CN102354614B - Phosphide counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cell and preparation method for phosphide counter electrode - Google Patents
Phosphide counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cell and preparation method for phosphide counter electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN102354614B CN102354614B CN 201110271785 CN201110271785A CN102354614B CN 102354614 B CN102354614 B CN 102354614B CN 201110271785 CN201110271785 CN 201110271785 CN 201110271785 A CN201110271785 A CN 201110271785A CN 102354614 B CN102354614 B CN 102354614B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Abstract
The invention relates to a phosphide counter electrode for a dye sensitized solar cell and a preparation method for the phosphide counter electrode. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding water-soluble metal salt and red phosphorus into a glycol and water mixed solvent according to a mass ratio of a phosphide, fully stirring, adding carbon materials dispersed in a water or glycol solvent (the mass ratio of the transitional metal phosphide to the carbon materials is (0.1-1): (0-1)), fully stirring, and performing hydro-thermal reaction under a closed condition at temperature of between 120 and 200 DEG C for 2 to 24 hours; washing and drying a solid product, mixing the solid product, a proper amount of water and an organic binder, and grinding to obtain slurry; and scraping, screen-printing or rotatably coating the slurry onto a conductive substrate uniformly, drying the slurry at temperature of between 50 and 120 DEG C, and thus obtaining the phosphide carbon counter electrode. Compared with the corresponding pure carbon counter electrode, the counter electrode prepared by using the method has higher performance and is easy to prepare, low in cost, high in stability and obvious in practical value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new dye sensitization solar battery to electrode and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
DSSC is compared traditional silica-based solar cell and is had that with low cost, technique is simple, the advantage of stable performance, is the solar cell that has development potentiality.Typical DSSC mainly comprises three parts: the semi-conducting electrode of dye sensitization (work electrode), I
-/ I
3 -Electrolyte and platinum electrode (to electrode).Wherein, although platinum has good performance to electrode, yet as rare precious metals, cost is expensive, makes the development of DSSC restricted.Therefore, development low-cost counter electrode material substitution platinum has very important significance.In recent years, the relevant disclosed Chinese patent of electrode is comprised: CN 200610114581.7, CN200710177810.4, and CN 200810227107.4, CN201010212640.0,200910072714.2, CN 200910072716.1 etc.Great majority as active material, also have composite material that patent adopted carbon containing as to electrode with carbon in these patents, CN 200610135370.1 CN200910043344.X for example, CN 200910072714.2 etc.
Chinese patent CN200680026382.9, CN200810012001.2, CN201010193860.3 disclose respectively the preparation method of transition metal phosphide material, and method step is various, complicated operation, condition is harsh, and is influential to environment.The method that Chinese patent CN201010602220.3 discloses preparing phosphide by performing thermal decomposition on triphenylphosphine compound prepares carbon carrying transition metal phosphide, and the cost of material that the method is used is high, and poisonous.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new DSSC to electrode and preparation method thereof, this to electrode by the transition metal phosphide nanoparticulate dispersed in having the material with carbon element of satisfactory electrical conductivity as active material, have than with the simple material with carbon element performance more outstanding to electrode; This prepares simple and easy to electrode, with low cost, superior performance, and stability is high, and practical value is high.
DSSC provided by the invention is supported active material membrane on conductive substrates to electrode, the active material film is as raw material take water-soluble transition metal salt and red phosphorus, add material with carbon element, ratio 0.5～4.5: 10 according to the amount of substance of metallic element and red phosphorus, transition metal phosphide and material with carbon element mass ratio 0.1～1: 0～1 is prepared from, wherein, the thickness of active material film is 5～50 microns.
Concrete preparation technology: water-soluble transition metal salt and red phosphorus are blended in the (volume ratio 0.5～2 of organic solvent and water: 1) in the mixed solvent of organic solvent and water, add again finely disseminated material with carbon element, prepare the phosphide material with carbon element through hydro-thermal reaction, reaction condition is: 120～200 degrees centigrade of temperature, 2～24 hours time; Then directly do not obtain transition metal phosphide if do not add material with carbon element.With the transition metal phosphide for preparing, or the complex activity material that forms of transition metal phosphide and material with carbon element makes slurry and films on conductive substrates, and drying makes phosphide carbon or phosphide DSSC to electrode.
The mass ratio of transition metal phosphide and material with carbon element is 0.1～1: 0～1 in the described active material.
Described transition metal is at least a in manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum or the tungsten.
Described material with carbon element is that Graphene, conductive carbon black, acetylene black or resistivity are lower than at least a in the material with carbon element that resistivity is lower than 2.0 ohm meters.
Described conductive substrates is electro-conductive glass, metal or plastics.
DSSC provided by the invention may further comprise the steps the preparation method of electrode:
1) water-soluble metal salt and red phosphorus are added the ethylene glycol water mixed solvent according to phosphide metering ratio, volume ratio 0.5～2: 1, after fully stirring, add the material with carbon element that is scattered in water or the ethylene glycol solvent, after fully stirring, hydro-thermal reaction in confined conditions, its condition is: 120～200 degrees centigrade of temperature, 2～24 hours time.
2) phosphide-carbon composite that makes is mixed with water and organic binder bond (such as sodium cellulose glycolate), fully grind and make slurry.The even blade coating of slurry, silk screen printing or spin-coating on conductive substrates, 50～120 ℃ of dryings, are made phosphide carbon to electrode.
The present invention does the phosphorus source with red phosphorus, and is nontoxic and cost is low, adopts hydro-thermal reaction, preparation transition metal phosphide carbon composite under temperate condition, and process is simple, environmental friendliness, provides a kind of new DSSC to electrode and preparation method thereof.In phosphide, add a small amount of material with carbon elements such as Graphene the phosphide nano particle is more disperseed, thereby have higher activity.That adopts the present invention's preparation makes corresponding solar cell have the photoelectric properties more outstanding to electrode than simple material with carbon element to electrode, and concrete data can be referring to the contrast of embodiment 1 with Comparative Examples 1.In addition, described low-cost DSSC prepares simple and easy, with low cost, stability height to electrode, and environmentally friendly, practical value is obvious, has important economic benefit.
Description of drawings
The X-ray diffraction pattern of made nickel phosphide, nickel phosphide graphene complex among Fig. 1 embodiment 1, the embodiment 2.
The electron scanning micrograph of made nickel phosphide-graphene complex among Fig. 2 embodiment 1.
The electron scanning micrograph of made nickel phosphide among Fig. 3 embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 adopts the photoelectric current voltage curve of the made solar cell to electrode of embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 adopts the photoelectric current voltage curve of the made solar cell to electrode of embodiment 2.
Fig. 6 adopts the photoelectric current voltage curve of the made solar cell to electrode of embodiment 3.
Fig. 7 adopts the photoelectric current voltage curve of the made solar cell to electrode of embodiment 4.
Fig. 8 adopts the photoelectric current voltage curve of the made solar cell to electrode of embodiment 5.
Fig. 9 adopts the photoelectric current-voltage curve of the made solar cell to electrode of embodiment 6.
Figure 10 adopts the photoelectric current voltage curve of the made solar cell to electrode of Comparative Examples 1.
Embodiment
Substantive distinguishing features of the present invention and remarkable result can be embodied from following embodiment, but they are not that the present invention is imposed any restrictions.
Embodiment 1
Metal titanium sheet support titanium nitride/the superconduction carbon black is to electrode, its preparation process is as follows:
1) in the mixed solvent of 25 milliliters of ethylene glycol and water (volume ratio 9: 16), adds 243 milligrams of nickel chlorides, stir, add again 195 milligrams of red phosphorus, continue to stir after 30 minutes ultrasonic 30 minutes (ultrasonic power 100W, supersonic frequency 40KHz), and then stirred 1 hour.
2) with 50 milligrams of Graphene (XF002, Nanjing Xian Feng Nono-material Science ﹠ Technology Ltd.) adds in 20 ml distilled waters, after the ultrasonic dispersion, slowly join step 1) in the mixed liquor that obtains, continue to stir after 30 minutes, transfer to and have (60 milliliters of volumes) in the teflon-lined stainless steel cauldron, seal.
3) reactor is placed in the baking oven, 180 degrees centigrade are incubated 12 hours.Naturally after the cooling, successively wash respectively the solid product that makes with distilled water and ethanol, then be positioned in the vacuum drying chamber to descend dry 12 hours at 50 degrees centigrade, make nickel phosphide-graphene complex, its scanning electron microscope diagram is seen Fig. 2.
4) the nickel phosphide graphene complex with preparation mixes with an amount of sodium cellulose glycolate (6.7 milligrams) and distilled water (5 milliliters), grinds 30 minutes, and it is for subsequent use to make slurry (slurry).
5) tin indium oxide (FTO) electro-conductive glass that will mix fluorine is cut into the sheet of 2 centimetres of 1 cm x, is dipped in the absolute ethyl alcohol, and supersound washing was dried for subsequent use in 30 minutes after (supersonic frequency 40 KHz, 20 watts of power).
6) electro-conductive glass of cleaning is fixed on the table top of level, drip spreading mass with dropper, then with the even blade coating of sheet glass, dried in the vacuum drying oven that is placed on 50 degrees centigrade dry 24 hours, active material forms thickness and is about 10 microns film, makes the nickel phosphide Graphene electrodes.
Made performance test to electrode is as follows:
1) in the electrode performance test, the work electrode that adopts prepares according to the following procedure: with the 3M invisible tape electro-conductive glass three limits are covered, reserve the area of 1 centimetre of about 1 cm x, with the uniform blade coating of colloidal tio 2 in interspacing in advance, naturally tear adhesive tape after drying, place Muffle furnace 500 ℃ of sintering 30 minutes, naturally after the cooling, immerse in the dye solution (ethanol solution of 0.50 mM/l of N719 dyestuff) of in advance preparation, soak after 12-24 hour and take out.
2) in the electrode performance test, the electrolyte of employing comprises positive tetrabutylammonium iodide, 0.60 mol/L, and lithium iodide, 0.10 mol/L, iodine, 0.10 mol/L, 4-tertiary butyl pyridine (TBP), 0.50 mol/L, solvent is anhydrous acetonitrile.
3) the 3M invisible tape is sticked in the work electrode both sides, (up and down staggered 3 millimeter) are staggeredly placed to electrode is relative with the nickel phosphide Graphene that makes, both sides clip with clip, add electrolyte and namely be assembled into simple and easy solar cell in the slit in the middle of two plate electrodes.
4) make the battery that light source vertical irradiation (light intensity is 100 milliwatt/square centimeters) assembles with solar simulator (NewPort Solar Simulator 2 Λ), light is from the incident of work electrode face, on Zahner 1M6c electrochemical workstation to measuring electric current one voltage curve of battery, test specification: 0-900 millivolt, sweep speed are 100 millivolts/second.
5) test result as shown in Figure 4, short circuit current is 11.90 milliamperes/square centimeter, open circuit voltage is 0.709 volt, fill factor, curve factor is 0.63, photoelectric conversion efficiency is 5.34%.
Under the similarity condition, the results obtained are as follows to adopt conventional Pt/FTO electrode: short circuit current is 12.09 milliamperes/square centimeter, and open circuit voltage is 0.727 volt, and fill factor, curve factor is 0.64, and photoelectric conversion efficiency is 5.59%.The results are shown in Table 1.
With embodiment 1, but do not add Graphene in preparation process, namely the active material film only is comprised of nickel phosphide, makes nickel phosphide to electrode, records its photoelectric current voltage curve as shown in Figure 5.Short circuit current is 10.70 milliamperes/square centimeter, and open circuit voltage is 0.71 volt, and fill factor, curve factor is 0.48, and photoelectric conversion efficiency is 3.66%.
Embodiment 3
Graphene among the embodiment 1 is changed into conductive carbon black (magnificent limited industrial company is inspired confidence in Shanghai, than resistance 0.2 ohm meter), after infiltrating with ethanol first, be scattered in the water, other make the nickel phosphide conductive black to electrode with embodiment 1, record its photoelectric current voltage curve as shown in Figure 6.Short circuit current is 11.29 milliamperes/square centimeter, and open circuit voltage is 0.704 volt, and fill factor, curve factor is 0.62, and photoelectric conversion efficiency is 4.95%.
Nickel chloride among the embodiment 1 is changed into cobalt chloride, and other make phosphatization cobalt-Graphene to electrode with embodiment 1, record its photoelectric current-voltage curve as shown in Figure 7.Short circuit current is 11.61 milliamperes/square centimeter, and open circuit voltage is 0.705 volt, and fill factor, curve factor is 0.66, and photoelectric conversion efficiency is 5.42%.
Embodiment 5
Nickel chloride among the embodiment 3 is changed into ammonium molybdate, and other make phosphatization molybdenum conductive black to electrode with embodiment 3, record its photoelectric current voltage curve as shown in Figure 8.Short circuit current is 10.09 milliamperes/square centimeter, and open circuit voltage is 0.701 volt, and fill factor, curve factor is 0.62, and photoelectric conversion efficiency is 4.39%.
FTO electro-conductive glass among the embodiment 1 is changed into metal titanium sheet, and other make the nickel phosphide Graphene of titanium sheet support to electrode with embodiment 1, record its photoelectric current-voltage curve as shown in Figure 9.Short circuit current is 12.24 milliamperes/square centimeter, and open circuit voltage is 0.711 volt, and fill factor, curve factor is 0.63, and photoelectric conversion efficiency is 5.51%.
Comparative Examples 1
With embodiment 1, but do not adding nickel chloride and red phosphorus, namely the active material film only is comprised of Graphene, makes Graphene to electrode, records its photoelectric current voltage curve as shown in figure 10.Short circuit current is 10.84 milliamperes/square centimeter, and open circuit voltage is 0.70 volt, and fill factor, curve factor is 0.58, and photoelectric conversion efficiency is 4.42%.Contrast as seen with embodiment 1, do not contain nickel phosphide in the active material, when only doing electrode with Graphene, with electricity of the present invention electrode is compared, the short circuit current of battery has reduced by 9.8%, and open circuit voltage has reduced by 1.3%, fill factor, curve factor has reduced by 8.6%, and photoelectric conversion efficiency has reduced by 20.8%.
Photoelectric properties Data Comparison in table 1 embodiment and the Comparative Examples
Claims (8)
1. a DSSC is to electrode, it is characterized in that: it is supported active material membrane on conductive substrates, the active material film is take water-soluble transition metal salt and red phosphorus as raw material, adds material with carbon element, prepares the complex activity material of transition metal phosphide and material with carbon element composition; Then directly do not obtain transition metal phosphide if do not add material with carbon element;
Concrete preparation technology: water-soluble transition metal salt and red phosphorus are blended in the mixed solvent of organic solvent and water, add again material with carbon element, prepare the complex activity material of transition metal phosphide and material with carbon element composition through hydro-thermal reaction;
Reaction condition is: 120～200 degrees centigrade of temperature, 2～24 hours time;
The ratio 0.5～4.5: 10 of the amount of substance of transition metal and red phosphorus, transition metal phosphide and material with carbon element mass ratio 0.1～1: 0～1;
With the transition metal phosphide for preparing, or the complex activity material that forms of transition metal phosphide and material with carbon element is made slurry and is filmed on conductive substrates, drying makes complex activity material that transition metal phosphide and material with carbon element form or transition metal phosphide DSSC to electrode.
2. DSSC according to claim 1 is characterized in that electrode: the thickness of described active material film is 5～50 microns.
3. DSSC according to claim 1 is characterized in that electrode: described transition metal is at least a in manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum or the tungsten.
4. DSSC according to claim 1 is characterized in that electrode: described material with carbon element is that resistivity is lower than at least a in the material with carbon element of 2.0 ohm meters.
5. DSSC according to claim 1 is characterized in that electrode: described material with carbon element is at least a in the material with carbon element of Graphene or conductive carbon black.
6. DSSC according to claim 1 is characterized in that electrode: described conductive substrates is electro-conductive glass or metal.
7. a DSSC claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps to the preparation method of electrode:
1) water-soluble metal salt and red phosphorus are added ethylene glycol and water mixed solvent according to phosphide metering ratio, volume ratio 0.5～2: 1, after fully stirring, add the material with carbon element that is scattered in water or the ethylene glycol solvent, after fully stirring, hydro-thermal reaction in confined conditions, its condition is: 120～200 degrees centigrade of temperature, 2～24 hours time;
2) phosphide-carbon composite that makes is mixed with water and organic binder bond, fully grind and make slurry; With the even blade coating of slurry, silk screen printing or spin-coating on conductive substrates, 50～120 ℃ of dryings.
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described organic binder bond is sodium cellulose glycolate.
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| CN104437572B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-12-05 | 常州大学 | A kind of preparation method of graphene-supported nano nickel phosphide hydrogenation catalyst |
| CN104772156A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-07-15 | 陕西科技大学 | Preparation method for graphene loaded cobalt nickel phosphide composite material |
| CN106280680A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-04 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of phosphorous ink of water solublity and preparation method thereof |
| CN111146012B (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2021-05-04 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Micron rod-shaped P4O6(Ni(CO)3)4Base composite material, preparation method and application |
| CN111180213B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-04-23 | 河南大学 | Application of cobalt triphosphate-based binary counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cell |
| CN111696788B (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-09-17 | 信阳师范学院 | Counter electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN115172058B (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2023-10-10 | 河南大学 | MoP/MoNiP 2 Composite material, preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101391223A (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2009-03-25 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Preparation method of no-loaded nickel phosphide catalyst |
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| CN101391223A (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2009-03-25 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Preparation method of no-loaded nickel phosphide catalyst |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 《Novel counter electrode based on NiP-plated glass and Ti plate substrate for dye-sensitized solar cells》;Guiqiang Wang et al.;《Journal of materials science》;20070131;第42卷(第13期);全文 * |
| Guiqiang Wang et al..《Novel counter electrode based on NiP-plated glass and Ti plate substrate for dye-sensitized solar cells》.《Journal of materials science》.2007,第42卷(第13期), |
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