CN102334509A - 一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂 - Google Patents
一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102334509A CN102334509A CN2011103391022A CN201110339102A CN102334509A CN 102334509 A CN102334509 A CN 102334509A CN 2011103391022 A CN2011103391022 A CN 2011103391022A CN 201110339102 A CN201110339102 A CN 201110339102A CN 102334509 A CN102334509 A CN 102334509A
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Abstract
本发明涉及农药制剂领域，公开了一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂。本发明涉及一种有效成分为毒死蜱和嘧菌酯混合悬浮种衣剂及其制备方法，所述的悬浮种衣剂包含如下成分及含量：毒死蜱2.0％～30％，嘧菌酯1.0％～20％，润湿分散剂1.0％～8.0％，成膜剂1.0％～10.0％，着色剂1.0％～10.0％，增粘剂0.1％～2.0％，防冻剂1.0％～5.0％，防腐剂0.1％～1.0％，消泡剂0.1％～1.0％，余量为蒸馏水。本发明所述悬浮种衣剂毒性低、药效好、持效长、工效高、经济安全，可以降低环境污染，提高农药利用率，降低了农药使用量。且使用方便，处理种子时，既可以机械拌种，也可人工操作，可满足不同用户的需要。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药制剂领域，具体的说是涉及一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂。
背景技术
在现代农业生产中，种子药剂处理是防治地下害虫及农作物土传、种传病害经济简便的方法之一。
种子包衣技术是在传统的浸种或拌种技术基础上发展起来的一种应用很普遍的种子处理新技术。将干燥或湿润状态的种子，用含有粘结剂的农药或肥料等组合物所包，使在种子外形成具有一定功能和包覆强度的保护层，这一过程称为种子包衣，包在种子外边的组合物质称之为种衣剂，是一种用于作物或其它植物种子处理的、具有成膜特性的农药制剂。种衣剂最大优点是能在种子外面形成一层比较牢固的薄膜。种衣剂在土壤中吸水膨胀而不被溶解，允许种子正常发芽所需的水分和空气通过，所含的农药和种肥等物质缓慢释放。所以，种衣剂具有杀灭地下害虫、苗期害虫，防治苗期病害和***性病害，提高种子发芽率、促进种苗健康生长，减少种子用量等功效，最终达到防病治虫、保苗壮苗、提高产量的目的。
目前国内推广使用的种衣剂品种繁多，但大都存在一些问题，如立克秀、适乐时、拌种双等功能单一，只有防病作用，且使用技术复杂，对作物不安全；能有效防治地下害虫的产品如甲拌磷、甲基硫磷等毒性较大。因此急需开发一种毒性较低，对地下害虫防治效果好，并且能防治多种病害的产品。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明目的是提供一种毒性较低，能有效防治地下害虫，并能同时防治多种病害的悬浮种衣剂。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂，由毒死蜱、嘧菌酯、润湿分散剂、成膜剂、着色剂、增粘剂、防腐剂、消泡剂和蒸馏水组成，其中，各成分占种衣剂的重量百分比如下：
优选的，所述悬浮种衣剂各成分占种衣剂的重量百分比如下：
毒死蜱是一种高效、广谱有机磷类杀虫剂，具有触杀、胃毒、熏蒸作用。其主要通过与动物体内的胆碱酯酶结合，生成磷酰化胆碱酯酶，从而抑制了胆碱酯酶分解乙酰胆碱的作用，导致神经传导中断，产生中毒现象，对水稻、小麦、棉花、果树、蔬菜、茶树上多种咀嚼式和刺吸式口器害虫均具有较好防效。因其在土壤中残留时间较长，所以对地下害虫蛴螬、蝼蛄、金针虫、小地老虎、跳甲幼虫等有特效。另外，对菜青虫、小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、大豆食心虫、蚜虫、粘虫、稻纵卷叶螟、蓟马、飞虱、叶蝉等害虫也有一定的效果。毒死蜱无内吸作用，保障农产品、消费者的安全，适用于无公害优质农产品的生产。
嘧菌酯属于甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂，高效、广谱，对几乎所有的真菌界(子囊菌亚门、担子菌亚门、鞭毛菌亚门和半知菌亚门)病害如白粉病、锈病、颖枯病、网斑病、霜霉病、稻瘟病等均有良好的活性。可用于茎叶喷雾、种子处理，也可进行土壤处理，主要用于谷物、水稻、花生、葡萄、马铃薯、果树、蔬菜、咖啡、草坪等。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂以毒死蜱和嘧菌酯复配作为有效成分，二者优势互补，可以扩大药剂的防病谱，广泛用于小麦、玉米、大豆、花生、水稻、马铃薯、蔬菜等作物的种子处理，既能防治病害又能防治虫害，同时提高药效，降低农药的使用量。更优选的，所述嘧菌酯占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为1～5％。
为了促进活性组分粒子间润湿分散防止其相互凝聚，本发明所述悬浮种衣剂还包括润湿分散剂。按照本发明所述润湿分散剂可以为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸、烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、脂肪酸聚乙二醇、十二烷基苯磺酸盐、聚氧乙烯基酚甲醛缩合物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段共聚物、萘或烷基萘甲醛缩合物磺酸盐、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐、木质素及其衍生物磺酸盐，脂肪酸乙烷加成物磷酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐或烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐中的一种或几种。优选的，所述润湿分散剂占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为5～7％。
为了保证有限的农药成分集中作用于种子和根部，不易脱落和飞散，减少了农药在环境中的扩散以及对非靶标的接触，所述悬浮种衣剂还需要包括成膜剂。所述成膜剂既要保证所成衣膜透气、透水性好，种子正常萌发生长，又要保证所成衣膜难溶于水，衣膜内活性成分能缓慢释放，持效时间长。按照本发明所述成膜剂优选为***胶、动物胶、果胶、黄原胶、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺或聚丙烯酸钠中的一种或几种。优选的，所述成膜剂错误！链接无效。占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为3～7％。
着色剂又称警色剂，可以提高悬浮种衣剂的使用安全，其中，所述着色剂为碱性玫瑰精、水性玫红、酸性大红、Fluorescein red 5B、Red-8110、Red-131或FGR-131中的一种或几种。优选的，所述着色剂占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为1.5～2％。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂还包括增粘剂，以提高分散介质的粘度，降低粒子的沉降速度，从而提高制剂的稳定性。优选的，所述增粘剂为黄原胶、***胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、丙烯酸钠、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、硅酸镁铝或膨润土中的一种或几种。优选的，所述增粘剂错误！链接无效。占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为0.2～1％。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂还包括消泡剂和防腐剂，所述消泡剂为机硅酮类、C8-10的脂肪醇、C10-20的饱和脂肪酸及其酯类中的一种或几种；所述防腐剂为苯甲酸、苯甲醛、苯甲酸钠、苯甲酸钾、山梨酸、水杨酸钠、2-羟基联苯、对羟基苯甲醛或1，2-苯并噻唑啉-3-酮中的一种或几种。优选的，所述消泡剂占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为0.3～0.5％，所述防腐剂占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为0.3～0.5％。
为了提高种衣剂的低温储存的稳定性，本发明所述悬浮种衣剂还可以添加防冻剂，所述防冻剂占种衣剂的重量百分比为1.0％～5.0％。优选的，所述防冻剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、己二醇、尿素、硫酸铵、氯化钠或氯化钙中的一种或几种。优选的，所述防冻剂占悬浮种衣剂的重量百分比为2～4％。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂的制备方法为：将毒死蜱和嘧菌酯经过气流粉碎，润湿分散剂、成膜剂、着色剂、增粘剂、防冻剂、防腐剂、消泡剂与水完全溶解后，按比例投入砂磨机研磨2次，直至悬浮液的颗粒细度达到D50为2～3μm，D90＜8μm，即得。
本发明所制备的悬浮种衣剂为乳白色可流动的悬浮液，低温、热贮稳定性合格，热贮分解率小于5％，悬浮率大于90％，湿筛试验大于98％，通过45μm标准筛，颗粒细度D50为2～3μm。
本发明所述悬浮种衣剂以毒死蜱和嘧菌酯复配作为有效成分，具有成膜性好、包衣均匀、悬浮率高、安全低毒等优点，可广泛用于小麦、玉米、大豆、花生、水稻、马铃薯、蔬菜等作物的种子处理，防治上述所述作物的蝼蛄、蛴螬、金针虫、地老虎、小地老虎等地下害虫，以及上述各种作物白粉病、颖枯病、网斑病、霜霉病、稻瘟病等病害。与毒死蜱和嘧菌酯单剂比较，杀虫防病效果明显提高。同时还可以提高种子的发芽率，与不包衣比较，发芽率可提高6～9％。本发明所述悬浮种衣剂使用方便，处理种子时，既可以机械拌种，也可人工操作，可满足不同用户的需要。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例公开了一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂。本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容，适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是，所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的产品已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述，相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的产品进行改动或适当变更与组合，来实现和应用本发明技术。
为了进一步理解本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。按照本发明根据防治对象发生情况确定适宜的用量，通常施药量是种衣剂与种子的重量比为1∶50～100。
实施例1：6％嘧菌酯·毒死蜱悬浮种衣剂(均为质量分数)
十二烷基苯环酸钠、木质素磺酸钠、PICO-NW1用蒸馏水完全溶解，然后依次加入经气流粉碎的毒死蜱、嘧菌酯有效成分，以及其他的助剂，进入砂磨机研磨2次，直至悬浮液的颗粒细度达到D50为2～3μm，D90＜8μm即得到产品。
实施例2：15％嘧菌酯·毒死蜱悬浮种衣剂
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3：20％嘧菌酯·毒死蜱悬浮种衣剂
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4：30％嘧菌酯·毒死蜱悬浮种衣剂
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例5：防效试验
试验于河南周口一农户农田内进行，毒死蜱和嘧菌酯复配，试验处理及施用量见表1，如处理6为毒死蜱和嘧菌酯混配使用，供试种衣剂为毒死蜱和嘧菌酯复配的种衣剂，施用量为每100kg种子中含有毒死蜱原药100g、嘧菌酯原药20g。统计各处理防效，结果见表2。
表1试验处理及施药量
| 处理 | 供试药剂 | 施用量(原药/100kg种子) |
| 1 | 毒死蜱 | 120g |
| 2 | 嘧菌酯 | 25g |
| 3 | 毒死蜱+嘧菌酯 | 80g+20g |
| 4 | 毒死蜱+嘧菌酯 | 95g+15g |
| 5 | 毒死蜱+嘧菌酯 | 95g+20g |
| 6 | 毒死蜱+嘧菌酯 | 100g+20g |
| 7 | 毒死蜱+嘧菌酯 | 110g+20g |
| 8 | 毒死蜱+嘧菌酯 | 110g+25g |
| 9 | 毒死蜱+嘧菌酯 | 120g+10g |
| 10 | 清水 |
表2防治效果
| 处理 | 金针虫 | 蝼蛄 | 棉花立枯病 | 棉花猝倒病 |
| 1 | 72.5 | 73.2 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 72.6 | 73.5 |
| 3 | 74.2 | 75.1 | 77.3 | 78.8 |
| 4 | 76.5 | 77.5 | 75.2 | 76.1 |
| 5 | 80.2 | 81.1 | 78.5 | 79.2 |
| 6 | 84 | 85.3 | 83.2 | 84.1 |
| 7 | 87.9 | 88.5 | 87.2 | 87.8 |
| 8 | 88.5 | 88.9 | 87.6 | 88.1 |
| 9 | 89.2 | 90 | 73.2 | 75.6 |
| 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
由表2可知，本发明所述种衣剂中各有效成分在小于各单剂用量的前提下，防治范围或者药效高于各单剂。同时，从处理1和2的试验结果可知，这种增效结果不是由于所加入的另一活性成分直接作用于病害得到的，而是由于两种活性成分复配后互相作用，增强了彼此防治病害的效果。
实施例6：技术指标测定
取实施例1～4所制备的各悬浮种衣剂，检测其各项指标，结果见表3。
表3各悬浮种衣剂各项指标的检测结果
由表3结果可见，本发明所述悬浮种衣剂4个浓度各项指标均符合悬浮种衣剂的要求，产品性能稳定，受低温影响较小，且悬浮率高。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种杀虫防病悬浮种衣剂，其特征在于，由毒死蜱、嘧菌酯、润湿分散剂、成膜剂、着色剂、增粘剂、防腐剂、消泡剂和蒸馏水组成，其中，各成分占种衣剂的重量百分比如下：
2.根据权利要求1所述种衣剂，其特征在于，各成分占种衣剂的重量百分比如下：
3.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述润湿分散剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸、烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、脂肪酸聚乙二醇、十二烷基苯磺酸盐、聚氧乙烯基酚甲醛缩合物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段共聚物、萘或烷基萘甲醛缩合物磺酸盐、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐、木质素及其衍生物磺酸盐，脂肪酸乙烷加成物磷酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐或烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述成膜剂为***胶、动物胶、果胶、黄原胶、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺或聚丙烯酸钠中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述着色剂为碱性玫瑰精、水性玫红、酸性大红、Fluorescein red 5B、Red-8110、Red-131或FGR-131中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述增粘剂为黄原胶、***胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、丙烯酸钠、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、硅酸镁铝或膨润土中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述消泡剂为机硅酮类、C8-10的脂肪醇、C10-20的饱和脂肪酸及其酯类中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述防腐剂为苯甲酸、苯甲醛、苯甲酸钠、苯甲酸钾、山梨酸、水杨酸钠、2-羟基联苯、对羟基苯甲醛或1，2-苯并噻唑啉-3-酮中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述种衣剂，其特征在于，还包括防冻剂，所述防冻剂占种衣剂的重量百为分比为1.0％～5.0％。
10.根据权利要求9所述种衣剂，其特征在于，所述防冻剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、己二醇、尿素、硫酸铵、氯化钠或氯化钙中的一种或几种。
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| CN109287642A (zh) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-01 | 山东省花生研究所 | 一种花生抗菌防虫种衣剂 |
| CN111202055A (zh) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-29 | 山西农业大学 | 一种防治谷子白发病的种子处理悬浮剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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| CN109287642A (zh) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-01 | 山东省花生研究所 | 一种花生抗菌防虫种衣剂 |
| CN111202055A (zh) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-29 | 山西农业大学 | 一种防治谷子白发病的种子处理悬浮剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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