CN102358660B - Constructed wetland based system and method for recycling factory-like seawater culture discharged water - Google Patents
Constructed wetland based system and method for recycling factory-like seawater culture discharged water Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for recycling factory-like mariculture external drainage based on artificial wetlands. The external drainage water for cultivation is pretreated by a sedimentation tank, enters a first-stage surface flow and a second-stage ascending vertical flow artificial wetland, is purified, enters a reservoir and is recycled. And the sludge enters a sludge collecting tank from the sedimentation tank and is subjected to biological composting treatment to be used for planting salt-tolerant vegetables. Meanwhile, the substrate blockage of the artificial wetland is recovered at irregular time by utilizing the back washing principle. Compared with the existing mariculture external drainage treatment method, the method has the advantages of enhancing the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, having low investment and operation cost, having the characteristics of high efficiency, ecology, environmental protection and economy, and being convenient for popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the outer drainage processing method of a kind of aquaculture, especially relate to a kind of System and method for that utilizes artificial swamp to process the outer draining of sea farming.
Background technology
Over nearly 20 years, the culture fishery of China obtains fast development.According to statistics, within 2006, China's aquaculture output has reached 3,597 ten thousand tons, accounts for 68% of China's fishery ultimate production, accounts for the more than 70% of World Water product cultivating ultimate production, is the country that current unique cultured output exceedes fishery output.China's industrialized culture water body has reached 5,000,000 m at present
2, estimate also to have from now on a great development.Thereby because cultivation scale constantly expands, intensive degree deepens, and environmental protective measure lags behind and the outer draining discharge of cultivation that causes, the destruction that not only causes outside atmosphere, also directly affects the safety of aquaculture water self environment.At present, the treatment process of the outer draining of sea farming is a lot.Physical method has precipitation, absorption, filtration, magnetic separation, foam separation, uv irradiating etc.; Chemical process has flocculation, neutralization, complexing, chemical disinfection etc., and biological method adds light and bacterium, plant filter, active sludge and microbial film.But the simple combination of single physics, chemistry and biological method or several methods can not meet the needs of highdensity industrialized culture, in the urgent need to a kind of comprehensive water treatment mode that integrates physics, chemistry, biology.
Constructed Wetland For Purifying technology demonstrates good application prospect in field of waste water treatment at present as comprehensive processing means.The theoretical investigation of Wastewater Treatment by Constructed Wetlands starts from the MaxPlank institute of nineteen fifty-three Germany.1972, Seidel and Kichuth cooperation proposed root domain tyeory, indicated that artificial swamp has formally entered water pollution control field as a kind of novel sewage disposal technology.After this, artificial swamp water purification technology is constantly perfect, and is widely used on Europe, the U.S., Canada, Japan and other places 20th century 80, the nineties.At present, Artificial Wetland Techniques application is more extensive, according to incompletely statistics, end 2006, Europe has more than 10,000 artificial swamp, there are nearly 20,000 artificial swamps North America, and Asia, Australia, Latin America also have increasing artificial wet land treating system to build up and comes into operation (Wang Shihe, 2007).The research of China's constructed wetland waste water treatment technology starts from the enforcement period of the seventh five-year plan.3100m disposes of sewage artificial swamp day in the white clay hole that build in Shenzhen, environmental protection place, nineteen ninety State Environmental Protection Administration south China
3, can be regarded as actual practice first.Although the research of artificial swamp water purification technology is started late in China, development rapidly.At present, artificial swamp water purification technology makes important progress in the following aspects: (1) application constantly expands.Originally artificial swamp is mainly used in city domestic sewage, applies gradually afterwards the second-stage treatment of various trade effluents and the waste water of specific type such as weaving, papermaking, food, plating, petrochemical complex, as percolate, storm runoff etc.(2) design scale constantly expands.In the Gulfian, the littoral prawn culturing waste water artificial wet land treating system of setting up takes up an area 7.7ha to U.S. David etc. (2002), day processing waste water 13600m
3.The Beijing olympic park artificial swamp of China takes up an area 60,000 m
2, daily handling ability 30,000 m
3.(3) purifying water effect improves constantly.Summerfelts etc. (1999) utilize artificial swamp to the clearance of aquaculture water total suspended matter 96%, kjeldahl nitrogen is 82-93%.Liu etc. (2007) utilize Constructed Wetland For Purifying heavy metal, and the clearance of Cd, Pb, Zn is all more than 90%.The research of Molleda etc. (2008) shows that artificial swamp is 97.0-100% to the clearance of pathogenic micro-organism.Wen Yue etc. (2007) utilize the organism of horizontal drowned flow artificial wet land in disposing of sewage, and system water outlet COD is all less than 30mg/L.
Although, Artificial Wetland Techniques for the processing of the outer draining of sea farming provides may, but still there is the following gordian technique to be solved that has: (1) needs to set up the artificial wet land treating system for salt tolerant, comprises selection, the cultivation of salt-tolerant plant and microorganism.(2) the advanced treatment problem of nitrogen phosphorus under effect, the especially lower concentration of need reinforcement artificial swamp denitrogenation dephosphorizing.(3) prevention of artificial swamp substrate clogging and recovery countermeasure.
Thereby, the present invention be directed to the outer draining water purification technology present situation of current marine culture, and the problem existing in conjunction with Artificial Wetland Techniques proposes in application.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of purifying water effect is good, investment and working cost low, simple to operation, can realize the outer draining cyclic utilization system of the unified marine culture of economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits and method; A little less than overcoming its salt resistance ability based on artificial swamp and by technological invention, transformation, the easily deficiency such as obstruction of poor denitrification and dephosphorization effect, matrix.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: the outer draining cyclic utilization system of a kind of marine culture based on artificial swamp, comprise the settling tank being connected with the water exhaust system of cultivating workshop, between cultivating workshop and settling tank, be provided with drop water aeration step, settling tank is connected with one-level surface current artificial wetland by water discharge line, one-level surface current artificial wetland is connected with the bottom of the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary, make the outer draining of processing through one-level surface current artificial wetland enter the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary from bottom, the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary is connected with water reservoir, water reservoir is connected with the return water system of cultivating workshop by water channel, the vertical up stream artificial swamp of described secondary is also connected with settling tank by shore pipe, and settling tank connects mud collecting tank by shore pipe, and mud collecting tank connects biological compost treating pond.
Further, the outer draining cyclic utilization system of a kind of marine culture based on artificial swamp as above, wherein, the substrate material that the vertical up stream artificial swamp of described secondary is filled is respectively 20cm gravel bed, 20cm zeolite layer, 20cm Blast Furnace Ore slag blanket, the medium sandy gravel stratum of 10cm from down to up.
Further, the outer draining cyclic utilization system of a kind of marine culture based on artificial swamp as above, wherein, the grain size of gravel of described gravel bed is 5～8cm, the zeolite particle diameter of described zeolite layer is 3～5cm, the blast-furnace slag particle diameter of described Blast Furnace Ore slag blanket is 1～3cm, and the medium gravel particle diameter of described medium sandy gravel stratum is 0.5～1cm.
Further, the outer draining cyclic utilization system of a kind of marine culture based on artificial swamp as above, wherein, the gradient of described one-level surface current artificial wetland up stream artificial swamp vertical with secondary is 0.3%～2%.
Further, the outer draining cyclic utilization system of a kind of marine culture based on artificial swamp as above, wherein, on described one-level surface current artificial wetland up stream artificial swamp vertical with secondary, plantation, through the salt-tolerant plant of domestication, comprises one or more in reed, cattail, Value of Spartina Anglica, spartina alterniflora loisel.
Further, the outer draining cyclic utilization system of a kind of marine culture based on artificial swamp as above, wherein, described shore pipe diameter is 160mm～250mm, the shore pipe of the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary and the shore pipe of settling tank are in series, and are respectively
shape setting; Shore pipe upper left side, above and to leave 3 row's diameters be 20mm in upper right side, the mud discharging mouth that spacing is 100mm.
Further, the outer draining cyclic utilization system of a kind of marine culture based on artificial swamp as above, wherein, also comprises growing vegetables district, and plantation salt tolerance vegetables alkali is fluffy, one or more in tomato, celery, capsicum.
The outer draining circulation utilization method of marine culture based on artificial swamp, cultivates outer draining and is discharged by cultivating workshop, under action of gravity, after the oxygenation of drop water aeration step, flows freely into settling tank; After removing suspended particulate matter, sedimentation enters successively one-level surface current artificial wetland, the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary; After purifying treatment, enter again water reservoir and introduce cultivating workshop reuse by water channel; The suspended particulate matter of sedimentation enters mud collecting tank by shore pipe under the pressure-acting of water, after sedimentation again, dehydration, is transferred to biological compost treating pond, uses after making organic fertilizer through oxidation, fermentation in growing vegetables district.
Further, the outer draining circulation utilization method of the marine culture based on artificial swamp as above, wherein, adds the salt-durable microbe through domestication at one-level surface current artificial wetland up stream artificial swamp vertical with secondary.
Further, the outer draining circulation utilization method of the marine culture based on artificial swamp as above, wherein, Bullacta exarata in settling tank.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
(1) efficient.Can effectively remove the pollutents such as suspended substance, COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, especially strengthened the effect of denitrogenation dephosphorizing compared with single surface current artificial wetland or vertical current constructed wetland.
(2) economy.This engineering cost of investment is low, does not need power consumption in operational process, does not substantially need maintenance cost.Every square metre of artificial swamp can be realized the recycle of 300 cubes of water bodys every year, cost-saved more than 1000 yuan of year.
(3) environmental protection.This technology is processed cultivating outer draining, and recycle, has realized completely " zero release ".
(4) slow down and recover to stop up.Adopt the mode of intermittent water inflow to slow down substrate clogging, and adopt backwash technique to recover substrate clogging.
(5) ecology.Constructed wetland plant not only plays a part purifying water body, has certain greening ornamental value simultaneously.Can be used as the starting material of feed or organic fertilizer simultaneously.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the outer draining utilization process schema of the marine culture based on artificial swamp;
Fig. 2 is the outer draining cyclic utilization system orthographic plan of the marine culture based on artificial swamp;
Fig. 3 is the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary sectional view;
Fig. 4 is the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary, sludge from sedimentation tank pipe vertical view;
Fig. 5 is shore pipe sectional view.
In figure: 1-cultivating workshop; 2-drop water aeration step; 3-settling tank; 4-one-level surface current artificial wetland; The vertical up stream artificial swamp of 5-secondary; 6-water reservoir; 7-water channel; 8-mud collecting tank; 9-biological compost treating pond; 10-vegetables culture zone; 11-valve; 12-water pump; 13-shore pipe; 14-water-in; 15-gravel; 16-zeolite; 17-high rate slag; The medium gravel of 18-; 19-water outlet; 20-reed; 21-mud discharging mouth.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the system of the outer draining recycle of a kind of marine culture based on artificial swamp provided by the present invention, according to landform, physical features design, comprise cultivating workshop, settling tank, one-level surface current artificial wetland, the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary, water reservoir, mud collecting tank, biological compost treating pond and growing vegetables district etc., wherein settling tank, one-level surface current artificial wetland, the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary, water reservoir connect successively and with the cyclic utilization system of the outer draining of cultivating workshop composition; The vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary, settling tank, biological compost treating pond and growing vegetables district are composed in series the cyclic utilization system of excess sludge successively.
Cultivate outer draining and discharged by cultivating workshop, under action of gravity, after the oxygenation of drop water aeration step, flow freely into settling tank; After removing suspended particulate matter, sedimentation enters successively one-level surface current artificial wetland, the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary; After purifying treatment, enter again water reservoir and introduce cultivating workshop reuse by water channel; The suspended particulate matter of sedimentation enters mud collecting tank by shore pipe under the pressure-acting of water, after sedimentation again, dehydration, is transferred to biological compost treating pond, uses after making organic fertilizer through oxidation, fermentation in growing vegetables district.
System architecture of the present invention forms as shown in Figure 2, comprise the settling tank 3 being connected with the water exhaust system of cultivating workshop 1, between cultivating workshop 1 and settling tank 3, be provided with drop water aeration step 2, settling tank 3 is connected with one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 by water discharge line, one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 is connected with the bottom of the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary, make the outer draining of processing through one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 enter the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary from bottom, the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary is connected with water reservoir 6, water reservoir 6 is connected with the return water system of cultivating workshop 1 by water channel 7, the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of described secondary is also connected with settling tank 3 by shore pipe 13, settling tank 3 connects mud collecting tank 8 by shore pipe, mud collecting tank 8 connects biological compost treating pond 9, uses after making organic fertilizer through oxidation, fermentation in growing vegetables district 10.The function and structure feature of the each integral part of said system is as follows:
Cultivating workshop 1: be used for carrying out marine culture.
Settling tank 3: can realize the separation of the outer draining mud of sea farming, water, remove most of suspended particulate and organic substance; In settling tank, cultivate the mud snail of filter-feeding, and the pipeline of laying spoil disposal is connected with mud collecting tank, secondary vertical current constructed wetland.
One-level surface current artificial wetland 4: one-level surface current artificial wetland bottom is soil matrix, does not fill any other substrate material, and plantation is above through the salt-tolerant plant of domestication, in reed, cattail, Value of Spartina Anglica, spartina alterniflora loisel one or more.
The vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary: the substrate material that the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary is filled is respectively the gravel that thickness is 20cm (5～8cm), the zeolite (3～5cm) that thickness is 20cm, the blast-furnace slag (1～3cm) that thickness is 20cm, the medium gravel (0.5～1cm) that thickness is 10cm from down to up.Plant above through domestication salt-tolerant plant, in reed, cattail, Value of Spartina Anglica, spartina alterniflora loisel one or more.
Water reservoir 6: be used for the outer draining of cultivation that stores processor crosses.
Mud collecting tank 8: can realize mud-water separation.
Biological compost treating pond 9: mud is made organic fertilizer through the oxidation of biological compost treating pond, fermentation.
Growing vegetables district 10: realize the recycle of organic fertilizer, and plant that salt tolerance vegetables alkali is fluffy, one or more in tomato, celery, capsicum.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 2, the outer draining cyclic utilization system of marine culture based on artificial swamp, comprises the settling tank 3 being connected with the water exhaust system of cultivating workshop 1, is provided with drop water aeration step 2, Bullacta exarata in settling tank 3 between cultivating workshop 1 and settling tank 3.Settling tank 3 is connected with one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 by water discharge line, one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 is connected with the bottom of the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary, the gradient of one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 up stream artificial swamp 5 vertical with secondary is 0.3%～2% and (refers to every 100 meters of horizontal throw, vertical direction rises or declines 0.3～2 meter), make the outer draining of processing through one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 enter the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary from bottom.On one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 up stream artificial swamp 5 vertical with secondary, plantation, through the salt-tolerant plant of domestication, comprises one or more in reed, cattail, Value of Spartina Anglica, spartina alterniflora loisel.In one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 up stream artificial swamp 5 vertical with secondary, microorganism derives from the salt-durable microbe of system natural propagation on the one hand, derives from the other hand the salt-durable microbe through domestication of interpolation.The vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary is connected with water reservoir 6, and water reservoir 6 is connected with the return water system of cultivating workshop 1 by water channel 7.The vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of described secondary is also connected with settling tank 3 by shore pipe 13, and settling tank 3 connects mud collecting tank 8 by shore pipe, and mud collecting tank 8 connects biological compost treating pond 9.Use in growing vegetables district 10 after making organic fertilizer through oxidation, fermentation, growing vegetables district plantation salt tolerance vegetables alkali is fluffy, one or more in tomato, celery, capsicum.
As shown in Figure 3, the substrate material that the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary is filled is respectively the gravel bed 15 that thickness is 20cm, the zeolite layer 16 that thickness is 20cm, the Blast Furnace Ore slag blanket 17 that thickness is 20cm, the medium sandy gravel stratum 18 that thickness is 10cm from down to up.The grain size of gravel of gravel bed 15 is 5～8cm, and the zeolite particle diameter of described zeolite layer 16 is 3～5cm, and the blast-furnace slag particle diameter of described Blast Furnace Ore slag blanket 17 is 1～3cm, and the medium gravel particle diameter of described medium sandy gravel stratum 18 is 0.5～1cm.On wetland, plant and have reed 20, the water outlet 19 of wetland is positioned at medium sandy gravel stratum more than 18.Be provided with shore pipe 13 in the bottom of gravel bed 15.Shore pipe 13 diameters are 160mm～250mm.
As shown in Figure 4, the shore pipe 13 of the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary 5 bottoms is in series with the shore pipe 13 of settling tank 3 bottoms, and two overlap shore pipes 13 and are respectively
shape setting.On the spoil disposal pipeline of series connection, be provided with valve 11.Two cover shore pipes 13 are controlled separately by two valves 11 respectively, not timing spoil disposal.As shown in Figure 5, it is 20mm that 3 row's diameters are left in shore pipe 13 upper left sides, top and upper right side, the mud discharging mouth 21 that spacing is 100mm.
The outer draining of sea farming is discharged by cultivating workshop 1, flows freely into settling tank 3 and realize mud-water separation under action of gravity after drop water aeration oxygenation; Outer draining enters one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 and carries out coagulation through absorption, matrix absorption and the microbiological deterioration of salt-tolerant plant; The outer draining of processing through one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 enters the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary and filters, adsorbs through matrix from bottom, plant absorbs, and the processing of the degree of depth is carried out in microbiological deterioration; Water after treatment flows into water reservoir 6; The water of water reservoir can be by water pump 12 reuses to cultivating workshop 1.
The excess sludge producing at settling tank 3 can enter mud collecting tank 6 by 13 not timings of the shore pipe of bottom, by transferring to biological compost treating pond 9 after sedimentation again, dehydration, uses after making organic fertilizer through oxidation, fermentation in growing vegetables district 10.The vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary 5 bottoms are installed shore pipe 13 and are connected with settling tank 4, by back flushing principle not timing spoil disposal.
Native system can effectively be removed the pollutents such as suspended substance, COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, to the clearance of nitrogen, phosphorus respectively up to more than 88% and 90%.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention the present invention.Like this, if to these amendments of the present invention with within modification belongs to the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technology thereof, the present invention is also intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.
Claims (1)
1. the outer draining cyclic utilization system of the marine culture based on artificial swamp, it is characterized in that: comprise the settling tank (3) being connected with the water exhaust system of cultivating workshop (1), between cultivating workshop (1) and settling tank (3), be provided with drop water aeration step (2), settling tank (3) is connected with one-level surface current artificial wetland (4) by water discharge line, one-level surface current artificial wetland (4) is connected with the bottom of the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary (5), make the outer draining of processing through one-level surface current artificial wetland (4) enter the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary (5) from bottom, the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary (5) is connected with water reservoir (6), water reservoir (6) is connected with the return water system of cultivating workshop (1) by water channel (7), also comprise growing vegetables district (10), plantation salt tolerance vegetables alkali is fluffy, one or more in tomato, celery, capsicum, the vertical up stream artificial swamp of described secondary (5) is also connected with settling tank (3) by shore pipe (13), settling tank (3) connects mud collecting tank (8) by shore pipe, mud collecting tank (8) connects biological compost treating pond (9), and the substrate material that the vertical up stream artificial swamp of described secondary (5) is filled is respectively 20cm gravel bed (15), 20cm zeolite layer (16), 20cm Blast Furnace Ore slag blanket (17), the medium sandy gravel stratum of 10cm (18) from down to up, the upper plantation of described one-level surface current artificial wetland (4) up stream artificial swamp vertical with secondary (5), through the salt-tolerant plant of domestication, comprises one or more in reed, cattail, Value of Spartina Anglica, spartina alterniflora loisel, the grain size of gravel of described gravel bed (15) is 5～8cm, the zeolite particle diameter of described zeolite layer (16) is 3～5cm, the blast-furnace slag particle diameter of described Blast Furnace Ore slag blanket (17) is 1～3cm, and the medium gravel particle diameter of described medium sandy gravel stratum (18) is 0.5～1cm, the gradient of described one-level surface current artificial wetland (4) up stream artificial swamp vertical with secondary (5) is 0.3%～2%, described shore pipe (13) diameter is 160mm～250mm, and the shore pipe of the shore pipe of the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary (5) and settling tank (3) is in series, and is respectively
shape setting, leaving 3 row's diameters in shore pipe (13) upper left side, top and upper right side is 20mm, the mud discharging mouth (21) that spacing is 100mm.
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