CN102335792B - 碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法 - Google Patents

碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法 Download PDF

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CN102335792B
CN102335792B CN201010233868.8A CN201010233868A CN102335792B CN 102335792 B CN102335792 B CN 102335792B CN 201010233868 A CN201010233868 A CN 201010233868A CN 102335792 B CN102335792 B CN 102335792B
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zirconia ceramics
carbon steel
titanium
carbon
steel
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CN102335792A (zh
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张新倍
陈文荣
蒋焕梧
陈正士
胡文峰
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Shenzhen Yibi Precision Technology Co ltd
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Shenzhen Yibi Jewelry Co ltd
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Priority to US13/097,211 priority patent/US20120021245A1/en
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/023Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
    • C04B37/026Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/02Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
    • B23K20/021Isostatic pressure welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K20/227Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/16Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/122Metallic interlayers based on refractory metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/123Metallic interlayers based on iron group metals, e.g. steel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12583Component contains compound of adjacent metal
    • Y10T428/1259Oxide

Abstract

本发明提供一种碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法,该方法主要采用放电等离子体烧结设备对碳钢、氧化锆陶瓷及钛箔活性中间层施加脉冲电流而进行放电等离子体连接,放电等离子体连接的工艺参数为:轴向压力为10~50MPa,升温速率为50~600℃/min,连接温度为800~1100℃,保温时间为10~50分钟,炉腔内的真空度为6~10Pa。本发明还提供一种上述连接方法制得的碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接件。

Description

碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金属与陶瓷的连接方法,尤其涉及一种碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法。
背景技术
碳钢被广泛应用于制造工程结构(比如船舶、发动机、高压容器等)和机械零件(如齿轮、轴等)。然而碳钢存在耐磨性较差、硬度较低、抗热冲击性及高温耐蚀性较低等缺点,已经很难满足现代生产技术对材料综合性能的进一步需求。而氧化锆陶瓷具有硬度高、高温抗腐蚀、耐磨损、抗热冲击等优点。碳钢和氧化锆连接在一起制备成复合结构,对于碳钢在高温环境中应用具有非常重要的意义。
由于这两种材料的物理、化学性能差异较大,使得两者之间的连接非常困难,目前主要采用熔焊、钎焊、固相扩散连接及瞬间液相连接来实现陶瓷与金属的连接。但这些方法存在许多不足:难于制得高结合强度的接头;对金属件表面的清洁度及设备真空度要求很高;固相扩散连接及瞬间液相连接温度要求较高,保温时间长,导致两者间的连接耗时、耗能;熔焊容易产生裂纹;钎焊虽然连接温度较低,但由于钎料的熔点普遍较低,因此钎焊难于制得能在高温下使用的接头。
发明内容
有鉴于此,有必要提供一种加工时间短、可获得较高结合强度的碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法。
一种碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法,包括以下步骤:
提供一待连接的碳钢、一氧化锆陶瓷及一钛箔;
对该钛箔、碳钢及氧化锆陶瓷的待连接表面进行打磨、清洗并吹干;
提供一石墨模具,该模具包括上压头、下压头及中模;
将该钛箔、碳钢及氧化锆陶瓷放入石墨模具中,使钛箔夹放在碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷之间,并且用所述上、下压头压紧;
将该石墨模具放入一放电等离子体烧结设备的炉膛中,开启直流脉冲电源,以对碳钢及氧化锆陶瓷施加脉冲电流而进行放电等离子体连接,设置工艺参数为:轴向压力为10~50MPa,升温速率为50~600℃/min,连接温度为800~1100℃,保温时间为10~50分钟,炉膛内的真空度为6~10Pa;
待冷却后取出碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接件,该碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接件包括一碳钢件、一氧化锆陶瓷件及连接该碳钢件与该氧化锆陶瓷件的连接部,该连接部包括一第一过渡层、一钛金属层及一第二过渡层,该第一过渡层位于该碳钢件与该钛金属层之间,该第二过渡层位于该氧化锆陶瓷件与该钛金属层之间,该第一过渡层由钛与铁的固熔体及钛铁金属间化合物组成,该第二过渡层主要由钛氧化合物、钛锆化合物组成。
相较于现有技术,上述碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法采用一放电等离子体烧结设备(或者称脉冲电流加热设备)对碳钢件与氧化锆陶瓷件施加脉冲电流及压力来实现碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接,保温时间短,能耗低,对设备真空度要求较低。由该方法制得的碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接件具有较大的剪切强度。
附图说明
图1为本发明较佳实施例使用一放电等离子体烧结设备进行碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷连接的示意图。
图2为本发明较佳实施例的碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接件的剖面示意图。
主要元件符号说明
放电等离子体烧结设备10
轴向压力***11
电极12
炉膛13
直流脉冲电源14
控制***15
碳钢件20
氧化锆陶瓷件30
活性中间层40
石墨模具50
上压头51
下压头52
中模53
碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接件100
连接部60
第一过渡层61
钛金属层62
第二过渡层63
具体实施方式
请参阅图1,本发明较佳实施例的碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法主要通过采用一放电等离子体烧结设备10来完成,该方法主要包括如下步骤:
(1)提供一待连接的碳钢件20、一氧化锆陶瓷件30及一活性中间层40。该活性中间层40为钛箔,其厚度大约为0.1~0.5mm,较佳厚度为0.2~0.3mm。
(2)对活性中间层40及碳钢件20和氧化锆陶瓷件30的待连接表面进行打磨和清洗,并吹干。本实施例中可以使用400~800目的金相砂纸对活性中间层40、碳钢件20及氧化锆陶瓷件30打磨;然后用稀盐酸或稀硫酸溶液进行清洗;酸清洗后用水冲洗并吹干。以下将活性中间层40、碳钢件20及氧化锆陶瓷件30统称为工件。
(3)提供一石墨模具50,该石墨模具50包括上压头51、下压头52及中模53,该中模53具有一模腔(图未示),用于容置待连接工件。
(4)将工件放入石墨模具50中,使活性中间层40夹放在碳钢件20与氧化锆陶瓷件30之间,并且用上压头51和下压头52压紧。
(5)提供一放电等离子体烧结设备10,比如可采用日本住友石炭公司生产的SPS3.20MK-IV型放电等离子烧结设备。该放电等离子体烧结设备10主要包括:轴向压力***11,用于对烧结工件提供轴向压力;正、负电极12;炉膛13;直流脉冲电源14,用于对烧结工件提供脉冲电流,使工件升温;温度测量单元(图未示)及控制***15等。该直流脉冲电源脉宽比为12:2,最大电流可达5000A。
(6)将石墨模具50放入该放电等离子体烧结设备10的炉膛13中,并且用上压头51和下压头52分别与放电等离子体烧结设备10的正、负电极12对准连接,炉膛13抽真空至真空度为6~10Pa,开启直流脉冲电源14,设置如下工艺参数对工件进行放电等离子体连接:轴向压力为10~50MPa,升温速率为50~600℃/min;当温度为800~1100℃时,保持该温度范围约10~50分钟时长,该温度即为连接温度,此时对应施加的脉冲电流强度大约为2500~4500A。其中所施加的轴向压力可根据氧化锆陶瓷件30的大小、厚度进行具体调整。所述升温速率较佳为50~300℃/min,连接温度较佳为850~1050℃,保温时间较佳为10~30分钟,脉冲电流强度较佳为600~4000A。
(7)待冷却后取出碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接件。
上述碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法通过采用一放电等离子体烧结设备10(或者称脉冲电流加热设备),对碳钢件20与氧化锆陶瓷件30施加脉冲电流,以在碳钢件20与氧化锆陶瓷件30的接触缝隙之间放电产生高热等离子体,等离子体清洁并活化工件的表面,提高工件表面的原子扩散能力。
在受脉冲电流作用下,碳钢件20、氧化锆陶瓷件30及活性中间层40钛箔产生自发热及局部放电热,钛箔的活化温度低于碳钢件20和氧化锆陶瓷件30的软化温度,钛箔首先活化释放出Ti原子,Ti原子迅速扩散到碳钢件20和氧化锆陶瓷件30表面,并与碳钢件20和氧化锆陶瓷件30发生一物理、化学反应,比如Ti原子的夺氧能力较强,会从氧化锆陶瓷件30中夺取氧,形成钛氧化合物,同时会与锆形成钛锆化合物,还会与氧化锆陶瓷件30反应形成固熔体等,由此在碳钢/氧化锆陶瓷界面形成新的物相结构,该新的物相结构有利于促进氧化锆陶瓷/碳钢界面的扩散结合,加之在轴向压力作用下,工件间接触面积不断增大,最终达到紧密接触而连接在一起。
上述碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法保温时间短,能耗低,对炉膛真空度要求较低。
图2所示为由上述连接方法制得的碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接件100,包括该碳钢件20、该氧化锆陶瓷件30及连接该碳钢件20与该氧化锆陶瓷件30的连接部60。该连接部60包括一第一过渡层61、一钛金属层62及一第二过渡层63。该第一过渡层61位于该碳钢件20与该钛金属层62之间,该第一过渡层61主要由钛与铁的固熔体及钛铁金属间化合物组成。该第二过渡层63位于该氧化锆陶瓷件30与该钛金属层62之间,该第二过渡层63主要由钛氧化合物、钛锆化合物及极少量的钛锆固熔体组成。该第一过渡层61及第二过渡层63的厚度大约均为5~30μm,较佳地为10~20μm。
该碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接件100的连接部60平整均匀,无裂缝,无孔隙。经检测,该碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接件100的碳钢/氧化锆陶瓷界面的剪切强度可达80~150MPa。

Claims (2)

1.一种碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法,包括以下步骤:
提供一待连接的碳钢、一氧化锆陶瓷及一钛箔;
对该钛箔、碳钢及氧化锆陶瓷的待连接表面进行打磨、清洗并吹干;
提供一石墨模具,该模具包括上压头、下压头及中模;
将该钛箔、碳钢及氧化锆陶瓷放入石墨模具中,使钛箔夹放在碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷之间,并且用所述上、下压头压紧;
将该石墨模具放入一放电等离子体烧结设备的炉膛中,开启直流脉冲电源,以对碳钢及氧化锆陶瓷施加脉冲电流而进行放电等离子体连接,设置工艺参数为:轴向压力为10~50MPa,升温速率为50~600℃/min,连接温度为800~1100℃,保温时间为10~50分钟,炉膛内的真空度为6~10Pa;
待冷却后取出碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接件,该碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接件包括一碳钢件、一氧化锆陶瓷件及连接该碳钢件与该氧化锆陶瓷件的连接部,该连接部包括一第一过渡层、一钛金属层及一第二过渡层,该第一过渡层位于该碳钢件与该钛金属层之间,该第二过渡层位于该氧化锆陶瓷件与该钛金属层之间,该第一过渡层由钛与铁的固熔体及钛铁金属间化合物组成,该第二过渡层主要由钛氧化合物、钛锆化合物组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法,其特征在于:所述连接温度为800~1100℃时,对应施加的脉冲电流强度为500~4500A。
CN201010233868.8A 2010-07-22 2010-07-22 碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法 Active CN102335792B (zh)

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CN201610012904.5A CN105712731A (zh) 2010-07-22 2010-07-22 碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法
CN201010233868.8A CN102335792B (zh) 2010-07-22 2010-07-22 碳钢与氧化锆陶瓷的连接方法
US13/097,211 US20120021245A1 (en) 2010-07-22 2011-04-29 Process for joining carbon steel part and zirconia ceramic part and composite articles made by same
JP2011160991A JP2012025654A (ja) 2010-07-22 2011-07-22 カーボンスチールとジルコニアセラミックスとの接合方法及びこの方法で得た接合部品

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CN104014922B (zh) * 2014-06-24 2016-08-24 长安大学 一种硬质合金与钢的快速扩散焊接方法
CN106181000A (zh) * 2016-07-27 2016-12-07 武汉理工大学 一种钨合金与钼合金的连接方法
CN106825885B (zh) * 2017-02-24 2019-03-08 合肥工业大学 一种电场辅助下的TZM合金与WRe合金的连接方法
CN107096987A (zh) * 2017-03-22 2017-08-29 华南理工大学 一种基于脉冲电流处理的金属棒材快速扩散焊接方法
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CN107486619A (zh) * 2017-08-30 2017-12-19 合肥工业大学 一种TZM与WRe异种难熔合金的SPS扩散焊接方法
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CN112062591B (zh) * 2020-09-21 2021-08-03 吉林大学 一种ZrO2陶瓷与金属的低温快速烧结方法、连接件和装置
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