CN102383955A - Method for controlling and reducing thermal load of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for controlling and reducing thermal load of internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102383955A
CN102383955A CN2011101849534A CN201110184953A CN102383955A CN 102383955 A CN102383955 A CN 102383955A CN 2011101849534 A CN2011101849534 A CN 2011101849534A CN 201110184953 A CN201110184953 A CN 201110184953A CN 102383955 A CN102383955 A CN 102383955A
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China
Prior art keywords
temperature
explosive motor
cylinder head
cyl
limit
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CN2011101849534A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
A·布罗伊尔
J·梅林
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Publication of CN102383955A publication Critical patent/CN102383955A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1473—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation method
    • F02D41/1475—Regulating the air fuel ratio at a value other than stoichiometry
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2025/00—Measuring
    • F01P2025/08—Temperature
    • F01P2025/33—Cylinder head temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/08—Cabin heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/021—Engine temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
    • F02D41/0055—Special engine operating conditions, e.g. for regeneration of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/09—Constructional details, e.g. structural combinations of EGR systems and supercharger systems; Arrangement of the EGR and supercharger systems with respect to the engine
    • F02M26/10—Constructional details, e.g. structural combinations of EGR systems and supercharger systems; Arrangement of the EGR and supercharger systems with respect to the engine having means to increase the pressure difference between the exhaust and intake system, e.g. venturis, variable geometry turbines, check valves using pressure pulsations or throttles in the air intake or exhaust system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves making chemical pulp to react with chlorine dioxide at a temperature of 50 to 150 degree Celsius and a pH in the range from 2 to 7, until more than 90 percent of the chlorine dioxide is reacted. Aqueous mixture is made to react without separating off constituents of the mixture with 0.1 to 5 percent by weight of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of molybdate in an amount of 10 to 2000 ppm of molybdenum or tungstate in an amount of 200 to 10000 ppm of tungsten, at the temperature of 50 to 150 degree Celsius. The respective amounts are based on used mass of dry chemical pulp. Aqueous solution is brought into contact with water-insoluble, cationized inorganic support material, where cationized phyllosilicate or bentonite ion-exchanged with a quaternary ammonium salt is used as the material.

Description

The method of restriction explosive motor thermal load
Technical field
The present invention relates to limit and reduce the method for explosive motor thermal load, said explosive motor has at least one cylinder head, and said explosive motor has at least one cylinder.
The invention still further relates to the explosive motor of implementing this method.
Background technique
The explosive motor type of more than describing is used to the drive unit of motor vehicle.In the context of the present invention, statement " explosive motor " comprises DENG and spark ignition engine, and comprises the mixing explosive motor, promptly uses the explosive motor of mixed combustion process operation.
Explosive motor has at least one cylinder head to have formed at least one cylinder (being the firing chamber), and said cylinder head is connected to cylinder block.Between the inflation commutation period, combustion gas are discharged from via outlet and the firing chamber is inflated, and promptly introduce fresh mixture or fresh air via the import of said at least one cylinder.In order to control the inflation exchange, in four stroke engine, almost only use poppet valve as control unit, this poppet valve is carried out reciprocal lifter motion at the run duration of explosive motor, and opens and close import and outlet in this way.The required valve actuation mechanism of valve motion comprises that valve itself is called as valve actuator.
Cylinder head is used for the retentive control element, and under the situation of overhead camshaft, keeps whole valve actuator.In spark ignition IC engine, needed spark device also is set in the cylinder head, and in this external straight spray explosive motor, injection apparatus can be set in the cylinder head.
In order between cylinder head and cylinder block, to form suitable connection, i.e. the connection of sealed combustion chamber must provide the enough big hole of sufficient amount, and these holes have greatly influenced the structural design of cylinder head together.
If explosive motor has Control device of liquid cooling, then in cylinder head, form a plurality of coolant conduits or at least one coolant jacket usually, coolant conduit or coolant jacket conduct coolant are passed cylinder head; This requires the cylinder head arrangement of high complexity.
Be clear that through above description: the cylinder head of explosive motor is high heat load and mechanical load parts.Therefore, further increased requirement for cylinder head.Under this background, what must consider is, to the more vast scale supercharging of explosive motor---and by means of exhaust turbine supercharger or mechanical supercharger.Owing to encapsulation more intensive in engine compartment and the increase (the for example integration of gas exhaust manifold) that is incorporated into the part and assembly in the cylinder head; The thermal load of explosive motor and the thermal load of cylinder head especially increase, so cooling system is compelled to improve requirement and must take measures the thermal overload that prevents explosive motor reliably.
Basically can adopt the mode of air-cooling apparatus or Control device of liquid cooling for engine cooling apparatus.Under the situation of air-cooling apparatus, explosive motor is equipped with fan, wherein realizes the dissipation of heat through cylinder head surface through the guiding air stream.
Because the flowing fluid ratio air has higher thermal capacity, the more heat so use Control device of liquid cooling ratio use air-cooling apparatus can dissipate.Reason for this reason, explosive motor is equipped with Control device of liquid cooling more and more.
Control device of liquid cooling requires explosive motor or cylinder head to be equipped with coolant jacket, and promptly conduct coolant is passed the coolant conduit device of cylinder head.The heat that in heat exchanger, is dissipated to freezing mixture is extracted out from freezing mixture once more, and said heat exchanger preferably is arranged on the front area of vehicle.
No matter be designed to air-cooling apparatus or Control device of liquid cooling, engine cooling apparatus generally all is designed according to the maximum cooling requirement that is taken place.The result of this method is engine cooling apparatus operation is overdimensioned for driven, is overdimensioned with respect to the average cooling requirement that is taken place promptly.
In order to prevent the overheated of explosive motor reliably; The cooling capacity of engine cooling apparatus designed to be used the running state with high cooling requirement or maximum cooling requirement; Said running state with the high capacity simultaneously of the low speed of vehicle be characteristic (promptly; The operation conditions that takes place during for example driving), even if so that required cooling capacity can be provided under worst situation about accelerating period and climbing.Under this situation, there is not the required air stream of heat dissipation, engine cooling apparatus has to handle (promptly dissipating) greatly heat.
Come the designed engines cooling unit can cause out-of-proportion large scale according to the scheme of above description, promptly overdimensioned cooling unit.As a result, the fan of air-cooling apparatus or the heat exchanger of Control device of liquid cooling (being cooler) have very large size, and operation is unwanted even this is for normal driving, that is to say that this not necessarily except a small amount of extreme driving situation.
Especially, this design under the Control device of liquid cooling situation causes very large cooler, and said cooler is very difficult for the front area that is installed in vehicle.
Under this background; Must consider that also cooler can not be amplified to the degree of any desired; Because other heat exchangers (specifically being cooling unit) generally are provided; So that guarantee reliable, the errorless operation of explosive motor, perhaps so that optimize the operation of explosive motor, and excessive cooler its be provided with and size aspect significant limitation other heat exchangers.
Some examples of other heat exchangers will be mentioned and described following, so that this problem is described.
Because the heat that fuel combustion discharges not only is dissipated in the wall, blast air and possible engine coolant of restriction firing chamber, also part is dissipated in the engine oil.Because transmission of heat and natural convection are not enough to reach acceptable maximum oil temperature usually through the heat dissipation of food tray, therefore extra oil cooler must be provided.
Charge air cooler is set at the air inlet side of explosive motor usually, and said charge air cooler has reduced the temperature of fresh air that is introduced into or the fresh mixture that is introduced into, and thereby increases the density of cylinder fresh charge.In this way, charge air cooler helps to improve and uses air or fresh mixture to the inflation in the firing chamber.Boosting explosive motor is equipped with charge air cooler routinely.
Except charge air cooler, explosive motor also has other heat exchangers, particularly cooling unit usually.
The modern ic motor is equipped with exhaust gas recirculatioon (EGR) device more and more.Exhaust gas recirculatioon (be combustion gas from the exhaust side of explosive motor to the air inlet side recirculation) is considered to be of value to the target of realization about the limit value of following pollutant emission, especially about the limit value of discharged nitrous oxides.Because the formation of nitrogen oxide needs high temperature, comprise the combustion process of study low-temperature burning so reduce a theory of the discharging of nitrogen oxide, i.e. combustion method, wherein exhaust gas recirculatioon is a kind of mode of reduction temperature.
Along with exhaust gas recirculation rate increases, nitrogen oxides emissions can greatly be reduced.At this, exhaust gas recirculation rate x EGRBe confirmed as x EGR=m EGR/ (m EGR+ m Fresh air), m wherein EGRAir displacement and m that indication is recycled Fresh airThe fresh air that indication is supplied to and quilt suitably compresses or the amount of inflation.
In order to make discharged nitrous oxides greatly reduce, need big exhaust gas recirculation rate, it can have m EGRThe order of magnitude of ≈ 50% to 70%.
In order to realize this big recirculation rate, the exhaust that cooling is recycled is very important, and promptly is very important through the cooled compressed exhaust, so that increase the density of EGR gas.Therefore explosive motor is equipped with the extra cooling unit that is used to cool off the exhaust that is recycled.
Other coolers can be provided, for example be used for cooling off the transmission oil of automatic transmission and/or be used for cooling liquid hydraulic fluid (specifically being hydraulic oil), it is used to the hydraulic actuating regulating device, or is used for assisted diversion.
Another heat exchanger is the air-conditioning condenser of air-conditioning system, and said condenser is usually according to the cool stream process operation.The temperature of air stream that is supplied to passenger compartment wherein flows through the inboard freezing mixture of vaporizer and from air stream, extracts heat, through evaporating like this along with it flows and be reduced around vaporizer.
Be clear that through above description: the modern ic motor is equipped with a plurality of heat exchangers; They have enough big heat transfer surface for the function of carrying out them must be formed without any exception; Consider limited space availability; The size of the single heat exchanger in this is forwardly regional usually is a problem in setting and being provided with, and has promptly caused contradiction.
Therefore, according to existing technology, cooler is provided with one by one, their each intervals and so that overlapping.If guide plate is used to guide air stream to pass engine compartment suitably.
Under this background, the cooler of Control device of liquid cooling is a particular importance, because said cooler can not save for the reliable operation of explosive motor, and must handle a large amount of heats.
Even if under halted state; Promptly be in when static when motor vehicle; Perhaps only under the low speed of vehicle; Still the heat exchanger (being cooling unit) to cooling system provides enough big air mass flow, and some cooling systems of modern automotive vehicle drive unit are equipped with the powerful fan motor, this powerful fan motor driven (promptly with the rotation mode setting) blast fan.Fan motor generally be electricity operatively and can be basically assist heat transfer in heat exchanger at any desired operating point place.This fan motor is controlled through engine controller.
In any case, the thermal load of restriction explosive motor under the least favorable state even other measures are necessary.
In order to prevent the thermal overload of the single parts of explosive motor,, when the expectation high exhaust temperature, carry out enriched combustion (λ＜1) usually according to existing technology.At this, spray than actual and the air quantity that the provides required more fuel that burns mutually, wherein too much fuel is heated equally and evaporates, so the decline of the temperature of combustion gas.Said method is considered to disadvantageous from the energy related aspect, and particularly fuel consumption aspect and the pollutant emission aspect about explosive motor is disadvantageous, but it is considered to for realizing that target is feasible and useful in any case.
Delivery temperature also reduces through rare (λ＞1) fuel basically.The effect of its effect during similar in appearance to enriched combustion.The excess of fuel of comparing during enriched combustion (λ＜1) is sprayed; During rare process, spray than the required fuel still less of air quantity burning actual and that provide, promptly provide than the needed more air of fuel combustion; Wherein excess air is participated in combustion process, promptly by subsidiary heating.The temperature of combustion gas is lowered in this way.The temperature of phase mode reduces obviously littler than the reduction during the enriched combustion, because compare with excess of fuel, excess air need not evaporated.
In the context of the present invention, when the over-stoichiometric operating mode owing to explosive motor makes that air ratio reduces, also be called as enriched combustion sometimes.
According to existing technology, in the control and/or adjustment of enriched combustion, delivery temperature is used as input variable or adjusts variable, so that the part temperatures of the single parts of restriction explosive motor.At this, the temperature that restriction or minimizing explosive motor are whole or the load of minimizing cooling system are not main purposes.
Summary of the invention
Compare with the background of above description; The objective of the invention is to indicate the method according to restriction of the present invention and the thermal load of minimizing explosive motor, it has further improved from cooling means well known in the prior art and has considered such fact especially: whole explosive motor is the practical object of cooling means.
The explosive motor that provides the said type method of enforcement of other specific items of the present invention.
First specific item be to realize that through restriction and the method that reduces the explosive motor thermal load said explosive motor has at least one cylinder head, said cylinder head has at least one cylinder, said method is characterised in that:
The temperature T of-cylinder head CylBe determined, and
If-cylinder head temperature T CylSurpass the predetermined upper limit value temperature T Limit, up, i.e. T Cyl>=T Limit, up, then air ratio lambda is reduced.
According to the present invention, air ratio lambda is as cylinder head temperature T CylFunction and change.In order to limit or reduce the thermal load of explosive motor, as cylinder head temperature T CylWhen surpassing critical value, implement the enriched combustion of fuel, promptly air ratio lambda is reduced.
In this way, directly interrelate the cylinder head temperature T of concrete and explosive motor according to the method for the invention with the explosive motor that is cooled CylTherefore interrelate, and interrelate with the part of the direct object of cooling means.The decision of whether implementing enriched combustion is based on the Current Temperatures T of cylinder head CylMake.
Therefore, be characterised in that according to the method for the invention that the accurate temperature that under the cooling background of explosive motor, should be limited or reduce specifically is cylinder head temperature T Cyl, be used as the input variable or the adjustment variable of control or adjustment enriched combustion, and conventional method monitoring delivery temperature and use its indication, so that only prevent single parts overheated of explosive motor as enriched combustion.
According to the present invention, promptly the cooling of enriched combustion still takes place when being considered to unnecessary based on the conventional method of current delivery temperature in box lunch, but this moment cylinder head temperature T CylSurpass predetermined upper limit temperature T Limit, up
Prevented in this way from explosive motor, to extract than actual demand less heat and the overheated situation of explosive motor.As cylinder head temperature T CylWhen reaching maximum permissive temperature, implement enriched combustion, so that satisfy current cooling requirement and restriction or reduce the thermal load of explosive motor, even if delivery temperature is not indicated enriched combustion as the additional measures that reduces temperature.
Through according to the method for the invention; First purpose that the present invention is based on is to realize through specifically indicating the method that is used to limit and reduces the thermal load of explosive motor; Said method has further been improved cooling means well known in the prior art, and has considered such fact especially: explosive motor is the practical object of cooling means.
No matter method of the present invention is promptly by cylinder head temperature T CylThe enriched combustion of indication, enriched combustion also because other reasons takes place or implemented, for example are used to reduce the enriched combustion of delivery temperature usually, so that the protection exhaust after treatment system can be not overheated.
The favourable modification of other of this method will combine embodiment to be illustrated.
The such embodiment of this method is favourable, wherein only as cylinder head temperature T CylSurpass predetermined upper limit temperature T Limit, upAnd section Δ t at the fixed time UpIn be kept above said upper limiting temperature T Limit, upThe time, air ratio lambda is reduced.
If cylinder head temperature T CylOnly temporarily surpass predetermined upper limit temperature T Limit, upAnd and then descend or fluctuation around predetermined limit temperature; And do not have excessive with the proof fuel enriched combustion; The introducing that then reduces the extra situation of air ratio lambda is to want the variation that prevents that reliably Operational Limits is too frequent or hurry; Particularly arrive the transition of enriched combustion, this enriched combustion is the substoichiometric operating mode of explosive motor.
Thus; Must consider only when actual requirement protection explosive motor avoids overheated, should advantageously implement according to enriched combustion of the present invention; Because consider, specifically be to consider that from the fuel consumption aspect and the pollutant emission aspect of explosive motor enriched combustion is disadvantageous from the energy aspect.Particularly, enriched combustion always possibly not move explosive motor in such a way, and is desired like the exhaust after treatment system that is for example provided.Enriched combustion should only be implemented when actual demand.
The such embodiment of this method is favourable, and wherein air ratio lambda is reduced from the stoichiometry operating mode (λ ≈ 1) of explosive motor, so explosive motor is converted to substoichiometric operating mode (λ＜1).
According to existing technology, in order to reduce pollutant emission, explosive motor is equipped with various exhaust gas post-treatment devices.Under the situation of spark ignition engine, even if use the catalytic reactor of catalysis material to guarantee the oxidation of HC and CO at low temperatures.If nitrogen oxide is by reduction extraly, this can use triple mode catalytic converter to realize, yet requires stoichiometry operation (λ ≈ 1) for this purpose in narrow limits.At this, nitrogen oxide NO xNot oxidized exhaust gas composition through existing is reduced, and said not oxidized exhaust gas composition specifically is carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons at this, and wherein said exhaust gas composition is simultaneously oxidized.
If air ratio lambda reduces from the stoichiometry operating mode (λ ≈ 1) of explosive motor, then enriched combustion directly takes place, and wherein injected fuel is more than what can burn.The evaporation that excess of fuel takes place during fuel/air mixture combusts causes the reduction of process temperature (being FT).This also follows cylinder head temperature T CylReduction.The thermal load of explosive motor reduces.
If air ratio lambda reduces from the over-stoichiometric operating mode (λ＞1) of explosive motor, then process temperature or cylinder head temperature T CylInitially steadily raising under the situation separately, because before the transition to the substoichiometric mixture takes place, at first consuming the excess air in lean/air mixture.
The such embodiment of this method is favourable, if cylinder head temperature T wherein CylBe lower than the predetermined lower bound temperature T Limit, down, i.e. T Cyl≤T Limit, down, then air ratio lambda is raise from the substoichiometric operating mode (λ＜1) of explosive motor once more.
Like what described in other places, enriched combustion is being disadvantageous aspect the fuel consumption of explosive motor and the pollutant emission.The excess of fuel that is in the state of combustion is discharged from the cylinder of explosive motor, and therefore, during the enriched combustion operating mode, particularly the concentration of unburned carbon hydrogen mixture is significantly raise in the exhaust.
Therefore, only should, necessary or recommendation protection explosive motor implement enriched combustion when avoiding overheated.Because same reason, enriched combustion operating mode only should keep when this operating mode can not be exempted.
Therefore, as cylinder head temperature T CylAllow this situation to take place, promptly be lower than the predetermined lower bound temperature T Limit, downThe time, be favourable according to the modification rising air ratio lambda of the method for being discussed.At this, fuel/air mixture mixing quilt thinning and explosive motor once more is converted into stoichiometry or over-stoichiometric operating mode.
In this background, the such embodiment of this method is favourable equally, if wherein only at cylinder head temperature T CylBe lower than the predetermined lower bound temperature T Limit, downAnd section Δ t at the fixed time DownIn keep below said limit temperature T Limit, downThe time, air ratio lambda is increased once more.
The situation that above air ratio lambda increases is attempted the auxiliary variation that Operational Limits is too frequent or hurry that prevents.Made section Δ t correlation time UpThe embodiment's who describes reference.Follow the method for being discussed, can make a response to following view by rights: cylinder head temperature T wherein CylOnly of short durationly be lower than lower limit temperature T Limit, downAnd and then raise or fluctuation around predetermined limit temperature.
The such embodiment of this method is favourable, wherein the temperature T of cylinder head CylMathematically confirmed.
Cylinder head temperature T CylArithmetic confirm and can implement that it has utilized from model well known in the prior art, the dynamic heat model and the kinematics model of the heat of reaction of for example confirming to produce during the burning through for example simulation.Input signal as simulation preferably utilizes the available Operational Limits of explosive motor, promptly has been the definite parameter of other purposes.
Analog computation is characterised in that and need not the miscellaneous part, particularly sensor of confirming temperature is provided that this is favourable aspect cost.Yet shortcoming is that the cylinder head temperature of confirming in this way only is an estimated value, and this possibly reduce the quality for the control or the adjustment of air ratio lambda.
The such embodiment of this method also is favourable, wherein the temperature T of cylinder head CylDirectly or indirectly to be detected through the measurement of sensor.
Detect normally difficulty of delivery temperature through measuring, because in an exhaust, can reach very high temperature in the runtime of explosive motor, and in some cases, for example in the inside of exhaust after treatment system, this measurement is impossible.In addition, the setting of temperature transducer can influence the inflation exchange in some cases unfriendly in the vent systems.
By contrast, detect cylinder head temperature T through measuring CylThere is not hell and high water.Cylinder head has the temperature of appropriateness relatively, even if work as explosive motor by preheating, and the multiple choices that sensor is set (being diverse location) is provided in addition, and the function of explosive motor is not had adverse influence.
The modification of this method is favourable under following situation, and wherein explosive motor is equipped with engine controller and the cylinder head temperature T through sensor CylBe provided as input variable.
In order to estimate cylinder head temperature T Cyl, also can consider the temperature, particularly cylinder block temperature of different parts, the cylinder block temperature can be for example to be detected or definite by mathematically through analog computation through the measurement of sensor.In said modification, the temperature of cylinder head uses different temperatures to be confirmed indirectly.
Under the situation of the explosive motor of liquid cooling, also can use coolant temperature or mixing temperature to confirm (promptly estimating) cylinder head temperature T Cyl, wherein said mixing temperature is made up of part temperatures and coolant temperature.
The modification of this method is favourable under following situation, wherein reaches or expect that the some place that very high cylinder head temperature or maximum in-cylinder are covered temperature confirms temperature at cylinder head.
Also can detect cylinder head temperature T at a some place Cyl, so that confirm the temperature T at (promptly estimating) some other some places of cylinder head Cyl, specifically relate to the point of predetermined limit temperature.Said method (promptly through some place's detected temperatures and indicate the limit temperature at some other some place) is possible basically, but need be purpose conversion temperature relatively.
The embodiment of this method is favourable under following situation; Wherein explosive motor is equipped with Control device of liquid cooling; At least one coolant jacket that wherein belongs to freezing mixture conduction coolant circuit is incorporated at least one cylinder head, thereby forms Control device of liquid cooling.Because liquid has big thermal capacity, so a large amount of heat can be dissipated through Control device of liquid cooling.
Thus, the such embodiment of this method is favourable, water wherein, and the water that preferably comprises additive is used as freezing mixture.
About other freezing mixtures, glassware for drinking water has following advantage: nontoxic, stablize availablely and cheap, and have very large thermal capacity in addition, and reason water is suitable for the extraction and the dissipation of a large amount of heats for this reason, and this allows to use undersized relatively cooler.
Yet the embodiment of this method also is favourable under following situation, and is wherein oily, is preferably the engine oil of explosive motor, is used as freezing mixture.Oil has the thermal capacity littler than water, so the significantly minimizing of the cooling capacity of Control device of liquid cooling quilt, and this can expect in some cases.
Use oil to have advantage,, and generally used and be process-liquid/process fluid (process fluid) particularly because oil is used to lubricate at the run duration of explosive motor as freezing mixture.When using oil, can advantageously after cold start-up, use coolant circuit-purpose initial heated oils on the contrary-promptly with it as freezing mixture.In this way, explosive motor can be reduced in the frictional loss of warm-up phase.
As already mentioned, be equipped with at explosive motor under the situation of Control device of liquid cooling, the modification of this method can be favourable under following situation, wherein the temperature T of cylinder head CylUse the temperature of freezing mixture to confirm.
Under the situation of the explosive motor of liquid cooling, the embodiment of this method is favourable under following situation equally, wherein the temperature T of cylinder head CylUse mixing temperature to confirm that said mixing temperature is made up of part temperatures and coolant temperature.
Under the situation of the explosive motor of liquid cooling; If cylinder head temperature is confirmed through sensor; Then the modification of this method is favourable under following situation, and the sensor that wherein is used to detect cylinder head temperature is set at least one coolant jacket of cylinder head.
If at least one cylinder head has two or more than two coolant jacket, then the outlet side coolant jacket can be that water-cooling pattern and inlet side coolant jacket can be the oil cooling modes.
If explosive motor has two or more than two coolant jacket, then the coolant jacket of outlet side coolant jacket or vent systems also possibly be the oil cooling mode, so that obtain oil heating fast at warm-up phase.
Provide the method that explosive motor implements above type second specific item be to realize through explosive motor with at least one cylinder head; Said cylinder head has at least one cylinder, and said explosive motor is characterised in that and is provided for detecting cylinder head temperature T CylSensor.
The content that has been described according to the method for the invention relatively also is applied to according to explosive motor of the present invention, reason for this reason, and this method is made reference in the junction doing to describe relatively.
In the method according to the invention, air ratio lambda is as cylinder head temperature T CylFunction controlled and/or adjusted.For detected temperatures, explosive motor is equipped with sensor according to the present invention.Through said sensor to cylinder head temperature (not being delivery temperature) as detecting in the prior art be used as decision basis about the enriched combustion of fuel.
Such explosive motor embodiment is favourable, and Control device of liquid cooling wherein is provided, and at least one coolant jacket that wherein belongs to freezing mixture conduction coolant circuit is incorporated at least one cylinder head, thereby forms Control device of liquid cooling.
The explosive motor of liquid cooling is favourable under following situation, and the sensor that wherein detects cylinder head temperature is set at least one coolant jacket of cylinder head.
The explosive motor of liquid cooling also is favourable under following situation, and the sensor that wherein detects cylinder head temperature is set up contiguous at least one coolant jacket.
If the cylinder head coolant temperature is confirmed through sensor and if sensor for example is set in the coolant jacket of cylinder head and in abutting connection with the wall of cylinder head; Then sensor generally detects mixing temperature, and said mixing temperature is made up of part temperatures and coolant temperature.As a result, the cylinder head temperature that is determined is that this also is called as the mixing temperature under background of the present invention by the cylinder head temperature of coolant temperature biasing.
Description of drawings
To more the present invention be described details ground based on example embodiment according to the explosive motor of the Fig. 1 that implements this method.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 schematically shows first embodiment of explosive motor.
Reference character
1 explosive motor
2 air inlet pipelines
3 cylinders
4 gas exhaust pipings
5 charge air cooler
6 cylinder heads
7 exhaust turbine superchargers
The 7a turbo machine
The 7b compressor
8 exhaust gas recirculatioons
9 exhaust gas recirculatioon pipelines
10 coolers
11 closing elements, EGR valve
12 Control device of liquid cooling
13 heat exchangers
14 pumps
15 coolant outlets
16 sensors
17 engine controllers
18 throttle valve
19 pilot line
20 spargers
21 heating circuits
22 engine compartment heaters
23 air pipelines
24 compensation vessels
The λ air ratio
T CylCylinder head temperature
T Limit, downThe predetermined lower bound temperature
T Limit, upPredetermined upper limit temperature
Δ t DownBe lower than T Limit, downPredetermined minimum time section
Δ t UpBe higher than T Limit, upPredetermined minimum time section
Embodiment
Fig. 1 schematically shows first embodiment of the explosive motor 1 of the method for implementing the restriction thermal load.
Said explosive motor is four cylinder straight engines 1 of direct injection, and wherein four cylinders 3 are along the longitudinal axis setting of cylinder head 6, promptly in upright arrangement the setting, and under situation separately, be equipped with the sparger 20 of burner oil.Sparger 20 through engine controller 17 via pilot line 19 by independent actuation, just controlled.The injected fuel amount is used for setting air and compares λ.
Gas exhaust piping 4 is used for discharging hot combustion gas, and air inlet pipeline 2 is used for supplying with fresh air or fresh mixture to cylinder 3.In order to adjust load, the throttle valve 18 that is used as closing element is provided in the air inlet pipeline 2, and said throttle valve 18 equally can be by engine controller 17 controls and/or adjustment.
Be the supercharging purpose, explosive motor 1 is equipped with exhaust turbine supercharger 7, and it has the turbo machine 7a that is set in the gas exhaust piping 4 and is set at the compressor 7b in the air inlet pipeline 2.The turbo machine 7a of exhaust turbine supercharger 7 has bypass line.The fresh air that is supplied to explosive motor 1 is compressed in compressor 7b, in turbo machine 7a, utilizes the enthalpy of blast air for this purpose.Supercharging has increased the thermal load of explosive motor 1.
Charge air cooler 5 is set in the air inlet pipeline 2 in compressor 7b downstream, so that reduce the temperature of compressive charge.The density of air is increased in this way, therefore can realize the inflation of improved cylinder 3.
Explosive motor 1 also is equipped with exhaust gas re-circulation apparatus 8.Recirculating line 9 divides expenditure and is deployed in the air inlet pipeline 2 in charge air cooler 5 downstream from the gas exhaust piping 4 at the turbo machine 7a upper reaches.Therefore, EGR gas is not directed passing charge air cooler 5 and can not pollutes said cooler 5.
Follow exhaust again in order to cool off, extra cooler 10 is provided in the pipeline 9, and extra cooler 10 has reduced the temperature of EGR gas.In order to control exhaust gas recirculation rate, the closing element 11 that is used as the EGR valve is set in the recirculating line 9 equally.
At explosive motor illustrated in fig. 1 is liquid cooling.In order to form Control device of liquid cooling 12, cylinder head 6 has integrated coolant jacket.Freezing mixture-conduction coolant circuit is by the pump 14 that transmits freezing mixture and additional as the heat exchanger 13 of cooler.
In the described embodiment of Fig. 1; Heated freezing mixture is used to heated process-liquid in explosive motor 1 or cylinder head 6; Be specially heated freezing mixture, be supplied to the engine compartment heater 22 of heating circuit 21, so that heat the vehicle inside space thus.
In order to ventilate to coolant circuit, air pipeline 23 is provided, compensation vessel 24 is set in the said air pipeline 23.
The temperature T of cylinder head 6 CylThereby the measurement through sensor 16 is detected and as the input variable of the engine controller 17 of explosive motor 1, wherein in order to limit the thermal load of explosive motor 1, if cylinder head temperature T CylSurpass predetermined upper limit temperature T Limit, upAnd section Δ t at the fixed time UpIn be kept above said upper limiting temperature T Limit, up, then air ratio lambda is reduced.

Claims (15)

1. a restriction and reduce the method for the thermal load of explosive motor (1), said explosive motor (1) has at least one cylinder head (6), and said explosive motor (1) has at least one cylinder (3), wherein
The temperature T of-said cylinder head (6) CylBe determined, and
If-cylinder head temperature T CylSurpass predetermined upper limit temperature T Limit, up, i.e. T Cyl>=T Limit, up, then air ratio lambda is reduced.
2. the method for claim 1 is wherein only worked as said cylinder head temperature T CylSurpass said predetermined upper limit temperature T Limit, upAnd section Δ t at the fixed time UpIn be kept above said upper limiting temperature T Limit, upThe time, said air ratio lambda is reduced.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 method, wherein said air ratio lambda is from the stoichiometry operating mode of said explosive motor (1), and promptly λ ≈ 1, is reduced, and said for this reason explosive motor (1) is converted into the substoichiometric operating mode, i.e. λ＜1.
4. like an aforementioned described method of claim, if wherein said cylinder head temperature T CylBe lower than the predetermined lower bound temperature T Limit, down, i.e. T Cyl≤T Limit, down, then said air ratio lambda is from the substoichiometric pattern of said explosive motor (1), and promptly λ＜1 is raise once more.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 is wherein only as said cylinder head temperature T CylBe lower than said predetermined lower bound temperature T Limit, downAnd section Δ t at the fixed time DownIn keep below said lower limit temperature T Limit, downThe time, said air ratio lambda is raise once more.
6. as an aforementioned described method of claim, the said temperature T of wherein said cylinder head (6) CylMathematically confirmed.
7. like described method of claim in the claim 1 to 5, the said temperature T of wherein said cylinder head (6) CylMeasurement through sensor (16) is to be detected.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said explosive motor (1) are equipped with engine controller (17) and pass through the detected said cylinder head temperature T of said sensor (16) CylBe provided as input variable.
9. like an aforementioned described method of claim; Wherein said explosive motor (1) is equipped with Control device of liquid cooling (12), its have be integrated into said at least one cylinder head (6) thus in form at least one coolant jacket of said Control device of liquid cooling (12).
10. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein water is used as freezing mixture.
11. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein engine oil is used as freezing mixture.
12. like the described method that is used for restriction and reduces the thermal load of explosive motor (1) of an aforementioned claim, said explosive motor is equipped with Control device of liquid cooling (12), wherein uses coolant temperature to confirm the said temperature T of said cylinder head (6) Cyl
13. like the described method that is used for restriction and reduces the thermal load of explosive motor (1) of an aforementioned claim, said explosive motor is equipped with Control device of liquid cooling (12), wherein uses mixing temperature to confirm the said temperature T of said cylinder head (6) Cyl, said mixing temperature is made up of part temperatures and coolant temperature.
14. implement the explosive motor with at least one cylinder head (6) (1) like an aforementioned said method of claim, said explosive motor (1) has at least one cylinder (3), and the temperature T that detects said cylinder head (6) wherein is provided CylSensor (16).
15. explosive motor (1) like claim 14; Control device of liquid cooling (12) wherein is provided; This Control device of liquid cooling has at least one coolant jacket that belongs to freezing mixture conduction coolant circuit, this at least one coolant jacket be integrated into said at least one cylinder head (6) thus in form said Control device of liquid cooling (12).
CN2011101849534A 2010-07-07 2011-06-28 Method for controlling and reducing thermal load of internal combustion engine Pending CN102383955A (en)

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