CN102329721A

CN102329721A - Garbage-sewage integrated fermentation biogas digester

Info

Publication number: CN102329721A
Application number: CN2010102254292A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邓良伟; 陈子爱
Original assignee: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2010-07-14
Filing date: 2010-07-14
Publication date: 2012-01-25
Anticipated expiration: 2030-07-14
Also published as: CN102329721B

Abstract

The invention relates to a garbage-sewage integrated fermentation biogas digester and a mass piggery fecal sewage treatment method, which belong to the field of environmental engineering and are mainly used for treating rural garbage and sewage. The main implementation steps are as follows: according to the number of raised livestock and poultry and the population of farmers, an underground rural water pressure type biogas digester is built; a garbage pool is built on the ground beside the underground rural water pressure type biogas digester, a ceiling is arranged on the top of the garbage pool, and a detachable flashboard is arranged on one sidewall of the garbage pool; a feed inlet is arranged over the flashboard, and is closed by a movable baffle, garbage can be dumped into the garbage pool as long as the movable baffle is pushed open, and after the garbage is dumped, the movable baffle can be automatically closed; a grait layer is arranged on the bottom of the garbage pool, a percolate-collecting tube is arranged in the grait layer, the percolate which is produced in the process of garbage piling is collected by the percolate-collecting tube, and is then conveyed into the biogas digester via a percolate-conveying tube, and the percolate, the fecal sewage of livestock and poultry and the fecal sewage of toilets carry out biogas fermentation together; after the garbage pool is full of garbage, the flashboard is pulled out, and after being manually retted, the garbage is taken out and transported into fields to serve as manure or buried nearby. The facility and the method have the advantages: since rural garbage is treated locally, the transportation cost for centralized treatment is reduced, and the situation of the shortage of centralized treatment sites is eased as well; the problem of pollution and foul smell in the local treatment of rural garbage percolate is solved; the fermentation material of the biogas digester for rural households is increased.

Description

Rubbish and sewage combined ferment are handled methane-generating pit

Technical field the invention belongs to field of environment engineering, is mainly used in the processing of life in the countryside rubbish, breeding wastewater, sewage.

Background technology is along with rural economy constantly develops, the life of farmers level improves constantly, and the life in the countryside garbage problem also becomes increasingly conspicuous, and not only influences the looks in new rural area, and peasant's living environment and physical and mental health have been brought direct threats.Carrying out the rural garbage and collect, deal with the work, is that the effective means of improving look of a village village, rural area looks is executed, and also is the prerequisite that realizes " township's wind civilization, cleanliness of villages ".

At present, day domestic refuse amount per capita in the whole nation is about 0.86kg, and the composition and the domestic waste of Rural areas domestic refuse do not have marked difference.But it is few to have generation, multi-point and wide-ranging spatial distribution characteristic.In some economically developed rural areas, the processing of rubbish centralized collection is grabbed as the breach and the most important thing of village environmental renovation, it is movable to have carried out environment comprehensive regulation pilot work and created the highly civilized health village, takes the lead in starting rural garbage centralized collection work of treatment.Through the special starting fund input of government, set up and the operation domestic waste collection, clear and disposal system.The collection and treatment operating mode that adopts is " family holds, and group is kept a public place clean, collect in the village, small towns transfer, cities and counties focus on ".But along with deepening continuously of this work, some problems begin to come out, and subject matter is " collect and be prone to the processing difficulty ", and especially terminal process problem in rural garbage has become the 'bottleneck' restrictions that rural garbage centralized collection work of treatment is carried out in a deep going way.This pattern has not only increased the rural garbage and has handled transportation cost, has more increased the burden of Municipal Domestic Waste Treatment Facility.In addition, mostly the trash processing way that adopt in some half urbanization zone is simple and easy landfill, fails to realize waste reductionization, resource utilization, innoxious target.

In the economically underdeveloped area, most of peasant households do not have the garbage collection process facility.The simple waste of only having built that has is collected the landfill pond, does not have seepage control measure at the bottom of the pond, and percolate very easily causes secondary pollution.Owing to be designed to opened type refuse collection pond mostly, around rubbish was scattered, summer, mosquitos and flies multiplied if untimely clearing stinked to high heaven; Wind and rain weather, rubbish is migrated with the wind, and filtrating is met the rain seepage.

Dispose at terminal for rubbish, and some technician have proposed organic waste is dropped into the imagination that methane-generating pit is produced biogas.Because there is the more organic substance that is difficult to degrade in rubbish; Like plastics, waste paper etc., and than high concentration of sediment, rubbish gets into very difficulty of methane-generating pit; Discharging is difficulty more, and the result causes methane-generating pit for farm household to utilize rubbish to make raw material production biogas failing fine realization always.

The solution that the techno-economic question that patent of the present invention exists to China's life in the countryside garbage collection process just proposes.

Summary of the invention is set up the apparatus and method of a kind of life in the countryside rubbish and sewage combination treatment.These apparatus and method organically combine garbage pool, livestock and poultry house, lavatory, methane-generating pit, are used to handle the rural production domestic refuse and reclaim the energy and resource, reach the purpose of rural area cleaning, hygienic environment-protecting.Just on the other ground of rural area underground water pressure type methane-generating pit, build garbage pool, garbage pool Chi Ding establishes ceiling.Establish pebble bed at the bottom of the garbage pool; Establish the filtrate collection pipe in the pebble bed; Domestic refuse behind separating plastic, waste paper, glass, the metal is dropped in the garbage pool; After the percolate that the dumping process produces is collected through the filtrate collection pipe, in filtrating transfer lime input methane-generating pit, together carry out biogas fermentation with swine manure wastewater, feces of toilet sewage.The sealing of garbage pool three face walls, another face wall is established plate, after garbage pool piles with rubbish, extracts plate out, and rubbish is drawn out in manual work, transports to and makes fertilizer or direct landfill in the ground.Directly over plate, establish shifting board,, push shifting board open and get final product when dumping rubbish toward garbage pool, fallen rubbish, shifting board can close automatically.Biogas residue and biogas liquid behind the production biogas is as the farmland fertilizer, and the biogas of generation is used for life fuels such as cooking, bathing.

Novelty of the present invention shows following several respects:

These apparatus and method of a organically combine garbage pool, livestock and poultry house, lavatory, methane-generating pit, and solid-state, the liquid waste in rural area is handled in the lump, can thoroughly realize the target of cleanliness of villages.

B rural garbage on-the-spot disposal has reduced the trucking costs that focuses on, and also extenuates the nervous situation in the place that focuses on.

C has solved the problem of rural garbage on-the-spot disposal percolate pollution and stink.

D has increased the methane-generating pit for farm household fermentation raw material, can partly solve the problem of methane-generating pit insufficient raw material.

E has avoided the difficult problem of garbage raw material biogas fermentation input and output material.

The f convenient management, do not need staff on duty, working cost low.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention

Fig. 2 is the 1-1 cross-sectional view among Fig. 1

Fig. 3 is the 2-2 cross-sectional view among Fig. 1

Fig. 4 is the 3-3 cross-sectional view among Fig. 1

Appended drawings is the apparatus and method synoptic diagram of life in the countryside rubbish and sewage combination treatment, and the practical implementation step is following:

A builds (6～20m flatly according to livestock and poultry cultivation quantity and peasant household's size of population ³) rural area underground water pressure type methane-generating pit 1, methane-generating pit can adopt that brick mixes, steel reinforced concrete or other structure.Methane-generating pit can be used for the fermentative processing of human and animal excreta sewage and percolate simultaneously.

B builds garbage pool 2 on the other ground of underground water pressure type methane-generating pit 1, garbage pool can adopt that brick mixes, steel reinforced concrete or other structure, and garbage pool Chi Ding establishes ceiling 3, prevents that rainwater from getting into and foul smell distributes.Ceiling can adopt sandwich color steel or plastic plate.

The sealing of c garbage pool 2 three face walls, another face wall is established and can be discharged plate 4, and plate can adopt plank (rotproofing) or the plastic plate of thick 10～20mm, wide 100mm.

D establishes dispensing port 5 directly over plate 4,6 sealings of dispensing port 5 usefulness shifting boards, and shifting board can adopt plank (rotproofing) or the plastic plate of thick 5mm.The hook 7 of using up links to each other shifting board 6 in ceiling 3; Domestic refuse behind separating plastic, waste paper, glass, the metal is dropped in the garbage pool 2 through dispensing port, when dumping rubbish, push shifting board open and can tip rubbish toward garbage pool; Fallen rubbish, shifting board can close automatically.

E establishes pebble bed 8 at 2 ends of garbage pool, establishes the filtrate collection pipe in the pebble bed, and the filtrate collection pipe adopts the DN50PE pipe, every hole of boring 3mm at a distance from 50mm.After the percolate that the dumping process produces collects 9 through the filtrate collection pipe, in filtrating transfer lime 10 input methane-generating pits, together carry out biogas fermentation with swine manure wastewater, feces of toilet sewage.In the middle of the filtrating transfer line, catch-basin 11 can be set.

After f garbage pool 2 piles with rubbish, extract plate 4 out, artificial rubbish behind the stack retting is drawn out, transport to and make fertilizer or landfill nearby in the ground.

The biogas residue and biogas liquid that g produces behind the biogas is used as the farmland fertilizer, and the biogas of generation is used for life fuels such as cooking, bathing.

Claims

1. apparatus and method that are used for rubbish and people's animal dung urine, sewage combination treatment and produce biogas comprise refuse collection stack retting system, percolate collection and delivery system, methane fermentation system etc.Be characterised in that: according to livestock and poultry cultivation quantity and peasant household's size of population; Build the underground water pressure type methane-generating pit of volume 6～20m3; Build garbage pool on the ground on methane-generating pit side, the percolate that garbage pool produces flows into methane-generating pit certainly and people's domestic animals manure, sewage carry out fermentative processing in the lump and produce biogas.

2. apparatus and method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: garbage pool Chi Ding establishes ceiling, prevents that rainwater from getting into and foul smell distributes.

3. apparatus and method according to claim 1; The sealing of garbage pool three face walls; Another face wall central authorities establish the discharged plate of wide 600～800mm, high 800～1000mm, after garbage pool piles with rubbish, extract plate out; Artificial rubbish behind the stack retting is drawn out, transported to and make fertilizer or landfill nearby in the ground.

4. apparatus and method according to claim 1 are established the rubbish dispensing port of wide 700～800mm, high 500～600mm directly over plate, dispensing port seals with shifting board, with suspension hook shifting board is linked to each other with ceiling.When dumping rubbish, push shifting board open and can tip rubbish toward garbage pool, fallen rubbish, shifting board can close automatically.

5. apparatus and method according to claim 1 are established 60～150mm pebble bed at the bottom of garbage pool, establish the filtrate collection pipe of diameter 50mm in the pebble bed, filtrate collection pipe bit hole.After the percolate that the dumping process produces is collected through the filtrate collection pipe, in filtrating transfer lime gravity flow input methane-generating pit.