CN102324531A - Carbon-supported CoN fuel-cell catalyst as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Carbon-supported CoN fuel-cell catalyst as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a carbon-supported CoN fuel-cell catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst comprises the following components in mass percentage: 40-99 percent of carbon material and 1-60 percent of active component. The catalyst is prepared through the following steps of: dispersing the components into a mortar loaded with a solvent, fully grinding until the solvent is completely volatilized, and obtaining a catalyst precursor after vacuum drying; and roasting for 2-4 hours by increasing the temperature for 200-900 DEG C at the speed of 20 DEG C/minute under the protection of an inert-gas atmosphere. The catalyst is applied to alkaline fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells, direct ethanol fuel cells or low-temperature fuel cells. The catalyst is a non-platinum catalyst, so that the cost of the fuel cells can be markedly lowered; and the preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple and easy to operate, has low cost, is suitable for industrialized production and has good application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fuel cell and use the non-precious metal catalyst field, particularly a kind of carbon carries the CoN fuel-cell catalyst.
Background technology
Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) has characteristics such as power density height, pollution-free, low-temperature operation (60-90 ℃) and environmental friendliness, is considered to first-selected green energy resource technology of 21 century.Compare with other fuel cell, PEFCs can at room temperature start fast, and can change power output fast according to load request, is the desirable substitute electric power of the most rising following electric automobile, distributing power station, stand-by power supply and portable electronics.
So far; The real commercial application of fuel cell distance still has suitable distance; Key reason is that its anode and negative electrode effective catalyst all are is that metal is master's a noble metal catalyst with platinum (Pt), and expensive price seriously restricts its commercial scale application with scarcity of resources.For reducing the cost of catalyst, reduce the load capacity of Pt in the fuel cell and the main direction that the development non-precious metal catalyst becomes the focus and the low-temperature fuel cell catalyst research of international current concern.Particularly work as fuel cell at alkaline medium (OH
-) many defectives and the deficiency that can avoid Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells to have during operation under the condition.For example, (1) anode of fuel cell fuel oxidation (H
2Or MeOH) and negative electrode O2 reduction have very high kinetics.Thereby can adopt cheap non-Pt eelctro-catalyst such as Ag, Ni, Co, Fe and MnO2 etc.(2) corrosion resistance of many materials in alkalescence is much better than the corrosion resistance in acidity.
At present, fuel cell mainly concentrates on [Nature, 201,1212 such as transition metal oxide, sulfide, transition metal carbonyl compound and transition metal macrocyclic compound with the research of non-precious metal catalyst; Topics in current chemistry, Vol.61, Springer Verlag Heidelberg.1976.Electrochimica Acta, 41 (1996) 1689; J.Electrochem Soc, 141 (1994) 41; Electrochim Acta, 24 (1979) 921; Int J Hydrogen Energy, 25 (2000) 255].Handle (600～900 ℃) so as to high temperature pyrolysis; The activity and the stability of these macrocyclic compound are greatly improved; Yet its synthesizing mean is complicated; On the high side, there is higher activation polarization especially for the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of highly acid medium, its active comparing with Pt with stability also has a certain distance.
Document " applied chemistry "; 27 (2010) 183 have reported and a kind ofly prepare the method for carbon supported cobalt phthalocyanine catalytic agent and be applied under the alkali condition electrical catalyze reduction to oxygen through solid phase heating one-step method; But the CoPc/C compound average grain diameter of this method preparation is big (30nm); Especially for the catalyst of preparation high capacity amount, the catalyst particle size size is difficult to control, and it is not very even that the particle of metallic element disperses on carrier.Document [" chemical journal " 66 (2008) 1015)] has been reported a kind of method of using cobalt acetate to prepare alkaline fuel cell Co-N/C composite catalyst as nitrogenous source as carbon source and ammonia as source metal, carbon black (Vulcan XC-72R); This catalyst shows catalytic activity preferably to hydrogen reduction; But it is inhomogeneous to have catalyst particle size equally; Particle diameter is 1～5 μ m, and phenomenons such as reunion take place, and its preparation technology awaits further to optimize.The number of patent application of Zhejiang University's application is 200910154535.3 and 200910098411.8; Disclosed method has reported that a kind of conductive polymer modified carbon carried nickel-based compound or cobalt hydroxide of utilizing prepares composite catalyst; This catalyst is in liquid phase, to prepare; Prepare the same operation more complicated, the uppity shortcoming of course of reaction of existing of catalyst with colloid method, can not well satisfy the fuel cell industrialization and must ask.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of carbon and carries the CoN fuel-cell catalyst, and this catalyst is a non-platinum catalyst, can reduce the cost of fuel cell significantly; The preparation method is simple, and easily operation, cost are low, are suitable for suitability for industrialized production, have a good application prospect.
A kind of carbon of the present invention carries the CoN fuel-cell catalyst, and its component comprises: by mass percentage, and the material with carbon element of 40-99% and the active component of 1%-60%; Wherein, active component is that mass ratio is 1: 1～19 nitrogen compound and slaine.
Said material with carbon element is active carbon, Graphene, carbon nano-fiber, CNT or nano cages.
Said nitrogen compound is pyridine, pyrroles, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, N, dinethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetylamide, 3,3 '-dihydroxy diphenylamine or N-methyl pyrrolidone.
Said slaine is that mass ratio is 1: 0～10 cobalt salt and transition metal salt.
Said cobalt salt is cobaltous sulfate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride or ethyl acetate cobalt.
Said transition metal salt is ammonium vanadate, amine molybdate, sodium tungstate or cerous nitrate.
A kind of carbon of the present invention carries the preparation method of CoN fuel-cell catalyst, comprising:
(1) be that the material with carbon element of 40-99% and the active component of 1%-60% are scattered in the mortar that solvent is housed with mass percent, it is complete fully to be ground to solvent evaporates, gets the catalyst precursor after the vacuumize;
(2) with above-mentioned catalyst precursor in inert gas atmosphere protection down with 200～900 ℃ of following roasting 2～4h of 20 ℃/min speed intensification, promptly get.
Solvent in the said step (1) is water, methyl alcohol, ethanol or chloroform.
Inert gas in the said step (2) is argon gas or nitrogen.
A kind of carbon of the present invention carries the CoN fuel-cell catalyst and is applied to alkaline fuel cell, DMFC, direct alcohol fuel cell or low-temperature fuel cell.
Beneficial effect
(1) the present invention is a non-platinum catalyst, can reduce the cost of fuel cell significantly, forms the CoNxC composite construction through nitride high temperature modification activities metal, improves the catalytic activity of CoN;
(2) preparation method of the present invention is simple, and easily operation, cost are low, are suitable for suitability for industrialized production, have a good application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the CoN/C catalyst of different metal carrying capacity is at O
2Under cathodic polarization curve figure;
Fig. 2 is that the 15%Co25%N/C catalyst of different disposal temperature is at O
2Under cathodic polarization curve figure;
Fig. 3 is that the 15%Co25%N/C catalyst is at O
2Cathodic polarization curve figure in the saturated different K OH concentration down;
Fig. 4 is that Co/C and N/C and the CoPy/C of 800 ℃ of Temperature Treatment is at O
2Under cathodic polarization curve figure contrast.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in the restriction scope of the present invention.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can do various changes or modification to the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
The preparation of 10%Co30N%/activated-carbon catalyst: take by weighing 0.0477g CoSO
47H
2O, 0.0300g pyridine and 0.0600gVulcan XC-72R carbon dust place agate mortar.Add 10ml and analyze pure methyl alcohol, fully be ground to the methyl alcohol volatilization fully.Agate mortar and mixture are put into 40 ℃ of following vacuumize 1h of vacuum drying oven.Afterwards, dried mixture is placed quartz boat, at N
2Under the atmosphere protection, be increased to roasting reduction processing 2h under 800 ℃ of conditions, obtain needed CoN/C catalyst with 20 ℃/min heating rate.
The preparation of 2%Co38%N/ graphen catalyst: take by weighing the 0.0095g cobalt nitrate, the 0.0380g triethylamine, 0.009g ammonium vanadate and 0.0600g Graphene place agate mortar.Add 8ml and analyze straight alcohol, fully be ground to the ethanol volatilization fully.Subsequently, agate mortar and mixture are put into 40 ℃ of following vacuumize 1h of vacuum drying oven.Afterwards, dried mixture is placed quartz boat, at N
2Calcination process 2h under 200 ℃ of conditions of atmosphere obtains needed CoN/C catalyst.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of 15%Co25%N/ carbon nano-tube catalyst: take by weighing 0.0716g ethyl acetate cobalt, 0.0250g N, the N-dimethylacetylamide, 0.007g sodium tungstate and 0.0600g carbon nano-fiber place agate mortar.Add 8ml water, fully be ground to the water volatilization fully.Agate mortar and mixture are put into 40 ℃ of following vacuumize 1h of vacuum drying oven.Afterwards, dried mixture is placed quartz boat, under the argon gas atmosphere protection, be increased to roasting reduction processing 2h under 900 ℃ of conditions, obtain needed CoN/C catalyst with 20 ℃/min heating rate.
Embodiment 4
The preparation of 20%Co20%N/ activated-carbon catalyst: take by weighing 0.0954g CoSO
47H
2O, 0.0200g pyridine and 0.0600gVulcan XC-72R carbon dust place agate mortar.Add 8ml and analyze pure methyl alcohol, fully be ground to the methyl alcohol volatilization fully.Agate mortar and mixture are put into 40 ℃ of following vacuumize 1h of vacuum drying oven.Afterwards, dried mixture is placed quartz boat, at N
2Atmosphere is increased to roasting reduction processing 2h under 800 ℃ of conditions with 20 ℃/min heating rate, obtains needed CoN/C catalyst.
The preparation of 15%Co25N%/activated-carbon catalyst: take by weighing 0.0716g CoSO
47H
2O, 0.0250g pyridine and 0.0600gVulcan XC-72R carbon dust place agate mortar, add 10ml methyl alcohol, fully are ground to the methyl alcohol volatilization fully.Agate mortar and mixture are put into 40 ℃ vacuum drying oven vacuumize 1h.Afterwards, dried mixture is placed quartz boat, at N
2Roasting reduction is handled 2h under 200 ℃ of conditions of atmosphere, obtains needed CoN/C catalyst.
The preparation of 15%Co25N%/activated-carbon catalyst: take by weighing 0.0716g CoSO
47H
2O, 0.0250g pyridine and 0.0600gVulcan XC-72R carbon dust place agate mortar, add 8ml methyl alcohol, fully are ground to the methyl alcohol volatilization fully.Agate mortar and mixture are put into 40 ℃ vacuum drying oven vacuumize 1h.Afterwards, dried mixture is placed quartz boat, at N
2Roasting reduction is handled 2h under 400 ℃ of conditions of atmosphere, obtains needed CoN/C catalyst.
Embodiment 7
The preparation of 15%Co25N%/activated-carbon catalyst: take by weighing 0.0716g CoSO
47H
2O, 0.0250g pyridine and 0.0600gVulcan XC-72R carbon dust place agate mortar, add 10ml methyl alcohol, fully are ground to the methyl alcohol volatilization fully.Agate mortar and mixture are put into 40 ℃ vacuum drying oven vacuumize 1h.Afterwards, dried mixture is placed quartz boat, at N
2Be increased to roasting reduction processing 2h under 600 ℃ of conditions with 20 ℃/min heating rate under the atmosphere, obtain needed CoN/C catalyst.
Embodiment 8
The preparation of 15%Co25N%/activated-carbon catalyst: take by weighing 0.0716g CoSO
47H
2O, 0.0250g pyridine and 0.0600gVulcan XC-72R carbon dust place agate mortar, add 10ml methyl alcohol, fully are ground to the methyl alcohol volatilization fully.Agate mortar and mixture are put into 40 ℃ vacuum drying oven vacuumize 1h.Afterwards, dried mixture is placed quartz boat, at N
2Be increased to roasting reduction processing 2h under 900 ℃ of conditions with 20 ℃/min heating rate under the atmosphere protection, obtain needed CoN/C catalyst.
Comparative Examples 1
The preparation of 40%Co/ active carbon: take by weighing 0.1908g CoSO
47H
2O and 0.0600g Vulcan XC-72R carbon dust place agate mortar, add 12ml methyl alcohol, fully are ground to the methyl alcohol volatilization fully.Agate mortar and mixture are put into 40 ℃ of following vacuumize 1h of vacuum drying oven.Afterwards, dried mixture is placed quartz boat, at N
2Under the atmosphere protection, be increased to roasting reduction processing 2h under 800 ℃ of conditions, obtain needed Co/C catalyst with 20 ℃/min heating rate.
Comparative Examples 2
The preparation of 40%N/ activated-carbon catalyst: take by weighing the 0.0400g pyridine and 0.0600g Vulcan XC-72R carbon dust places agate mortar, add 8ml methyl alcohol, fully be ground to the methyl alcohol volatilization fully as a minute agent.Agate mortar and mixture are put into 40 ℃ of following vacuumize 1h of vacuum drying oven.Afterwards, dried mixture is placed quartz boat, at N
2Be increased to calcination process 2h under 800 ℃ of conditions with 20 ℃/min heating rate under the atmosphere, obtain needed N/C catalyst.
Be distributed to the CoN/C catalyst of 2mg in the IPA solution of 1ml, under ultrasonication, obtain the ink solution of catalyst.Using the micropipette rifle to pipette the above-mentioned catalyst solution of 10 μ l transfers on the GC electrode of a diameter as 0.283cm.Get a methyl alcohol: Nafion solution, wherein methyl alcohol and 5%Nafion mass ratio are to make binding agent at 50: 1, catalyst loadings is 70.6ug/cm
2, be prepared into work electrode after drying naturally.
The electrochemical property test utilization rotating ring disk technology (RDE) of CoN/C catalyst carries out in traditional three-electrode system.Electrolyte is 0.05～3.0M KOH, and work electrode is glass carbon (GC) electrode of load C oN/C catalyst, and reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, is Pt silk electrode to electrode.Linear scan polarization curve such as Fig. 1 under the room temperature, 2,3, shown in 4.
Can find that from figure the CoN/C catalyst of preparation has higher activity and stable.Prepared 10%Co30%N/C composite catalyst shows best catalytic activity under 800 ℃.With the gas-diffusion electrode of its preparation at 3.0M KOH electrolyte solution and saturated O
2Under the atmosphere, 0.06V (with respect to standard hydrogen electrode) can produce tangible hydrogen reduction electric current, and current density reaches maximum when-0.18V, and current density is 1.0mA cm
-2, half wave potential is at-0.05V.At 0.05M KOH electrolyte solution and saturated O
2Under the atmosphere, 0.1V (with respect to standard hydrogen electrode) can produce tangible hydrogen reduction electric current, and current density reaches maximum when-0.32V, and current density is 5.5mA cm
-2
Claims (10)
1. a carbon carries the CoN fuel-cell catalyst, and its component comprises: by mass percentage, and the material with carbon element of 40-99% and the active component of 1%-60%; Wherein, active component is that mass ratio is 1: 1～19 nitrogen compound and slaine.
2. a kind of carbon according to claim 1 carries the CoN fuel-cell catalyst, it is characterized in that: said material with carbon element is active carbon, Graphene, carbon nano-fiber, CNT or nano cages.
3. a kind of carbon according to claim 1 carries the CoN fuel-cell catalyst; It is characterized in that: said nitrogen compound is pyridine, pyrroles, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, N; Dinethylformamide, N; The N-dimethylacetylamide, 3,3 '-dihydroxy diphenylamine or N-methyl pyrrolidone.
4. a kind of carbon according to claim 1 carries the CoN fuel-cell catalyst, it is characterized in that: said slaine is that mass ratio is 1: 0～10 cobalt salt and transition metal salt.
5. a kind of carbon according to claim 4 carries the CoN fuel-cell catalyst, it is characterized in that: said cobalt salt is cobaltous sulfate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride or ethyl acetate cobalt.
6. a kind of carbon according to claim 4 carries the CoN fuel-cell catalyst, it is characterized in that: said transition metal salt is ammonium vanadate, amine molybdate, sodium tungstate or cerous nitrate.
7. a carbon carries the preparation method of CoN fuel-cell catalyst, comprising:
(1) be that the material with carbon element of 40-99% and the active component of 1%-60% are scattered in the mortar that solvent is housed with mass percent, it is complete fully to be ground to solvent evaporates, gets the catalyst precursor after the vacuumize;
(2) with above-mentioned catalyst precursor in inert gas atmosphere protection down with 200～900 ℃ of following roasting 2～4h of 20 ℃/min speed intensification, promptly get.
8. a kind of carbon according to claim 7 carries the preparation method of CoN fuel-cell catalyst, it is characterized in that: the solvent in the said step (1) is water, methyl alcohol, ethanol or chloroform.
9. a kind of carbon according to claim 7 carries the preparation method of CoN fuel-cell catalyst, it is characterized in that: the inert gas in the said step (2) is argon gas or nitrogen.
10. a carbon carries the CoN fuel-cell catalyst and is applied to alkaline fuel cell, DMFC, direct alcohol fuel cell or low-temperature fuel cell.
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102569831A (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2012-07-11 | 东华大学 | Carbon load copper phthalocyanine fuel cell catalyst CuPc/C and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102626649A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2012-08-08 | 重庆大学 | Oxygen reduction non-noble metal catalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN103094584A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2013-05-08 | 武汉理工大学 | Nano-grade sandwich-structured fuel cell non-precious metal catalyst, membrane electrode and preparation method thereof |
| CN103170355A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-06-26 | 周德璧 | Air electrode metal nitride catalyst applied to air battery |
| CN103247805A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-08-14 | 北京大学 | Non-noble metal electrocatalyst for fuel cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN103566960A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-02-12 | 东华大学 | Fuel-cell catalyst, as well as preparation and application thereof |
| CN103611555A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-03-05 | 东华大学 | Nitrogen-doped graphene catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104162428A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-11-26 | 台南大学 | Method for preparing support-type cobalt oxide catalyst |
| CN104817119A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-05 | 安徽师范大学 | Preparation method and applications of transition metallide |
| CN105749947A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-07-13 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Non-noble metal catalyst for oxygen reduction, and preparation and application of catalyst |
| CN106654302A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-05-10 | 福州大学 | Proton exchange membrane non-platinum catalyst using peanut as raw material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110586152A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-12-20 | 浙江工业大学 | Preparation of Ni-containing material by thermal decomposition2W3Method for preparing N bimetal nitride composite material |
| CN111686780A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-22 | 南京大学 | Metal-nitrogen-carbon catalyst for carbon dioxide electroreduction and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102569831B (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2015-10-28 | 东华大学 | Carbon supported copper phthalocyanine dyestuffs cell catalyst CuPc/C and Synthesis and applications |
| CN102626649A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2012-08-08 | 重庆大学 | Oxygen reduction non-noble metal catalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN103170355A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-06-26 | 周德璧 | Air electrode metal nitride catalyst applied to air battery |
| CN103170355B (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2015-10-21 | 周德璧 | A kind of air electrode metal nitride catalyst preparation method being applied to air cell |
| CN103094584B (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2015-09-30 | 武汉理工大学 | Nanometer sandwich structure fuel cell non-precious metal catalyst, membrane electrode and preparation method |
| CN103094584A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2013-05-08 | 武汉理工大学 | Nano-grade sandwich-structured fuel cell non-precious metal catalyst, membrane electrode and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103247805B (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2016-04-27 | 北京大学 | A kind of Non-noble metal electrocatalyst for fuel cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN103566960A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-02-12 | 东华大学 | Fuel-cell catalyst, as well as preparation and application thereof |
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| CN103611555B (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2016-02-17 | 东华大学 | A kind of nitrogen-doped graphene Catalysts and its preparation method and application |
| CN103611555A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-03-05 | 东华大学 | Nitrogen-doped graphene catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104162428A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-11-26 | 台南大学 | Method for preparing support-type cobalt oxide catalyst |
| CN105749947A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-07-13 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Non-noble metal catalyst for oxygen reduction, and preparation and application of catalyst |
| CN105749947B (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2018-06-26 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of non noble metal oxygen reduction catalyst and its preparation and application |
| CN104817119A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-05 | 安徽师范大学 | Preparation method and applications of transition metallide |
| CN106654302A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-05-10 | 福州大学 | Proton exchange membrane non-platinum catalyst using peanut as raw material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110586152B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2022-02-01 | 浙江工业大学 | Preparation of Ni-containing material by thermal decomposition2W3Method for preparing N bimetal nitride composite material |
| CN111686780A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-22 | 南京大学 | Metal-nitrogen-carbon catalyst for carbon dioxide electroreduction and preparation method thereof |
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