CN102337481B - Molybdenum-containing nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Molybdenum-containing nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses molybdenum-containing nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance and a manufacturing method thereof. The molybdenum-containing nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance contains: by weight, 0.03 to 0.10% of C, 0.2 to 1.0% of Si, 4.0 to 9.0% of Mn, 16.5 to 18.0% of Cr, 1.5 to 3.5% of Ni, 0.15 to 0.35% of N, 0.2 to 0.8% of Mo, 0.01 to 2.5% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.1% of one or more of V, Nb, Ca and B, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities. Through the manufacturing method, Ni content is controlled in a rang of 1.5 to 3.5%, and Mn and N elements are added to replace precious metal Ni to be utilized for austenitizing, so that a microstructure of room-temperature austenite is obtained. The manufacturing method adopts 0.2 to 0.8% of Mo and utilizes a synergistic effect of Cr, Mo and N to improve corrosion resistance. Through the manufacturing method, the pitting-resistance equivalent number of the molybdenum-containing nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance is great than or equal to 18 and the pitting potential is great than or equal to 330mV, wherein the properties of the molybdenum-containing nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance are equivalent to or superior to corresponding properties of 304 austenitic stainless steel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nitrogenous low-nickel austenitic stainless steel and manufacture method thereof, especially a kind of excellent corrosion resistance contain molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel and manufacture method thereof, the PREN of material 〉=18.
Background technology
In most widely used 300 series austenitic stainless steel, usually contain 8%～12% nickel, the cost of nickel element accounts for material cost 80% left and right.Since two thousand five, the important alloying element nickel price in stainless steel continues soaring, causes the material cost that stainless steel is produced to raise, and it is predicted simultaneously, and the shortage of rare precious metal nickel has certain chronicity.This makes reduction stainless steel production cost become the key issue of development of iron and steel enterprises.The nickel of every reduction by 1% in stainless steel, mean and reduce by 10～15% material cost.Therefore developing low-nickel austenitic stainless steel becomes a kind of development trend, low-nickel austenitic stainless steel utilizes austenitic formation and the stable elements such as N and Mn, replace the nickel in 300 series austenitic stainless steel, wherein the nitrogen element has strong austenitizing ability, while rich content, cheap, select the substitute element of N as Ni, developing nitrogenous even high nitrogen stainless steel is the direction of development joint nickel and stainless steel.Its room temperature texture of nitrogenous low-nickel austenitic stainless steel and 300 is the same austenite phase that is, both had the good mechanical property of austenitic stainless steel and corrosion resistance nature, have again characteristics cheaply, the risk that can avoid the fluctuation of nickel valency to bring, so development prospect is wide.The existing indole nickel and stainless steel that contains is substantially take Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, C, N, Cu etc. as main added elements, wherein Cr content is generally 13～18% and does not wait, Ni content general 0.5～5%, guarantee to obtain austenite structure under room temperature by reducing ferrite element Cr, raising austenite former Mn, N and C equal size, be mainly used in replacing 304 austenitic stainless steels.
The modal product of nitrogenous low-nickel austenitic stainless steel is 200 to be, 200 be in most typical product be 201 and 202.Compare with 304 austenitic stainless steels, in the ASTM standard, 201 chromium content are 16～18%, by adding 5.5～7.5% manganese and a certain amount of nitrogen and carbon, replace the austenite former nickel in 304 austenitic stainless steels, with nickel content from being reduced to more than 8% below 5.5%, thereby reduce the cost of material, because the nickel of every reduction by 1% in stainless steel means and reduces by 10～15% material cost.In use,, in order to solve the higher rear intergranular corrosion problem of welding of easily bringing of carbon content, developed again carbon content serial lower than 0.03% 201L and 201LN.
In China, 200 is that to contain the development and application of indole nickel and stainless steel very extensive.Disclose a kind of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel that can save nickel chromium triangle as Chinese invention patent CN1129259, its chemical composition (Wt%) is: C＜0.10; Si＜1.0; Mn 11～15; P＜0.03; S＜0.03; Cr 10～15; Ni 3.6～5; 0＜N≤0.10; All the other are Fe; Compare with existing 18-8 type austenitic stainless steel (304), can save nickel half, have cheap, stable performance, production technique easy, be easy to machine-shaping, yield rate advantages of higher.The characteristics of this patent of invention are to utilize Mn, N to replace part Ni, and 8% in Ni content and 304 is compared remarkable reduction, but in order to guarantee room temperature austenite phase, in composition, Cr content also significantly reduces, so the solidity to corrosion reduction, and solidity to corrosion is lower than existing 304 stainless steels.
Chinese invention patent CN1772942 discloses a kind of nickel-saving RE-containing austenitic stainless steel, its chemical composition (Wt%) is: C≤0.08%, Si 0.3～0.8%, and Mn 5.0～8.5%, S≤0.05%, P≤0.04%, Ni 3.0～5.5%, and Cr 14～19%, and Cu 1.0～4.0%, N≤0.20%, [O]
Always≤ 0.005%, Re 0.05～0.3%, and remaining is Fe.This invention remains by having added Mn and N and replaces austenite former Ni, reaches the effect that reduces costs, and has added simultaneously a certain amount of Cu element, can be used as on the one hand austenite former, replaces part Ni, can improve cold-forming property simultaneously; Another characteristics of this patent of invention are to have added a certain amount of rare earth, utilize the rare earth element cleaning molten steel, improve the performances such as processing and mechanics, this invention steel grade smelting requirements is high, need oxygen level lower than 0.005%, and need to add rare earth element, the existing large product line of producing is difficult to meet working condition.
Chinese invention patent CN101338403 discloses a kind of nickel-saving manganese-nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel, and its C is preferably 0.04～0.06%; Mn is preferably 9.0～10.0%; Cr is preferably 15.5～16.0%; Ni content is compared with CN1772942 with CN1129259 and is further reduced, and is preferably 1.8～2.0%.Invention claims this nickel-saving manganese-nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel to have under normal atmospheric environment can substitute 18-8 type stainless steel, and joint nickel, and with low cost, thermoplasticity is good, the characteristics that are easy to process.In addition, Chinese invention patent CN101545078 discloses a kind of nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of excellent normal temperature mechanical property, contain Cr:15.0～17.0%, Ni:1.50～2.50%, N:0.15～0.30% on composition, under different states, material room temperature yield strength is 400～1370MPa, room temperature tensile strength is 860～1700MPa, and the room temperature unit elongation is 15～65%, can partly substitute AISI304 and be used in the weak erosive environment.Europatent EP593158 has proposed a kind of Cu of containing and has contained the Cr-Ni-Mn austenitic stainless steel of N, wherein contain 16.5-17.5%Cr, 6.4-8.0%Mn, 2.50-5.0%Ni, 2.0-3.0%Cu, be not more than 0.15%C, be not more than 0.2%N, be not more than 1%Si, the cold hardening of this alloy is lower than 201, and solidity to corrosion is near 430.In the material that the foregoing invention patent proposes, Cr content, all lower than 304 austenitic stainless steels, has added the Mn that is unfavorable for erosion resistance of high level simultaneously, therefore causes solidity to corrosion significantly lower than 304 austenitic stainless steels.
In order to improve corrosion resistance nature, Chinese invention patent CN101148740 has added 0～3%Mo in material, control simultaneously Cr content at 16～18%, N content 0.1～0.4%, and Ni content is reduced to 0～2%, but in composition, Mn content is still up to 14～19%; Similarly, Chinese invention patent CN101381852 has added 0.001～0.3%Mo in material, to improve corrosion resistance nature, but in should inventing, Mn content is still up to 12.1～14.8%, in material, N content is up to 0.2～0.45% simultaneously, and the smelting of material and difficulty of processing are all larger.In Europatent EP1690957, Mn content is controlled at 7～8.5%, Cr content reaches 16.5～18%, add simultaneously 0.1～0.5% Mo, material can obtain the solidity to corrosion that approaches with 304 austenites, but in alloy, Ni content is higher, be 3.5～4.5%, it is little that the material cost that makes alloy and 304 austenitic stainless steels are compared difference.
Can find out from above-mentioned patent, utilize N and Mn element can effectively replace the Ni element, control or reduce simultaneously the content of ferrite former Cr, can obtain the austenite structure under room temperature, effectively reduce expensive Ni constituent content, thereby reduce costs, because the nickel of every reduction by 1% in stainless steel means and reduces by 10～15% material cost.But in these patent composition systems, Cr content is general all lower than 18% in 304 austenitic stainless steels, has reduced solidity to corrosion; Added on the other hand the Mn of high level, Mn is negative on corrosion proof impact, also reduces solidity to corrosion.Experimental formula according to anti-pitting attack performance: PREN (equivalent of anti-the spot corrosion)=Cr%+3.3Mo%+30N%-Mn%, the manganese of every interpolation 1%, will make alloy PREN value reduce by 1, be equivalent to offset the raising of 1%Cr to pitting resistance.The reason that Mn affects pitting corrosion resistance is that manganese and sulphur form MnS, or along with manganese amount in steel increases, the chrome content in MnS reduces, and caused MnS is mixed in the dissolving in corrosive medium, usually becomes the starting point of spot corrosion, crevice corrosion.
Summary of the invention
What the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of excellent corrosion resistance contains molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel and manufacture method thereof, and this austenitic stainless steel has good solidity to corrosion, PREN 〉=18; Have simultaneously good over-all properties and lower cost, more than yield strength reaches 300MPa, can be widely used in the fields such as coastal building, goods, replace nickel content up to 304 austenitic stainless steels more than 8%.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
The present invention, by controlling Ni content 1.5～3.5%, adds the austenitizing effect of Mn, N element replacement noble metal Ni, obtains the room temperature austenite structure; Add 0.2～0.8% Mo, utilize the synergy of Mo and N, improve erosion resistance, especially by adjusting the element proportionings such as Cr, Mo, N and Mn, the equivalent of anti-spot corrosion PREN=Cr%+3.3Mo%+30N%-Mn% of assurance material 〉=18, suitable with 304 austenitic stainless steels.
Particularly, a kind of excellent corrosion resistance of the present invention contain molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel and manufacture method thereof, its chemical component weight per-cent is: C 0.03～0.10%, Si 0.2～1.0%, Mn 4.0～9.0%, and Cr 16.5～18.0%, and Ni 1.5～3.5%, N 0.15～0.35%, Mo 0.2～0.8%, and Cu 0.01～2.5%, one or more in V, Nb, Ca, B, total amount≤0.1%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Carbon, carbon are strong austenite formers, can replace Ni to a certain extent, promote austenitic formation, and the stable austenite tissue, can improve stainless intensity simultaneously.But when carbon content was too high, carbon was combined and is formed rich chromium carbide at crystal boundary afterwards with chromium, causes intergranular corrosion.In addition, the rich chromium carbide of formation also reduces the impelling strength of steel.Too low carbon content will increase difficulty and the cost in preparation process.Therefore, in steel of the present invention, the design carbon content is 0.03%～0.10%.
Silicon, silicon are the elements that usually contains in Manufacture Of Iron And Steel By Melting.In duplex stainless steel, silicon is that ferrite forms and stable element.Silicon is used for deoxidation in fusion process, silicon can improve the hot strength of ferritic phase simultaneously, contains the silicon more than 0.2% in therefore general stainless steel.Will reduce the solubleness of nitrogen when but silicone content is too high, and accelerate separating out of intermetallic phase.Therefore, in steel of the present invention, the design silicone content is 0.2%～1.0%.
Manganese, manganese are a kind of austenitic formation and stable element, can utilize manganese to replace to a certain extent nickel, obtain austenite structure, and the interpolation of manganese simultaneously can significantly improve the solubleness of nitrogen.But manganese is all negative on the impact of stainless erosion resistance basically.The experimental formula of estimating the anti-pitting attack performance of nitrogen-contained stainless steel is: PREN (equivalent of anti-the spot corrosion)=%Cr+3.3%Mo+30%N-%Mn, by this formula as seen, the manganese of every interpolation 1%, to make alloy PREN value reduce by 1, be equivalent to offset interpolation 0.3%Mo or the 1%Cr raising to pitting resistance.The reason that Mn affects pitting corrosion resistance is that manganese and sulphur form MnS, or along with manganese amount in steel increases, chrome content in MnS reduces, caused MnS is mixed in the dissolving in corrosive medium, usually become the starting point of spot corrosion, crevice corrosion, so in steel of the present invention, priority control Mn content is 4.0%～9.0%.
Chromium, chromium are the most important elements that steel obtains corrosion resistance nature.The minimum chromium content that usually obtains erosion resistance is 12%.Be the element that significantly strengthens corrosion resistance nature due to Cr, for guaranteeing good solidity to corrosion, in steel of the present invention, Cr content is controlled at more than 16.5%.But Cr is main ferrite former, and too high Cr will need corresponding high Ni equivalent to coordinate with it, to guarantee to obtain the room temperature austenite structure.Therefore, in steel of the present invention, chromium content is controlled at 16.5%～18.0%.
Nickel, nickel are strong austenitic formation and stable elements, are main austenizers in 300 series austenitic stainless steel.Nickel is the critical material that guarantees low-temperature flexibility simultaneously.But nickel is expensive, the cost of nickel accounts for more than 80% of material cost in 300 series austenitic stainless steel, the nickel of every reduction by 1% in stainless steel, mean and reduce by 10～15% material cost, therefore in steel of the present invention, nickel content is controlled at 1.5%～3.5%,, to guarantee that material has lower cost, guarantee that simultaneously steel has excellent impelling strength under the austenite structure of room temperature and low temperature.
Nitrogen, nitrogen are a kind of strong austenite formers.Nitrogen is to form in nitrogenous low-nickel austenitic stainless steel and the key factor of stable austenite phase.Simultaneously be conducive to improve intensity and corrosion resistance nature, the especially nitrogen of steel and the synergy of molybdenum can significantly improve anti-pitting attack performance and slit and corrosion resistant performance adding of nitrogen.When but nitrogen content is too high, will increase the risk that forms mutually between nitrogen containing metal, the raising that improves simultaneously melting and hot worked difficulty, especially nitrogen content will cause serious hot-rolling edge cracking rate, cause being difficult to producing existing producing on line.Therefore, nitrogen in steel content of the present invention is controlled at 0.15%～0.35%.
Molybdenum, molybdenum are very beneficial for improving the corrosion resistance nature of steel.Molybdenum can significantly promote the enrichment of chromium in passive film, thereby strengthens the stability of passivation film on stainless steel surface, significantly strengthens the anti-corrosion effect of chromium in steel, thereby greatly improves the solidity to corrosion of all kinds of stainless rustless properties and anti-various media.Molybdenum can also improve the passivation ability again of steel in stainless steel simultaneously, and the ability of its anti-spot corrosion and crevice corrosion is about 3 times of chromium, and molybdenum is also favourable as the stress corrosion of origin to preventing take spot corrosion, improves stainless anticorrosion stress-resistant and crevice corrosion ability.Molybdenum can also act synergistically with nitrogen, further improves pitting resistance, and the Main Function that therefore adds molybdenum is to improve erosion resistance.The molybdenum too high levels will increase cost of alloy, so the molybdenum content in steel of the present invention is controlled at 0.2～0.8%.
Copper, copper are a kind of austenite formers, and adding of copper can improve stainless plasticity and the erosion resistance in reductive acid, is conducive to simultaneously improve the slit and corrosion resistant performance.But be unfavorable for hot workability during the copper too high levels.Therefore in steel of the present invention copper content control 0.01～2.5%.
Vanadium, niobium, calcium, boron, as optional element, Main Function is thinning microstructure, improves the molten steel purity, improves hot workability, its content all is controlled at below 0.1%.
In Composition Design of the present invention:
(1) Ni, N, C, Mn, Cu etc. are austenite formers, and Cr, Mo, Si etc. are ferrite formers, must guarantee enough austenite formers, to guarantee material, at room temperature have austenite structure.
Usually, adopt chromium equivalent and nickel equivalent to carry out reference, Creq=%Cr+%Mo+1.5%Si, Nieq=%Ni+20%N+30%C+0.33%Cu+0.1%Mn-0.01%Mn
2.By calculating Creq and Nieq, the output control phase ratio that coordinates Creq/Nieq, Creq/Nieq ratio is controlled in 1.7～2.1 scope, Creq/Nieq ratio 1.92 near 304 steel, guarantee to obtain austenite structure under room temperature, guarantee the advantages such as material has nonmagnetic, the unit elongation high and low temperature good toughness of austenite structure and plasticity is good.
(2) on the impact of cost.Ni and Mo are the key factors that increases cost, therefore the present invention should control Mo content as far as possible lower than 0.8%, Ni content 1.5%～3.5%, in material in Ni content 304 8% is compared remarkable reduction, and the Ni of every reduction by 1%, can make material cost reduce by 10～15%, so material cost is significantly lower than 304 austenitic stainless steels.
(3) on the impact of mechanics and hot workability.N is one of key factor of acquisition and stable austenite tissue, and N, Mn can reduce costs after replacing Ni simultaneously, but the N too high levels causes smelting and difficulty of processing strengthens, and affects simultaneously the performances such as moulding.
(4) on the impact of erosion resistance.As previously mentioned, adopt PREN (equivalent of anti-the spot corrosion)=%Cr+3.3%Mo+30%N-%Mn to characterize pitting resistance, can find out, Cr, Mo, N improve solidity to corrosion, and Mn reduces solidity to corrosion.At first guarantee Cr content greater than 16.5%, control Mn content lower than 9%, then add a certain amount of Mo and N.Wherein molybdenum can significantly promote the enrichment of chromium in passive film, thereby strengthens the stability of passivation film on stainless steel surface, significantly strengthens the anti-corrosion effect of chromium in steel, thereby greatly improves the solidity to corrosion of all kinds of stainless rustless properties and anti-various media.Molybdenum can also improve the passivation ability again of steel in stainless steel simultaneously, and the ability of its anti-spot corrosion and crevice corrosion is about 3 times of chromium, and molybdenum is also favourable as the stress corrosion of origin to preventing take spot corrosion, improves stainless anticorrosion stress-resistant and crevice corrosion ability.Also have important interaction between Cr, Mo and N three, nitrogen promotes the enrichment of Cr in Passive Film, improves the passivation ability of steel, and N and Mo can also improve the stability of passive film; Nitrogen can improve the pH value of microcell.Therefore add a certain amount of Mo, and comprehensively adjust the content of N, Ni, Mn, guarantee the PREN of material 〉=18, and the above pitting potential of acquisition 330mV, reaching the erosion resistance suitable with 304 austenitic stainless steels, is key of the present invention, is also the key that the present invention is different from existing low-nickel austenitic stainless steel invention, existing low-nickel austenitic stainless steel is to reduce costs as main, and solidity to corrosion is lower than austenitic stainless steel 304.It is selected that the present invention carries out Composition Design and manufacture method around above-mentioned four principles just.
The manufacture method that contains the molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of excellent corrosion resistance of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1) its chemical component weight per-cent is: C 0.03～0.10%, Si 0.2～1.0%, Mn4.0～9.0%, Cr 16.5～18.0%, and Ni 1.5～3.5%, N 0.15～0.35%, Mo0.2～0.8%, Cu 0.01～2.5%, one or more in V, Nb, Ca, B, total amount≤0.1%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity; Press mentioned component and smelt, die casting or continuous casting form strand;
2) strand is put into process furnace be heated to 1100～1250 ℃ and the insulation after, be machined to desired thickness on forging line or hot rolling unit;
3) anneal or pickling+annealing, annealing temperature is controlled at 1030～1100 ℃.
Further, controlling superheating temperature during die casting is 30～60 ℃, and the pore of avoiding the effusion of nitrogen to cause by controlling superheating temperature, because pore will cause hot workability, mechanics and corrosion resistance nature to worsen.
Controlling superheating temperature during continuous casting is 30～80 ℃, and the slab pulling rate is 0.6～2m/min.
In addition, electric furnace+argon oxygen decarburization AOD, or the outer concise LF stove smelting of electric furnace+argon oxygen decarburization AOD+ stove, raw material manganese adds at AOD, avoids electric furnace to add fashionable a large amount of scaling loss.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
Existing nitrogenous low-nickel austenitic stainless steel product and patent do not contain Mo substantially, adopt to reduce simultaneously Ni and Cr content in material, and to reduce costs, but solidity to corrosion (PREN value) is lower than traditional 304.
Chinese invention patent CN1129259 discloses a kind of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel that can save nickel chromium triangle, this patent of invention utilizes Mn, N to replace part Ni, in Ni content and 304 8% is compared remarkable reduction, but in order to guarantee room temperature austenite phase, in composition, Cr content also significantly is reduced to 10～15%, and this will cause solidity to corrosion far below 304.
In Chinese invention patent CN101338403, Mn is preferably 9.0～10.0%; Cr is preferably 15.5～16.0%; Ni content is preferably 1.8～2.0%, and solidity to corrosion is equally lower than 304.
Chinese invention patent CN101545078 discloses a kind of nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of excellent normal temperature mechanical property, contain Cr:15.0～17.0%, Ni:1.50～2.50%, N:0.15～0.30% on composition, can only partly substitute 304 and be used in the weak erosive environment.
Europatent EP593158 has proposed a kind of Cu of containing and has contained the Cr-Ni-Mn austenitic stainless steel of N, wherein contain 16.5-17.5%Cr, 6.4-8.0%Mn, 2.50-5.0%Ni, 2.0-3.0%Cu, be not more than 0.15%C, be not more than 0.2%N, be not more than 1%Si, but its solidity to corrosion is near ferritic stainless steel 430, lower than austenitic stainless steel 304.
In order to improve corrosion resistance nature, Chinese invention patent CN101148740 has added 0～3%Mo in material, control simultaneously Cr content 16～18%, N content 0.1～0.4%, and Ni content is reduced to 0～2%, but in composition, Mn content is still up to 14～19%, and too high Mn reduces corrosion resistance nature equally, and too high Mo content increases cost; Chinese invention patent CN101381852 has added 0.001～0.3%Mo in material, to improve corrosion resistance nature, but in should inventing, Mn content is still up to 12.1～14.8%, and in material, N content is up to 0.2～0.45% simultaneously, and the smelting of material and difficulty of processing are all larger.In Europatent EP1690957, Mn content is controlled at 7～8.5%, Cr content reaches 16.5～18%, add simultaneously 0.1～0.5% Mo, material can obtain the solidity to corrosion that approaches with 304 austenites, but in alloy, Ni content is 3.5～4.5%, and the comprehensive cost of material is compared with 304 and reduced seldom.
The present invention controls to 4.0～9.0% with Mn content, N content is controlled at 0.15～0.35%, simultaneously Ni content is controlled at 1.5～3.5%, Cr content is controlled at 16.5～18%, Mo content is controlled at 0.2～0.8%, the equivalent of anti-spot corrosion PREN value of alloy 〉=18, and corrosion resistance nature is suitable with 304 austenitic stainless steels, simultaneously alloy has good mechanical property and low cost, can replace ni content up to 8% 304 austenitic stainless steels.
The present invention contains the molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel and can utilize existing stainless steel to produce the line batch production, concrete preparation method is casting after electric furnace-AOD stove smelting or electric furnace-AOD-LF stove smelting, smelting process Raw manganese will add at AOD, avoid electric furnace to add fashionable a large amount of scaling loss, controlling superheating temperature when die casting is 30～60 ℃, avoid nitrogen to overflow with gas, cause slab to scrap, or adopt cooling rate continuous cast method faster, avoid the effusion of nitrogen, controlling superheating temperature during continuous casting is 30～80 ℃, and the slab pulling rate is 0.6～2m/min.
The present invention contains the molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel, and to have good mechanical property and corrosion resisting property: yield strength Rp be 300MPa～440MPa, unit elongation δ is 50%～70%, yield strength is significantly higher than the 260MPa of 304 austenitic stainless steels, PREN (anti-spot corrosion equivalent value)=Cr%+3.3%Mo+30N%-Mn% is about 18.0～22.7, with 304 austenitic stainless steels quite or higher than 304 austenitic stainless steels.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the microstructure of the alloy figure of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
The Production Flow Chart that the embodiment of the present invention is smelted take electric furnace-AOD is as example: add electric furnace to melt ferrochrome, ferronickel and steel scrap etc., pour molten steel into the AOD stove after melting clearly, take off C in the AOD stove, take off S and increase N, control the blowing of N, when the smelting composition reaches requirement, pour molten steel into tundish, and cast on vertical-bending caster.The superheating temperature of continuous casting is 30～80 ℃, and the slab pulling rate is 0.6～2m/min.Continuous casting steel billet is put into roller hearth type heating furnace be heated to 1100～1250 ℃, batch after being rolled down to desired thickness on the hot continuous rolling unit.Then carry out continuous pickling annealing, obtain this and contain molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel plate.
Table 1 is depicted as the chemical composition of embodiment of the present invention steel grade, table 1 provided simultaneously as a comparison case the low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of having developed at present and the chemical composition of 304 austenitic stainless steels.
The microstructure of the alloy figure of embodiment 1 is (room temperature is austenite structure) as shown in Figure 1, and sample is through electrolytic corrosion, and etching reagent is saturated oxalic acid solution, corrosion current 0.2～0.4A/cm
2.Table 2 has provided mechanical property and the corrosive nature of steel of the present invention and contrast steel grade.Mechanical property is all taken from the hot-roll annealing plate, adopts the processing of JIS 13B standard and detects.The equivalent of anti-the pitting attack calculates according to general formula PREN=Cr%+3.3Mo%+30N%-Mn%.
The composition unit of table 1 embodiment and Comparative Examples: weight percent
The performance of table 2 embodiment and Comparative Examples
Annotate: Comparative Examples 1,2,3,4 is respectively CN101148740, CN101381852, CN101509104,304 austenitic stainless steels.
By as seen from Table 1, steel of the present invention, owing to controlling Ni content 1.5～3.5%, utilizes Mn, N to replace the austenitizing effect of noble metal Ni, obtains the room temperature austenite structure; Add 0.2～0.8% Mo, utilize the synergy of Mo and N, improve erosion resistance, especially by adjusting the element proportionings such as Cr, Mo, N and Mn, the equivalent of anti-spot corrosion PREN=Cr%+3.3Mo%+30N%-Mn% of assurance material 〉=18, suitable with 304 austenitic stainless steels, thus prepare a kind of excellent corrosion resistance contain the molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel, have simultaneously good over-all properties and lower cost.Only have 2.5% such as implementing Ni content in 1, compare Ni has reduced more than 5.5% with 304, can reduce costs approximately 60%, but material still has the austenite structure under room temperature, keep good plasticity and intensity to reach 360MPa, than 304 high 100MPa left and right, PREN value and pitting potential reach respectively 21.6 and 350mV simultaneously, suitable with 304 austenitic stainless steels, illustrate that material of the present invention can keep good mechanics and corrosion resistance nature when reducing material cost.
Compare with existing low-nickel austenitic stainless steel in Comparative Examples, the PREN value of steel of the present invention is higher, such as Comparative Examples in table 11, Comparative Examples 2 and the typical PREN value of Comparative Examples 3 between 7.8～10.1, and PREN value of the present invention 〉=18, as everyone knows, the PREN value is larger, illustrates that its corrosion resistance nature is more excellent, therefore the corrosion resistance nature of material of the present invention significantly is better than existing low-nickel austenitic stainless steel in Comparative Examples, can be widely used in the field that solidity to corrosion is had relatively high expectations.
By it can also be seen that in table 1, compare with object 304 austenitic stainless steels (containing 8% nickel) that steel plan of the present invention replaces, the PREN of steel of the present invention and pitting potential surpass 304 austenitic stainless steels (PREN value 17.1, pitting potential 330mV), illustrate that it has the solidity to corrosion suitable with 304 at least.
The material mechanical performance of steel of the present invention is excellent, and yield strength reaches 300MPa, higher than the 260MPa of 304 steel; Because the present invention replaces part Ni in steel with N, and Mo content is also lower, therefore material cost, significantly lower than 304 steel, can replace nickel content up to 304 austenitic stainless steels more than 8%, is widely used in the fields such as the demanding coastal building of erosion resistance and goods.
Claims (4)
1. an excellent corrosion resistance contains the molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel, its chemical component weight per-cent is: C0.03～0.10%, Si0.2～1.0%, Mn4.0～9.0%, Cr16.5～18.0%, Ni1.5～3.5%, N0.15～0.35%, Mo0.2～0.8%, Cu0.01～2.5%, more than one total amounts in V, Nb, Ca, B greater than 0 and≤0.1%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity; The equivalent of anti-spot corrosion PREN value that contains the molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of described excellent corrosion resistance 〉=18, pitting potential 〉=330mV, yield strength 〉=300MPa.
2. the manufacture method that contains the molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of excellent corrosion resistance as claimed in claim 1 comprises the following steps:
1) its chemical component weight per-cent is: C0.03～0.10%, Si0.2～1.0%, Mn4.0～9.0%, Cr16.5～18.0%, Ni1.5～3.5%, N0.15～0.35%, Mo0.2～0.8%, Cu0.01～2.5%, more than one in V, Nb, Ca, B, total amount greater than 0 and≤0.1%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity; Press mentioned component and smelt, die casting or continuous casting form strand; Smelt and adopt electric furnace+argon oxygen decarburization AOD, or electric furnace+argon oxygen decarburization AOD+ external refining LF stove smelting, raw material manganese adds in AOD, avoid electric furnace to add fashionable a large amount of scaling loss;
2) strand is put into process furnace be heated to 1100～1250 ℃ and the insulation after, be machined to desired thickness on forging line or hot rolling unit;
3) anneal or anneal+pickling, annealing temperature is controlled at 1030～1100 ℃;
The equivalent of anti-spot corrosion PREN value that contains the molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of the excellent corrosion resistance that obtains 〉=18, pitting potential 〉=330mV, yield strength 〉=300MPa.
3. the manufacture method that contains the molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of excellent corrosion resistance as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, controlling superheating temperature during die casting is 30～60 ℃.
4. the manufacture method that contains the molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of excellent corrosion resistance as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, controlling superheating temperature during continuous casting is 30～80 ℃, and the slab pulling rate is 0.6～2m/min.
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