CN102359361A - Intelligent oil pumping system - Google Patents
Intelligent oil pumping system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102359361A CN102359361A CN201110284900XA CN201110284900A CN102359361A CN 102359361 A CN102359361 A CN 102359361A CN 201110284900X A CN201110284900X A CN 201110284900XA CN 201110284900 A CN201110284900 A CN 201110284900A CN 102359361 A CN102359361 A CN 102359361A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent oil pumping system, which comprises an oil pumping unit, an oil pumping pump and a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) electronic-control system, wherein the oil pumping unit comprises a rack; the rack is provided with a speed reducer, one input end of the speed reducer is connected with an automatic-operation motor by a coupler, and the side surface of the coupler is provided with a proximity switch; the other input end of the speed reducer is connected with a manual operation motor by a dead-electricity brake clutch and a roller chain; two output ends of the speed reducer are provided with two winding drums with opposite rope race rotation directions; a steel wire rope A and a steel wire rope B respectively pass by pulleys of the beam hanger and a balance weight; then the steel wire rope A and the steel wire rope B are respectively fixed at inner ends and outer ends of the two winding drums by rope clips; and an oil rod and a plunger connected with the beam hanger are arranged in the oil tube and a pump barrel. The intelligent oil pumping system is characterized in that the upper end of the pump barrel is connected with the inner tube; the lower end of the pump barrel is connected with a low-resistance fixing valve; an oil reservoir is arranged outside the inner tube, the pump barrel and the low-resistance fixing valve; an outer tube is connected with the fixing valve in a sealing mode to form an oil pumping path together with the fixing valve; and oil in the oil reservoir opens the low-resistance fixing valve under the action of hydraulic column pressure and enters the pump barrel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pumping unit of oil field development, relate in particular to a kind of high efficiency smart pumping unit.
Background technology
There is oil well hundreds of thousands mouth in China, and the sucker rod pumping well accounts for more than 95%, and sucker rod pumping equipment is the external beam pumping unit of introducing more than 95%.External sucker rod pumping well also is to be main body with the beam pumping unit, but the difference in oil field is that national conditions are different both at home and abroad.The oil reservoir body feature that at first is China is that hyposmosis, per unit area reserves are low, forms numerous and the situation that well yield is very low of well number; Next is China's rapid economic development, and is urgent to energy demand, and oil well produced intensity is big, the well stimulation workload big, cause that hole condition is poor, cost of production raises; The 3rd, our energy utilization rate is low, and the required energy consumption of production identical product possibly be several times more than of developed country.Oil play is the main force of production of energy, also is the big power consumer simultaneously.The oil pumper installed capacity in oil field, the whole nation is more than millions of kilowatts, and year power consumption is more than tens billion of degree.The huge stripper well oil pumping system efficient of quantity has only about 20%; Wherein most special stripper well only has about 10%, and these oil wells are wave a large amount of energy that fallen expense not only, runs up because of oil pumper about 3,000,000 jig frequencies in every year simultaneously; Cause accelerated wear tests such as oil pumping system equipment such as oil well pump, beam hanger, oil pipe, oil pumper; Pump detection period is significantly shortened, and the workover treatment amount heightens, and cost of production occupies high-leveled and difficult following.Not only can save mass energy in view of the raising system effectiveness can also reduce production costs significantly, so become one of problem of the common concern of industry.
China's oil field development general technical level is at the forefront in the world, and huge scientific research institution and professional technique troop are arranged.There is countless people successionally to make huge effort for many years, obtained great successes for the technological progress in oil field.Only just have 6000 multinomially with regard to the oil pumping system patent, but the patent of invention aspect system effectiveness is a phoenix feathers and unicorn horns, is the weak link of puzzlement oilfield technology progress always, the progress of achieving no breakthrough property why, and tracing it to its cause mainly contains three problems:
The one, oil pumping system comprises multiple facilities such as oil well pump, beam hanger, oil pipe, well head, oil pumper, ground oil transportation flow process, measuring equipment, oil well test; Also comprise multiple specialties such as geology, petroleum production engineering, Machine Design manufacturing, electric apparatus, oil well test, oil-gas gathering and transportation and environmental protection; Each belongs to the different departments management, and is all relevant with system effectiveness.Therefore must deal with problems with the viewpoint of system analysis engineering, each the professional singles solely mode of bucket can not make total system that breakthrough achievement is arranged.Not dealing with problems through integrated mode is the long-term low main cause of system effectiveness.
The 2nd, the problem that do not grasp the key link----pump efficiency.Average pump efficiency has only about 30%, and a lot of stripper wells are lower, even low to about 10%.Pump is taken out less than oil, and oil pumper is just flogging a dead horse, and this is the low root of system effectiveness.If pump can be full of, to take out to become for three times and take out once just passablely, the pump life-span just prolongs three times naturally, and workover treatment also reduces to once by three times.Certainly, guarantee that under the condition of low submergence high output of oilwell, pump being full of never is simple technical problem.But it is the problem that must solve, and leaves system effectiveness and does not just know where to begin.
The 3rd, the problem of beam-pumping unit.Use little pump for improving pump efficiency, made pump little to making; The increasing stroke receives the restriction of reducer output torque; Reduce the restriction that strokes per minute receives the motor pulley minimum diameter, these schemes have all been come into the blind alley.After all, this quagmire is not that beam-pumping unit has problem, but our national conditions and it does not conform to.If well yield is more than 20 tons, extraction intensity is little, beam-pumping unit can certainly, but national conditions are objective reality, can not change, we must make the oil pumper that is fit to our country.Therefore, the oil pumper of the big stroke low jig frequency of various ways occurred in a large number in recent years, but up to the present, because fault rate is high, poor reliability, effect is not ideal enough always.So far, practice is told us, wants to replace beam-pumping unit; Must change its oil pumping mode, by small pump diameter, poor efficiency; The oil pumping mode of the little stroke of variable motion, high jig frequency is converted to big pump diameter, high pump efficiency; The big stroke of linear uniform motion, the jig frequency number is low is not full of oil pumper to pump and just not turns round, and it is imperative that the wait pump has been full of the oil pumping mode that oil pumper reruns.Through suitably adding big pump diameter, bring up to pump efficiency more than 90, reduce 5-10 to the jig frequency number doubly, working level drops to leisurelyly by busy, and system effectiveness low and the fault rate that reduces big stroke beam-pumping unit just can be readily solved.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to adopt the supporting program control long stroke pumping unit of major diameter high efficiency oil well pump, adopt intelligentized control system, oil well is monitored in real time, realize that pump is not full of oil pumper and does not turn round, wait for that pump has been full of the oil pumping mode that reruns.Simultaneously, realize that through interconnecting of host computer and the program control oil pumper of PLC the information real-time of infinity between, unlimited oil well and the user that infinitely authorizes share shared.
Technical solution of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of high efficiency smart pumping unit; Comprise oil pumper, oil well pump, PLC program controller, the communication server and electric-control system; Said program control oil pumper comprises frame, and reducer is equipped with on its top, and reducer has two input shaft extensions; An end wherein connects with automatic operation motor through shaft coupling, and be equipped with near switch the side of shaft coupling; The other end wherein connects with manual operation motor through dead electricity brake coupling and roller chain; The output of reducer has twin shaft to stretch, and reel is housed respectively on it, has grooving on the reel; The rotation direction of two groovings is opposite; The duplex type that forms behind the steel cable A string overbalance wheel A went here and there respectively that two pulleys are fixed on two reel outer ends with rope clamp on the polished rod eye, and the reel that rotates backward, and steel cable A was wrapped in the grooving of reel; Mention high point to polished rod eye, heavily go up two pulleys are fixed on two reels with rope clamp the inner according in like manner again two fag ends that form behind the steel cable B string overbalance wheel B being gone here and there overbalance respectively.Described polished rod eye A is connected with beam hanger, and beam hanger connects plunger, and the lower end of plunger has travelling valve; Said beam hanger and plunger together place oil pipe and pump barrel, it is characterized in that: pipe in connecting between pump barrel upper end and the oil pipe, and suit has the oil conservator of oil-feed steam vent outside the interior pipe; Its lower end connects with the outer tube that is sleeved on outside the pump barrel; The lower end of outer tube and low-resistance standing valve lower end sealing and fixing connect, and form the circular passage between oil conservator and the low-resistance standing valve, and liquid level is a in the oil conservator when plunger is descending; The valve ball that head of liquid when plunger is up in the oil conservator promotes the low-resistance standing valve rolls to a high position; Fluid gets into pump barrel, and plunger arrives top dead-centre c, and liquid level must shutdown be given a time T that makes the oil conservator liquid level get back to a after dropping to b by a in the oil conservator
0In the low-resistance standing valve valve body is arranged, center-pole wherein is housed, be with pressurized body, positioning body, spring and spring base on the center-pole from top to bottom successively; There is adjusting pad its lower end; The lower end of center-pole is fixedly connected with the valve ball spacing collar, in the spacing reel valve ball is housed, and a side of valve ball is to valve seat; The horizontal center line of valve ball and the axis angle of center-pole be less than 90 °, and can do laterally to roll in the inclined-plane below valve ball; When plunger is pressed downwardly onto pressurized body upper end travelling valve is backed down, the valve ball spacing collar of center-pole lower end presses down valve ball and then makes its disengaging valve seat and can't close the UNICOM of realization oil pipe and sleeve pipe; When lifting from out on the plunger, spring just makes it reset; The right lateral side of said frame is equipped with electric control box; The main circuit, telecommunication circuit and the control circuit thereof that are used for moving motor automatically and manually move motor wherein are housed; Solid-state relay SSR1, SSR2, SSR3 and A.C. contactor KM1, KM2 are housed in the said main circuit and manually control rheotrope SA automatically; Automatically running control circuit is main with the PLC program controller, and keeps being electrically connected with each end points of cyclelog PLC respectively through current transformer and low spot switch, origin switch, high some switch, load sensor with near switch; Control the polished rod eye of program control oil pumper and the plunger of connection thereof and pump, accomplish oil pumping process; Also have the RS485 port on the said PLC, the GPRS module through the host computer in telecommunication circuit and the said server interconnects.
Described dead electricity brake coupling comprises a basal disc, and basal disc is installed in reducer input shaft through bearing and stretches, and sprocket wheel is by being bolted on the basal disc, and the spline housing on brake disc and the said input shaft extension connects; Loop coil and the spring that is uniformly distributed with are housed in the yoke, and yoke and armature are installed on the basal disc by bolt; Yoke has the insulating protection dish at the back, and the electric contact terminal is equipped with at its center, makes coil and connect the electrical spring sheet to keep electrically connecting, and when moving automatically, the dead electricity brake coupling gets electric, and brake disc is released to rotate with the axis, and separates with manually moving; After automatically the operation motor has a power failure, dead electricity brake coupling dead electricity, roller chain is braked by the brake of manual operation motor; Manually the operation motor get when electric the dead electricity brake coupling also electric opening, and dead electricity brake coupling dead electricity is at the moving state that closes, the shaft coupling of the reducer and the power shaft other end thereof is worked near switch also in rotation as usual.
Described rope clamp is made up of rope clamp body and holding screw, and the rope clamp body is a segment, its upper end have with reel on the spin slot that matches of grooving, its lower end then has the tightening screw.
The oil pumping method of described high efficiency smart pumping unit is included as the step that PLC write or revised user program, input or modification parameter, and it is characterized in that: activities comprises the steps:
(1) system gets into original state, and pump plunger is stopped to top dead-centre C, and balance weight is at low spot, and origin switch is in the moving state that closes;
(2) system gets into starting state, and brake gets electric unclamping and the T1 that delays time, and makes equipment for moving electric motor starting automatically;
(3) system gets into and is just transporting capable state, moves motor automatically and gets electric startup, is just changeing up; Near switch pulsing signal; PLC begins the write-off record from characteristic stroke value S, and the value that is full of of pump is regarded as S1 to the first time, writes down load value and the current value and the calculating of each pulse simultaneously:
(3.1) pump efficiency S
E,
(3.2) the inferior oil production L of one-shot, L=S1 * C
(3.3) PLC carries out the PID programme-control, works as S
E/ S
A＞1 or S
E/ S
A＜1 o'clock, PLC was voluntarily to the time-delay T of next jig frequency
0Reduce or increase;
(4) system gets into the pump efficiency monitoring state, according to the result of calculation maintenance and/or the adjustment time-delay T of step (3.3.3)
0, balance weight begins to rise;
(5) system gets into high some stopped status, and balance weight is moved the motor dead electricity and the T that delays time automatically from characteristic stroke value S write-off numerical value to 0
2
(6) system is positioned at high some time-delay state, T
2Time arrives, brake time-delay T
3
(7) system gets into high some starting state, T
3Time arrives, and the T that delays time again commutates after brake has a power failure
3
(8) system gets into operation motor counter-rotating downstream state automatically, and balance weight is descending, and PLC begins just to count;
(9) system gets into the low spot stopped status of operation motor automatically, and balance weight is descending, touches iron, origin switch is moved close, and manually moves the motor dead electricity and closes time-delay T
2
(10) system gets into initial point time-delay state, T
2Time arrives, and initial point is shut down and time-delay T
0
(11) system repeats steps (2)～step (11) gets into the Automatic Cycle operation.
Adopt two motors to drive manual operation and operation automatically respectively.During ordinary production by automatic operation motor-driven.When the adjustment operation of big load and the accurate location of requirement, use the manual drives of slowing down by roller chain.Two button control A.C. contactors of the up-downgoing of electrical appliance and mechanical dual interlocking.
Automatically control is to be input to programmable controller PLC by sensor signal and each item running parameter, after PLC handles by the user program that writes, through transistor collector output, the solid-state relay of control motor positive and inverse and brake.PLC also will monitor oil well in the operation of control oil pumper in real time, and constantly refreshes each item information through calculation process, and wherein core information is oil production and pump indicator card.Polished rod eye up and down path increment size and reducer input shaft revolution how much be corresponding, with the shaft coupling induction near the register of switch and PLC composition as Stroke Displacement Transducer, monitor operation with the mode of write-off number.
Travel displacement numerical value when pump plunger goes downwards to load and drops to variable can be called pump and " be full of value "; It is actual to be that plunger begins the revolution value to bottom dead centre by the contact liquid level; Be full of the oil production that coefficient on duty is this jig frequency, can tire out class, day, ten days, the moon, yearly rate-oil production.The ratio percentage that is full of value and travel displacement setting value is pump efficiency, and PLC gets into the waiting time of machine halt length of next jig frequency of PID s operation control with the ratio of the target pump efficiency value of this jig frequency pump efficiency value that records and setting.Be controlled on the desired value pump efficiency is stable, make the discharge opeing ability of oil pumper adapt to the fluid supply capacity of oil well automatically.
The RS485 interface of the communication interface RS485 of PLC and data transmission unit GPRS-DTU links to each other, and to the domain name of DTU input receiving station, gets into the mobile phone communication network through the mobile phone card is installed again, can be sent to data receiving station's server computer of appointment.Receiving station's server sends the instruction mutual communication to PLC.Server can be at infinity from also carrying out the modification of binary data decoding and user program and running parameter to a lot of plc communications.Transmit user instruction; Server is transferred to the client that authorize that a lot of infinities leave through the WEB method of service to the bulk information that receives after calculation process; The client who authorizes also can pass through server modifications PLC running parameter; Have powerful data-interface, can dock the seamless combination that realizes with various application systems, realize that the total system information real-time is shared shared with various databases such as ORACLE, sql SERVER, MySQL.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, because oil well pump has increased high-order oil conservator; Can play the effect of Oil-gas Separation and oil storage buffering, change the oil-feed state, become " being pressed into " by " suction " in past; Be beneficial to the release of solution gas in the oil; Guarantee being full of of pump, accomplish that the discontented oil pumper of pump does not turn round, and waits for that pump has been full of oil pumper and has rerunned.Wait for that pump is full of, be to wait for that oil conservator is full of in fact, have only oil conservator to be full of and could form the depended on pressure oil-feed, this is that oil pumper is basic efficiently.
2, the standing valve valve ball by conventional vertical motion change into horizontal rolling and and travelling valve open simultaneously, reduced the resistance of self gravitation to oil-feed, valve ball clashes into the high frequency of valve seat and valve bonnet when having eliminated oil-feed, increases the service life.When plunger mat was to standing valve, standing valve and travelling valve will be opened and the oil jacket connection simultaneously, utilize flushing fluid from oil pipe, to flow in the well through oil well pump and oil conservator downwards.Can prevent because of pump valve malfunctioningly, make the pipe bar fall into the serious accident of down-hole.Because of the flushing fluid consumption is few, that washes is thorough, has avoided the flexible destruction to the cementing concrete ring of sleeve pipe high temperature; Draining is good during workover treatment, has reduced crude oil waste and environment pollution.
3, the lifting of employing sister block group is worked simultaneously by two steel cables of a reel and is adopted special rope clip; Make reducer output torque, reel length and steel cable load all reduce one times; Simplify the elevator structure, made its volume little in light weight, guaranteed complete machine operation reliably steady in a long-term.
4, the roller chain wheel brake is the brake that matches with automatic operation motor on the one hand, is again the clutch that manually moves motor on the one hand, is used to drive the reducer low-speed running, can realize that a reducer is respectively by two motor-driven.Can reduce the installed capacity of oil pumper more than 4 times, the overwhelming majority drops to below the 10KW and can directly start fast, but has realized the function that the oil pumper frequent starting stops, and has satisfied and has waited for that pump has been full of the demand that reruns.
5, the revolution control with reducer input shaft replaces the control of travel displacement length; Go to read " being full of value " with the write-off mode of counting; Use near PLC of the every pulse of switch and read load value and current value; Simplify observation process to greatest extent, improved PLC calculation process speed, reduced information data in a large number and improved transmission speed.
6, utilize the GPRS-DTU data transmission unit to get into mobile communication net and main website server communication.Main website is transferred to the client to real time information with the mode of online again.System is simple and reliable, and expense is low and very easy to use flexible, has saved great amount of investment and the maintenance cost of singly building communication network.
Description of drawings
Drawings attached 14 width of cloth of the present invention, wherein:
1, the forced oil well pump operating principle of low-resistance sketch map A;
2, the forced oil well pump operating principle of low-resistance sketch map B;
3, low-resistance open-type standing valve structural representation;
4, the structural representation of program control oil pumper;
5, the lateral view of Fig. 1;
6, the vertical view of Fig. 1;
7, rope clamp arrangement works view;
8, rope clamp structural front view;
9, the A-A sectional view of Fig. 8;
10, program control oil pumper main circuit diagram;
11, move the control circuit sketch map of motor automatically;
12, manually move the main circuit sketch map of motor;
13, manually move the control circuit sketch map of motor;
14, Figure 14 electricity loss brake structural representation.
Wherein: pipe in the 1-oil pipe 2-beam hanger 3-
4-oil conservator 5-pump barrel 6-outer tube
7-plunger 8-travelling valve 9-low-resistance standing valve
10-center-pole 11-pressurized body 12-valve body
13-positioning body 14-spring 15-spring base
16-adjusting pad 17-valve seat 18-valve ball
19-valve ball spacing collar 20-low spot switch 21-origin switch
22-frame 23-polished rod eye A 24-bumps iron
The high point of 25-steel cable A 26-switch 27-load sensor
28-stabilizer A 29-reel 30-stabilizer B
31-steel cable B 32-balance weight 33-electric control box
34-rope clamp 35-moves motor 36-automatically near switch
37-manually moves motor 38-roller chain 39-dead electricity brake coupling
40-reducer 41-shaft coupling 42-holding screw
43-reel disc 44-rope clamp body 45-reducer input shaft is stretched
46-bearing 47-basal disc 48-sprocket wheel
49-hollow bolt 50-brake disc 51-armature 52-yoke 53-erection bolt
54-coil 55-connects electrocardio connecting terminal 57-insulating protection dish among the electrical spring sheet 56-
58-spline housing 59-spring 60-bolt.
The specific embodiment
Like Fig. 1～high efficiency smart pumping unit shown in Figure 13, comprise program control oil pumper and electric-control system, wherein said oil pumper is the two elevator lift-type structures that drive of sister block group, like Fig. 1～shown in Figure 3.The reducer 40 of four shaft extensions is housed on frame 22 tops; Its two output shafts are adorned two opposite reels 25 of grooving rotation direction respectively; One side power shaft connects operation motor 35 automatically through shaft coupling 41; The outer garden of opposite side power shaft dress is the dead electricity brake coupling 39 of roller chain wheel, is connected by roller chain 38 and the manual operation motor of wearing the dead electricity brake coupling 37, and two stabilizer B30 of certain distance are housed on dress stabilizer A28, the reducer 40 rear lower frames on reducer 40 forebaies; Sister block polished rod eye A23 is arranged before the frame, and frame has sister block balance weight 32 behind; Steel cable A25 was gone here and there from stabilizer A28; Isometric two fag ends were gone here and there polished rod eye A23 top sheave respectively and respectively two fag ends were fixed on the outer end of two winding drum 29 again with special-purpose rope clamp 34; The reel 29 that rotates backward, steel cable A25 is around coiling 29 and rise to high point to polished rod eye 23, goes here and there two stabilizers 30 to steel cable B31 again; Isometric two fag ends are gone here and there overbalance respectively and are weighed 32 pulleys, with special-purpose rope clamp 41 two fag ends are separately fixed at reel 29 the inners.Motor-driven reel 29 rotates forward, and the steel cable A25 on the reel 29 emits, and the plunger 7 of polished rod eye A23, beam hanger 2 and lower link is descending, and the grooving that gets out of the way on the reel 29 by steel cable B31 immediately around last, balance weight 32 beginning is up; When motor reverses; Balance weight 32 is descending; Immediately around last, polished rod eye A23 pulling beam hanger and the plunger 7 that connects down are up by steel cable A25 for the grooving that gets out of the way on the reel 29, and polished rod eye 23 is alternately promoted by two assembly pulleys 29 respectively with balance weight 32; Do relatively reciprocating motion with the pump barrel that is fixed on the oil pipe lower end, accomplish oil pumping process.
As Fig. 4～shown in Figure 5 is the forced oil well pump of a kind of low-resistance, be included in and connect pipe 3 between oil pipe 1 and the pump barrel 5, the suit oil conservator 4 in the outside of interior pipe 3; Suit outer tube 6 outside oil conservator 4 lower ends and the pump barrel 5; Make oil conservator 4 and the forced standing valve of low-resistance 9 UNICOMs, OIH liquid gets into oil conservator 4 downwards after carrying out Oil-gas Separation from the oil conservator upper end, and its liquid level reaches the above position of a; When oil pumper drives beam hanger 2 and connects the plunger 7 of its lower end when descending; The forced standing valve 9 of low-resistance cuts out, and travelling valve 8 is opened fluid is got in the oil pipe 1, like A among Fig. 1.When oil pumper promotes plunger that beam hanger 2 is connected with the lower end 7 when up, travelling valve 8 cuts out, and head of liquid oily in the oil conservator 4 is pushed the forced standing valve valve ball 18 of low-resistance open; Fluid gets into pump barrel 5, and like Figure 1B, rising to upper dead center position is c; And liquid level drops to b by a in the oil conservator 4; Descending again during to oil pipe 1 oil-feed when plunger 7, and oil conservator 4 is in oil storage, and makes its liquid level get back to a again.It is poor that oil conservator 4 remains minimum head of liquid for the bc height than pump barrel 5.Head of liquid in the oil conservator 4 makes the pump oil-feed become " being pressed into " by " pumping ".Oil pumper will be shut down the time that a wait is full of to oil conservator, and stand-by period length depends on well deliverability.Fixed valve ball 18 changed horizontal rolling into by moving both vertically originally, and very little head of liquid can be opened, and flow stops and will closing, and needed only plunger mat to standing valve, and standing valve and travelling valve will be opened simultaneously and make casing tube UNICOM, automatically reset after leaving.
Shown in Figure 6 is the forced standing valve of low-resistance that is connected with pump barrel 5 lower ends, and its valve seat 17 is vertically mounted on the valve body 12, and valve ball 18 endoporus that is fixed in center-pole 10 lower ends of packing into has in the valve ball abutment sleeve 19 of tapering.When oil advances pump, promote valve ball 18 to slightly high-order right-hand to rolling; When oil-feed stopped, valve ball was closed to rolling to the left of low level because of deadweight.This requires axis of pitch that the high and low position of valve ball abutment sleeve 19 will make valve ball 18 and valve seat 17 in certain margin of tolerance, guarantees the reliability of closing.This will realize by the height that adjustment is contained in the adjusting pad 16 on the center-pole 10.Adjusting pad is set with spring base 15, spring 14, locating ring 13 and pressurized body 11 successively more than 16; When 7 of plungers to 11 last times of pressurized body; Pressurized body 11 moves down compression spring 14 together with center-pole 10, and valve ball spacing collar 19 is being pressed valve ball 18 to break away from valve seats 17 and moved down and can't close, and at this moment 11 of pressurized bodies are on locating ring 13; And in the center-pole 10 the raised areas insertion plunger 7 travelling valve 8 is backed down, make oil pipe, sleeve pipe UNICOM.Plunger 7 promotes rear spring 14 resets valve ball 18.
Compare with prior art, the structural change of the forced oil well pump of low-resistance is just many three pipes and standing valve once, simple in structure; Cheap, but effect is outstanding, and it reaches more than 85% pump efficiency; Having improved three times, is energy-efficient basic, has big stroke program monitoring oil pumper supporting again; It is 4 times of tipping bucket flow meter that one-shot time discharge capacity can reach more than 10 liters, and oil well pump becomes produce oil automatic metering equipment more accurately, has saved a large amount of capital construction investments and daily gage work amount.
Bleeder when the oil jacket UNICOM function of standing valve makes it become operation; Reduced the crude oil waste; Avoided environment pollution; The secret worry of beating hot water and avoiding sleeve pipe that the external fixation cement sheath is destroyed when can be used for removing malfunctioning, the clear cured hot clean-up well of pump valve during production can also be directly carried out promptly opening after the gas injection to oil reservoir and is taken out processing, can save a large amount of operating costs.
The electrical control system of a kind of programme-control oil pumper as shown in Figure 7 comprises main circuit and control circuit, and manual control and automatic control circuit are arranged again in main circuit and the control circuit.All circuit all is arranged in the electric control box 33 that is connected with the external impetus power supply.When ordinary production; Use the automatic operation motor 35 that connects through shaft coupling 41; Drive reducer 40 operations, supporting brake 39 is for there being the high pulling torque direct solenoid electricity loss brake of roller chain wheel, and the price fixing of roller chain wheel installs on the opposite side power shaft of reducer 40 through bearing; Friction plate with the flute profile spline be contained in the same power shaft of price fixing on, rotate with the axis.
Use the manual operation motor 37 of the dead electricity brake coupling of self wearing when manually moving; Connect with roller chain 38 and brake 39; In operation motor power failure automatically; Starting manually under the situation of brake 39 dead electricity braking, operation motor 37 drives the oil pumper running; And also and then low speed dry run of the rotor that moves motor automatically, visible brake 39 its fixed disk when motor rotation automatically is that the brake of the manual operation motor 37 that connects through roller chain 38 fixes, it just becomes the brake of automatic operation motor 35.When manual motor 37 runnings, it is in the on-position roller chain and drives price fixing again through the rotation of brake strip driving reducer, plays the effect of clutch.
Manually operation and operation automatically have no relatedly, and the control power supply is with change-over switch SA switching.Manual operation control is with typical electrical equipment and the operation of mechanical interlocked circuit control A.C. contactor, forward and reverse electric current, reliability and durability that the ability Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College impacts by two buttons of uplink and downlink.Operation does not receive any auto-control protective; Complete knack and the operating experience of depending on operating personnel; Can the overtaking journey to standing valve, lay down oil well load to plunger mat, this is all very convenient, safe and reliable to the oil well All Jobs also can oppositely overtaking journey to lay down balance weight load to the balance weight seat on the ground.If this phenomenon takes place when moving automatically, because of shutdown is transshipped in the little meeting of power of motor immediately.So structurally there is not the overtaking journey major accident problem that collides in oil pumper.
Oil pump plunger piston begins when descending because of pump can not 100% be full of from top dead-centre, and oil well load is greater than balance weight; Fluid column weight disappears when plunger arrives bottom dead centre; Balance weight is greater than oil well load, thus motor when last bottom dead centre switching-over, electric motor starting all is in load boosting or the very little state realization down of load; Capacity motor is 7.5KW to the maximum simultaneously in addition, and directly the startup effect is fine so adopt.
Automatically the switching-over of operation main control device motor positive and inverse is exported with the PLC colelctor electrode with brake and is controlled solid-state relay SSR, and reliable operation, life-span are long.
PLC imports 6 points, 4 switching values, 2 analog quantitys, and the parameter that will import in addition has:
1, T
1--brake starts back time-delay 0.1～1 second
2, T
2Time-delay was 0.1～1 second after-motor had a power failure
3, T
3The switching-over time-delay was 2 seconds～10 seconds after brake had a power failure when-balance weight ran to high putting
4, T
0-pump is waited for the time that is full of. balance weight runs to delays time after the low spot brake has a power failure
5, A
aThe warning that overflows of-upper current limit value
6, A
bThe higher limit shutdown that the overflows on-electric current
7, W
a-loading the upper limit, warning overflows
8, W
bThe upper limit in the-loading, shutdown overflows
9, Wc-loading lower limit, warning overflows
10, W
dLower limit under the-loading, shutdown overflows
11, the characteristic stroke value of S-balance weight between the initial point lofty perch.Promptly confirm the motor revolution value of haul distance
12, P-variable. the aerial loading KN of roofbolt
13, C-stoichiometric coefficient. by motor revolution travel displacement amount, factors such as pump footpath, pump wastage, ground check and correction error constitute
14, S
AThe target pump efficiency of-system.
Program control oil pumper Automatic Cycle control program comprises the steps:
M
0-original state.Action command: do not have
PLC writes or revises user program, input or modification parameter, and pump plunger 7 stops to top dead-centre C, and balance weight 32 is at low spot 20, and origin switch 21 is in the moving state that closes.
M
1-up startup.Order: T is held in action
0=0 or enabled instruction
Brake 39 gets electric unclamping and the T that delays time
1Prepare for moving motor 35 startups automatically.
M
2-just changeing up.Action command: T
1=0
Motor 35 electric startup, just changeing up, origin switch 21 is moving disconnected, sends pulse signal near switch 36, PLC press S write-off number, the load of the every pulse of record storage simultaneously and current value up to origin switch move fashionable till.
M
3The monitoring of-pump efficiency.Action command: W=P
Pump plunger 7 is in the descending contact pump of top dead-centre C during liquid level; Pump barrel 5 internal pressures are raise gradually; On the oil pumper load transducer 27 then demonstration descend gradually, during head of liquid, travelling valve 8 is opened in pump barrel 5 internal pressures are raised to greater than oil pipe 1; Pump barrel 5 and oil pipe 1 UNICOM, head of liquid are transferred at the bottom of the pump on the standing valve 9.At this moment, it is the roofbolt load p that oil pumper load W has only the beam hanger gravity of pulling plunger, so, being instruction according to W=P, PLC reads this travel displacement value S constantly
1, S
1Be full of value exactly, it is pump efficiency S with the percentage of the ratio of stroke value S
1/ S=S
EAccording to the pump efficiency S that records
EWith target pump efficiency S
AContrast, PLC is full of stand-by period T with what the PID working procedure was confirmed next jig frequency pump
0Make the lifting rate of pump adapt to the liquid supply rate of oil well automatically.
M
4-Gao point is shut down.Action command: S=0 or high some switch 26 moving closing.When the PLC write-off is counted to S=0 or register malfunctioning, the high point of stroke protection switch 26 is moving fashionable, motor 35 has a power failure and time-delay T
2If, closing shutdown because of height point switch is moving, PLC sends alarm signal, but operation is normal.
M
5The time-delay of-Gao point.Action command: T
2=0
High point is shut down time-delay T
2Time arrives, the braking of brake 39 dead electricity, time-delay T
3, T
3And T
0Effect is the same, all is to prolong to shut down to wait for oil well supply time, T
3Long T
0Just short, T
3Be the fixed value of input, T
0Be adjusted value at random, T
3Maximum value can not be greater than T
0Minimum value, otherwise will make T
0Automatically adjustment negative value occurs and lost efficacy.T
3The time pump plunger 7 at bottom dead centre, pump sand card probability is high, T
0Shi Zhusai 7 is at top dead-centre, and the pump leakage time is long, cover according to oil well situation balance profit.
M
6-Gao point starts.Action command: T
3=0
High some time-delay T
3Time arrives, and brake 39 gets electric take-off the brake time-delay T
1, for motor 35 counter-rotatings start descending preparing.
M
7-counter-rotating is descending.Action command: T
1=0
T
1Time arrives, and PLC provides the inverting power supplies instruction, motor 35 counter-rotatings, and balance weight 32 is descending, and PLC begins just to count.
M
8-low spot is shut down.Action command: origin switch 21 is moving to be closed or low spot 20 switches are moving closes.
Motor 35 counter-rotating, balance weight 32 go downwards to bumps iron 24 with origin switch 21 is moving when closing state, and motor has a power failure and time-delay T
2, only under the malfunctioning situation of origin switch 21, bump iron 24 and just can make low spot switch 20 moving closing, at this moment PLC reports to the police.
M
9The time-delay of-initial point.Action command: T
2=0
T
2Time arrives, and beginning initial point 21 is shut down time-delay T
0, but if move T under the situation of closing warning at height point 26 or low spot 20 switches
0Invalid, it is to get back to normally operation of original state after waiting for troubleshooting that initial point 21 is shut down.PLC will accomplish pump efficiency calculating, T is confirmed in the PID computing
0, produce oil calculates and adds up, and the jig frequency number adds up, and storing near records such as the load value and the current value total travel storage of switch 36 each pulse and the shutdown of reporting to the police, full detail is transferred to server.
Claims (7)
1. high efficiency smart pumping unit; Comprise oil pumper, oil well pump, program monitor and the communication server; Said oil pumper includes the frame (22) of immobilizing foundation; The reducer (40) of dual input and dual output shaft extension is equipped with at the top, and one of them input shaft extension connects with automatic operation motor (35) through shaft coupling (41), and be equipped with near switch (36) side of shaft coupling (41); Another input shaft extension is equipped with the dead electricity brake coupling (39) of band synchronous sprocket wheel and connects with manual operation electromagnetic braking motor (37) through roller chain (38); Two output shaft extensions are adorned the right reel of two grooving rotation direction one the first from left respectively; Duplex type behind steel cable A (25) the string overbalance wheel A (28) was gone here and there polished rod eye (23) two pulleys respectively and was separately fixed at the outer end of two winding drum (29) with rope clamp (34); The reel that rotates backward is wrapped in steel cable A (25) in the grooving of reel; Mention high point to polished rod eye (23), again two fag ends behind steel cable B (31) the string overbalance wheel B (30) are gone here and there heavy (32) two pulleys of overbalance respectively and be separately fixed at the inners of two winding drum (29) again with rope clamp; Described polished rod eye (23) connects with beam hanger (2); Beam hanger (2) connects plunger (7), and plunger (7) lower end has travelling valve (8), and described beam hanger (2) connects plunger and together places oil pipe (1) and pump barrel (5); It is characterized in that: pipe (3) in connecting between pump barrel (5) upper end and the oil pipe (1); There is the oil conservator (4) of oil-feed steam vent the suit upper end outside the interior pipe (3), outer tube (6) connection that its lower end is outer with being sleeved on pump barrel (5), and the low-resistance standing valve lower end sealing and fixing of the lower end of outer tube (6) and pump barrel (5) lower link connects; Form the circular passage between oil conservator (4) and the low-resistance standing valve; Liquid level is a in the oil conservator when plunger (7) is descending, and the oil when plunger (7) is up in the oil conservator (4) promotes low-resistance fixed valve ball (18) by head of liquid makes oil get into pump barrel to high position rolling, when plunger (7) arrives top dead-centre c; The interior liquid level of oil conservator (4) still keeps overcoming liquid level between oil-feed resistance b, the c after dropping to b by a, at this moment will shut down the time T of getting back to a to an oil well liquid-supplying oil conservator liquid level
0Described frame (22) rear side is equipped with electric control box (33); The main circuit and control circuit and the telecommunication circuit that are used for moving motor (35), dead electricity brake coupling (39) automatically and manually move electromagnetic braking motor (37) wherein are housed; Solid-state relay SSR1, SSR2, SSR3 and A.C. contactor KM1, KM2 and manual automatic control power supply changeover switch SA are housed in the described main circuit; Described control circuit has automatic operation and manual operation circuit, and moving circuit automatically and be with cyclelog PLC is that core is furnished with input current transformer and is being contained in low spot switch (20) on the frame (22), origin switch (21), high some switch (26), load sensor (27) outside the electric control box (33) and near switch (36); 3 of output are conducting and shutoffs of control solid-state relay SSR1, SSR2, SSR3, thereby the control motor just changes, counter-rotating and brake start and stop action, realizes operation up and down reciprocatingly, accomplishes oil pumping process; Server through being contained in anywhere between GPRS-DTU and PC or the mobile phone realizes that with the mode mutual communication of network service infinity is from remote monitoring.
2. high efficiency smart pumping unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that center-pole (10) being housed, the affixed valve ball spacing collar in its lower end (19) in the valve body (12) of described low-resistance standing valve (9); Its sleeve aperture is greater than valve ball (18) diameter; Its center line for laterally cut with center-pole (10) axis slanted angle less than 90 °, a left side is low right high, and valve ball (18) is housed in the hole; When closing and valve body (12) go up vertically arranged valve seat (17) dead in line; Height by being enclosed within the adjusting pad (16) on the center-pole (10) is adjusted, and also is set with spring base (15) on the center-pole (10), spring (14), positioning body (13) and pressurized body (11); When plunger (7) was pressed downwardly onto pressurized body (11), the pressurized body moved down compression spring (14), and gravity pressure is on positioning body (13); At this moment travelling valve (8) is backed down in center-pole (10) upper end; The valve ball spacing collar of center-pole lower end presses down valve ball (18), makes its disengaging valve seat (17) and can't close realization oil pipe, sleeve pipe UNICOM; When lifting from out on the plunger (7), spring (14) resets it.
3. high efficiency smart pumping unit according to claim 1; It is characterized in that described reel (29); Two grooving rotation directions respectively are that the right reel of a first from left is directly installed on two output shaft extensions of reducer by reel disc (43) respectively, and the fixedly end of steel cable A (25) of several rope clamps (34) is used in each reel outer end, and the reel that rotates backward promotes polished rod eye (23) to peak; At this moment steel cable A (25) two fag ends respectively by the reel outer end to the inner on two drum rope grooves; Only surplus next grooving uses several rope clamps (34) that two fag ends of steel cable B (31) are separately fixed at the inners of two reels again, and when motor-driven reel (29) when changeing forward, steel cable A (25) is emitted by reel (29) the inner outward gradually; Polished rod eye (23) is descending; And be fixed on the inner steel cable B (31) of reel synchronously around last, and balance weight (32) is up, and reel A, two steel cables of B are alternately around last or emit simultaneously and work.
4. high efficiency smart pumping unit according to claim 1; It is characterized in that described rope clamp (34) is made up of rope clamp body (44) and standard component holding screw (42); Rope clamp body (44) is a segment, and the one of which side has fan groove, on the fan groove cylindrical arc-shaped groove is arranged; Interior circular arc has several screws, and cooperation is pressed on steel cable on the reel (29) with holding screw (42) with the reel ends grooving for it.
5. high efficiency smart pumping unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that described dead electricity brake coupling (39) is a price fixing, and cylindrical is equipped with synchronous sprocket wheel; Endoporus is installed on the input shaft extension with bearing; Friction plate is contained on the same input shaft extension with the flute profile spline, and it rotates with the axis, when moving automatically; The brake that dead electricity brake coupling (39) price fixing is worn through synchronous roller chain (38) connection manual operation motor (37) fixes, and it becomes the brake of automatic operation motor (35); When manual operation motor rotation; Brake is in the dead electricity on-position; Roller chain drives the friction plate driving reducer running of the price fixing drive on-position of hinge wheel synchronously; Brake (39) becomes clutch again, realizes under the situation of a reducer without speed changer and clutch two different work motor driven.
6. high efficiency smart pumping unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that described automatic control is core with cyclelog PLC, to PLC input user program and running parameter, needs control sequence, function and the requirement of realization following:
M
0-original state: balance weight is at low spot, and low spot switch (20) is at the moving state that closes
M
1-enabled instruction: the operator holds order or T to startup
0=0, brake (39) starts and time-delay T
1
M
2-start up: T
1Time arrives, and moves motor (35) startup automatically and sends pulse signal near switch (36), and PLC begins the write-off number from stroke value S, simultaneously, writes down the load value and the current value of each pulse signal, and balance weight begins up, and pump plunger is descending
M
3-pump efficiency monitoring: corresponding stroke write-off numerical value S when plunger goes downwards to loading W and equals variable P
1For pump is full of value, pump efficiency S
E=S
1/ S * 100%PLC uses pump efficiency S
EWith target pump efficiency S
ARatio carry out the PID computing
S
E/ S
A＞1 next jig frequency T
0Reduce
S
E/ S
A＜1 next jig frequency T
0Increase
M
4-Gao point is shut down: stroke counts at 0 o'clock from path increment S write-off, and motor has a power failure and time-delay T
2
M
5-Gao point time-delay: T
2Time arrives, and brake (39) has a power failure and brakes and time-delay T
3
M
6-reverse startup the: T
3Time arrives, and brake (39) starts and time-delay T
1
M
7-counter-rotating is descending: T
1Time arrives, and PLC provides inverting power supplies, and the descending register of motor counter-rotating balance weight is just counting since 0
M
8-initial point is shut down: bump iron (24) with the moving fashionable motor power failure of origin switch (21) time-delay T when balance weight goes downwards to
2
M
9-low spot time-delay: T
2Time arrives, and brake (39) has a power failure and brakes trigger T
0At this moment PLC will accomplish pump efficiency calculating, and T is confirmed in the PID computing
0Optimum value; Produce oil calculates and adds up; The jig frequency number adds up, and being transferred to the communication server near load value, current value and the total travel storage of each pulse recording of switch, the full details such as shutdown and fault inquiry of reporting to the police, each jig frequency of server refreshes user profile comprehensively.
7. dead electricity brake coupling according to claim 1 (39); It is characterized in that basal disc (47) is installed in reducer input shaft through bearing (46) and stretches on (45); Sprocket wheel (48) is installed on the basal disc (47) by bolt (60), brake disc (50) and be installed in the spline housing (58) that reducer input shaft stretches on (45) and connect; The spring (59) of loop coil (54) and a plurality of equal distribution is housed in the yoke (52), armature (51) is arranged on it; Yoke (52) and armature (51) are installed on the basal disc (47) by erection bolt (53); Insulating protection dish (57) is equipped with in yoke (52) back; Center electric contact (56) is equipped with at its center; It is inner with coil (54), outer end sphere with connect electrical spring sheet (55) and keep electrically connecting, and the gap between yoke (52) and the armature (51) is adjusted by erection bolt (53) and hollow bolt (49); When moving automatically, dead electricity brake coupling (39) gets electric, and released the rotating with the axis of brake disc (50) separated with manually moving; After operation had a power failure automatically, dead electricity brake coupling (39) dead electricity was braked by the brake of manual operation electromagnetic braking motor through roller chain (38); Manually during operation, manually move electromagnetic braking motor (37) electric, simultaneously brake also electric opening, and dead electricity brake coupling (39) dead electricity drives shaft coupling (41) rotation of the reducer and the power shaft other end at the moving state that closes, and works as usual near switch (36).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110284900.XA CN102359361B (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | Intelligent oil pumping system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110284900.XA CN102359361B (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | Intelligent oil pumping system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102359361A true CN102359361A (en) | 2012-02-22 |
| CN102359361B CN102359361B (en) | 2014-07-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110284900.XA Expired - Fee Related CN102359361B (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | Intelligent oil pumping system |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103696738A (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2014-04-02 | 大庆大华宏业石油工程技术有限公司 | Slide way type flexible positive torque oil pumping unit |
| CN108457641A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-08-28 | 锦州锦研科技有限责任公司 | Portable bailing formula oil pumping pump condition diagnostic device |
| CN108549311A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-09-18 | 新疆石油管理局有限公司准东勘探开发分公司 | Workover treatment automatic data collection analysis system and control method |
| CN109899056A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-06-18 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining parameters of oil pumping unit and computer readable storage medium |
| CN110541809A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-06 | 大连虹桥科技有限公司 | double-acting oil-well pump capable of being filled with oil and draining oil |
| CN111411936A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-07-14 | 新疆润霖新能源技术有限公司 | Device for monitoring and controlling single-well mechanical production operation based on fluid kinetic energy and using method |
| CN111426497A (en) * | 2020-04-05 | 2020-07-17 | 新疆正通石油天然气股份有限公司 | Casing buckling evaluation method in inclined shaft well cementation process |
| CN111810091A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-23 | 合立智能装备有限责任公司 | Full-intelligent vertical hydraulic pumping unit and pumping unit control method |
| CN111810092A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-23 | 合立智能装备有限责任公司 | Automatic stroke frequency setting vertical oil pumping machine and automatic stroke frequency setting control method of oil pumping machine |
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| CN111426497A (en) * | 2020-04-05 | 2020-07-17 | 新疆正通石油天然气股份有限公司 | Casing buckling evaluation method in inclined shaft well cementation process |
| CN111426497B (en) * | 2020-04-05 | 2021-04-30 | 新疆正通石油天然气股份有限公司 | Casing buckling evaluation method in inclined shaft well cementation process |
| CN111411936A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-07-14 | 新疆润霖新能源技术有限公司 | Device for monitoring and controlling single-well mechanical production operation based on fluid kinetic energy and using method |
| CN111810091A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-23 | 合立智能装备有限责任公司 | Full-intelligent vertical hydraulic pumping unit and pumping unit control method |
| CN111810092A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-23 | 合立智能装备有限责任公司 | Automatic stroke frequency setting vertical oil pumping machine and automatic stroke frequency setting control method of oil pumping machine |
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