CN102324503B - Method for preparing cobalt oxide nanosheet and graphene composite lithium battery cathode material through single-mode microwave - Google Patents
Method for preparing cobalt oxide nanosheet and graphene composite lithium battery cathode material through single-mode microwave Download PDFInfo
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- CN102324503B CN102324503B CN2011102768411A CN201110276841A CN102324503B CN 102324503 B CN102324503 B CN 102324503B CN 2011102768411 A CN2011102768411 A CN 2011102768411A CN 201110276841 A CN201110276841 A CN 201110276841A CN 102324503 B CN102324503 B CN 102324503B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a single-mode microwave synthesis method for preparing a cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanosheet and graphene composite lithium battery cathode material with a layer-to-layer three-dimensional network structure. According to the present invention, cobaltous nitrate, hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) and natural graphite powder are adopted as raw materials, an improved Hummers method is adopted for preparing a graphene oxide; the resulting graphene oxide is added to a mixed solution comprising the cobaltous nitrate and the HMT to generate cobalt hydroxide by using the reactionof the cobaltous nitrate and the HMT under the single-mode microwave; the resulting cobalt hydroxide is subjected to pyrolysis for 2 hours at a temperature of 300 DEG C in the protection of N2; then the resulting product is placed in a muffle furnace to carry out baking for 2 hours at the temperature of 300 DEG C to obtain the sample. According to the single-mode microwave process provided by thepresent invention, the HMT is adopted as the donor for providing the hydroxyl radical, such that the cobaltous nitrate is subjected to the reaction to generate the cobalt hydroxide under the single-mode microwave; the slow decomposition of the HMT and the uniformity of the single-mode microwave reaction are adopted, such that the product has the layer-to-layer three-dimensional network structure.In addition, the electrochemical performance test is performed for the Co3O4 nanosheet and graphene composite lithium battery cathode material with the layer-to-layer three-dimensional network structure, the test result shows that, the Co3O4 nanosheet and graphene composite lithium battery cathode material has excellent lithium storage performance, and broad prospects in the field of development of the lithium ion battery cathode material.
Description
Technical field
The Hummers method that the present invention relates to improve and single mold microwave synthetic method, specifically, exactly by improving the standby graphene oxide of Hummers legal system, the standby netted Co of single mold microwave legal system
3O
4, finally form the layer by layer Co of interphase structure
3O
4/ Graphene synthetic method, the method key are that the product structure that will form is flake graphite alkene and netted Co
3O
4Alternate layer by layer; Belong to the technical field that single mold microwave prepares novel graphite alkene composite material and lithium ion battery negative material application.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is with its high-energy-density, high voltage, adaptive capacity comes into one's own widely, substitute gradually traditional nickel hydrogen battery, ickel-cadmium cell, lead acid accumulator, be widely used in such as electronic products such as mobile phone, digital camera, video camera, digital processors.
Geim equals to utilize the mechanical stripping method successfully to peel off and observe single-layer graphene from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite in 2004, single-layer graphene be at present in the world the thinnest material (Science, 2004,306:666-669).It is to pass through Sp by the graphite atom
2The graphite individual layer that hydridization obtains.Find after deliberation, when the number of plies of graphite linings is less than 10 layers, will show the electronic structure different from common three-dimensional graphite.Therefore the graphite material below 10 layers is referred to as grapheme material (Graphenes).Graphene is the elementary cell that consists of other material with carbon element structure, and the Graphene parcel can form the fullerene of zero dimension, the curling carbon nano-tube that can form one dimension, and stack can form three-dimensional graphite.The theoretical specific area of grapheme material is up to 2600m
2/ g has outstanding heat conductivility and ultimate strength, and at a high speed electron mobility under the room temperature, and the character that these are good is so that it has very large development prospect aspect energy storage.
In recent years, people were obtaining positive progress aspect the preparation of Graphene, the multiple preparation method such as developed that mechanical stripping, crystal epitaxy, chemistry redox, chemical vapour deposition (CVD), organic synthesis and carbon nano-tube are peeled off.The present invention utilizes the Hummers method oxidation that improves, and utilizes the pyrolysis reduction, has reduced the probability of sneaking into other impurity, has obtained the Graphene of function admirable.
And another aspect, as electrode material Co
3O
4Itself just have larger storage lithium performance, can reach 890mAh/g, nanosphere, nanometer rods, nano wire and nanotube etc. were partial in the research of its pattern in the past.Calcination or the thermal decomposition methods of adopting such as Hern á n L more, its metallic cobalt is directly made through high temperature sintering in air (J. Solid State Chem., 1985,59:388-392).Adopt the Co of this method preparation
3O
4The superfine powder poor activity, purity is low, particle diameter is large, and its physical and chemical performance is difficult to reach the requirement of electronics industry; Yang Shubin etc. have obtained graphene-supported Co by control under the alkali condition
3O
4Nano particle (Chem.Sus.Chem., 2009,2:236-239), the about 15nm of particle diameter, but it is under large electric current, and cycle performance of battery is not good enough; Lu Yan etc. has prepared netted Co by microwave method
3O
4Have good cycle performance, netted aperture about 20nm (Electrochem. Commun., 2009,10:1-6); And relevant Graphene calcaneus rete shape Co
3O
4Load form the almost the few's research of alternate layer by layer material.If therefore can effectively the two be combined, bring into play its common advantage, overcome unnecessary defective, possible this material can have more wide application prospect.
The single mold microwave method has that productive rate is high, pattern is easy to control, simple for process, temperature is low, be convenient to the advantage such as large-scale production, may become the main flow production method, surfactant-free of the present invention is auxiliary, the impurity probability is little, the big or small homogeneous of pattern, alternate even layer by layer, potentiality with large-scale mass production, significant to further raising performance of lithium ion battery.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of layer by layer Co of interphase structure for preparing
3O
4The single mold microwave synthetic method of nanometer sheet and graphene composite material, as raw material take cobalt nitrate, hexa (HMT), natural graphite powder, prepare graphene oxide by the Hummers method of improving, obtain having the graphite laminate structure that is inlaid with oxygen groups, add again in cobalt nitrate and hexa (HMT) mixed liquor, utilize cobalt nitrate and hexa under single mold microwave, to react the cobalt hydroxide intermediate product that generates the graphene oxide load.This intermediate product is at N
2Protect lower 280-320 ℃ of pyrolysis reduced graphene oxide serving 1-2 h, then 280-320 ℃ of roasting 1-2 h decomposes cobalt hydroxide fully in Muffle furnace, namely gets end product: graphene-supported cobalt oxide nanosheet composite material.
A kind of single mold microwave of the present invention prepares the method for cobalt oxide nanometer sheet and Graphene composite lithium ion battery negative material, it is characterized in that including following steps:
A. get 1-2 g natural graphite powder and add in the flask, flask is placed frozen water, ice-water bath maintains the temperature at about 0 ℃, adds first 40-80 ml HNO
3(65%), stirs 8-12 min, add again 60-120 ml H
2SO
4(98%), stirs 50-60 min, about temperature 18-23 ℃, slowly add 5-10 g KMnO
4, temperature remains on 33-36 ℃, adds KMnO
4After carry out magnetic agitation 1-2 h, then add 200-400 ml ultra-pure water, obtain black colloidal material, add again the H of 5-10 ml 30%
2O
2, solution is brown color, and the HCl that adds 15-30 ml 10% cleans, and centrifugation is cleaned 3-5 time with ultra-pure water, and until sample is neutral, drying obtains graphene oxide;
B. with end product Co
3O
4: the Theoretical Mass ratio of Graphene is predefined for and carries out operant response between the 2:1-1:1; Raw material Co (the NO that adopts
3)
26H
2The mol ratio of O and hexa (HMT) is between 1:1-1:3; Preparation 0.01-0.04 mol/L Co (NO
3)
26H
2The hexa aqueous solution of the ethanol solution of O and 0.02-0.08 mol/L; The above-mentioned hexa aqueous solution is added drop-wise to Co (NO
3)
2In the ethanolic solution, magnetic agitation 30 min; Then get the above-mentioned graphene oxide of 0.06-0.12 g and be dispersed in the ethanolic solution of 10-30 ml, ultrasonic 20-30 min disperses, and this solution is joined in the above-mentioned mixed liquor again; Then in react 3-30 min under 90-180 ℃ in the single mode reactor, the product that obtains is dirty-green, and centrifugation, ultra-pure water clean, and at 60-80 ℃ of lower dry 10-12 h, obtains intermediate product: the cobalt hydroxide of graphene oxide load;
C. the cobalt hydroxide with the load of above-mentioned intermediate product graphene oxide places tube furnace at N
2Protect lower 280-320 ℃ of pyrolysis reduction 1-2 h, then 280-320 ℃ of lower heating 1-2 h namely gets end product in the Muffle furnace Air: graphene-supported cobalt oxide nanosheet composite material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 embodiment 1 resulting Co
3O
4The X-ray diffraction of the composite material of nanometer sheet and Graphene (XRD) collection of illustrative plates.
Fig. 2 embodiment 1 resulting Co
3O
4The ESEM of the composite material of nanometer sheet and Graphene (SEM) photo.
Fig. 3 embodiment 1 resulting Co
3O
4The transmission electron microscope of the composite material of nanometer sheet and Graphene (TEM) photo.
Fig. 4 embodiment 1 resulting Co
3O
430 circle charge-discharge performance figure of the composite material of nanometer sheet and Graphene.
Embodiment
After now specific embodiments of the invention being described in.
Embodiment 1
Get 2 g natural graphite powders and add in the flask, flask is placed frozen water, ice-water bath maintains the temperature at about 0 ℃, adds first 80 ml HNO
3(65%), then carries out magnetic agitation 10 min, add again 120 ml H
2SO
4(98%), stir 1 h, about 20 ℃ of temperature slowly add 10 g KMnO
4, avoid temperature sharply to rise, temperature remains on 35 ℃, adds KMnO
4After carry out magnetic agitation 2 h, then add 400 ml ultra-pure waters, obtain black colloidal material, add again the H of 10 ml 30%
2O
2, solution is brown color, and the HCl that adds 30 ml 10% cleans, centrifugation, rotating speed is about: 15000-18000 rpm, clean 3 times with ultra-pure water, until sample is neutral, carry out at last drying, obtain graphene oxide;
With Co
3O
4: the mass ratio of G (Graphene) is set as 1:1, and Co (NO
3)
26H
2The O:HMT=1:2(mol ratio), get 0.189 g Co (NO
3)
26H
2O is dissolved in the 40 ml absolute ethyl alcohols, and other gets 0.182 g HMT(hexa) be dissolved in the 40 ml deionized waters, and be added drop-wise in the last solution magnetic agitation 30 min; Get in the ethanol that the 0.08g graphene oxide is dispersed in 20 ml, ultrasonic 30 min disperse, again this solution is joined in the above-mentioned mixed liquor, then in the single mold microwave reactor, reacting 5 min under 180 ℃, the product that obtains is dirty-green, centrifugation, ultra-pure water clean, 80 ℃ of lower 10 h oven dry; Place tube furnace at N in above-mentioned sample
2(N
2Flow is 80 sccm) lower 300 ℃ of heating 2 h of protection, then 300 ℃ of lower heating 2 h namely get the Co that mass ratio is about 1:1 in the Muffle furnace Air
3O
4Nanometer sheet and graphene composite material.
Its XRD collection of illustrative plates the analysis showed that product is the Co of the higher layer by layer interphase structure of degree of crystallinity as shown in Figure 1
3O
4Nanometer sheet and graphene composite material; Its SEM photo can be learnt the Co of interphase structure layer by layer of being that makes as shown in Figure 2
3O
4Nanometer sheet and graphene composite material, Graphene present the near-transparent film, netted Co
3O
4Be clipped in Graphene between layers; The Co of the layer by layer interphase structure that Fig. 3 makes for this enforcement
3O
4The transmission electron microscope of nanometer sheet and graphene composite material (TEM) photo, this sample is the Co of high degree of dispersion
3O
4/ Graphene can be seen netted Co
3O
4Load on the graphene platelet; Fig. 4 is graphene-supported Co
3O
4Front 30 circle charging and discharging capacity figure, specific capacity still remains on 1065 mAh/g after circulation 30 circles, and this material cycle performance is superior, and reversible capacity is very high, has the potentiality that are applied to the new type lithium ion battery electrode material.
Embodiment 2
Get 2 g natural graphite powders and add in the flask of 1000 mL, flask is placed frozen water, ice-water bath maintains the temperature at about 0 ℃, adds first 80 ml HNO
3(65%), then carries out magnetic agitation 10 min, add again 120 ml H
2SO
4(98%), stir 1 h, temperature slowly adds 10 g KMnO about 20 ℃
4, avoid temperature sharply to rise, temperature remains on 35 ℃, adds KMnO
4After carry out magnetic agitation 2 h, then add 400 ml ultra-pure waters, obtain black colloidal material, add again the H of 10 ml 30%
2O
2, solution is brown color, and the HCl that adds 30 ml 10% cleans, and centrifugation is cleaned 3 times with ultra-pure water, until sample is neutral, carries out at last drying, obtains graphene oxide;
With Co
3O
4Be set as 2:1 with the mass ratio of Graphene, and Co (NO
3)
26H
2The O:HMT=1:2(mol ratio), get 0.377 g Co (NO
3)
26H
2O is dissolved in the 40 ml absolute ethyl alcohols, and other gets 0.363 g HMT(hexa) be dissolved in the 40 ml deionized waters, and be added drop-wise in the last solution, stir 30 min; Getting 0.08 g graphene oxide is dispersed in the ethanol of 20 ml, ultrasonic 30 min disperse, again this solution is joined in the above-mentioned mixed liquor, then in the single mold microwave reactor, reacting 5 min under 180 ℃, the product that obtains is dirty-green, centrifugation, ultra-pure water clean, 80 ℃ of lower 10 h oven dry; Place tube furnace at N in above-mentioned sample
2(N
2Flow is 80 sccm) lower 300 ℃ of heating 2 h of protection, then 300 ℃ of lower heating 2 h namely get the Co that mass ratio is about 2:1 in the Muffle furnace Air
3O
4Nanometer sheet and graphene composite material.
The preparation of electrode material and test
The preparation of electrode material is that (polyvinylidene fluoride-PVDF) weight ratio is set as 8:1:1 with composite material active material, conductive agent (carbon black) and binding agent, take N, N-dimethyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent electrode material is made pulpous state, be applied on the copper sheet of light, vacuumize 85 ℃ of drying 10 h and get final product; The conduct of lithium sheet is to electrode, and electrolyte is the lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF of 1 M
6), solvent is that weight ratio is ethylene carbonate and the divinyl carbonate mixed liquor of 1:1, and measuring current density is 1 C=890 mA/g, and the test voltage scope is 0.005-3 V.
Claims (1)
1. a single mold microwave prepares the method for cobalt oxide nanometer sheet and Graphene composite lithium ion battery negative material, it is characterized in that, includes following steps:
A. get 1-2 g natural graphite powder and add in the flask, flask is placed frozen water, ice-water bath maintains the temperature at about 0 ℃, adds first the HNO of 40-80 ml65%
3, stir 8-12 min, add again the H of 60-120 ml 98%
2SO
4, stir 50-60 min, temperature 18-23 ℃, slowly add 5-10 g KMnO
4, temperature remains on 33-36 ℃, adds KMnO
4After carry out magnetic agitation 1-2 h, then add 200-400 ml ultra-pure water, obtain black colloidal material, add again the H of 5-10 ml 30%
2O
2, solution is brown color, and the HCl that adds 15-30 ml 10% cleans, and centrifugation is cleaned 3-5 time with ultra-pure water, and until sample is neutral, drying obtains graphene oxide;
B. with end product Co
3O
4: the Theoretical Mass ratio of Graphene is predefined for and carries out operant response between the 2:1-1:1; Raw material Co (the NO that adopts
3)
26H
2The mol ratio of O and hexa (HMT) is between 1:1-1:3; Preparation 0.01-0.04 mol/L Co (NO
3)
26H
2The hexa aqueous solution of the ethanol solution of O and 0.02-0.08 mol/L; The above-mentioned hexa aqueous solution is added drop-wise to above-mentioned Co (NO
3)
2Obtain mixed liquor in the ethanolic solution, magnetic agitation 30 min; Then getting the above-mentioned graphene oxide of 0.06-0.12 g is dispersed in the ethanolic solution of 10-30 ml; Ultrasonic 20-30 min disperses, again this solution is joined in the above-mentioned mixed liquor, then in the single mode reactor, reacting 3-30 min under 90-180 ℃, the product that obtains is dirty-green, centrifugation, ultra-pure water clean, at 60-80 ℃ of lower dry 10-12 h, obtain intermediate product: the cobalt hydroxide of graphene oxide load;
C. place tube furnace at N above-mentioned intermediate product (cobalt hydroxide of graphene oxide load)
2Protect lower 280-320 ℃ of pyrolysis reduction 1-2 h, then 280-320 ℃ of lower heating 1-2 h namely gets end product in the Muffle furnace Air: graphene-supported cobalt oxide nanosheet composite material.
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| CN102842710A (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2012-12-26 | 上海大学 | Preparation method of Co3O4/graphene nanocomposite material |
| CN103093967A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-05-08 | 西北师范大学 | Preparation and application of laminated structure cobalt and aluminum double hydroxide-reduction and oxidation graphene composite materials |
| CN104835653B (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2018-02-13 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | A kind of method for preparing cobalt oxide/graphene nanocomposite material |
| CN105810916B (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2018-09-21 | 青岛大学 | A kind of SnO2/ graphene/SnO2The preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material |
| CN106784709A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material-cobalt-based composite |
| CN107321970B (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2019-03-08 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of processing technology of the nanosheet composite material rolled using ultrasound |
| CN110776006B (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2023-07-21 | 香港科技大学 | Preparation method of ultrathin antimony sulfide nanosheets serving as lithium/sodium ion battery anode materials |
| CN110416539B (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2022-04-05 | 上海应用技术大学 | Preparation method of polypyrrole-coated three-dimensional graphene cobaltosic oxide lithium battery cathode material |
| CN113663672B (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2023-08-15 | 香港城市大学深圳研究院 | Cobalt oxide photocatalytic material with high photoelectrocatalytic activity and preparation method thereof |
| CN113903910A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-07 | 湖北大学 | Carbon cloth/cobaltosic oxide nanowire composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN102142541A (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2011-08-03 | 浙江大学 | High capacity and stable cyclic performance lithium ion battery electrode and preparation method thereof |
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