy recovery section include motor-driven digital control system, inverter circuit Drive Protecting Circuit, forward inversion and reverse rectifying circuit, dc bus super capacitor; Said motor current detecting circuit is connected with the motor-driven digital control system; The motor-driven digital control system connects the inverter circuit Drive Protecting Circuit; The output of inverter circuit Drive Protecting Circuit connects forward inversion and reverse rectifying circuit; Two-way DC/DC changer, forward inversion are connected through the dc bus super capacitor with reverse rectifying circuit, and two-way DC/DC changer digital control system is connected with the motor-driven digital control system.
Above-mentioned two-way DC/DC changer includes coupling inductance L1~L4, power tube VT1~VT8, diode D1~D8, capacitor C 1~C8; The forward inversion includes power switch pipe VT9~VT14, diode D9~D14 with reverse rectifying circuit; Battery connects inductance L 1, L2, L3 and L4 left side; Power tube VT1~VT8 and antiparallel diode D1~D8, C1~C8 constitute four circuit of bridge-type mutually; Four circuitry phase mid points connect right side b, c, b1, the c1 of inductance respectively; Upper/lower terminal be connected dc bus super capacitor C9, C10, power switch pipe VT9~VT14 constitutes three-phase inverter bridge circuit respectively, diode antiparallel with it interconnects the formation three-phase bridge rectifier circuit.
Above-mentioned two-way DC/DC converter using double circle controling mode, electric current is interior ring, voltage is outer shroud.
The current sensor that is used to gather four phase currents is installed among above-mentioned L1, L2, L3, the L4, and the signal output part of current sensor is delivered to two-way DC/DC changer digital control system through the sampling modulate circuit with signal.
Above-mentioned two-way DC/DC converter using homophase is complementary, the mode of out-phase phase shift.
Above-mentioned two-way DC/DC changer digital control system is according to the frequency of operation of the two-way DC/DC changer of the size adjustment of battery current; , can automatically bus voltage be turned down to slow down or glancing impact at automobile than low velocity.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1) the present invention is placed on the battery rear end with two-way DC/DC changer, makes output stable, and the motor-drive circuit stability of back level improves.
2) two-way DC/DC converter using four phase bridge architectures of the present invention, combination controlling method has been realized soft switch, has reduced electromagnetic interference, has improved efficient; In conjunction with the inductive coupling technology, reduced the volume requirement of inductance and electric capacity; In conjunction with multifrequency control method, guaranteed the high efficiency under the different capacity grade according to the load adjustment frequency of operation.
3) directly dc bus is delivered in the electric energy rectification that motor sends by the rectifying circuit that constitutes with the antiparallel diode of inverter circuit power switch pipe among the present invention; Need not the external energy feedback unit, just can realize that through two-way DC/DC changer the energy efficient that produces in car deceleration and the braking procedure is fed back to battery.
4) the present invention can turn down bus voltage in automobile braking when moving velocity is low automatically, has improved the Applicable scope of energy feedback.
The present invention is that a kind of design is ingenious, function admirable, and convenient and practical motor in electric automobile drives and energy feedback bi-directional power.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an entire system block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a power circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is coupling inductance winding structure figure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a two-way DC/DC convertor controls core circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a binistor driving circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a two-way DC/DC convertor controls diagram of circuit of the present invention, and wherein Fig. 6 (a) is depicted as the main program control flow chart, and Fig. 6 (b) is depicted as the interrupt routine diagram of circuit.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment:
Structural representation of the present invention is like Fig. 1,2,3, shown in 4; Motor in electric automobile of the present invention drives and energy feedback bi-directional power; Include energy conversion direct component and forward motor-driven and reverse motor electric energy recovery section; Wherein the energy conversion direct component includes two-way DC/DC changer 1, two-way DC/DC changer digital control system 2, forward inversion and reverse rectifying circuit 3, motor-driven digital control system 4, two-way DC/DC drives protective circuit 5, inverter circuit Drive Protecting Circuit 6, battery voltage detection circuit 7, battery current detection circuit 8, bus voltage testing circuit 9, motor current detecting circuit 10; Wherein battery voltage detection circuit 7, battery current detection circuit 8, bus voltage testing circuit 9, motor current detecting circuit 10 are connected with two-way DC/DC changer digital control system 2; Two-way DC/DC changer digital control system 2 is connected with two-way DC/DC drives protective circuit 5, and the output of two-way DC/DC drives protective circuit 5 is connected with two-way DC/DC changer 1; Forward motor-driven and reverse motor electric energy recovery section include motor-driven digital control system 4, inverter circuit Drive Protecting Circuit 6, forward inversion and reverse rectifying circuit 3, dc bus super capacitor 11; Said motor current detecting circuit 10 is connected with motor-driven digital control system 4; Motor-driven digital control system 4 connects inverter circuit Drive Protecting Circuit 6; The output of inverter circuit Drive Protecting Circuit 6 connects forward inversion and reverse rectifying circuit 3; Two-way DC/DC changer 1, forward inversion are connected through dc bus super capacitor 11 with reverse rectifying circuit 3; Two-way DC/DC changer digital control system 2 is connected with motor-driven digital control system 4, constitutes motor in electric automobile and drives and energy feedback bi-directional power.
Above-mentioned two-way DC/DC changer 1 includes coupling inductance L1~L4, power switch pipe VT1~VT8, diode D1~D8, capacitor C 1~C8; The forward inversion includes power switch pipe VT9~VT14, diode D9~D14 with reverse rectifying circuit 3; Battery connects inductance L 1, L2, L3 and L4 left side; Power tube VT1~VT8 and antiparallel diode D1~D8, C1~C8 constitute four circuit of bridge-type mutually; Four circuitry phase mid points connect right side b, c, b1, the c1 of inductance respectively; Upper/lower terminal be connected dc bus super capacitor C9, C10, power switch pipe VT9~VT14 constitutes three-phase inverter bridge circuit respectively, diode antiparallel with it interconnects the formation three-phase bridge rectifier circuit.
Above-mentioned two-way DC/DC changer 1 adopts double circle controling mode; Electric current is interior ring; Voltage is outer shroud, current sensor is installed in L1, L2, L3, L4 respectively is used to gather the electric current of four phases, through the sampling modulate circuit signal is delivered to two-way DC/DC changed digital control system 2 and participates in the computing of controlling quantity; Control system will be regulated the frequency of drive signal according to the total current size simultaneously; To change the frequency of operation of two-way DC/DC changer 1, guarantee efficient operation under the different capacity grade, DC bus-bar voltage and cell pressure are behind electric resistance partial pressure; Through linear optical coupling HCPL7840 isolation signal is connected to the voltage signal modulate circuit, signal is delivered in the two-way DC/DC changer digital control system 2 the most at last.
Above-mentioned two-way DC/DC changer digital control system 2 cores adopt TMS320F2809; The 4 couples of complementary control signal PWMxA and PWMxB are produced by TMS320F2809; The electric current of four phases through behind the HALL circuit sensor through behind the modulate circuit; Generate feedback signal I_1, I_2, I_3, the I_4 of electric current, the voltage feedback signal VPN behind linear optocoupler HCPL7840, Vb also are connected to digital to analogy conversion interface ADCINB0~ADCINB6 of TMS320F2809.
Said two-way DC/DC changer Drive Protecting Circuit 5 includes driving circuit and protective circuit, and shown in Figure 4 is driving circuit, includes PC929 chip for driving U1, U2, optocoupler U3, U4, R1~R26, Z1~Z4, Q1~Q4, D1~D4, C1~C6; With brachium pontis up and down control signal QG1_IN and the QG2_IN of two binistors when sending into chip for driving U1, U2 input side, connect into interlock circuit in case stop signal is made mistakes and cause that two binistors are triggered simultaneously.Connect resistance R 21, R22 after the output of U1, U2, and drive the totem that constitutes by to pipe Q1, Q3 and Q2, Q4, the middle gate pole that is connected to device for power switching through resistance R 23, R24 of totem.The power supply of driving circuit adopts multichannel to isolate the power supply of output; Export VCC1/VEE1, VCC2/VEE2, VCC3/VEE3, VCC4/VEE4, VCC5/VEE5 respectively; Wherein VCC2/VEE2 supplies with the following brachium pontis binistor driving circuit of four phases simultaneously, and the last brachium pontis driving circuit of each phase is supplied with in other outputs respectively; The testing circuit that driving circuit is formed through D3, Z1, D4, Z2, R2, R3, R19, R20 comes the conduction voltage drop of detector switch device; The N knot of D3, D4 connects the drain electrode of upper and lower brachium pontis device for power switching respectively; The P knot of D3, D4 connects stabilivolt Z1, Z2 upper end respectively; Z1, Z2 lower end connect the bleeder circuit mid point of being made up of R2 and R19, R3 and R20 respectively, and connect 9 pin of PC929, judge whether short circuit of device with this.The diode of optocoupler U3, U4 is formed the importation of short-circuit signal buffer circuit respectively with R5, R9; When the power device short circuit; Thereby lead chip for driving and provide the diode current flow that short-circuit signal makes optocoupler U3 or U4; The testing circuit mid point F-IPM1 that the output of optocoupler U3 or U4 and R1 form produces negative saltus step, sends into protective circuit and handles; Protective circuit as shown in Figure 5; Include R1~R8, R10~R15, C1~C7, D1, D2, U1, U2, U3, Q10; After short-circuit signal F-IPM1~F-IPM4 sends into the protection decision circuit of being made up of R1~R8, C1~C5, D1, D2, U2; Concentrate to be connected to and a door U1B, and the decision circuit of forming through R10~R15, C6, C7, U1, U2, U3, Q1 and OC1, PWM~EN, DRIVE signal with, last and RESET and after the signal negate; Generate and drive enable signal DRV~EN, DRV~EN is connected to the enable of energy disperser ACT244.
Four phase bridge circuits per two of the above-mentioned two-way DC/DC changer over coupling inductance that communicates is interconnected to battery.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned two-way DC/DC converter using homophase is complementary, the mode of out-phase phase shift.
Above-mentioned two-way DC/DC changer digital control system is according to the frequency of operation of the two-way DC/DC changer of the size adjustment of battery current; , can automatically bus voltage be turned down to slow down or glancing impact at automobile than low velocity.
Its object of bi-directional power shown in Figure 1 is respectively vehicle mounted dynamic battery and permagnetic synchronous motor; Cell pressure is less than DC bus-bar voltage; When by battery when permagnetic synchronous motor is supplied power, two-way DC/DC changer is operated in boost mode, inverter circuit is in running order; When permagnetic synchronous motor generated electricity to powered battery, two-way DC/DC changer was operated in decompression mode, and rectifying circuit is in the work mode of operation.Two kinds of mode of operations switch brake signal with vehicle console as foundation.
Binistor overcurrent protection decision circuit principle of the present invention can adopt prior art.
Be illustrated in figure 6 as two-way DC/DC convertor controls diagram of circuit of the present invention; Wherein Fig. 6 (a) is depicted as the main program control flow chart; Fig. 6 (b) is depicted as the interrupt routine diagram of circuit, for improving the real-time of control system, the sampling of voltage is accomplished by interrupt routine; This interrupts being triggered once by the every 20us of timer, and every sampling is upgraded a dutycycle 6 times.Sampling number is calculated by variable i, whenever 6 times it is carried out zero clearing and handles, 6 six sampled result through filtering after, sampled value is back to main program.Flag is the brake signal that control desk sends, and program decides the mode of operation of two-way DC/DC changer with this.
Claims (7)
1. a motor in electric automobile drives and energy feedback bi-directional power; It is characterized in that including energy conversion direct component and forward motor-driven and reverse motor electric energy recovery section; Wherein the energy conversion direct component includes two-way DC/DC changer (1), two-way DC/DC changer digital control system (2), forward inversion and reverse rectifying circuit (3), motor-driven digital control system (4), two-way DC/DC drives protective circuit (5), inverter circuit Drive Protecting Circuit (6), battery voltage detection circuit (7), battery current detection circuit (8), bus voltage testing circuit (9), motor current detecting circuit (10); Wherein battery voltage detection circuit (7), battery current detection circuit (8), bus voltage testing circuit (9), motor current detecting circuit (10) are connected with two-way DC/DC changer digital control system (2); Two-way DC/DC changer digital control system (2) is connected with two-way DC/DC drives protective circuit (5), and the output of two-way DC/DC drives protective circuit (5) is connected with two-way DC/DC changer (1); Forward motor-driven and reverse motor electric energy recovery section include motor-driven digital control system (4), inverter circuit Drive Protecting Circuit (6), forward inversion and reverse rectifying circuit (3), dc bus super capacitor (11); Said motor current detecting circuit (10) is connected with motor-driven digital control system (4); Motor-driven digital control system (4) connects inverter circuit Drive Protecting Circuit (6); The output of inverter circuit Drive Protecting Circuit (6) connects forward inversion and reverse rectifying circuit (3); Two-way DC/DC changer (1), forward inversion are connected through dc bus super capacitor (11) with reverse rectifying circuit (3), and two-way DC/DC changer digital control system (2) is connected with motor-driven digital control system (4).
2. motor in electric automobile according to claim 1 drives and energy feedback bi-directional power; It is characterized in that above-mentioned two-way DC/DC changer (1) includes coupling inductance L1~L4, power tube VT1~VT8, diode D1~D8, capacitor C 1~C8; Forward inversion and reverse rectifying circuit (3)) include power switch pipe VT9~VT14, diode D9~D14; Battery connects inductance L 1, L2, L3 and L4 left side; Power tube VT1~VT8 and antiparallel diode D1~D8, C1~C8 constitute four circuit of bridge-type mutually, and four circuitry phase mid points connect right side b, c, b1, the c1 of inductance respectively, upper/lower terminal be connected dc bus super capacitor C9, C10; Power switch pipe VT9~VT14 constitutes three-phase inverter bridge circuit respectively, and diode antiparallel with it interconnects the formation three-phase bridge rectifier circuit.
3. motor in electric automobile according to claim 2 drives and energy feedback bi-directional power; The inductance L 1, L2, L3, the L4 that it is characterized in that the employing in the above-mentioned two-way DC/DC changer (1) are coupling inductance; L1 and L2, L3 and L4 are respectively around the both sides of same EE magnetic core; See in the direction of the clock coiling from left to right, when electric current was flowed to b, c or electric current and flowed to b1, c1 by a1 by a, the magnetic flux side that is produced was consistent in the direction of magnetic core center pillar; Magnetic core leaves air gap, does not get into saturation conditions when working to guarantee inductance.
4. motor in electric automobile according to claim 3 drives and energy feedback bi-directional power; It is characterized in that being equipped with among above-mentioned L1, L2, L3, the L4 current sensor that is used to gather four phase currents, the signal output part of current sensor is delivered to two-way DC/DC changer digital control system (2) through the sampling modulate circuit with signal.
5. drive and energy feedback bi-directional power according to each described motor in electric automobile of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that above-mentioned two-way DC/DC changer (1) adopts double circle controling mode, electric current is interior ring, and voltage is outer shroud.
6. motor in electric automobile according to claim 5 drives and energy feedback bi-directional power, it is characterized in that above-mentioned two-way DC/DC changer (1) adopts the mode of homophase complementation, out-phase phase shift.
7. motor in electric automobile according to claim 6 drives and energy feedback bi-directional power, it is characterized in that the frequency of operation of above-mentioned two-way DC/DC changer digital control system (2) according to the two-way DC/DC changer of the size adjustment of battery current; , can automatically bus voltage be turned down to slow down or glancing impact at automobile than low velocity.
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CN102700418A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-10-03 | 田丽欣 | Brake feedback device of electric vehicle |
CN103633720A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-03-12 | 湖南南车时代电动汽车股份有限公司 | Motor driving device of double-source electric vehicle |
CN103818264A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-28 | 浙江工业大学之江学院工业研究院 | Electric car regenerative braking system and energy recovery method thereof |
CN103926455A (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-07-16 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for identification of DC input voltage transient speed |
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CN102700418A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-10-03 | 田丽欣 | Brake feedback device of electric vehicle |
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