CN102352116A - Wood-plastic composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wood-plastic composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102352116A CN102352116A CN2011102099075A CN201110209907A CN102352116A CN 102352116 A CN102352116 A CN 102352116A CN 2011102099075 A CN2011102099075 A CN 2011102099075A CN 201110209907 A CN201110209907 A CN 201110209907A CN 102352116 A CN102352116 A CN 102352116A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wood-plastic composite material and a preparation method thereof. The wood-plastic composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in part by weight: 30 to 80 parts of modified plant fiber, 20 to 70 parts of plastic, 2 to 10 parts of compatilizer, 2 to 10 parts of lubricant, 0.2 to 1.0 part of antioxidant, 5 to 15 parts of filler and 2 to 10 parts of flame retardant. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preparing the modified plant fiber which is separated from each other and of which the surface is coated with lignin by using wood fiber, namely cotton stalks by a blasting treatment method, compounding the modified plant fiber and the plastic, and extruding to form a finished product material. By the method, the technical problem of low compatibility of wood fiber and thermoplastic plastic is solved, the comprehensive utilization of the wood fiber and the plastic is realized, timber can be replaced, and the added value of agricultural waste, namely the cotton stalks is increased. The prepared wood-plastic composite material has good mechanical properties, and high tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength; and the industrialized production of high-performance products such as constructional engineering materials is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composition and method of making the same of filamentary material, particularly a kind of wood plastic composite that contains vegetable fibre and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
China is that the forest reserves poor country, especially China's economy get into the high speed development stage, increases for the increasing demand of timber, and the forest reserves excessively use, and the forest total area falls sharply and the enforcement of wildwood protected project, timber imbalance between supply and demand aggravation.
Cotton stalk is as the residuum in a kind of agricultural production process, and annual output is approximately 2,000 ten thousand tons, and the overwhelming majority is not utilized, and processing mode adopts burning or septic naturally mode mostly, has caused serious environmental to pollute and the wasting of resources.How to handle cotton stalk and become the problem of researching and solving for many years.
Wood plastic composite be a kind of novel be the composite engineering material that main raw material is made with wood fibre and plastics.Has good water-fast and corrosion resistance nature as wood plastic composite; Anti-ly damage by worms, dimensional stability is good, production technique is flexible; Infringement to equipment is little, can also use the waste and old wood of recovery and plastics to make as raw material, and advantage and people's attention extremely such as can be recycled.
But because wood fibre and plastics are two kinds of high molecular polymers of different nature, the consistency of undressed wood fibre and plastics is poor, and plastics combine bad with wood fibre, causes the wood plastic composite quality to be difficult to improve.Only pay attention to the mixing of several materials or utilization again in the present macromolecule composite wood-plastic material production process; And the improvement of basic mechanical character; Consistency and the interface that does not take into full account various materials combines situation, interface binding ability and various material in the diffusion at interface, infiltration etc.; Can not guarantee that wood fibre can fully disperse in high molecule plastic; Wood/to mould interfacial interaction poor; Both avidity is low; Therefore bonding strength is low, causes the mechanical property of wood plastic composite of preparation lower with other use properties.Wood powder addition in the wood plastic composite is low, the mechanical property of material and poor toughness.
At present Wood-Plastics Composite is increased with using gradually; For example: notification number is that the patent of invention of CN1227297C discloses its purposes of a kind of wood plastic composite and method of manufacture thereof; It utilizes wood powder and plastics or waste or used plastics to be main raw material; Be equipped with little auxiliary; With special-purpose grafting agent wood powder and frosting are carried out the graft modification processing; Effectively strengthen the boundary strength between wood powder and plastics; Adopt continuous expressing technique; Utilize the mould of various section forms, extrude and produce various high performance composite.Wherein the wood powder component content surpasses 50%.
Granted publication number discloses a kind of wood plastic composite for the Chinese invention patent of CN1482166; This wood plastic composite is meant by thermoplastic resin; Wood powder; The auxiliary agent compatilizer; Raw materials such as properties-correcting agent are by weight mixing; With this wood plastic composite after the forcing machine granulation again through extruder for shaping or directly extrude and be expressed on the rolling press through a sheet machine head port mould through the forcing machine fusion plastification; Be pressed into plate; The sheet material section bar; Each heat is laminated with a layer dielectric or fabric in the material top and bottom; Or two-sided each again heat be laminated with one deck aluminium foil (band) layer, cut into finished product through cooling off cutting edge.
Notification number is that the application for a patent for invention of CN101302349 discloses a kind of maleic anhydride graft polyolefin wood-plastic composite and preparation method thereof.This wood plastic composite; Comprise following raw material: plant fiber powder, maleic anhydride graft polyolefine and the auxilliary weight that adds plastics are 100 parts; Wherein plant fiber powder is 60～85 parts; Surplus for the maleic anhydride graft polyolefine adds plastics with auxilliary, wherein maleic anhydride graft polyolefine weight accounts for 40～100% (being preferably 70～100%).
Notification number is that the application for a patent for invention of CN101143952 discloses flame-proof smoke-inhibiting wood-plastic composite material, and this material is mainly processed by polystyrene and/or the polyvinyl chloride, wood fibre, expansion type flame retardant, expanding material, the lubricant that have added thermo-stabilizer.
Notification number is that the application for a patent for invention of CN101186754 provides a kind of method of utilizing crop straw to produce macromolecule composite wood-plastic material; The method of utilizing that belongs to a kind of crop straw; Described method is; Crop straw is pulverized and the dry straw powder that gets; Straw powder is carried out dip treating; The dry then modified straw powder that gets; With modified straw powder and plastics is that other main raw material carries out high-speed mixing and cooling mixing gets dry mash; Dry mash is carried out extruding pelletization; With the material extrusioning shaping after the granulation, make macromolecule composite wood-plastic material again.
But; Above-mentioned modified composite material of woods and plastics prepares that all only to adopt compatilizer that wood powder and plastics are directly carried out in the process mixed; Because being the surface, wood powder has the polarity macromolecular compound of a large amount of polar groups; And plastics are a kind of non-polar high polymer polymkeric substance; Both consistencies are poor, the weak strength of the wood plastic composite for preparing.Need higher quantity of plastics ratio if will obtain high-intensity wood plastic composite.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of wood plastic composite and preparation method thereof to the problem that prior art exists; The wood plastic composite of the present invention preparation is being that raw material and plastics are composited through the cotton stalk fiber after the explosion treatment, the mechanical mechanics property of the wood plastic composite of preparation is good, intensity is high, excellent in cushion effect, dimensional stability good, have good processing properties.
For realizing the object of the invention, the present invention provides on the one hand a kind of wood plastic composite is provided, and comprises following raw materials in weight portion:
Wherein, the weight part proportioning of said raw material is selected:
Particularly, through being carried out explosion treatment, the cotton stalk fiber raw material obtains said modified plant fibers.
Wherein, said explosion treatment comprises as follows step in sequence:
1) the cotton stalk fiber material is placed blaster after, in blaster, feed saturated vapor, carry out decatize and handle;
2) baiting valve of blaster is opened, cotton haulm raw material is carried out explosion treatment, obtain the explosion cotton stalk fiber;
3) the explosion cotton stalk fiber is carried out drying treatment, promptly get modified plant fibers.
Particularly, the relative pressure of saturated vapor described in the step 1) is 2-4.2MPa; The relative pressure that said decatize is handled is 1-4MPa, and steaming time is 5-45min; The temperature of the drying treatment described in the step 3) is 100-200 ℃, the water ratio of dried modified plant fibers≤10%.
Especially, the relative pressure of said saturated vapor is preferably 2.5-4MPa; The relative pressure that decatize is handled is 1.5-4.0MPa, is preferably 1.5-3.5MPa; Steaming time is 10-45min, further is preferably 15-30min; The water ratio of said modified plant fibers is 2-10%, further is preferably 5-10%.
Wherein, it is that the feeding relative pressure is the 2-4.2MPa saturated vapor in blaster that decatize described in the step 1) is handled, and the relative pressure in the blaster reaches 1-4MPa, under this pressure, keeps 5-45min.
Particularly, comprise also in the step 1) that it is that the filamentary material Duan Houzai of 20-40mm places in the blaster that said cotton stalk fiber material is cut into length.
Wherein, said plastics are that Vilaterm (PE) plastics are or/and polypropylene (PP) plastics.
Particularly, described vinyon is selected high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE) plastics, new LDPE (film grade) (LDPE) plastics.
Wherein, said compatilizer is selected from one or more in maleic anhydride, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene, chlorinatedpolyethylene, the Chlorinated Polypropylene III.
Particularly, said compatilizer is preferably one or more in maleic anhydride, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, the maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene.
Especially, the percentage of grafting of said maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene is respectively 1-3%.
Particularly, the molecular weight 10000-300000 of said maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, melting index 0.4-0.9g/10min; The molecular weight 10000-300000 of maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene, melting index 0.3-1.2g/10min.
Wherein, said lubricant is selected one or more in polyethylene wax, stearic acid, calcium stearate, barium stearate, the Zinic stearas.
Particularly, the molecular weight of said polyethylene wax is 1400-8000.
Wherein, said antioxidant is one or more in antioxidant 264, antioxidant 1010 or the antioxidant 1076.
Particularly, said antioxidant 264 is 2,6 di tert butyl 4 methyl phenol; Described antioxidant 1010 is four [β (3, the 5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid] pentaerythritol ester; Described antioxidant 1076 is β-positive octadecanol ester of (3, the 5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid.
Wherein, said filler is lime carbonate or talcum powder;
Wherein, said fire retardant is one or more in clorafin, eight bromo ether, Antimony Trioxide: 99.5Min, tricresyl phosphate (2-chloroethyl) ester or the ammonium polyphosphate.
Particularly, the molecular weight of said fire retardant clorafin is 800-1300, and cl content is 40-80%; Nitrogen content is 22-25% in the said fire retardant ammonium polyphosphate, and phosphorus content>=20%, molecular weight are＞10
5
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned wood plastic composite on the other hand, comprising: 1) that said raw materials mix is even, obtain compound; 2) with compound extrusion moulding, compression molding or injection moulding.
Wherein, mixing temperature is 120-200 ℃ in the process of raw materials mix described in the step 1), is preferably 120-170 ℃; Mixing time is 5-20min, is preferably 10-20min; Stir speed (S.S.) is 300-800rpm during mixing, is preferably 700-800rpm; Step 2) Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 120-180 ℃ in the process of extrusion moulding described in, and rotating speed is 50-100rpm.
Further aspect of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned wood plastic composite, comprises as follows step in sequence:
1) said raw materials mix is even, make wood and mould mixture;
2) wood is moulded mixture and joined extruding pelletization in the screw extrusion press, obtain the wood plastic composite pellet;
3) with the extrusion moulding of wood plastic composite pellet, compression molding or injection moulding.
Wherein, adopt stirring that said raw materials mix is even in the step 1), stir speed (S.S.) is 300-800rpm during mixing, is preferably 500-800rpm; Mixing time is 5-20min, is preferably 8-20min; Mixing temperature is 90-180 ℃, is preferably 150-175 ℃; Step 2) adopt twin screw extruder to extrude in, utilize the plane of structure cutting knife to cut off, make said wood plastic composite pellet, wherein the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 100-180 ℃, is preferably 145-175 ℃; Rotating speed is 60-100rpm; The Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 110-180 ℃ in the process of extrusion moulding described in the step 3), is preferably 150-170 ℃; Rotating speed is 50-100rpm.
The wood of the present invention's preparation is moulded complex fiber material and is had following advantage:
1, to adopt the cotton stalk fiber after the high-temperature steam explosion treatment be the wood plastic composite of feedstock production in the present invention; Its mechanical property is high; With timber resources is that the wood working resistance of raw material is similar; Can replace with the timber resources is the wood working product of raw material; Reduced the consumption of timber resources; The protection environment is for the comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes cotton stalk provides a kind of new approaches, for cotton stalk provides a kind of new purposes.
2, the present invention can separate the cotton stalk fiber cell through explosion treatment from middle lamella; Surface attachment one deck xylogen of the cotton stalk vegetable fibre after the explosion treatment; Reduced the polarity of fiber surface; Improved the consistency between vegetable fibre and the plastics; Improved the dispersion effect of fiber in plastics; Solve the compatibility problem of fibrous material and plastics, exempted the complicated procedures of forming of raw material post-processed simultaneously.
3, use the wood plastic composite mechanical property of cotton stalk vegetable fibre preparation of the present invention to significantly improve, the tensile strength of matrix material, bending strength and resistance to impact shock are strong.Bending strength reaches 30.8-46.2MPa; Composite bending modulus reaches 2.8-4.1MPa; Compressive strength reaches 25.8-31.0MPa.
4, the wood plastic composite made of the present invention excellent in cushion effect, dimensional stability good, the water ratio of wood plastic composite, water-intake rate, expansion rate of water absorption are low, water ratio is lower than 3.8%, water-intake rate is lower than 2.8%, expansion rate of water absorption only is 2.2-2.6%.
5, the wood plastic composite of manufacturing of the present invention has the characteristics of timber and plastics concurrently, and profile attractive in appearance is not only arranged, but also have anticorrosion, moistureproof, anti-ly damage by worms, characteristic such as fire prevention.
6, the wood plastic composite of the present invention's preparation has good flame-retardant effect, and the oxygen index of material is 26.3-28.8%, reaches the B2 rank among the GB50222-95 (code for fire prevention design of interior decoration of buildings).
7, the wood plastic composite of the present invention preparation has good wear-resisting and processing characteristics and can be used as material of construction (like floor, garden, mat shelter, dressing cubicle, tables and chairs, door and window etc.) and wrapping material; Product can unlimited recycling, is fabulous novel environment friendly material.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The present invention mainly adopts such scheme to realize that the present invention conceives, but is not limited to above-mentioned several scheme, among the scope that every scheme that uses main design of the present invention all belongs to the present invention to be protected.
Polyethylene wax is moulded industry company limited available from Jiangyin profit of a specified duration among the present invention; Ammonium polyphosphate is available from generation Anhua, Shandong worker company limited.
Embodiment 1
1, get the raw materials ready according to following weight part proportioning:
Wherein, the molecular weight of high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE) is 40000-300000, density 0.93-0.97g/cm
3, (MI g/10min) is 0.3-0.5 to melting index; The molecular weight 10000-300000 of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, percentage of grafting are 1-2%, melting index 0.5-0.6g/10min; The molecular weight of clorafin is 800-1300, and cl content is 40-80%; The nitrogen content of ammonium polyphosphate is 22%-25%, and phosphorus content>=20%, molecular weight are＞10
5
Wherein, modified plant fibers according to as follows in sequence step be prepared from:
A) the agricultural wastes cotton stalk is cut into the cotton stalk material section of long 20-40mm, places blaster (Beijing Forestry University; Model: BL-08), open the blaster admission valve, feeding relative pressure is the saturated vapor of 3.0MPa, makes the relative pressure in the blaster reach 2.0MPa, under this pressure, keeps 15min, cotton stalk is carried out decatize handle;
B) open the baiting valve of blaster, the moment explosion of cotton stalk material is spurted to the normal pressure receiving vessel, produce blasting effect, obtain the explosion cotton stalk fiber;
C) the explosion cotton stalk fiber is placed under 200 ℃, carry out drying treatment in the moisture eliminator, making water ratio is 10% modified plant fibers.
The electron-microscope scanning figure of modified plant fibers as shown in Figure 1.Can find out through the surface of the modified plant fibers (cotton stalk fiber) of explosion treatment by Fig. 1 and to have wrapped up one deck xylogen.
2, above-mentioned all raw materials are joined high temperature mixing machine (the mechanical company limited of the grand base in Zhangjagang City, model: mix stirring and evenly mixing SHR-50A); Reaction makes wood and moulds mixture, and wherein, the stirring velocity during mixing is 750rpm; Mixing time is 8 minutes, and mixing temperature is 150 ℃.
3, wood is moulded mixture and joined in the cocurrent and parallel twin screw extruder, extrude, utilize the plane of structure cutting knife to cut off, obtain the wood plastic composite pellet, wherein, the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 145 ℃, and rotating speed is 60rpm.
4, the wood plastic composite pellet that makes is processed finished product wood-plastic composite panel or section bar with compression molding forming machine.
According to the density of U.S. material with the wood plastic composite of the experiment ASTM D792-00 of association " measuring the standard test methods of plastic density and proportion (relative density) with displacement method " detection present embodiment preparation;
According to composite bending modulus, the bending strength of U.S. material with the wood plastic composite of the experiment ASTM D790-97 of association " the bending strength method of inspection of plastic cement and megohmite " detection present embodiment preparation;
According to the compressive strength of U.S. material with the wood plastic composite of the experiment ASTM D695-02a of association " test method of rigid plastics anti-compression property " detection present embodiment preparation;
According to the water-intake rate of U.S. material with the wood plastic composite of the experiment ASTM D570-98 of association (2005) " test method of plastics water-intake rate " detection present embodiment preparation;
Detect expansion rate of water absorption, the water ratio of the wood plastic composite of present embodiment preparation according to GB GB/T17657-1999 " Test methods of evaluating the properties of woodbased panels and surface decorated woodbased panels ".
The capability and performance index parameter of the wood plastic composite of present embodiment preparation, detected result is seen table 1.
Embodiment 2
1, get the raw materials ready according to following weight part proportioning:
Wherein, the molecular weight of described polypropylene (PP) plastics is 10000-300000, and (MI g/10min) is 0.2-1 to melting index; The molecular weight of maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene is 12000-300000, and percentage of grafting is 1.5-2.5%, melting index 0.3-1.2g/10min.The molecular weight of polyethylene wax is 2500-3000, density 0.92-0.94g/cm
3, viscosity 0.7-1.2Pas (140 ℃); The nitrogen content of ammonium polyphosphate is 22%-25%, and phosphorus content>=20%, molecular weight are＞10
5
Wherein, modified plant fibers according to as follows in sequence step be prepared from:
A) the agricultural wastes cotton stalk is cut into the cotton stalk material section of long 20-40mm; Place blaster; Open the blaster admission valve; Feeding relative pressure is the saturated vapor of 4.0MPa; Make the relative pressure in the blaster reach 2.5MPa; Under this pressure, keep 10min, the cotton stalk material is carried out decatize handle;
B) open the baiting valve of blaster, cotton stalk moment explosion is spurted to the normal pressure receiving vessel, produce blasting effect, obtain the explosion cotton stalk fiber;
C) the explosion cotton stalk fiber is placed under 150 ℃, carry out drying treatment in the moisture eliminator, make water ratio and be 9% modified plant fibers.
2, above-mentioned all raw materials are joined in the high temperature mixing machine mix, stirring and evenly mixing, reaction makes wood and moulds compound, and wherein, the stirring velocity during mixing is 800rpm, and mixing time is 10 minutes, and mixing temperature is 120 ℃.
3, the above-mentioned compound for preparing is directly processed finished product wood-plastic composite panel or section bar with compression molding forming machine.
The capability and performance index parameter of the wood plastic composite of present embodiment preparation, detected result is seen table 1.
Embodiment 3
1, get the raw materials ready according to following weight part proportioning:
Wherein, the molecular weight of high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE) is 40000-300000, density 0.94g/cm
3, (MI g/10min) is 0.3-0.5 to melting index; The molecular weight 10000-300000 of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, percentage of grafting are 1-2%, melting index 0.5-0.6g/10min.
Wherein, modified plant fibers according to as follows in sequence step be prepared from:
A) the agricultural wastes cotton stalk is cut into the cotton stalk material section of long 20-40mm; Open the blaster admission valve after placing blaster, feeding relative pressure is the saturated vapor of 2.5MPa, makes the relative pressure in the blaster reach 1.5MPa; Under this pressure, keep 45min, the cotton stalk material is carried out decatize handle;
B) open the baiting valve of blaster, the moment explosion of cotton stalk material is spurted to the normal pressure receiving vessel, produce blasting effect, obtain the explosion cotton stalk fiber;
C) the explosion cotton stalk fiber is placed under 200 ℃, carry out drying treatment in the moisture eliminator, making water ratio is 5% modified plant fibers.
2, above-mentioned all raw materials are joined in the high temperature mixing machine mix, stirring and evenly mixing, reaction makes wood and moulds compound, and wherein, the stirring velocity during mixing is 700rpm, and mixing time is 20 minutes, and mixing temperature is 170 ℃.
3, the above-mentioned compound for preparing is directly extruded production all size section bar with conical double screw extruder, wherein, the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 150 ℃, and rotating speed is 80-100rpm.
The capability and performance index parameter of the wood plastic composite of present embodiment preparation, detected result is seen table 1.
Embodiment 4
1, get the raw materials ready according to following weight part proportioning:
Wherein, the molecular weight of new LDPE (film grade) (LDPE) is 20000-30000, density 0.91g/cm3, melting index 0.5g/10min; The molecular weight of polyethylene wax is 1400-8000.
Wherein, modified plant fibers according to as follows in sequence step be prepared from:
A) the agricultural wastes cotton stalk is cut into the cotton stalk material section of long 20-40mm; Open the blaster pressure valve after placing blaster, feeding relative pressure is the saturated vapor of 3.0MPa, makes the relative pressure in the blaster reach 2.5MPa; Under this pressure, keep 30min, the cotton stalk material is carried out decatize handle;
B) open the baiting valve of blaster, the moment explosion of cotton stalk material feedstock is spurted to the normal pressure receiving vessel, produce blasting effect, obtain the explosion cotton stalk fiber;
C) explosion cotton stalk vegetable-fibre slurry is placed under 150 ℃, carry out drying treatment in the moisture eliminator, making water ratio is 7% modified plant fibers.
2, above-mentioned all raw materials are joined in the high temperature mixing machine mix, stirring and evenly mixing, reaction makes wood and moulds mixture, and wherein, the stirring velocity during mixing is 500rpm, and mixing time is 10 minutes, and mixing temperature is 150 ℃.
3, wood is moulded mixture and joined in the cocurrent and parallel twin screw extruder, extrude, utilize the plane of structure cutting knife to cut off, obtain the wood plastic composite pellet, wherein, the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 160 ℃, and rotating speed is 60rpm.
4, the wood plastic composite pellet is directly extruded production all size section bar with conical double screw extruder, wherein the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 155 ℃, and rotating speed is 100rpm.
The capability and performance index parameter of the wood plastic composite of present embodiment preparation, detected result is seen table 1.
Embodiment 5
1, get the raw materials ready according to following weight part proportioning:
Wherein, the molecular weight of described polypropylene (PP) plastics is 10000-300000, and (MI g/10min) is 0.2-1 to melting index.
Wherein, modified plant fibers according to as follows in sequence step be prepared from:
A) the agricultural wastes cotton stalk is cut into the cotton stalk material section of long 20-40mm; Open the blaster admission valve after placing blaster, feeding relative pressure is the saturated vapor of 3.5MPa, makes the relative pressure in the blaster reach 3MPa; Under this pressure, keep 20min, the cotton stalk material is carried out decatize handle;
B) open the baiting valve of blaster, the moment explosion of cotton stalk material is spurted to the normal pressure receiving vessel, produce blasting effect, obtain the explosion cotton stalk fiber;
C) the explosion cotton stalk fiber is placed under 180 ℃, carry out drying treatment in the moisture eliminator, making water ratio is 6% modified plant fibers.
2, above-mentioned all raw materials are joined in the high temperature mixing machine mix, stirring and evenly mixing, reaction makes wood and moulds mixture, and wherein, the stirring velocity during mixing is 750rpm, and mixing time is 10 minutes, and mixing temperature is 175 ℃.
3, wood is moulded mixture and joined in the cocurrent and parallel twin screw extruder, extrude, utilize the plane of structure cutting knife to cut off, obtain the wood plastic composite pellet, wherein, the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 170 ℃, and rotating speed is 100rpm.
4, the wood plastic composite pellet is directly extruded production all size section bar with conical double screw extruder, wherein the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 165 ℃, and rotating speed is 50rpm.
The capability and performance index parameter of the wood plastic composite of present embodiment preparation, detected result is seen table 1.
Embodiment 6
1, get the raw materials ready according to following weight part proportioning:
Wherein, the molecular weight of described polypropylene (PP) plastics is 10000-300000, and (MI g/10min) is 0.2-1 to melting index; The molecular weight of maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene is 12000-300000, and percentage of grafting is 1.5-2.5%, melting index 0.3-1.2g/10min; The nitrogen content of ammonium polyphosphate is 22%-25%, and phosphorus content>=20%, molecular weight are＞10
5
Wherein, modified plant fibers according to as follows in sequence step be prepared from:
A) the agricultural wastes cotton stalk is cut into the cotton stalk material section of long 20-40mm; Place the blaster back to open the blaster admission valve, feeding relative pressure is the saturated vapor of 4MPa, makes the relative pressure in the blaster reach 3.5MPa; Under this pressure, keep 10min, the cotton stalk material is carried out decatize handle;
B) open the baiting valve of blaster, the moment explosion of cotton stalk material is spurted to the normal pressure receiving vessel, produce blasting effect, obtain the explosion cotton stalk fiber;
C) the explosion cotton stalk fiber is placed under 200 ℃, carry out drying treatment in the moisture eliminator, making water ratio is 5% modified plant fibers.
2, above-mentioned all raw materials are joined in the high temperature mixing machine mix, stirring and evenly mixing, reaction makes wood and moulds mixture, and wherein, the stirring velocity during mixing is 800rpm, and mixing time is 20 minutes, and mixing temperature is 180 ℃.
3, mixture is joined the cocurrent and parallel twin screw extruder and extrude, utilize the plane of structure cutting knife to cut off, obtain the wood plastic composite pellet, wherein, the screw rod Heating temperature is 175 ℃, and rotating speed is 90rpm.
4, the matrix material pellet is produced the sheet material or the section bar of all size with injection moulding machine.
The capability and performance index parameter of the matrix material of present embodiment preparation, detected result is seen table 1.
The performance index detected result of table 1 wood plastic composite
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 6 | |
| Density (kg/m 3) | 1102 | 1123 | 1105 | 1070 | 1092 | 1116 |
| Composite bending modulus (MPa) | 3.3 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.8 |
| Bending strength (MPa) | 39.0 | 46.2 | 40.2 | 30.8 | 36.7 | 44.8 |
| Compressive strength (MPa) | 25.8 | 31.0 | 28.1 | 24.3 | 26.8 | 30.5 |
| Expansion rate of water absorption (%) | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
| Water-intake rate (%) | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Water ratio (%) | 3.5 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 |
Detected result shows:
1, the wood plastic composite intensity of the present invention's preparation is high, and bending strength reaches 30.8-46.2MPa; Composite bending modulus reaches 2.8-4.1MPa; Compressive strength reaches 25.8-31.0MPa;
2, the dimensional stability of the wood plastic composite of the present invention's preparation is high, and water-intake rate, water ratio and expansion rate of water absorption are low, and the water ratio of matrix material is lower than 3.8%; Water-intake rate is lower than 2.8%; Expansion rate of water absorption only is 2.2-2.6%;
3, the capability and performance index of the wood plastic composite of the present invention's preparation has surpassed the normal wood plastic composite materials, reaches the requirement of LY/T1613-2004 extruding wood-plastic composite panel.
Reference examples 1
Except the agricultural wastes cotton stalk powder being broken into pulverous cotton stalk material powder, prepare outside the wood plastic composite with cotton stalk powder, all the other are identical with embodiment 1, and the capability and performance detected result of the wood plastic composite of preparation is seen table 2.
Reference examples 2
Except the agricultural wastes cotton stalk powder being broken into pulverous cotton stalk material powder, prepare outside the wood plastic composite with cotton stalk powder, all the other are identical with embodiment 2, and the capability and performance detected result of the wood plastic composite of preparation is seen table 2.
Reference examples 3
Except the agricultural wastes cotton stalk powder being broken into pulverous cotton stalk material powder, prepare outside the wood plastic composite with cotton stalk powder, all the other are identical with embodiment 3, and the capability and performance detected result of the wood plastic composite of preparation is seen table 2.
Reference examples 4
Except the agricultural wastes cotton stalk powder being broken into pulverous cotton stalk material powder, prepare outside the wood plastic composite with cotton stalk powder, all the other are identical with embodiment 4, and the capability and performance detected result of the wood plastic composite of preparation is seen table 2.
Reference examples 5
Except the agricultural wastes cotton stalk powder being broken into pulverous cotton stalk material powder, prepare outside the wood plastic composite with cotton stalk powder, all the other are identical with embodiment 5, and the capability and performance detected result of the wood plastic composite of preparation is seen table 2.
Reference examples 6
Except the agricultural wastes cotton stalk powder being broken into pulverous cotton stalk material powder, prepare outside the wood plastic composite with cotton stalk powder, all the other are identical with embodiment 6, and the capability and performance detected result of the wood plastic composite of preparation is seen table 2.
The performance index detected result of table 2 wood plastic composite
| Reference examples 1 | Reference examples 2 | Reference examples 3 | Reference examples 4 | Reference examples 5 | Reference examples 6 | |
| Composite bending modulus (MPa) | 2.8 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 3.2 |
| Bending strength (MPa) | 34.6 | 41.1 | 35.8 | 26.7 | 32.7 | 38.8 |
| Compressive strength (MPa) | 22.8 | 27.1 | 25.4 | 21.8 | 23.1 | 26.8 |
| Expansion rate of water absorption (%) | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.1 |
| Water-intake rate (%) | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.3 |
The detected result of table 1, table 2 shows: the present invention is that the intensity of the wood plastic composite of feedstock production significantly improves with the modified plant fibers that adopts the material preparation of explosion treatment cotton stalk, and bending strength has improved more than 12%; Compressive strength has improved more than 10%.The Test Example fire retardancy test
Detect the burns oxygen index of the wood plastic composite of present embodiment preparation according to GB GB/T8924-2005 " fibre reinforced plastics combustibility test method oxygen index method ".
The wood plastic composite of embodiment 1-6 preparation is processed the test sample that thickness is 3mm, and it is subsequent use that each embodiment processes 6 test samples.
At first: sample vertically is installed on the central position of combustion barrel, the sample top is lower than combustion barrel top 100mm at least, and sample expose portion lowest part is higher than combustion barrel bottom 100mm at least; Then with the speed of (40 ± 2) mm/s, the washing combustion barrel is 30s at least; Light sample then, carry out the operation of following a bar and b bar repeatedly, recording three samples is the above minimum oxygen concn of 3min combustion time, i.e. the oxygen concn value of a bar, but the difference of the oxygen concn of a bar and b bar gained should be less than 0.5%;
Wherein, a) sample then reduces oxygen concn greater than 3m in combustion time;
B) sample then increases oxygen concn less than 3m in combustion time.
Write down the fire retardancy test detected result at last.Fire retardancy test oxygen index detected result is as shown in table 3.
The oxygen index detected result of table 3 wood plastic composite
| Oxygen index (%) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 28.6 |
| Embodiment 2 | 28.8 |
| Embodiment 3 | 26.3 |
| Embodiment 4 | 27.0 |
| Embodiment 5 | 28.5 |
| Embodiment 6 | 28.6 |
Detected result shows: the wood plastic composite of the present invention's preparation has good flame-retardant effect, and the oxygen index of material is 26.3-28.8%, reaches the B2 rank among the GB50222-95 (code for fire prevention design of interior decoration of buildings).
Claims (10)
1. wood plastic composite comprises following raw materials in weight portion:
2. wood plastic composite as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the weight part proportioning of said raw material is:
3. wood plastic composite as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that obtaining said modified plant fibers through the agricultural wastes cotton stalk is carried out explosion treatment.
4. wood plastic composite as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, said explosion treatment comprises as follows step in sequence:
1) the cotton stalk fiber material is placed blaster after, in blaster, feed saturated vapor, carry out decatize and handle;
2) baiting valve of blaster is opened, cotton haulm raw material is carried out explosion treatment, obtain the explosion cotton stalk fiber;
3) the explosion cotton stalk fiber is carried out drying treatment, promptly get said modified plant fibers.
5. wood plastic composite as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the relative pressure that decatize described in the step 1) is handled is 1-4MPa, and the decatize treatment time is 5-45min.
6. wood plastic composite as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the temperature of the drying treatment described in the step 3) is 100-200 ℃, the water ratio of dried modified plant fibers≤10%.
7. wood plastic composite as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, said plastics are selected from vinyon or/and acrylic plastering.
8. wood plastic composite as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that said compatilizer is selected from one or more in maleic anhydride, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene, chlorinatedpolyethylene, the Chlorinated Polypropylene III.
9. method of manufacture of wood plastic composite as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: 1) that said raw materials mix is even, obtain compound; 2) with compound extrusion moulding, compression molding or injection moulding.
10. method of manufacture of wood plastic composite as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: comprise as follows step in sequence:
1) said raw materials mix is even, make wood and mould mixture;
2) wood is moulded mixture and joined extruding pelletization in the screw extrusion press, obtain the wood plastic composite pellet;
3) with the extrusion moulding of wood plastic composite pellet, compression molding or injection moulding.
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