CN102383418B - Anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile and production method thereof - Google Patents
Anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102383418B CN102383418B CN201110231105.4A CN201110231105A CN102383418B CN 102383418 B CN102383418 B CN 102383418B CN 201110231105 A CN201110231105 A CN 201110231105A CN 102383418 B CN102383418 B CN 102383418B
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 108
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011513 prestressed concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/02—Moulds with adjustable parts specially for modifying at will the dimensions or form of the moulded article
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
- B28B1/087—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
- B28B23/04—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed
- B28B23/043—Wire anchoring or tensioning means for the reinforcements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
- B28B23/04—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed
- B28B23/06—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed for the production of elongated articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0002—Auxiliary parts or elements of the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0029—Moulds or moulding surfaces not covered by B28B7/0058 - B28B7/36 and B28B7/40 - B28B7/465, e.g. moulds assembled from several parts
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile which comprises main reinforced bars, hoop reinforcements, anchoring bars, pile caps and concrete. A cross section main body of a pile body is square; the main reinforced bars are formed by sequentially permutating and combining prestress main reinforced bars and general main reinforced bars and penetrate through the pile body along the longitudinal direction of the pile body; the hoop reinforcements are arranged on the outer edges of the main reinforced bars and are spirally squared; the pile caps are respectively arranged at two ends of the pile body and consist of end plates and skirt edges; the main reinforced bars and the hoop reinforcements are connected by welding or binding to form a steel reinforcement cage; two ends of the prestress main reinforced bars are fixedly arranged on the end plate by riveting or using a bolt connecting mode; the general main reinforced bars are separated from the end plate and are shorter than the prestress main reinforced bars; and the anchoring bars are respectively arranged at two ends of the pile body. The anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile with the structure simultaneously has high press bearing capacity, tensile bearing capacity, shear bearing capacity and flexural bearing capacity and is a concrete solid square pile suitable for industrial mechanical production and is used for high seismic fortification intensity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of prefabricated concrete solid square pile, particularly one have that axial press capacity is high, axial tension bearing capacity is high simultaneously, shear resistance capacity and bend-carrying capacity and horizontal bearing capacity high, be suitable for the anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile used in high seismic fortification intensity district.Belong to building material field.
Background technology
Prestressed high-strength concrete pile is developed rapidly from the nineties in last century in China, strength grade of concrete is up to C80, (thermostat temperature is usually at about 180 DEG C to adopt shaping, the atmospheric steam curing (thermostat temperature is usually at 80 DEG C ~ 85 DEG C) of centrifuging process and steam curing at high pressure system, 0.95 ~ 1.0MPa), from concrete mixing, go out still kettle to prestressed high-strength concrete pile, can be able to complete in 24h, production efficiency is high, and wall scroll production line can produce 3000 meters of stakes every day.The main muscle of prestressed high-strength concrete pile adopts the prestressed steel bar that tensile strength is not less than 1420 MPa, nonproportional cyclic straining is not less than 1280 MPa, and the stretching force of applying is 70% of its tensile strength, and concrete effective compressive pre-stress is high.Therefore, prestressed high-strength concrete pile has high vertical bearing capacity, resistance to impact in pile sinking.But, according to going deep into of prestressed concrete pipe pile application study in recent years, have different viewpoints to the horizontal bearing capacity of its horizontal bearing capacity, particularly prestressed concrete pipe pile.Such as, diameter Ф 400 mm, wall thickness 95 mm, strength grade of concrete are the A stake of C80, i.e. PHC-400(95) A-C80 stake, axial press capacity is 2286 KN, and axial tension bearing capacity only has 381 KN, shear resistance capacity only has 146 KN, easily there is brittle failure problem in transport, work progress pile.Therefore, national standard and part province standard or atlas make relevant regulations, and the prestressed concrete pipe pile scope of application is non-Anti-Seismic Region and seismic fortification intensity 6 degree, the area of 7 degree, if be used in the area of seismic fortification intensity 8 degree, then needs to check separately; Or should not use in the area of seismic fortification intensity 8 degree.
In high seismic fortification intensity district, the selection of prefabricated pile-type is limited, mainly contains site prefabrication concrete solid square pile and cast-in-place concrete pile two kinds.Wherein, prefabricated concrete solid square pile generally adopts on-the-spot overlay method to make, generally no more than 4 layers, when lower-layer concrete reaches more than 30% of design strength, just can pour into a mould upper strata stake, concrete reaches 70% of design strength and can lift by crane, and reach design strength 100% can transport.Field fabrication adopts natural curing usually, and when adopting hammering method pile sinking, concrete curing is no less than 28d the length of time usually; When adopting silent piling, even if when stream curing reaches 100% of concrete design strength, also need more than natural curing 5d just can carry out piling, the weak point of this prefabricated concrete solid square pile product design, manufacture craft is, 1. main muscle is plain bars, non-Shi Hanzhang, and concrete tensile capacity and shear resistance capacity do not improve, in view of cement concrete have 0.04 ~ 0.06% contraction and self from great, pile body more easily produces crack.2. under natural curing condition, curing temperature and humidity are all by weather effect, when ambient humidity is lower than cement concrete interior humidity, the moisture of cement concrete inside can move to outside, not only cause the generation of cement concrete dry shrinkage fracture, the migration of moisture also can cause the hole of continuous distributed in cement concrete inside, affect concrete mechanical property and endurance quality; The high temperature in summer can accelerate hydration process of Portland cement, viewed from acceleration of hydration course aspect, the high temperature in summer is helpful to strength developing, but the high temperature in summer can accelerate the migration of moisture, cause dry shrinkage fracture, the high temperature in summer has a negative impact to concrete mechanical property and endurance quality generally; And lower temperature, hydration process of Portland cement can be delayed, cause strength developing slow, affect the duration.This field fabrication technique, even if adopt stream curing, curing temperature is also difficult to ensure each several part homogeneous temperature and constant.3. this field fabrication technique, poker vibrator is often adopted to vibrate, control time of vibration by operating personnel, the vibrate degree of depth and spacing etc., whether slotting point is evenly distributed, whether pointwise is moved, order is carried out, not omission, whether inside concrete bubble discharges, and it is all closely related with operating personnel whether concrete emanates etc., causes concrete density to be difficult to control.4., compared with prestressed concrete pipe pile mechanization, through engineering approaches manufacture craft, the technique of site prefabrication concrete square pile, no matter be cast, vibrate or maintenance, spended time is long, and production efficiency is low, is difficult to meet building site demand.5., compared with prestressed concrete pipe pile, this solid design of square pile, increases second moment of area, contributes to the tensile capacity improving square pile; Secondly, the high amount of reinforcement of square pile, contributes to the stress performance improving square pile equally, but because concrete is without prestressing force, compares with prestressed concrete pipe pile, and square pile pile body tensile capacity is without significantly improving.With PHC-400(95) compared with A-C80, square is connect close to 300 × 300 mm in Ф 400 mm, circumscribed square is 400 × 400 mm, when Crack Control is 0.2 mm, by the maximum stretching resistance of pile body that load effect standard combination calculates, Driven Piles, cross section 300 × 300, length are no more than the C stake (C50) of 12 m, pile body stretching resistance 245 KN; Driven Piles, cross section 400 × 400, length are no more than the C stake (C50) of 12 m, and pile body stretching resistance 385KN, with PHC-400(95) A-C80 close, main muscle is the reinforcing bar of 8 Ф 18, and PHC-400(95) the main muscle of A-C80 is 7 Ф 9.0.
Cast-in-place concrete pile is direct pore-forming on the spot on stake position at the scene, then lays the reinforcing cage that colligation is good, pours into a mould the concrete met design requirement subsequently, form the stake of bearing load after hardening of concrete together with reinforcing cage.Compared with preformed pile, Concrete Grouting Pale noise is low, stake is long and stake footpath all can adjust by designing requirement, stake end can enter bearing stratum exactly or embed rock stratum.But Concrete Grouting Pale technique is more complicated, speed of application is well below preformed pile, and pile quality and construction have substantial connection, and major part is underground job, work progress cannot be observed, and after pile, can not excavate soil layer again carries out pile foundation examination naturally, therefore, the quality controlling stake is difficult to.The quality problems of normal appearance comprise, and 1. when concrete workability is poor, aggregate size is excessive, promote conduit excessive velocities etc., can cause occurring in pile concrete that interlayer, pile body are discontinuous.2. when in the Soft Soil Layer that moisture content is very high during immersed tube, soil is squeezed and produces higher space hydraulic pressure, and press to the concrete of new pouring after promoting conduit, thus cause necking, namely pile body partial cross sectional size is less than design size.3. when reinforcing cage placement initial position is too high, concrete flowability is less, and conduit buried depth in concrete is excessive, and reinforcing cage is dragged top to rise by concrete; The conduit lifting time, time unreasonable, also can cause rising of steel cage.4. concrete is caused water/binder ratio to increase by dilution, and strength grade of concrete reduces; During cast, conduit promotes and rises and pulls out too much; When concrete strength of pile is still low, just vibrated and External Force Acting; These reasons all may form broken pile.At present, bored concrete pile foundation concrete strength does not reach the requirement situation of design or specification minimum is the accident resulting from poor quality of projects often run into.
Because site prefabrication concrete square pile and cast-in-place concrete pile all limit by technique, current strength grade of concrete is no more than C50, and prestressed concrete pipe pile adopts centrifuging process shaping, cloth material process is less demanding to the concrete slump, 30 ~ 70 mm can meet cloth requirement, and therefore prestressed concrete pipe pile pile concrete can reach C80.
From the sustainable development of building material product, the componentization of building material product, modularization, factorial praluction are development trends.On pile foundation market, how to design and produce so a kind of stake, both there is the high vertical bearing capacity of prestressed concrete pipe pile, resistance to impact, factorial praluction pattern, simultaneously alternative precast square pile, use in high seismic fortification intensity area.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the problem in order to solve prestressed high-strength concrete pile brittle failure and Pile Bearing Capacity Under deficiency, overcome precast solid square pile or in situ pile steel use amount is large, production efficiency is low, sand and stone resources can not the problem such as efficiency utilization and difficult quality control, on the Reinforcement Design of existing solid square pile and the basis of production process, design a kind of vertical bearing capacity high, improve pile foundation level bearing capacity simultaneously, make it meet the anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile of seismic design of structures requirement.
Another object of the present invention is the weak point existed separately to overcome existing site prefabrication concrete square pile and cast-in-place concrete pile preparation method, the production method providing a kind of and can guarantee prestress stretching quality, guarantee that Concrete Filled is closely knit, reduce labour intensity, improve production effect, be applicable to the anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile of factorial praluction.
Anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile of the present invention, comprises main muscle, stirrup and concrete, it is characterized in that pile body cross section main body is square, and main muscle is along pile body y direction through pile body, and main muscle outer rim is stirrup; Main muscle and stirrup are by weld or improving bud grafting connects and forms reinforcing cage.
Described solid square pile also comprises pile cover.
Pile body two ends are pile covers, and pile cover is made up of end plate and shirt rim.
Described main muscle is combined by the main muscle of prestressing force and common main muscle.
The main muscle two ends of described prestressing force are fixed on end plate by riveted joint or bolt connection mode.
Described common main muscle and end plate from and be shorter than the main muscle of prestressing force.
Described stirrup is helically square.
Described solid square pile also comprises anchor rib.
Pile body two ends are respectively equipped with the anchor rib of 600 ~ 1000 mm.
Described anchor rib is distributed near common main muscle and is also connected with stirrup by welding or improving bud grafting.
Described anchor rib outer end is by welding or rivet or bolt connection mode being fixed on end plate.
Four angles of square pile body cross section are right angle or inner circle arc angle or cylindrical arc angle or chamfering or its combination respectively.
The main muscle of described prestressing force is prestressed steel bar.
On four angles that described prestressed steel bar is distributed in square stirrup and on four edges.
Described common main muscle is distributed between the main muscle of adjacent two prestressing force.
Described common main muscle selects hot rolling II, III grade of reinforcing bar or cold-drawn low-carbon wire, heat tempering bar for prestressed concrete and compressor wire, the steel wire that eliminates stress, prestressed steel bar.
Described stirrup two is encrypted area.
The pitch of the encrypted area at described stirrup two is 5 ~ 40 mm.
Remainder stirrup pitch is 40 ~ 120 mm.
Shirt rim is welded with end plate; End plate shape is identical with pile body shape of cross section; Shirt rim is wrapped on pile body.
When the main muscle of prestressing force, anchor rib adopt riveting method to connect with end plate, end plate and the main muscle of prestressing force, the position that anchor rib is corresponding are respectively equipped with main muscle anchor hole, anchor rib anchor hole, and its quantity respectively muscle main with prestressing force, anchor rib is identical.
When the main muscle of prestressing force, anchor rib adopt bolt mode to connect with end plate, end plate and pile body prestressing force main muscle correspondence position and anchor rib correspondence position are respectively equipped with main muscle counterbore, anchor rib counterbore, main muscle size, anchor rib size match counterbore size with prestressing force respectively, and its quantity respectively muscle main with prestressing force, anchor rib is identical.
End plate is provided with stretch-draw hole.
Stretch-draw hole communicates with the main muscle anchor hole of prestressing force, forms elongated hole.
Stretch-draw hole is set up separately, and between the main muscle anchor hole of adjacent prestressing force, its quantity is identical with prestressing force main muscle quantity.
Concrete adopts wet concrete, self-leveling concrete, and strength grade is at more than C60.
In order to ensure product quality, also need the technique held water to coordinate with it, the production method of anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile of the present invention, mainly comprises the steps:
A) main muscle connects with stirrup and forms reinforcing cage; End plate and shirt rim are welded into pile cover;
B) in reinforcing cage end, pile cover, tailgate, stretch-draw gusset piece are installed: tailgate, stretch-draw gusset piece are connected by bolt mode with the end plate of stake end;
C) by installed pile cover, tailgate, stretch-draw gusset piece reinforcing cage be placed in the nearly U-lag of mould;
D) tensioner is installed: stretch-draw gusset piece connects by connecting buckle with between tensioner;
E) Shi Hanzhang: the effective compressive pre-stress of concrete is at 1 ~ 6 MPa;
F) cloth is shaping: cement, sand, stone, various Admixture after metering, stirring, are evenly cast in the nearly U-lag of mould according to the match ratio designed; Vibrate while cast, adopt attaching or flat wet concrete vibration moulding, adopt vibration frequency at the dither of 9000 RPM ~ 17000 RPM; Self-leveling concrete cloth is complete;
G) upper cover plate is added: the nearly U-lag upper cover plate of mould being directly placed on mould is suitable for reading;
H) maintenance;
I) demoulding.
Steps A) anchor rib is by welding or rivet or bolt connection mode being fixed on end plate.
Step B) the main muscle of reinforcing cage prestressing force by riveted joint or bolt connection mode be fixed on end plate.
Step H) adopt atmospheric steam curing system lower than C80 strength grade concrete solid square pile.
Step H) employing of more than C80 strength grade concrete solid square pile atmospheric steam curing, steam curing at high pressure system.
Step C) described mould comprises side plate, base plate, upper cover plate, reinforcing rib; Reinforcing rib is arranged on side plate and plate outer side, side plate by hinged welding or Bolt Connection on base plate, form U-type groove; Side plate and upper cover plate are provided with boss according to pile body shape of cross section; Upper cover plate is divided into multi-disc along pile body length direction; After the assembling of side plate, base plate and upper cover plate, its inside dimension is determined by concrete solid square pile size, and it is right angle or inner circle arc angle or cylindrical arc angle or chamfering or its combination respectively that interior cross-sectional shape comprises inner four angles; Pile body builds two, face angle shape and size by the boss shape of mould upper cover plate corresponding position and Assurance of Size; The shape and size of two angles in pile body bottom surface are by the boss shape of side plate corresponding position and Assurance of Size.
Step C) described tailgate, stretch-draw gusset piece is equipped with stretch-draw hole, its position, quantity, size are identical with the stretch-draw hole on end plate.
Step C) described tailgate, stretch-draw gusset piece is equipped with positioning step, the positioning step size on tailgate is determined by pile body cross sectional dimensions, and on stretch-draw gusset piece, positioning step size is by pile body cross sectional dimensions with connect buckle size and determine.
When making stub, two stretch-draw gusset pieces and two connection buckle composition splicing devices; By splicing device, two stubs are linked up; Connect buckle cross section and become channel-section steel shape.
Step D) described tensioner is made up of stretch-draw screw mandrel, tensioning head plate, stretch-draw tailgate and stretch-draw screw mandrel holder four part; Tensioning head plate is provided with positioning step, and this positioning step size is determined by pile body cross sectional dimensions and connection buckle size; Stretch-draw screw mandrel holder is annular, and there is screw thread inside; Stretch-draw screw mandrel holder and tensioning head plate, stretch-draw tailgate by welding, bolt connection mode fixes; Stretch-draw screw mandrel is threaded cylinder, and this screw thread mates with the screw thread of stretch-draw screw mandrel holder inside, and stretch-draw screw mandrel is connected with stretch-draw screw mandrel holder by screw thread.
The present invention has following features:
Anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile in the present invention, the main characteristics that product design has is:
1. the solid design of precast concrete square pile and common main muscle design is inherited.The solid design in concrete cross-section face, the moment of inertia of pile body cross section to central axis is high, and pile body shear resistance capacity contributes to being guaranteed.
2. the main muscle design of prestressed concrete pipe pile is inherited.The existence of the main muscle of prestressing force, improves concrete stress performance, and in pile body tensile region, concrete compressive pre-stress counteracts part tensile stress, contributes to improving pile body tensile capacity, shear resistance capacity.
3. the design of common main muscle, improves the distribution of force of reinforcing bar.In pile body tensile region, before external load, the common main muscle not bearing any stress bears tensile stress together with the main muscle of the prestressing force bearing part tensile stress, and the tensile stress peak value that the main muscle of prestressing force bears reduces, and safety improves.
Above-mentioned analysis shows, concrete solid square pile in the present invention had both remained the design features of prestressed high-strength concrete pile, precast concrete square pile, further improve the weak point of prestressed high-strength concrete pile, precast concrete square pile, this design makes the concrete solid square pile in the present invention possess high compression bearing, tensile capacity, shear resistance capacity, bend-carrying capacity simultaneously.It is the concrete solid square pile used in high seismic fortification intensity district that a kind of applicable millworkization is produced.
The production method of the concrete solid square pile in the present invention is that one is adapted at factory and carries out mechanization production and method, is conducive to reducing energy consumption, enhances productivity and guarantee product quality.The concrete advantage of this technique is as follows:
1. the quality of prestressed stretch-draw is guaranteed.Concrete solid square pile in the present invention, without the need to centrifuging process, can first Shi Hanzhang, then cloth is shaping, when prestressed stretch-draw, if there is reinforcing cage slump, main muscle is when being pulled off problem, can Timeliness coverage and process.And be first cloth in the production technology of prestressed high-strength concrete pile, then matched moulds, then Shi Hanzhang, even if when there are the problems referred to above, be also difficult to find, thus proceed down operation, and when finding after the demoulding, waste product stake has been walked to be over full procedure.
2. guarantee that Concrete Filled is closely knit.Because the concrete solid square pile in the present invention, vibration moulding, Concrete Filled is enough, vibration compacting, can ensure the closely knit of pile body.Along with the research and development of high-freqency concrete vibrator, the concrete vibration in heavy in section can be solved by prior art, and vibration frequency can meet the concrete compactness requirement of large cross sectional dimensions from the dither of 9000 RPM ~ 17000 RPM.
3. lower labour intensity, improve production effect, be conducive to stub and produce.The design of the connection buckle that the splicing device in the present invention and tensioner are simple, easy installation and removal, particularly moulding are simple, easy for installation, greatly shortens installation time, improves production effect, reduces the labour intensity of workman.In cloth molding procedure, vibration also uses the mode of vibration of automation, reduces the labour intensity of workman.
4. energy consumption is reduced.This technique eliminates centrifugal forming operation, and in prestressed high-strength concrete pile is produced, centrifugal forming and stream curing are main energy consumptions, and this technique only needs simple vibration moulding, even when adopting self-leveling concrete, without the need to vibration, thus reduce energy consumption.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the main eight kinds of schematic diagrames in anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile pile body cross section structure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile pile body vertical structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the tip plate configurations schematic diagram at anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile two ends of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the mould assembling structure schematic diagram of anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the pile splicing structure schematic diagram in anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile stub of the present invention preparation.
In figure: 1 is the main muscle of prestressing force, 2 is common main muscle, and 3 is stirrups, and 4 is concrete, 5 is end plates, and 6 is shirt rims, and 7 is anchor ribs, and 8 is the main muscle anchor holes of prestressing force, 9 is anchor rib anchor holes, and 10 is stretch-draw holes, and 11 is base plates, and 12 is side plates, 13 is upper cover plates, and 14 is reinforcing ribs, and 15 is boss, and 16 is tailgates, 17 is stretch-draw gusset pieces, and 18 is positioning steps, and 19 is connect buckle, and 20 is tensioning head plates, 21 is stretch-draw screw mandrel holders, and 22 is stretch-draw screw mandrels, and 23 is stretch-draw tailgates, and 24 is moulds.
Detailed description of the invention
Accompanying drawing is non-limiting discloses specific embodiments of the invention, is further described as follows by reference to the accompanying drawings.
See Fig. 2, anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile of the present invention, comprise main muscle, stirrup 3, anchor rib 7, pile cover and concrete 4, described pile body cross section main body is square, main muscle is combined by the main muscle of prestressing force 1 and common main muscle 2, main muscle is along pile body y direction through pile body, and main muscle outer rim is stirrup 3, and stirrup 3 is helically square; Pile body two ends are pile covers, and pile cover is made up of end plate 5 and shirt rim 6; Main muscle and stirrup are by weld or improving bud grafting connects and forms reinforcing cage; Prestressing force main muscle 1 two ends are fixed on end plate 5 by riveted joint or bolt connection mode; Common main muscle 2 and end plate 5 from and be shorter than the main muscle 1 of prestressing force, pile body two ends are respectively equipped with the anchor rib 7 of 600 ~ 1000 mm; Anchor rib 7 is distributed near common main muscle 2 and is also connected with stirrup 3 by welding or improving bud grafting, and anchor rib 7 outer end is fixed on end plate 5 by welding or bolt connection mode.
The main body of anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile of the present invention is square, and structure is also all identical, and just four angles are slightly distinguished, and four angles are right angle or inner circle arc angle or cylindrical arc angle or chamfering or its combination respectively, can select as required.Fig. 1 provides the main eight kinds of structural representations in pile body cross section structure; Wherein, Fig. 1-1 depicts the structural representation that pile body cross section four angles are right angle, Fig. 1-2 depicts the structural representation that pile body cross section four angles are cylindrical arc angle, Fig. 1-3 depicts the structural representation that pile body cross section four angles are inner circle arc angle, Fig. 1-4 depicts the structural representation that pile body cross section four angles are chamfering, combining form depicts the combination at two inner circle arc angles and two right angles, as Figure 1-5; The combination at two chamferings and two right angles, as shown in figures 1 to 6; The combination of two cylindrical arc angles and two chamferings, as shown in figs. 1-7; The combination at two cylindrical arc angles and two right angles, as shown in figures 1-8.
The main muscle 1 of described prestressing force preferably prestressed steel bar, on four angles being distributed in square stirrup 3 and on four edges; Common main muscle 2 is distributed between the main muscle 1 of adjacent two prestressing force, selects hot rolling II, III grade of reinforcing bar or cold-drawn low-carbon wire, heat tempering bar for prestressed concrete and compressor wire, the steel wire that eliminates stress, prestressed steel bar.
The main muscle of prestressing force in Fig. 11 and common main muscle 2 are respectively for the structural representation of 8, and the main muscle of prestressing force 1 and common main muscle 2 outer rim are stirrups 3, and stirrup in the shape of a spiral; 4 is the concrete of pile body.
Fig. 2 pile two L(L≤2000 mm) two of stirrup 3 in scope is encrypted area, its pitch is 5 ~ 40 mm, and remainder stirrup pitch is 40 ~ 120 mm.Fig. 2 end plates 5 and shirt rim 6 form pile cover, are positioned at pile body two ends.Shirt rim 6 is welded with end plate 5; End plate 5 shape is identical with pile body shape of cross section; Shirt rim 6 is wrapped on pile body.The concrete 4 of pile body adopts wet concrete or self-leveling concrete, and strength grade is at more than C60.
Fig. 3 is end plate schematic diagram, and this end plate 5 is the square plate with cylindrical arc angle, and end plate 5 is provided with the main muscle anchor hole 8 of prestressing force, anchor rib anchor hole 9 and stretch-draw hole 10, and stretch-draw hole 10 communicates with the main muscle anchor hole 8 of prestressing force, forms elongated hole.When the main muscle of prestressing force, anchor rib adopt riveting method to connect with end plate, end plate and the main muscle of prestressing force, the position that anchor rib is corresponding are respectively equipped with main muscle anchor hole, anchor rib anchor hole, and its quantity respectively muscle main with prestressing force, anchor rib is identical; When the main muscle of prestressing force, anchor rib adopt bolt mode to connect with end plate, end plate and pile body prestressing force main muscle correspondence position and anchor rib correspondence position are respectively equipped with main muscle counterbore, anchor rib counterbore, main muscle size, anchor rib size match counterbore size with prestressing force respectively, and its quantity respectively muscle main with prestressing force, anchor rib is identical; End plate is provided with stretch-draw hole, and stretch-draw hole can communicate with the main muscle anchor hole of prestressing force, and form elongated hole, also can set up separately, between the main muscle anchor hole of adjacent prestressing force, its quantity is identical with prestressing force main muscle quantity.
Fig. 4 is that mould 24 assembles schematic diagram.Mould 24 is made up of base plate 11, side plate 12, upper cover plate 13; Base plate 11, side plate 12, upper cover plate 13; Base plate 11, side plate 12 are equipped with polylith reinforcing rib 14, and reinforcing rib 14 comprises triangle platelet and is parallel to the rectangular slab of pile body, and reinforcing rib is fixed on base plate 11, side plate 12 by welding manner; Upper cover plate 13 is provided with and is provided with boss 15 with side plate 12, and in the present embodiment, pile body shape of cross section is the squares of four angles with cylindrical arc angle, and therefore, the shape and size of boss 15 are corresponding with pile body shape of cross section.In Fig. 4, the side plate 12 on the left side is by welding manner and bottom plate connecting, and the side plate 12 on right side is fixed on base plate by bolt connection mode.Base plate 11, side plate 12 are connected into nearly U-lag.The top at the nearly U-lag of mould directly added a cover by upper cover plate 13.
Fig. 5 is the pile extension schematic diagram in stub preparation.
In Fig. 5, tailgate 16, stretch-draw gusset piece 17 are equipped with stretch-draw hole 10, and its position, quantity, size are corresponding with the stretch-draw hole 10 on end plate; Tailgate 16, stretch-draw gusset piece 17 are equipped with positioning step 18, positioning step 18 size on tailgate is determined by pile body cross sectional dimensions, on stretch-draw gusset piece 17, positioning step size is determined by the size of pile body cross sectional dimensions and connection buckle 19, connects buckle 19 cross-sectional size and becomes channel-section steel shape.
Two stretch-draw gusset pieces 17 and a connection buckle 19 form splicing device.
Tensioner is made up of tensioning head plate 20, stretch-draw screw mandrel holder 21, stretch-draw screw mandrel 22, stretch-draw tailgate 23 4 part; Tensioning head plate is provided with positioning step 18, and the size of this positioning step 18 is determined with by pile body cross sectional dimensions and the size connecting buckle 19; Stretch-draw screw mandrel holder 21 is annular, and there is screw thread inside; Stretch-draw screw mandrel holder 21 and tensioning head plate 20, stretch-draw tailgate 23 by welding, bolt connection mode fixes; Stretch-draw screw mandrel 22 is threaded cylinder, and this screw thread mates with the screw thread of stretch-draw screw mandrel holder 21 inside, and stretch-draw screw mandrel 22 is connected with stretch-draw screw mandrel holder 21 by screw thread.Mould 24 is contained between tailgate 16 and stretch-draw tailgate 23.
In order to ensure product quality, also need the technique held water to coordinate with it, the production method of anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile of the present invention, mainly comprises the steps:
The main muscle 1 of prestressing force adopts prestressed steel bar, and common main muscle 2 band Ⅲ hot rolling steel bar, adopts roll welding technique to connect with stirrup and form reinforcing cage; End plate 5 and shirt rim 6 are welded into pile cover; The anchor rib anchor hole that anchor rib 7 penetrates on end plate 5 is fixed on end plate;
In reinforcing cage end, pile cover is installed, the main muscle anchor hole 8 of prestressing force penetrated on end plate 5 by main for reinforcing cage prestressing force muscle, realizes connecting of reinforcing cage and pile cover; Install tailgate 16 a reinforcing cage end, tailgate 16 and end plate 5 realize Bolt Connection by stretch-draw hole 10, install stretch-draw gusset piece 17 at this reinforcing cage other end, and stretch-draw gusset piece 17 and end plate 5 realize Bolt Connection by stretch-draw hole 10; Respectively install a stretch-draw gusset piece 17 in another root reinforcing cage two ends, the same, stretch-draw gusset piece 17 and end plate 5 realize Bolt Connection by stretch-draw hole 10.
By installed pile cover, tailgate 10, stretch-draw gusset piece 17 reinforcing cage be placed in the nearly U-lag of mould 24;
Tensioner is installed, tensioner is realized connecting with the stretch-draw gusset piece 17 of reinforcing cage end by connecting buckle 19; By connecting buckle 19, the stretch-draw gusset piece 17 of two reinforcing cage ends is linked up, thus realize the connection of stub;
By tensioner, Shi Hanzhang, makes the effective compressive pre-stress of concrete at 1 ~ 6 MPa;
Cloth is shaping: the raw material such as cement, sand, stone, various Admixtures after metering, stirring, are evenly cast in the nearly U-lag of mould according to the match ratio designed; Vibrate while cast, adopt attaching or flat; Wet concrete vibration moulding, adopts vibration frequency at the dither of 9000 RPM ~ 17000 RPM; Self-leveling concrete cloth is complete;
Add upper cover plate 13: be directly placed on by upper cover plate 13 in the nearly U-lag of mould;
Maintenance: when concrete strength of pile grade is C80, adopts an atmospheric steam curing and secondary high-pressure stream curing; When concrete strength of pile grade is C60, only adopt an atmospheric steam curing;
The demoulding.When concrete strength of pile grade is C80, after the demoulding, also need to be placed in autoclave and carry out secondary high-pressure stream curing.
Described mould 24 comprises side plate 12, base plate 11, upper cover plate 13, reinforcing rib 14; Reinforcing rib 14 is arranged on outside side plate 12 and base plate 11, side plate 12 by hinged welding or Bolt Connection on base plate 11, form U-type groove; Side plate 12 and upper cover plate 13 are provided with boss according to pile body shape of cross section; Upper cover plate is divided into multi-disc along pile body length direction; After the assembling of side plate, base plate and upper cover plate, its inside dimension is determined by concrete solid square pile size, and it is right angle or inner circle arc angle or cylindrical arc angle or chamfering or its combination respectively that interior cross-sectional shape comprises inner four angles; Pile body builds two, face angle shape and size by the boss shape of mould upper cover plate corresponding position and Assurance of Size; The shape and size of two angles in pile body bottom surface are by the boss shape of side plate corresponding position and Assurance of Size.
Described tailgate 16 and stretch-draw gusset piece 17 are equipped with stretch-draw hole, and its position, quantity, size are identical with the stretch-draw hole on end plate 5; Tailgate 16 and stretch-draw gusset piece 17 are equipped with positioning step 18, and the positioning step size on tailgate 16 is determined by pile body cross sectional dimensions, and on stretch-draw gusset piece 17, positioning step size is determined by the size of pile body cross sectional dimensions and connection buckle 19.
When making stub, two stretch-draw gusset pieces 17 and two connection buckles 19 form splicing device; By splicing device, two stubs are linked up; Connect buckle 19 cross section and become channel-section steel shape.
Described tensioner is made up of stretch-draw screw mandrel 22, tensioning head plate 20, stretch-draw tailgate 23 and stretch-draw screw mandrel holder 21 4 part; Tensioning head plate 20 is provided with positioning step, and this positioning step size is determined by pile body cross sectional dimensions and connection buckle size; Stretch-draw screw mandrel holder 21 is annular, and there is screw thread inside; Stretch-draw screw mandrel holder 21 and tensioning head plate 20, stretch-draw tailgate 23 by welding, bolt connection mode fixes; Stretch-draw screw mandrel 22 is threaded cylinder, and this screw thread mates with the screw thread of stretch-draw screw mandrel holder 21 inside, and stretch-draw screw mandrel 22 is connected with stretch-draw screw mandrel holder 21 by screw thread.Rotating stretch-draw screw mandrel 22 can through connecting buckle 19 and end plate 5 pairs of prestressing force main muscle 1 Shi Hanzhang.
Claims (12)
1. an anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile, comprises main muscle, stirrup and concrete, it is characterized in that pile body cross section main body is square, and main muscle is along pile body y direction through pile body, and main muscle outer rim is stirrup; Main muscle and stirrup are by weld or improving bud grafting connects and forms reinforcing cage, described solid square pile also comprises pile cover, pile body two ends are pile covers, pile cover is made up of end plate and shirt rim, described main muscle is combined by the main muscle of prestressing force and common main muscle, the main muscle two ends of described prestressing force are fixed on end plate by riveted joint or bolt connection mode, described common main muscle and end plate from and be shorter than the main muscle of prestressing force, described stirrup is helically square, and described solid square pile also comprises the anchor rib of the 600-1000mm being arranged at described pile body two ends respectively;
Described anchor rib outer end is by welding or rivet or bolt connection mode being fixed on end plate;
Four angles of square pile body cross section are right angle or inner circle arc angle or cylindrical arc angle or chamfering or its combination respectively;
The main muscle of described prestressing force is prestressed steel bar; On four angles that described prestressed steel bar is distributed in square stirrup and on four edges; Described common main muscle is distributed between the main muscle of adjacent two prestressing force;
Shirt rim is welded with end plate; End plate shape is identical with pile body shape of cross section; Shirt rim is wrapped on pile body; When the main muscle of prestressing force, anchor rib adopt riveting method to connect with end plate, end plate and the main muscle of prestressing force, the position that anchor rib is corresponding are respectively equipped with main muscle anchor hole, anchor rib anchor hole, and its quantity respectively muscle main with prestressing force, anchor rib is identical;
When the main muscle of prestressing force, anchor rib adopt bolt mode to connect with end plate, end plate and pile body prestressing force main muscle correspondence position and anchor rib correspondence position are respectively equipped with main muscle counterbore, anchor rib counterbore, main muscle size, anchor rib size match counterbore size with prestressing force respectively, and its quantity respectively muscle main with prestressing force, anchor rib is identical;
End plate is provided with stretch-draw hole;
Set up separately or communicate with the main muscle anchor hole of prestressing force formation elongated hole in stretch-draw hole; When stretch-draw hole is set up separately, between the main muscle anchor hole of adjacent prestressing force, its quantity is identical with prestressing force main muscle quantity.
2. anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile according to claim 1, is characterized in that described common main muscle selects hot rolling II, III grade of reinforcing bar or cold-drawn low-carbon wire, heat tempering bar for prestressed concrete and compressor wire, the steel wire that eliminates stress, prestressed steel bar.
3. anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile according to claim 1, is characterized in that described stirrup two is encrypted area, and the pitch of the encrypted area at described stirrup two is 5 ~ 40 mm, and remainder stirrup pitch is 40 ~ 120 mm.
4. the production method of the anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile of claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A) main muscle connects with stirrup and forms reinforcing cage; End plate and shirt rim are welded into pile cover;
B) in reinforcing cage end, pile cover, tailgate, stretch-draw gusset piece are installed: tailgate, stretch-draw gusset piece are connected by bolt mode with the end plate of stake end;
C) by installed pile cover, tailgate, stretch-draw gusset piece reinforcing cage be placed in the nearly U-lag of mould;
D) tensioner is installed: stretch-draw gusset piece connects by connecting buckle with between tensioner;
E) Shi Hanzhang: the effective compressive pre-stress of concrete is at 1 ~ 6 MPa;
F) cloth is shaping: cement, sand, stone, various Admixture after metering, stirring, are evenly cast in the nearly U-lag of mould according to the match ratio designed; Vibrate while cast, adopt attaching or flat-plate vibrator; Wet concrete vibration moulding, adopts vibration frequency at the dither of 9000 RPM ~ 17000 RPM; Concrete distributing is complete;
G) upper cover plate is added: the nearly U-lag upper cover plate of mould being directly placed on mould is suitable for reading;
H) maintenance;
I) demoulding.
5. the production method of anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile according to claim 4, is characterized in that steps A) anchor rib is by welding or rivet or bolt connection mode being fixed on end plate.
6. the production method of anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile according to claim 4, is characterized in that step H) adopt atmospheric steam curing system lower than C80 strength grade concrete solid square pile.
7. the production method of anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile according to claim 4, is characterized in that step H) employing of more than C80 strength grade concrete solid square pile atmospheric steam curing, steam curing at high pressure system.
8. the production method of anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile according to claim 4, is characterized in that step C) described mould comprises side plate, base plate, upper cover plate, reinforcing rib; Reinforcing rib is arranged on side plate and plate outer side, side plate by hinged welding or Bolt Connection on base plate, form U-type groove; Side plate and upper cover plate are provided with boss according to pile body shape of cross section; Upper cover plate is divided into multi-disc along pile body length direction; After the assembling of side plate, base plate and upper cover plate, its inside dimension is determined by concrete solid square pile size, and it is right angle or inner circle arc angle or cylindrical arc angle or chamfering or its combination respectively that interior cross-sectional shape comprises inner four angles; Pile body builds two, face angle shape and size by the boss shape of mould upper cover plate corresponding position and Assurance of Size; The shape and size of two angles in pile body bottom surface are by the boss shape of side plate corresponding position and Assurance of Size.
9. anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile production method according to claim 4, is characterized in that step C) described tailgate, stretch-draw gusset piece is equipped with stretch-draw hole, its position, quantity, size are identical with the stretch-draw hole on end plate.
10. the production method of anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile according to claim 4, it is characterized in that step C) described tailgate, stretch-draw gusset piece is equipped with positioning step, positioning step size on tailgate is determined by pile body cross sectional dimensions, and on stretch-draw gusset piece, positioning step size is determined by pile body cross sectional dimensions and connection buckle size.
11. anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile production methods according to claim 4, is characterized in that: when making stub, two stretch-draw gusset pieces and two connection buckle composition splicing devices; By splicing device, two stubs are linked up; Connect buckle cross section and become channel-section steel shape.
12. anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile production methods according to claim 4, is characterized in that step D) described tensioner is made up of stretch-draw screw mandrel, tensioning head plate, stretch-draw tailgate and stretch-draw screw mandrel holder four part; Tensioning head plate is provided with positioning step, and this positioning step size is determined by pile body cross sectional dimensions and connection buckle size; Stretch-draw screw mandrel holder is annular, and there is screw thread inside; Stretch-draw screw mandrel holder and tensioning head plate, stretch-draw tailgate by welding, bolt connection mode fixes; Stretch-draw screw mandrel is threaded cylinder, and this screw thread mates with the screw thread of stretch-draw screw mandrel holder inside, and stretch-draw screw mandrel is connected with stretch-draw screw mandrel holder by screw thread.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510335038.9A CN104895051A (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2011-08-12 | Full pre-stressing precast concrete solid square pile and production method thereof |
| CN201110231105.4A CN102383418B (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2011-08-12 | Anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile and production method thereof |
| CN201510333647.0A CN104859036A (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2011-08-12 | Concrete solid square pile mold |
| CN201510335014.3A CN104859049A (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2011-08-12 | Pre-stressed concrete solid square pile production device |
| CN201510337275.9A CN104963336A (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2011-08-12 | Anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile and production method thereof |
| CN201510337274.4A CN104924452A (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2011-08-12 | Tension pile splicing device for prestressed concrete solid square pile |
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| CN201510337274.4A Division CN104924452A (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2011-08-12 | Tension pile splicing device for prestressed concrete solid square pile |
| CN201510335038.9A Division CN104895051A (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2011-08-12 | Full pre-stressing precast concrete solid square pile and production method thereof |
| CN201510337275.9A Division CN104963336A (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2011-08-12 | Anti-seismic prefabricated concrete solid square pile and production method thereof |
| CN201510333647.0A Division CN104859036A (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2011-08-12 | Concrete solid square pile mold |
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| CN201510335014.3A Pending CN104859049A (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2011-08-12 | Pre-stressed concrete solid square pile production device |
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| CN201510335038.9A Pending CN104895051A (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2011-08-12 | Full pre-stressing precast concrete solid square pile and production method thereof |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104895051A (en) | 2015-09-09 |
| CN104924452A (en) | 2015-09-23 |
| CN104859049A (en) | 2015-08-26 |
| CN102383418A (en) | 2012-03-21 |
| CN104963336A (en) | 2015-10-07 |
| CN104859036A (en) | 2015-08-26 |
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