CN102336687A - Method for catalytically synthesizing carbamic acid hydroxyalkyl ester - Google Patents
Method for catalytically synthesizing carbamic acid hydroxyalkyl ester Download PDFInfo
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- CN102336687A CN102336687A CN201010234184XA CN201010234184A CN102336687A CN 102336687 A CN102336687 A CN 102336687A CN 201010234184X A CN201010234184X A CN 201010234184XA CN 201010234184 A CN201010234184 A CN 201010234184A CN 102336687 A CN102336687 A CN 102336687A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for catalytically synthesizing carbamic acid hydroxyalkyl ester. In the method, an epoxy compound, CO2 and organic amine are reacted in the presence of a catalyst to form corresponding carbamic acid hydroxyalkyl ester by one step, and the selectivity of the product is over 95 percent. The method has the advantages that: reaction conditions are mild, the operating process is simple, the reaction selectivity is high, raw materials are easy to recycle, the catalyst is easy to recover and has high reusability, the product has high purity, and the method belongs to a clean process and has practical application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of method of catalysis synthesizing amino formic acid hydroxy alkyl ester, specifically, the present invention is under the effect of catalyzer, makes epoxy compounds, CO
2React with organic amine, a step generates the method for corresponding hydroxyalkyl carbamate.
Background technology
Hydroxyalkyl carbamate is an important intermediate of fine chemicals; It was widely used in synthesizing of materials such as agricultural chemicals, dyestuff, leather, ink, plant protection product, reactive thinner, radiation-curable composition, paint, varnish, tackiness agent and printing ink; It also can be used as one of synthesis of polyurethane coating potential starting material (US6646153, US4902754, US4902755 in addition; US4902756, US4902757).Industrial production hydroxyalkyl carbamate mainly adopts isocyanates and binary or polyalcohol to prepare, its shortcoming be prone to the residual isocyanates that certain toxicity arranged in the product, yield poorly and the purifying cost high.The synthetic of isocyanic ester is through phosgenation in the industry, and this operational path is long, technical sophistication, and cost of equipment is high, the more important thing is that phosgene toxicity is big, and a large amount of by-product HCl, and environmental pollution is serious.Along with the reinforcement day by day of environmental requirement and the demand of the amino formic acid hydroxy alkyl ester of high purity, green synthesizing amino formic acid hydroxy alkyl ester has become the crucial problem of chemical field.
Except that isocyanic ester+binary or polyvalent alcohol synthetic route, two synthetic routes have mainly also been developed, i.e. carbonic acid diene ester+amino alcohol, cyclic carbonate+amine at present.Huybrechts etc.; USP 6646153 uses organotin or zinc salt and additional a certain amount of alkali etc. as under catalyzer and alcohol or the condition of ketone as solvent; Utilize divinyl carbonate, carbonic acid two propylene esters, carbonic acid dibutene ester etc. and some amidos alcohol (for example hexylamine base ethanol, benzyl monoethanolamine, cyclohexylamino ethanol etc.) synthetic corresponding hydroxyalkyl carbamate of reaction, the main shortcoming of this process is that the cost of carbonic acid diene ester is higher relatively, catalyst toxicity big and is difficult to reclaim.Werner Blank etc.; USP4820830 uses organotin or zinc salt etc. as under the catalyzer condition; Utilize cyclic carbonate and some typical diamines (isophorone diamine, 2,2 for example, 4-trimethylammonium-hexamethylene-diamine, 2-ethyl-1; 4-tetramethylene-diamine etc.) the synthetic corresponding hydroxyalkyl carbamate of reaction, the shortcoming of this process are similarly that the cyclic carbonate cost is higher relatively, catalyst toxicity big and difficult reclaim etc.
Consider greenhouse gases CO
2Aboundresources, safety and reason such as cheap are directly utilized CO
2The carbonyl source prepares hydroxyalkyl carbamate and had both saved cost, has simplified operating process again, gets more and more people's extensive concerning.Kojima etc. utilize organic secondary amine, CO
2With epoxy compounds under organoaluminum composition catalyst condition, a series of hydroxyalkyl carbamate of one-step synthesis (F.Kojima, et al., J.Am.Chem.Soc.1986,108,391-395).The shortcoming of this process is transformation frequency lower (being about 8mol/mol/h), target product selectivity lower (about 50-60%), is difficult to separate and reuse, limited its further industrial application.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of catalysis synthesizing amino formic acid hydroxy alkyl ester.
We replace homogeneous catalyst by working load type solid catalyst, utilize epoxy compounds activation CO
2And and the corresponding carbamate of organic amine one-step synthesis.
A kind of method of catalysis synthesizing amino formic acid hydroxy alkyl ester is characterized in that adopting a kind of supported solid catalyzer, with epoxy compounds, CO
2With organic amine as reactant, do not adding under any solvent condition, the control reaction pressure is 0.5-4MPa, temperature of reaction is 50~160 ℃, a step atomic economy reaction synthesizing amino formic acid hydroxy alkyl ester; Active ingredient in the said supported solid catalyzer is a gold, and carrier is Fe
2O
3Or Fe
3O
4, gold is 1~10% to the quality loading of carrier.
In the catalyzer of the present invention, gold is 2~7% to the quality loading of carrier preferably.
We adopt the coprecipitation method preparation catalyzer.The concrete HAuCl that uses
34H
2O and Fe (NO
3)
39H
2O is as the precursor of preparation red stone load gold catalyst, with Fe (NO
3)
39H
2O and HAuCl
34H
2O is soluble in water, drips Na then
2CO
3In the aqueous solution.Continue at ambient temperature to wear out after 1~2 hour, filtering precipitate uses this throw out of distilled water wash.Drying obtains brown solid, 280-320 ℃ of following roasting, obtains brown Au/Fe
2O
3Catalyzer.With Au/Fe
2O
3Catalyzer continues 380-420 ℃ of reduction under hydrogen atmosphere, obtains black Au/Fe
3O
4Catalyzer.
R wherein
1Represent H, Cl, Br ,-CH
3,-C
2H
5,-CH (CH
3)
2, n-C
3H
7, n-C
4H
9,-C (CH
3)
3,-CH
2CH (CH
3)
2Or-C
6H
5, R
2Represent H, Cl, Br ,-CH
3,-C
2H
5,-CH (CH
3)
2, n-C
3H
7, n-C
4H
9,-C (CH
3)
3,-CH
2CH (CH
3)
2Or-C
6H
5
The structural formula of the organic amine of one of reactant of the present invention is R
3-NH
2Or H
2N-R
3-NH
2, wherein
R
3Represent alkyl, carbonatoms is 1~10; Perhaps R
3Representation ring alkyl, structure does
Perhaps R
3Represent aromatic base, structure does
The building-up reactions of carbamate according to the invention for catalyst consumption, does not have special qualification, and the mass ratio of organic amine and catalyzer is preferably 1: 10~and 1: 100; The mol ratio of organic amine and epoxy compounds is preferably 1: 2~and 1: 10.
The building-up reactions of carbamate according to the invention, the preferred reaction times is 4~20 hours.
The present invention is a catalyzer with ferriferous oxide load gold, directly utilizes CO
2Gentle with reaction conditions; It is good that catalyzer is prone to preparation, preservation, recovery and reusability; Product is easily separated and transformation frequency is high (240mol/mol/h), because highly selective (more than 99%) does not have other by products basically, be synthesizing amino formic acid hydroxy alkyl ester perfect method, so it has better industrial application prospects.
Breadboard separation, purge process are following: after reaction finishes, emit CO after the cooling
2, open reaction kettle, centrifugal recovery catalyzer can directly be reused; The filtrating achromaticity and clarification carries out air distillation to filtrating, and epoxy compounds reclaims, and can reuse.
The quantitative analysis of described purpose product carbamate can utilize Agilent 6820GC to accomplish, and this Agilent 6820GC has the kapillary (fid detector) of 30m * 0.25mm * 0.33 μ m.Or utilize Agilent 1120HPLC to accomplish, this Agilent 1120HPLC have for the DDA detector be acetonitrile with its moving phase: THF=55%: 45%, chromatographic column are Waters XTerra RP C18 (250 * 4.6mm, 5 μ m).Carbamate utilizes external standard method quantitative.The qualitative analysis of the product of said reaction and other possible sub product; Can utilize HP 6890/5973 GC-MS to accomplish, this HP 6890/5973 GC-MS has the capillary column of 30m * 0.25mm * 0.33 μ m and has the chem workstation of NIST spectra database.Or utilize
1H NMR (Bruker AMX FT 400-MHz) and
13It is qualitative that C NMR (Bruker AMX FT 100-MHz) carries out nuclear-magnetism to it.
Compare with reported method, the advantage of hydroxyalkyl carbamate compound method of the present invention is:
1. reaction conditions is gentle, reaction process is simple to operation;
2. the reaction raw materials easy recovery is utilized;
3. reaction preference is high, and by product is few, and non-corrosiveness gas produces.
4. catalyzer all is easy to separate with product.Catalyzer can be repeatedly used.
5. reaction utilizes cheap CO
2Environmental friendliness meets the Green Chemistry definition, satisfies the demand of new chemical industry.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Au/Fe
2O
3Preparation of catalysts
Use HAuCl
34H
2O and Fe (NO
3)
39H
2O is as the precursor of preparation red stone load gold catalyst, and this Preparation of catalysts method is co-precipitation.Under violent stirring, with 20.2g Fe (NO
3)
39H
2O and 0.364g HAuCl
34H
2O is dissolved in the 50mL aqueous solution, drips 300mL (0.47mol/L) Na then
2CO
3In the aqueous solution.Continue at ambient temperature to wear out after 1~2 hour, filtering precipitate uses this throw out of 80~100mL distilled water wash about three times.Drying is 16 hours under 120 ℃, obtains brown solid, further 300 ℃ of following roastings 5 hours, obtains the brown Au/Fe of 4g
2O
3Catalyzer, i.e. catalyst A.
Embodiment 2
Au/Fe
3O
4Preparation of catalysts
With catalyzer 1 its in reduction under 400 ℃ of hydrogen atmospheres after 1 hour, the black Au/Fe that obtains
3O
4Catalyzer wherein comprises the Au of 5.05wt%, i.e. catalyst B.。
Embodiment 3
In the 100mL autoclave, add 9.3g (0.1mol) aniline, the 0.2g catalyst A, (17.4g 0.3mol), charges into CO to propylene oxide 20mL
2Pressure is 1.5MPa.Being 100 ℃ in temperature is under the 500rpm condition with mixing speed, and reaction finishes behind the 8h, emits CO after being cooled to room temperature
2, open reaction kettle, centrifugal recovery catalyst A can directly be reused; The filtrating achromaticity and clarification is got filtrating and is carried out gas chromatographic analysis.Under 25 ℃ of conditions, filtrating is carried out air distillation, propylene oxide reclaims, and can reuse.The stratographic analysis result is transformation efficiency>99% of aniline, and selectivity is greater than 99%, carbaniloyl Virahol ester separation yield>95%.By product is a N-Virahol aniline, and the chromatogram yield is less than 1%.
Embodiment 4
In the 100mL autoclave, add 9.3g (0.1mol) aniline, the 0.2g catalyst B, (17.4g 0.3mol), charges into CO to propylene oxide 20mL
2Pressure is 1.5MPa.Being 100 ℃ in temperature is under the 500rpm condition with mixing speed, and reaction finishes behind the 8h, emits CO after being cooled to room temperature
2, open reaction kettle, centrifugal recovery catalyst B can directly be reused; The filtrating achromaticity and clarification is got filtrating and is carried out gas chromatographic analysis.Under 25 ℃ of conditions, filtrating is carried out air distillation, propylene oxide reclaims, and can reuse.The stratographic analysis result is transformation efficiency>99% of aniline, and selectivity is greater than 99%, carbaniloyl Virahol ester separation yield>95%.By product is a N-Virahol aniline, and the chromatogram yield is less than 1%.
Embodiment 5
In the 100mL autoclave, add 11.6g (0.1mol) 1, the 6-hexanediamine, the 0.2g catalyst A, (17.4g 0.3mol), charges into CO to propylene oxide 20mL
2Pressure is 2.0MPa.Being 110 ℃ in temperature is under the 600rpm condition with mixing speed, and reaction finishes behind the 12h, emits CO after being cooled to room temperature
2, open reaction kettle, centrifugal recovery catalyst A can directly be reused, and filtrating is carried out stratographic analysis.Under 25 ℃ of conditions, filtrating is carried out air distillation, propylene oxide reclaims, and can reuse.The stratographic analysis result is 1, the transformation efficiency 96% of 6-hexanediamine, selectivity>98%, 1, the own diamino acid Virahol of 6-ester separation yield>92%.By product is the own diamino acid Virahol of a 1-N-Virahol ester, and the chromatogram yield is less than 2%.
Embodiment 6
In the 100mL autoclave, add 11.6g (0.1mol) 1, the 6-hexanediamine, the 0.2g catalyst B, (17.4g 0.3mol), charges into CO to propylene oxide 20mL
2Pressure is 2.0MPa.Being 110 ℃ in temperature is under the 600rpm condition with mixing speed, and reaction finishes behind the 12h, emits CO after being cooled to room temperature
2, opening reaction kettle, filtering recovering catalyst B can directly reuse, and filtrating is carried out stratographic analysis.Under 25 ℃ of conditions, filtrating is carried out air distillation, propylene oxide reclaims, and can reuse.The stratographic analysis result is 1, the transformation efficiency 96% of 6-hexanediamine, selectivity>99%, 1, the own diamino acid Virahol of 6-ester separation yield>95%.By product is the own diamino acid Virahol of a 1-N-Virahol ester, and the chromatogram yield is less than 1%.
Embodiment 7
In the 100mL autoclave, add 19.8g (0.1mol) 4,4 '-ditan diamines, 0.3 catalyst A, (17.2g 0.4mol), charges into CO to oxyethane 20mL
2Pressure is 2.0MPa.Temperature be 100 with mixing speed be under the 600rpm condition, reaction finishes behind the 12h, emits CO after being cooled to room temperature
2, opening reaction kettle, filtering recovering catalyst A can directly reuse, and filtrating is carried out stratographic analysis.Under 10 ℃ of conditions, filtrating is carried out air distillation, oxyethane reclaims, and can reuse.The stratographic analysis result is 4, the transformation efficiency 96% of 4 '-ditan diamines, selectivity>99%, 4,4 '-ditan diamino acid ethanol ester separation yield>94%.By product is a 4-N-ethanol ditan diamino acid Virahol ester, and the chromatogram yield is less than 1%.
Embodiment 8
In the 100mL autoclave, add 19.8g (0.1mol) 4,4 '-ditan diamines, 0.3 catalyst B, (17.2g 0.4mol), charges into CO to oxyethane 20mL
2Pressure is 2.0MPa.Temperature be 110 with mixing speed be under the 600rpm condition, reaction finishes behind the 12h, emits CO after being cooled to room temperature
2, opening reaction kettle, filtering recovering catalyst B can directly reuse, and filtrating is carried out stratographic analysis.Under 10 ℃ of conditions, filtrating is carried out air distillation, oxyethane reclaims, and can reuse.The stratographic analysis result is 4, the transformation efficiency 96% of 4 '-ditan diamines, selectivity>98%, 4,4 '-ditan diamino acid ethanol ester separation yield>92%.By product is a 4-N-ethanol ditan diamino acid Virahol ester, and the chromatogram yield is less than 2%.
Embodiment 9
In the 100mL autoclave, add 12.2g (0.1mol) 2, the 4-tolylene diamine, the 0.2g catalyst A, (28g 0.3mol), charges into CO to epoxy chloropropane 24mL
2Pressure is 2.0MPa.Being 100 ℃ in temperature is under the 500rpm condition with mixing speed, and reaction finishes behind the 12h, emits CO after being cooled to room temperature
2, opening reaction kettle, filtering recovering catalyst A can directly reuse, and filtrating is carried out stratographic analysis.Under 80 ℃ of conditions, filtrating is carried out underpressure distillation, reclaim epoxy chloropropane, can reuse.The stratographic analysis result is 2, the transformation efficiency 95% of 4-tolylene diamine, selectivity 98%, 2,4-toluene diamino acid chloro isopropanol ester separation yield 90%.By product is a 1-N-chloro isopropanol toluene diamino acid chloro isopropanol ester, chromatogram yield 2%.
Embodiment 10
In the 100mL autoclave, add 12.2g (0.1mol) 2, the 4-tolylene diamine, the 0.2g catalyst B, (28g 0.3mol), charges into CO to epoxy chloropropane 24mL
2Pressure is 2.0MPa.Being 110 ℃ in temperature is under the 500rpm condition with mixing speed, and reaction finishes behind the 12h, emits CO after being cooled to room temperature
2, opening reaction kettle, filtering recovering catalyst B can directly reuse, and filtrating is carried out stratographic analysis.Under 80 ℃ of conditions, filtrating is carried out underpressure distillation, reclaim epoxy chloropropane, can reuse.The stratographic analysis result is 2, the transformation efficiency 95% of 4-tolylene diamine, selectivity 96%, 2,4-toluene diamino acid chloro isopropanol ester separation yield 88%.By product is a 1-N-chloro isopropanol toluene diamino acid chloro isopropanol ester, chromatogram yield 4%.
Embodiment 11
In the 100mL autoclave, add 17g (0.1mol) isophorone diamine, the 0.3g catalyst A, (28g 0.3mol), charges into CO to epoxy chloropropane 24mL
2Pressure is 3.5MPa.Being 100 ℃ in temperature is under the 500rpm condition with mixing speed, and reaction finishes behind the 12h, emits CO after being cooled to room temperature
2, opening reaction kettle, filtering recovering catalyst A can directly reuse, and filtrating is carried out stratographic analysis.Under 80 ℃ of conditions, filtrating is carried out underpressure distillation, epoxy chloropropane reclaims, and can reuse.The stratographic analysis result is the transformation efficiency 95% of isophorone diamine, selectivity>97%, isophorone diamino acid chloro isopropanol ester separation yield>91%.By product is the own diamino acid chloro isopropanol of a 1-N-chloro isopropanol ester, and the chromatogram yield is less than 3%.
Embodiment 12
In the 100mL autoclave, add 17g (0.1mol) isophorone diamine, the 0.3g catalyst B, (28g 0.3mol), charges into CO to epoxy chloropropane 24mL
2Pressure is 2.0MPa.Being 110 ℃ in temperature is under the 500rpm condition with mixing speed, and reaction finishes behind the 12h, emits CO after being cooled to room temperature
2, opening reaction kettle, filtering recovering catalyst B can directly reuse, and filtrating is carried out stratographic analysis.Under 80 ℃ of conditions, filtrating is carried out underpressure distillation, epoxy chloropropane reclaims, and can reuse.The stratographic analysis result is the transformation efficiency 95% of isophorone diamine, selectivity 96%, isophorone diamino acid chloro isopropanol ester separation yield 89%.By product is the own diamino acid chloro isopropanol of a 1-N-chloro isopropanol ester, chromatogram yield 4%.
Though the present invention as above explains preferred embodiment, be not that therefore the protection domain of invention should be as the criterion with the claim scope of applying for a patent in order to qualification the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the method for a catalysis synthesizing amino formic acid hydroxy alkyl ester is characterized in that adopting a kind of supported solid catalyzer, with epoxy compounds, CO
2With organic amine as reactant, do not adding under any solvent condition, the control reaction pressure is 0.5-4MPa, temperature of reaction is 50~160 ℃, a step atomic economy reaction synthesizing amino formic acid hydroxy alkyl ester; Active ingredient in the said supported solid catalyzer is a gold, and carrier is Fe
2O
3Or Fe
3O
4, gold is 1~10% to the quality loading of carrier.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that golden quality loading to carrier is 2~7% in the catalyzer.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that its structural formula of epoxy compounds is:
R wherein
1Represent H, Cl, Br ,-CH
3,-C
2H
5,-CH (CH
3)
2, n-C
3H
7, n-C
4H
9,-C (CH
3)
3,-CH
2CH (CH
3)
2Or-C
6H
5, R
2Represent H, Cl, Br ,-CH
3,-C
2H
5,-CH (CH
3)
2, n-C
3H
7, n-C
4H
9,-C (CH
3)
3,-CH
2CH (CH
3)
2Or-C
6H
5
5. the method for claim 1, the mass ratio that it is characterized in that organic amine and catalyzer is 1: 10~1: 100.
6. the method for claim 1, the mol ratio that it is characterized in that organic amine and epoxy compounds is 1: 2~1: 10.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the reaction times is 4~20 hours.
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CN105732939A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-07-06 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Waterborne polyurethane, preparing method and waterborne polyurethane adhesive |
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CN1789258A (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2006-06-21 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Addition reaction method for preparing cyclic carbonate from epoxide and carbon dioxide |
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CN101759600A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2010-06-30 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Method for synthesizing alkyl carbamate by NH3, CO2 and micromolecular fatty alcohol |
-
2010
- 2010-07-22 CN CN201010234184XA patent/CN102336687B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
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US20050113594A1 (en) * | 2002-02-07 | 2005-05-26 | Jurgen Van Holen | Process using a cyclic carbonate reactant |
CN1789258A (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2006-06-21 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Addition reaction method for preparing cyclic carbonate from epoxide and carbon dioxide |
CN101265253A (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2008-09-17 | 湖南大学 | Multi-phase catalysis synthesis method for cyclic carbonates |
CN101759600A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2010-06-30 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Method for synthesizing alkyl carbamate by NH3, CO2 and micromolecular fatty alcohol |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
FUMITOSHI KOJIMA ET AL.: "Fixation and Activation of Carbon Dioxide on Aluminum Porphyrin. Catalytic Formation of Carbamic Ester from Carbon Dioxide, Amine, and Epoxide", 《J. AM. CHEM. SOC》 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105732939A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-07-06 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Waterborne polyurethane, preparing method and waterborne polyurethane adhesive |
CN105732939B (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | A kind of aqueous polyurethane, preparation method and water-based polyurethane adhesive |
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