CN102388835B - Early breeding method for Rana dybowskii - Google Patents
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- CN102388835B CN102388835B CN201110220882.9A CN201110220882A CN102388835B CN 102388835 B CN102388835 B CN 102388835B CN 201110220882 A CN201110220882 A CN 201110220882A CN 102388835 B CN102388835 B CN 102388835B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an early artificial breeding method for Rana dybowskii, which mainly comprises the steps of the construction of a greenhouse, the construction of egg laying and hatching ponds in the greenhouse and tadpole feeding ponds outside the greenhouse, the selection of breeding Rana dybowskii, egg laying, hatching, tadpole cultivation and the like. The method divides Rana dybowskii breeding into two stages. At a first stage, the Rana dybowskii is fed in the greenhouse and proper temperature is provided for the breeding Rana dybowskii to lay eggs under the heating effect of the greenhouse; and by controlling the internal temperature of the greenhouse and by adopting a water temperature adjusting and controlling technique at the same time, eggs are hatched and tadpoles are fed in the greenhouse at an early stage, and when the external temperature is proper, the tadpoles are transferred to and fed in the hatching ponds outside the greenhouse. By adopting the method provided by the invention, Rana dybowskii tadpoles and young Rana dybowskii can be obtained in a large scale at time 15-day earlier than conventional time, the method is simple and convenient to operate, the hatchability is good, the tadpoles and the young Rana dybowskii are heavy and have good body constitutions, the proportion of female Rana dybowskii is good and the metamorphosis rate is high.
Description
Technical field: the present invention relates to a kind of method that Dongbei forest-frog is bred ahead of time.
Background technology: Dongbei forest-frog (Rana dybowskii) belongs to Amphibia (Amphibia) Anura (Anura) Ranidae (Ranidae) wood frog and belongs to (Rana), has important medical value.Mainly be distributed in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilungkiang, the Inner Mongol, Russia (the Far East Area), Mongolia (northeast) and Korea.Dongbei forest-frog is valued by the people day by day with its distinctive medical value and nutritive value, becomes the highest a kind of of economic worth in batrachia.
Dongbei forest-frog is mainly distributed in Northeast China San Sheng.The cultivation of Dongbei forest-frog mostly in Heilungkiang, Jilin and Liaoning San Sheng.Forest frog culture technical sophistication, cultivating link is many, and cultivation difficulty is large, and difficult point is many.In tadpole stage breeding, have following problem: female wood frog rate is low, the sex of wood frog is to change along with external environment, because environmental factor often causes wood frog male higher, female less, and the problem that female wood frog rate is low seriously restricts the benefit of cultivation; Forest frog tadpoles stage body weight is little, and the size of forest frog tadpoles body weight determines the time length of delivering for sale of wood frog, and the larger tadpole of body weight, froglet growth period is very fast, and large multipotency is delivered for sale for 2 years, and less tadpole is taken 3 years and just delivers for sale.The Three Eastern Provinces are located in cool temperate zone, and annual accumulated temperature is on the low side, exist growing period short in forest frog culture, and resting stage is long, the problem that growth cycle is long.
Summary of the invention
Object: the present invention aims to provide a kind of prolongation Growth of Tadpoles time, the forest frog tadpoles breeding method of raising tadpole weight limit and distortion ratio.
The structure in greenhouse, greenhouse construction wants physical features smooth, traffic convenience, water power is complete, the leeward open ground facing south; Greenhouse generally sits in the north facing the south, east-west; The peak in greenhouse is to the vertical range between ground elevation.Rise is generally 2.7～3.2m, and rear wall of greenhouse height is determined according to rise, general 1.5～2.1m; Greenhouse span is generally 6～8m; Greenhouse adverse grade thickness is no less than 60cm; Length is determined according to needs.
The structure in hatching culturing pool, outdoor breeding pond in greenhouse, hatches culturing pool, and the length in pond, according to the span in greenhouse, is generally 5m in the greenhouse in, and wide is 3～4m, the high 0.5m in pond, the interior plastic covering leak-stopping water of deploying troops on garrison duty; Outdoor breeding pond is preferably east-west, rectangle, and general 30～40 m of length, aspect ratio is 5:3, the dark 0.8～1.0m in hatchery, Chi Geng will clap, and jail is wanted in Polypropylence Sheet bonding part, can not leak, to control water quality and daily management.
Plant the selection of the frog, plant the general Dongbei forest-frog of selecting for 2～4 ages of the frog, body weight 30～50g, female-male proportion is 1:1.1.
Before wood frog lays eggs, wood frog to be pulled out and falls ovum from wintering pond, while falling ovum, the female frog and the male frog will be held separately, in case fall ovum, just not embrace together; Available large basin holds wood frog, and large basin outer mask gauze, in case wood frog escapes, is positioned over indoor shady and cool part, and room temperature needs 4～7 days 5～10 ℃ of condition drop ovum processes.After having fallen ovum, male and female wood frog is put together and matched, after pairing, the female frog lays eggs very soon.
After the kind frog lays eggs, ovum group places more than 4 hours in water, and ovum is fully fertilized, then with dredger, ovum group is pulled out gently and puts into hatchery.If ovum group is excessive, ovum group can be divided into less ovum group, generally with 200～300/.Embryo can obtain sufficient dissolved oxygen like this, is conducive to the better hatching of ovum group.
Wood frog has produced after ovum, just enters the spawn incubation stage, and frog's egg is higher at 11 ℃ of left and right incubation rates of water temperature, and the preference temperature of ovum hatching is 8～12 ℃, and suitable pH value is 6～7, and hatching density is 4/㎡.
The management of reinforcement to Chi Shui reduces the replacing speed of Chi Shui as far as possible, and hatchery is not changed water for first 5 days, within the 6th day, changes water 30%, increases the time chien shih water temperature of storing and raises.Water quality must clean, and prevents from bringing into silt.
After tadpole hatches, now outside air temperature is low, is not suitable for Growth of Tadpoles, by temperature in controllable greenhouse, regulates water temperature to make it warm indoor feeding, when ambient temperature is suitable, tadpole is transplanted in outdoor hatchery and is raised.
Tadpole hatching is out rear take egg jelly for 3～5 days as food, does not need the artificial food of mending.When tadpole total length 8～10mm, can oneself look for food, now, can feed a little sponge cakes or blood bean curd.Can eat food within the 3rd day, to start to feed manufactured feed or make feed change feed by oneself to have the transitional period of 2～3 days, and then the pellet of feeding.
1000～2000/m of breeding density before tadpole 10 ages in days
3, after 10 ages in days, be 800/m
3.
Before tadpole hatches, need not change water, tadpole hatching changes water after out again, starts to change water once in 2～3 days, along with growing up and the increase of appetite of tadpole, changes water every day once.
The temperature at initial stage is between 10～15 ℃.At the Development of Tadpole initial stage, temperature is lower, at this moment can be by regulating irrigation quantity to improve water temperature.Daytime light irrigation water, after solar radiation water temperature improve fast, evening deep irrigation water, fine day light irrigation water, overcast and rainy deep irrigation water.
The cultivation of outdoor tadpole, rising along with temperature, indoor and outdoor water temperature is more or less the same, tadpole also constantly grows up, in hatchery, the density of tadpole is large with regard to some, in hatchery, quantity of exchanged water is too much, needs larger space to cultivate, and tadpole be moved on to outdoor tadpole raising pond by the hatching breeding pool from greenhouse.
By diddle-net, tadpole is put into bucket, be transplanted in outdoor raising pond.Generally be selected in and sooner or later carry out.
Outdoor feeding is basically identical with indoor feeding, the variation of mainly holding scale of feeding, and feeding time is the morning 7～9 o'clock, afternoon 4～6 o'clock, every day 2 times, foodstuff is with surplus or few surplus being advisable.Before feeding, feed to be soaked in water 5～10 minutes.
The temperature that tadpole suitable growth is grown is 16～20 ℃, and water temperature is male more higher than 20 ℃.The later stage of outdoor raising, constantly note the rising of water temperature, can be by changing water for cooling and adding a cover shade net the two integrated use of lowering the temperature and lower the temperature.
Through raising after a while, tadpole enters period of metamorphosis, and tadpole starts to occur pleurapophysis, while being about to grow forelimb, tadpole is pulled out and is transplanted in booth multi-function pool.
Dongbei forest-frog provided by the present invention is done sth. in advance mating system, has solved the problems such as short during Growth of Tadpoles in current forest frog culture, tadpole body weight is little, and abnormal young frog individuality is little, and physique is weak, has increased culture benefit, specific as follows:
1) lay eggs ahead of time, hatch and can make wood frog abnormal 10～15 days in advance, the culturing time of increase wood frog 10～15 days;
2) utilize greenhouse cultivation forest frog tadpoles to contribute to extend the growing period of tadpole, make more than the weight limit of high tadpole reaches 1.6g, more than the body weight after metamorphosis reaches 0.6g;
3) breed ahead of time, the growth of forest frog tadpoles is carried out at lower temperature, improve the female rate to 60% of forest frog tadpoles.
specific implementation process
In the Three Eastern Provinces, because accumulated temperature is lower, ice face becomes civilized late, wood frog comes out of hibernation more late, for extending wood frog growth time, can within about 20 days, lay eggs and raise ahead of time according to local wood frog egg-laying time, whole feeding process is the selection of kind of the frog, the falling ovum, match, lay eggs of wood frog, the hatching of frog's egg, indoor tadpole cultivation and outdoor tadpole cultivate.Plant the general healthy and strong Dongbei forest-frog of selecting for 2～4 ages of the frog, body weight 30～50g.
Before tadpole cultivation, to greenhouse, hatching culturing pool and outdoor breeding pond be built complete.And greenhouse, hatching culturing pool and outdoor breeding are carried out to pasteurised completely with disinfectant; At the bottom of being evenly spilled into pond with disinfectant, after 5～7 days, spreading Polypropylence Sheet and then discharge water, the depth of water 20～25cm, and to water body and instrument sterilization.
Fall ovum, wood frog is pulled out and falls ovum from wintering pond, the female frog and the male frog be held separately, in case fall ovum, does not just embrace together.Available large basin holds wood frog, and large basin outer mask gauze, in case wood frog escapes, is positioned over indoor shady and cool part, and room temperature is at 5～10 ℃.Ordinary circumstance drop ovum process needs 4～7 days.Dongbei forest-frog enters before spawning pond matches, and first uses disinfectant dipping 5 minutes, is then moved into spawning pond.
Pairing, before Dongbei forest-frog pairing, first uses disinfectant dipping 5 minutes, is then moved into spawning pond.The spawning pond kind frog is thrown in density and is generally 20 Dui/㎡ left and right, and water level remains on 10～20cm, 7～12 ℃ of water temperatures.By male and female 1:1.1 proportional paired.The minimum temperature of pairing wants water temperature more than 5 ℃, and suitable temperature is 7～9 ℃ of water temperatures.Normal condition is sowed after the frog enters spawning pond and just can be embraced laying eggs for 1～2 hour, in the suitable situation of temperature, sows after the frog enters spawning pond and just all lays eggs in 1～3 day, if any the kind frog not laying eggs, can be eliminated.
Lay eggs, wood frog through embracing to after start to lay eggs, the egg-laying time of wood frog is very of short duration, is generally about 1 minute.The pH value of spawning pond water is 6.1～6.9.It is 15cm that wood frog row is incubated optimum depth.The wood frog minimum water temperature of laying eggs is 5 ℃, and suitable water temperature is 10 ℃.Be wood frog spawning peak early morning.
Collection and the transportation of ovum group: gathering, contain ovum instrument can be with grasping net, and for mesh bag, window screening, gauze all can.Sheng ovum instrument, discharges water in bucket for well with bucket, prevents the adhesion of ovum group.Fishing for ovum group should early carry out, every morning 5～10 point.Long distance transportation, contains ovum instrument larger, amount of water Ying Shi ovum group long-pending 1/3rd.
After the kind frog lays eggs, ovum group places more than 4 hours in water, it is fully fertilized, then pulls out and put into hatchery with dredger.If ovum group is excessive, ovum group can be divided into less ovum group.Embryo can obtain sufficient dissolved oxygen like this, is conducive to the better hatching of ovum group.Hatching, hatching refers to the overall process of wood frog early embryonic development.From the spilting of an egg, start to have covered the phase only to the cheek, in the suitable situation of water temperature, fertilized egg can hatch tadpole in 12～15 days.
While blowing, closed greenhouse, with wind sheltering, avoids ovum group to be arrived on one side by wind; Night and microthermal climate closed greenhouse are to reduce day and night temperature, and in greenhouse, comparable outdoor raising temperature is more than 5 ℃, and temperature increase makes tadpole grow quickening.Spawn incubation water temperature early stage should be at 10～12 ℃, 12～14 ℃ of later stages.
Hatching density be take 4/㎡ as good.The ovum group producing on the same day is still placed on a hatchery hatching.The depth of water 15～50 ㎝, water temperature is low, and water level can be reduced to 10 ㎝, and increases illumination; When water temperature is high, can suitably add deep water level, and take miniflow to change the measures such as water, shading and ventilation and reduce water temperature.
Reduce the replacing speed of Chi Shui, water is not changed in incubating tadpole pond for first 5 days as far as possible, within the 6th day, changes water 30%.Water quality must clean, and prevents from bringing into silt.During incubating oosperm, fluctuating temperature is unsuitable excessive.It is tranquil that the water surface will keep, and the vibration of water can make also not have fully-developed idiosome to depart from too early egg jelly, and because egg jelly is the source of nutrition of just having hatched tadpole, so idiosome leaves too early egg jelly and is unfavorable for its normal development.
Note checking hatching quality, particularly low temperature condition of running check water temperature, check that frog's egg has pollution-free.If egg membrane is sparkling and crystal-clear transparent, illustrate normal.
After spawn incubation completes, the cultivation of tadpole has just started.Dongbei forest-frog spawning and hatching was than about 20 days in advance of field.Now outside air temperature is low, is not suitable for Growth of Tadpoles, and the initial stage of Growth of Tadpoles also will carry out in greenhouse.
Breeding density, according to the age in days of tadpole, determines rational breeding density, and tadpole stocking density should be dredged unsuitable close.During spawn incubation, put into 4/m
2, to evacuate 1000～2000/m of breeding density before 10 ages in days after hatching into tadpole
3, after 10 ages in days, be 800/m
3.
Tadpole hatching out needs to change water afterwards, starts to change water once in 2～3 days, along with growing up and the increase of appetite of tadpole, changes water every day once.Can do the chase of 80*80cm, sew on crocus cloth and make basket and be placed in water, then the water pump of 2～4 tons of water yields per hour is placed in water toward extracardiac pumping on chase, the benefit of doing is like this that not plugging does not injure tadpole.During water filling, basket is above put to plank, then water pipe is placed on plank, current are milder like this, increase oxygen-adding amount simultaneously, put that to change water safer.
Within after tadpole hatching 3～5 days, take egg jelly as food, do not need the artificial food of mending.Tadpole egg jelly does not change water before eating up, and feeds opening food and add on a small quantity water again after eating up.When tadpole total length 8～10mm, can oneself look for food, now, propagate artificially and can feed a little sponge cakes or blood bean curd.Scale of feeding is 1 egg of every ten thousand tadpoles (egg is made cake).Can eat food and within the 3rd day, start to feed manufactured feed or self-control feed.Changing feed will have the transitional period of 2～3 days, and then the pellet of feeding.
Along with the rising of temperature, tadpole constantly grows up, and in hatchery, the density of tadpole is large with regard to some, and in hatchery, quantity of exchanged water is too much, needs larger space to cultivate.Tadpole need to have been moved on to tadpole raising pond in the hatchery from greenhouse.Weather difference inside and outside greenhouse is little, and water temperature difference is little; Extensible during tadpole body weight 0.3～0.5g, tadpole physique is now good, active, and resisting stress.
Outdoor feeding is basically identical with indoor feeding, and the variation of mainly holding scale of feeding is focused on the management of water, the control of growing period.Feeding time is the morning 7～9 o'clock, afternoon 4～6 o'clock, and every day 2 times, foodstuff is with not surplus or few surplus being advisable.Before feeding, feed will be soaked in water 5～10 minutes, the water yield can not be many, prevent that tadpole from eating xerophagia, and food expands and makes tadpole extremely full.With stainless steel disc, be placed in water, with on brick pad, apart from the water surface 10～15cm, as feed table.Perfect compound feed is balanced in nutrition comprehensively, does not generally separately add feed or additive.
Water temperature is very important to growing of tadpole, and temperature affects the differentiation of tadpole sex, also affects the growing period of tadpole.Facts have proved, the ideal temperature that Tadpole of Wood Frog is grown is 16～20 ℃.Tadpole with this understanding, generally just can complete metamorphosis through 50～60 days.Early stage, temperature was low, be temperature increase to 16 ℃, and later stage temperature is high, water temperature is controlled at below 20 ℃, and female frog ratio can increase with this understanding, and general female ratio is 50%～60%.
Tadpole will be controlled the rising of water temperature in outdoor raising pond, and interchangeable water and the cooling of sheltering from heat or light, change water for cooling generally in the morning, changes water every day 1 time, and different according to water source, the river amount of changing is 2/3, and well water changes 1/3, and well water will shine water; The cooling of sheltering from heat or light, is placed in tadpole with the shade net that can pull and raises 70cm place, top, pond, and when temperature is high, the time of sheltering from heat or light is long, otherwise, short; Cloudy day is not used shade net.
Tadpole normal growth is grown needed dissolved oxygen amount generally will be more than 6mg/L, and under this condition, tadpole is taken food, and growth is fast, and bait utilization is high.Dissolved oxygen is higher does not generally have any harm to tadpole, but degree of depth supersaturation oxygen causes bubble illness sometimes.
PH value is an overall target of reflection water quality, and the pH value of tadpole cultivation phase raising Chi Shui should be between 6.0～7.0.
The natural enemy of tadpole phase is a lot, at occurring in nature, mainly contains insects, birds, batrachia, muroid and snake class.Insects harm, occurring when slight can artificial capture method; To birds can people for driveing, strictly keep an eye on; Mouse and snake class had both been preyed on tadpole, ate steathily again fine fodder, often kill mouse, catch snakes.
Through raising after a while, tadpole enters period of metamorphosis, and tadpole starts to occur pleurapophysis, while being about to grow forelimb, tadpole is pulled out and is transplanted in booth multi-function pool.Before shifting, be booth or the sterilization of fence colony house, the good water of abnormal basin irrigation, the depth of water in abnormal pond is 30～40cm, adjusts the temp. and humidity in booth simultaneously, to treat entering of tadpole.
Calculate the quantity of throwing in tadpole in the abnormal pond of tadpole.When putting Abnormal tadpole in a suitable place to breed, according to raise quantity number determine abnormal pond area with put quantity in a suitable place to breed.Tadpole density in abnormal pond should be in 1000/ ㎡.
Claims (4)
1. the method that Dongbei forest-frog is bred ahead of time, mainly comprises the following steps:
The structure in a, greenhouse, hatching culturing pool, outdoor breeding pond, greenhouse sits in the north facing the south, east-west, and rise is 2.7～3.2m, and rear wall of greenhouse height is determined according to rise, is 1.5～2.1m; Greenhouse span is 6～8m, and length is determined according to needs; Hatching culturing pool in greenhouse, the length in pond, according to the span in greenhouse, is 5m, wide is 3～4m, the high 0.5m in pond, the interior plastic covering leak-stopping water of deploying troops on garrison duty; Outdoor breeding pond is east-west, rectangle, and length 30～40 m, aspect ratio is 5:3, the dark 0.8～1.0m in hatchery;
B, plant the frog selection, fall ovum and lay eggs, plant the Dongbei forest-frog that the frog selected for 2～4 ages, body weight 30～50g, female-male proportion is 1:1.1; While falling ovum, wood frog is pulled out from wintering pond, be positioned over indoor shady and cool part, room temperature is at 5～10 ℃; The time of falling ovum is relevant with temperature, and falling ovum process needs 4～7 days, and the wood frog that has fallen ovum is placed in spawning pond, and wood frog embraces soon to having laid eggs;
The hatching of c, frog's egg, wood frog has produced after ovum, just enters the hatching stage, and the optimal temperature of Dongbei forest-frog ovum hatching is 8～12 ℃, and suitable pH value is 6～7, and hatching density is with 4/㎡;
The cultivation of d, tadpole, tadpole hatching is out rear take egg jelly for 3～5 days as food, does not need the artificial food of mending; When tadpole total length 8～10mm, can oneself look for food, now, can feed a little sponge cakes or blood bean curd; Can eat food and within the 3rd day, start to feed manufactured feed or self-control feed; The desirable water temperature of Tadpole of Wood Frog cultivation is 16～20 ℃, and density is 800/m
3; Through the raising of tens days, entering abnormal pond abnormal was froglet;
The Dongbei forest-frog of propagating ahead of time hatching artificially time of laying eggs of coming out of hibernation is 15～20 days that wild wood frog comes out of hibernation before laying eggs;
It is little that tadpole moves on to from the hatching culturing pool in greenhouse temperature, water temperature difference that tadpole raises inside and outside Yao greenhouse, pond, and tadpole body weight is 0.3～0.5g, and at 4 o'clock in the morning carried out.
2. ahead of time mating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, wood frog spawning pond and hatchery will be built in greenhouse, want airtight greenhouse when wood frog lays eggs with spawn incubation, improve indoor temperature and water temperature, on the heelpiece of hatching breeding pool pond, cystosepiment or rice husk are incubated; Weather is sombre, temperature is low, night and while blowing closed greenhouse to reduce day and night temperature and insulation.
3. mating system ahead of time as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, after the kind frog lays eggs, ovum group will place more than 4 hours in water; Ovum group will be divided into the little group of 200～300 greatly; During hatching, hatching breeding pool does not change water for first 5 days, within the 6th day, changes water 30%, and smart ovum is fully fertilized, and improves incubation rate.
4. ahead of time mating system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the method for noting draining in tadpole hatching breeding pool is to do the square chase of 80cm, sews on crocus cloth and makes basket and be placed in water, then water pump is placed in water toward extracardiac pumping on chase; During water filling, basket is above put to the square plank of 100cm, then water pipe is placed on plank, then toward water filling in pond.
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| CN104082240A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-10-08 | 重庆市万州区伦友食用蛙养殖有限公司 | Frog breeding method |
| CN113519456B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2022-09-06 | 三江县连兴科技有限公司 | Five-step snake breeding method |
| CN114946757B (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2023-06-20 | 通威股份有限公司 | Frog one-year two-batch cultivation mode and cultivation system |
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| BR9503275A (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 1998-08-04 | Aguiar Haroldo Pinto De | Vertical system for raising frogs in self-supporting aquatic trays |
| CN101803585A (en) * | 2010-04-20 | 2010-08-18 | 张凤春 | Sex control and breeding technology of forest frogs |
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