CN102321469A - ZnO luminous nanoparticles synthesized in polyethylene glycol and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
ZnO luminous nanoparticles synthesized in polyethylene glycol and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nano-materials, and particularly relates to ZnO luminous nanoparticles synthesized in polyethylene glycol and a preparation method thereof. The nanoparticles consist of ZnO monocrystal particles and external polymer radicals, and have high stability and photoluminescence performance. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: dissolving zinc acetate and basic hydroxide in a solvent together with stirring; and reacting at the room temperature for a period of time. The ZnO luminous nanoparticles can be purified by adopting a non-solvent precipitation method. In the stirring reaction process, a reaction mixture is fully contacted with the air, polyethylene glycol is oxidized by the air to form a carboxylic acid anion structure under the alkali catalyzing condition, and carboxylic acid anions can be coordinated onto the surfaces of the ZnO nanoparticles to make the ZnO nanoparticles illuminate stably. The preparation method has the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness and high yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of nano material, be specifically related to a kind of ZnO luminescent nanoparticle and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Nano metal material is to succeed in developing the semi-conductor that nano-scale and nanostructure are arranged, pottery, molecular sieve and the organic-inorganic hybrid material etc. of coming out one after another afterwards the eighties in 20th century.The nanotechnology that begins to rise from the beginning of the nineties, the new change that has brought numerous areas such as information, the energy, traffic, medicine, food, weaving, environmental protection.Therefore nano material becomes in the novel material science research field that the future economy and social development is had material impact, also be the most active in the contemporary fundamental research, be rich in novelty most and near the field of application.Wherein, the ZnO nano material is because cheap and the nontoxic great potential that has demonstrated at aspects such as Ultra-Violet Laser, biological fluorescent labelling and solar electrical energy generations.The compound method of ZnO nanoparticle comprises sol-gel method, hydro-thermal-solvent thermal reaction method, organo-metallic pyrogenic silica, chemical Vapor deposition process, sonochemistry synthesis method etc.Sol-gel method is the most popular, because this method cost is lower, simple to operate, productive rate is higher, the product good luminous performance, and the most suitable industriallization.Energy gap under the ZnO room temperature is 3.4eV, and exciton is transmitted in the ultraviolet region, and compound based on quantum size effect and surface imperfection place photoelectron and hole of the visible fluorescence of ZnO nanoparticle emission.Has more crystalline degree and purity though high temperature synthetic ZnO is nanocrystalline; But their defectives are few; The fluorescence of visible wavelength region very a little less than, so hydro-thermal-solvent thermal reaction method, organo-metallic pyrogenic silica, chemical Vapor deposition process all are not suitable for being used for preparing efficient luminous ZnO quantum dot.The ZnO nanoparticle that is made by sol-gel method has the exhibiting high surface defective, and the diameter variable range is 1~10 nanometer, just in time is in the Bohr radius scope of quantum size effect requirement, therefore is to prepare the best method of ZnO luminescent quantum dot at present.
It is hydrolysis zinc acetate in ethanol that traditional sol-gel method prepares the ZnO nanoparticle; Product the has been finishing ZnO quantum dot of acetate need react some hrs to zinc acetate reflux in absolute ethyl alcohol with the Lithium Hydroxide MonoHydrate pressed powder down at strong ultrasound condition after 3 hours again.The ZnO nanoparticle of this method preparation is not very stable, because the small acetate group of volume can't effectively be protected the ZnO nanoparticle, the colloid that obtains is luminous to change gold-tinted into by green glow very soon, means the growth and the reunion of ZnO nanoparticle.In order more effectively to protect ZnO; Can cause radical polymerization in the ZnO nanoparticle surface and form the polymer shell; Though this method can obtain the ZnO nanoparticle of stabilized illumination, severe reaction conditions, operation steps are complicated, purification process is loaded down with trivial details, are not suitable for industrialization.A kind of in addition method is the organic zinc salt that preparation has macromolecule group, decomposes the ZnO nanoparticle that obtains polymer protection under proper condition, and this has relatively high expectations to the organic zinc salt presoma, and is expensive.In addition, also has bibliographical information at the surperficial coated Si O of ZnO
2Perhaps the PMMA shell improves its stability; But the product that obtains often all is the microballoon of hundreds of nanometer even several microns sizes; A lot of ZnO nanoparticles have wherein been wrapped up; Owing to size has limited the application on the biomedicine too greatly, and these microballoons all are to be suspended in the water, and stability is not ideal enough.
The present invention is that solvent synthesizes the ZnO nanoparticle with the polyoxyethylene glycol; Participate at air under the condition of oxidation and base catalysis; The hydroxyl of polyoxyethylene glycol changes carboxyl dexterously into; With the Zn Atomic coordinate of the ZnO nanoparticle surface that generates, so only just obtained the ZnO quantum dot of polymer protection through one pot reaction.Though this reaction is simple to operate; But the condition that can change has a lot: the mol ratio of the molecular weight of polyoxyethylene glycol, the kind of metal hydroxides, zinc acetate and metal hydroxides, reaction times, temperature of reaction, reaction density etc.; The size of ZnO nanoparticle and surface state can pass through to change above-mentioned condition and controlled by strict, thus physicalies such as the absorbing wavelength of adjusting ZnO quantum dot, emission wavelength, quantum yield.Be connected through chemical bond between analysis means such as ir spectra proofs polyoxyethylene glycol and the ZnO nanoparticle, so this material is highly stable and be hydrophilic, might be applied to high-tech product fields such as namo fluorescence probe, radioactive paint.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose that a kind of reaction conditions is gentle, operation steps is simple, be suitable for industrialization, synthetic ZnO luminescent nanoparticle and preparation method thereof in polyethylene glycols solution of good stability.
ZnO luminescent nanoparticle of the present invention; Be in polyethylene glycols solution, to prepare through sol-gel method; Be made up of ZnO monocrystal particle and outer polymer group, said polymeric groups is a deutero-negatively charged ion after the polyoxyethylene glycol oxidation, and the diameter of ZnO is regulated in 1~10 nanometer range; Size and surface state through control ZnO nanoparticle can make its emission wavelength in 460~560 nanometer range, change.
The The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of ZnO luminescent nanoparticle provided by the invention is highly stable, can in physical processes such as dissolving, evaporation, deposition, extraction, not change.This type material can be dissolved in the multiple organic solvent, like ethanol, polyoxyethylene glycol, methyl alcohol, chloroform etc., forms steady in a long-term luminous colloidal sol.Because polyoxyethylene glycol is hydrophilic, this material can be applicable to biological fluorescent labeling.
The preparation method of ZnO luminescent nanoparticle of the present invention, concrete steps are following:
(1) the pressed powder of zinc acetate and metal hydroxides by 0.5~1 molar ratio, add in the polyethylene glycols organic solvent, the continuously stirring dissolving is directly 0~100
oReaction generates the luminous colloidal sol of ZnO under the C temperature.
Can further purify to said product, that is:
(2) upwards the reactant colloidal sol of step adds " non-solvent " (like ETHYLE ACETATE or ether), and volume is 3~5 times of former reaction soln, can be settled out the gel of ZnO nanoparticle, and is promptly separable with supercentrifuge;
(3) go up the gel of step can redispersion in organic solvents such as absolute ethyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene glycol, chloroform, form the colloidal sol of stabilized illumination once more.These colloidal sols still can adopt step (2) method to be settled out the ZnO gel after concentrating, and can make purifying products in this way.
Among the present invention, metal hydroxides can be Lithium Hydroxide MonoHydrate (LiOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Pottasium Hydroxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)
2), hydrated barta (Ba (OH)
2) wait a kind of.Polyoxyethylene glycol can be that Tri Ethyleneglycol is TEG; Molecular weight is that 200,300 or 400 polyoxyethylene glycol is PEG200, PEG300 or PEG400; Molecular weight is that 350 or 550 polyoxyethylene glycol monomethyl ether is PEGME350 or PEGME550, and these choice of Solvent cause certain difference to the luminescent properties of the finished product.And terepthaloyl moietie, glycol ether is when being DEG, molecular weight greater than 400 PEG as solvent, and the luminescent properties of product is all very poor.
Among the present invention, regulate the molar ratio (from 0.5 to 1) of zinc acetate and metal hydroxides, can obtain the different product of glow color (being tuned to gold-tinted 560 nanometers) from blue light 460 nanometers.Reaction soln alkalescence not simultaneously, the form of polyoxyethylene glycol oxidation products also can be different, thereby have influence on the stability and the luminescent properties of final product.
Among the present invention, through the temperature of control reaction, reaction speed (in the slowest several weeks, accomplishing) and change concentration of reactants and feed ratio, the i.e. emission wavelength of adjustable final product and quantum yield (10~40 % variation) from the fastest several hrs.
The present invention is in the preparation process; Let reaction mixture constantly stir, fully ingress of air is very important; Because under the condition of base catalysis, the polyoxyethylene glycol oxidation by air forms carboxylate anion's structure, and this carboxylate anion can be coordinated to the ZnO nanoparticle surface improves its stability greatly.If let the reaction mixture secluding air, the result can only obtain acetate coordinate ZnO, and its luminescent properties and stability all can descend significantly.
Among the present invention, the molar ratio of metal hydroxides hydroxide radical and zinc acetate is defined as R=[OH]/[Zn].When R less than 1 the time, the luminescent properties of product very a little less than, speed of response is slow; When R greater than 2 the time, excessive alkali can the further oxidation flavescence of catalysis polyoxyethylene glycol, even blackening, has influence on the quality of the finished product.Therefore, in the present invention, feed ratio R is recommended as between 1~2.
Among the present invention, temperature of reaction can be 0~100
oChange in the C scope, but under the room temperature (promptly 10~40
oC) ideal and convenient.Spend when low when reaction temperature, speed of response is too slow, the labor time; When temperature of reaction was too high, reaction was difficult to control too soon, and the ZnO nanoparticle is reunited easily, and luminescent properties descends.
The preparation method that the present invention proposes is simply efficient, especially is fit to a large amount of synthetic ZnO luminescent nanoparticles, and the ZnO quantum dot light emitting stable in properties that obtains, and can store for a long time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment 1,2, the ir spectra of 3 product and solvent TEG.Can see that when R=1 characteristic peak 1730 cm are arranged in the product 1
-1, this is-characteristic peak of COOH, and under the more condition of alkali (R=1.5 and 2) ,-COOH changes into-COO
-Obvious characteristics peak 1580 cm are arranged in product 2 and 3
-1With 1425 cm
-1(represented carboxyl anion-COO
-With Zn
2+Cationic coordination); Three products all have 1072 cm
-1With 1112 cm
-1Characteristic peak (having represented the C-O-C stretching vibration), this is TEG characterization of molecules peak, this has proved that this derivative molecular just can be modified at the ZnO nanoparticle surface through co-ordination bond as long as polyoxyethylene glycol is oxidized to the form of carboxylic acid.Need to prove that when base excess, the carboxylic acid on ZnO surface all changes the form of carboxyl anion into, makes negative charge on the nanoparticle surface band, make stability raising, degree of aggregation decline, the emission wavelength blue shift of nanoparticle through the Coulomb repulsion effect.
Fig. 2 is the photo of product ethanol colloidal sol under uv lamp of embodiment 1~3, and the structural representation of embodiment 3 products.
Fig. 3 is the transmission electron microscope photo of embodiment 1~3 product.Can find out that on scheming the dispersiveness of ZnO nanoparticle improves with the increase of R, explain how many dispersiveness of nanoparticle and their surface charges are directly related.
Embodiment
Following examples all are that temperature of reaction is 20
oC, reaction times are completion in 48 hours, and this moment, reaction reached balance.
Embodiment 1Zn (Ac) with 2.2 g
22H
2The LiOHH of O and 0.63g
2O adds in the 100 mL Tri Ethyleneglycols (TEG), helps dissolving with high-speed stirring, and this moment, the acetic acid zinc concentration was mol ratio [LiOH]/[Zn of 0.1M and Lithium Hydroxide MonoHydrate
2+]=1.Normal temperature reaction down used ETHYLE ACETATE to obtain the gel of ZnO nanoparticle as the precipitation agent deposition after 48 hours.After using ETHYLE ACETATE that residue mother liquor is cleaned ZnO nanoparticle gel is dissolved in the small amount of ethanol, the dissolving back uses ETHYLE ACETATE once more with ZnO nanoparticle deposition fully, can obtain purified ZnO nanoparticle.The mensuration of quantum yield adopts the rhodamine 6G (quantum yield 95%) that is dissolved in the ethanolic soln as benchmark.
This method has utilized TEG that the ZnO surface is protected, and has obtained the stable ZnO nanoparticle.Under base catalysis, atmospheric oxidation condition, the TEG verivate has been modified on the ZnO surface, and ir spectra proof polymkeric substance is connected (accompanying drawing 1) with nanoparticle through covalent linkage.This material is launched the yellow fluorescence of ZnO characteristic under uv lamp, emission wavelength 533 nanometers, quantum yield 19% (accompanying drawing 2).The diameter of ZnO nanoparticle is about 3 nanometers (accompanying drawing 3), and degree of aggregation is higher, and reason is between carboxyl and the hydroxyl on surface hydrogen bond action to be arranged.This material can be scattered in multiple organic solvent and form stable sols, and like ethanol, polyoxyethylene glycol, methyl alcohol, chloroform or the like, luminosity is very stable.
Embodiment 2The preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, and zinc acetate concentration in reaction system remains 0.1 M, but feed ratio R=1.5 of Lithium Hydroxide MonoHydrate and zinc acetate, and other conditions are constant, finally obtain ZnO emission wavelength 511 nanometers, quantum yield 26%.
Embodiment 3The preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, and zinc acetate concentration in reaction system remains 0.1 M, but feed ratio R=2 of Lithium Hydroxide MonoHydrate and zinc acetate, and other conditions are constant, finally obtain ZnO emission wavelength 482 nanometers, quantum yield 25%.
Embodiment 4The preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, but adopts KOH as alkali, feed ratio R=1 of Pottasium Hydroxide and zinc acetate, and other conditions are constant, finally obtain ZnO emission wavelength 521 nanometers, quantum yield 18%.
Embodiment 5The preparation method is identical with embodiment 4, but feed ratio R=1.5 of Pottasium Hydroxide and zinc acetate, and other conditions are constant, finally obtain ZnO emission wavelength 510 nanometers, quantum yield 22%.
Embodiment 6The preparation method is identical with embodiment 4, but feed ratio R=2 of Pottasium Hydroxide and zinc acetate, and other conditions are constant, finally obtain ZnO emission wavelength 503 nanometers, quantum yield 26%.
Embodiment 7The preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, but adopts Ca (OH)
2As alkali, feed ratio R=1 of the hydroxide ion of calcium hydroxide and zinc acetate, other conditions are constant, finally obtain ZnO emission wavelength 506 nanometers, quantum yield 10%.
Embodiment 8The preparation method is identical with embodiment 7, but feed ratio R=1.5 of the hydroxide ion of calcium hydroxide and zinc acetate, and other conditions are constant, finally obtain ZnO emission wavelength 503 nanometers, quantum yield 24%.
Embodiment 9The preparation method is identical with embodiment 7, but feed ratio R=2 of the hydroxide ion of calcium hydroxide and zinc acetate, and other conditions are constant, finally obtain ZnO emission wavelength 501 nanometers, quantum yield 24%.
Embodiment 10The preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, but changes solvent into PEG200, and other conditions are constant, finally obtain ZnO emission wavelength 537 nanometers, quantum yield 18%.
Embodiment 11The preparation method is identical with embodiment 2, but changes solvent into PEG200, and other conditions are constant, finally obtain ZnO emission wavelength 522 nanometers, quantum yield 21%.
Embodiment 12The preparation method is identical with embodiment 3, but changes solvent into PEG200, and other conditions are constant, finally obtain ZnO emission wavelength 506 nanometers, quantum yield 24%.
Embodiment 13The preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, but changes solvent into PEG400, and other conditions are constant, finally obtain ZnO emission wavelength 549 nanometers, quantum yield 4%.
Embodiment 14The preparation method is identical with embodiment 2, but changes solvent into PEG400, and other conditions are constant, finally obtain ZnO emission wavelength 540 nanometers, quantum yield 12%.
Embodiment 15The preparation method is identical with embodiment 3, but changes solvent into PEG400, and other conditions are constant, finally obtain ZnO emission wavelength 518 nanometers, quantum yield 16%.
The foregoing description can be summarized as a form:
Embodiment | Alkali | R = [OH -] /[Zn 2+] | Solvent | Emission wavelength (nm) | Quantum yield (%) |
1 | |
1 | TEG | 533 | 19 |
2 | LiOH | 1.5 | TEG | 511 | 26 |
3 | LiOH | 2 | TEG | 482 | 25 |
4 | |
1 | TEG | 521 | 18 |
5 | KOH | 1.5 | TEG | 510 | 22 |
6 | |
2 | TEG | 503 | 25 |
7 | Ca(OH) 2 | 1 | TEG | 506 | 10 |
8 | Ca(OH) 2 | 1.5 | TEG | 503 | 24 |
9 | Ca(OH) 2 | 2 | TEG | 501 | 24 |
10 | LiOH | 1 | PEG200 | 537 | 18 |
11 | LiOH | 1.5 | PEG200 | 522 | 21 |
12 | LiOH | 2 | PEG200 | 506 | 24 |
13 | LiOH | 1 | PEG400 | 549 | 4 |
14 | LiOH | 1.5 | PEG400 | 540 | 12 |
15 | LiOH | 2 | PEG400 | 518 | 16 |
Can find out that from the foregoing description the factor that influences product ZnO luminescent properties mainly is feed ratio R and reaction solvent.R hour, luminescent properties is relatively poor, reason is that the product of polyoxyethylene glycol oxidation can not all change carboxyl anion and ZnO coordination into; And R is when big, and ZnO repels because surface negative charge strengthens each other, has suppressed the growth and the gathering of nanoparticle effectively.The molecular weight of polyoxyethylene glycol is also influential to the quality of ZnO, and the PEG that molecular weight is bigger is because steric restriction is difficult to modify nanoparticle surface, and the effect of protection is just poor.
Claims (7)
1. ZnO luminescent nanoparticle; It is characterized in that in polyethylene glycols solution, preparing through sol-gel method; Form by ZnO monocrystal particle and outer polymer group; Said polymeric groups is a deutero-negatively charged ion after the polyoxyethylene glycol oxidation, and the diameter of ZnO is regulated in 1~10 nanometer range; Size and surface state through control ZnO nanoparticle can make its emission wavelength in 460~560 nanometer range, change.
2. the preparation method of ZnO luminescent nanoparticle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that concrete steps comprise:
(1) the pressed powder of zinc acetate and metal hydroxides by 0.5~1 molar ratio, add in the polyethylene glycols organic solvent, the continuously stirring dissolving is directly 0~100
oReaction generates the luminous colloidal sol of ZnO under the C temperature.
3. the preparation method of ZnO luminescent nanoparticle as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that further comprising:
(2) upwards the reactant colloidal sol of step adds non-solvent, and volume is 3~5 times of former reaction soln, is settled out the gel of ZnO nanoparticle, separates with supercentrifuge;
(3) the gel redispersion of going up step forms the colloidal sol of stabilized illumination once more in absolute ethyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene glycol or chloroform organic solvent; These colloidal sols concentrate the back and adopt step (2) method to be settled out the ZnO gel, make purifying products.
4. like the preparation method of claim 2 or 3 described ZnO luminescent nanoparticles, it is characterized in that said metal hydroxides is Lithium Hydroxide MonoHydrate, sodium hydroxide, Pottasium Hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or hydrated barta.
5. like the preparation method of claim 2 or 3 described ZnO luminescent nanoparticles; It is characterized in that said polyoxyethylene glycol is a Tri Ethyleneglycol; Or molecular weight is 200,300 or 400 polyoxyethylene glycol, or molecular weight is 350 or 550 polyoxyethylene glycol monomethyl ether.
6. like the preparation method of claim 2 or 3 described ZnO luminescent nanoparticles, it is characterized in that regulating the molar ratio from 0.5 to 1 of zinc acetate and metal hydroxides, obtain the different product of glow color from blue light 460 nanometers to gold-tinted 560 nanometers.
7. like the preparation method of claim 2 or 3 described ZnO luminescent nanoparticles, it is characterized in that temperature through the control reaction, reaction speed with change concentration of reactants and feed ratio, regulate the emission wavelength and the quantum yield of final product.
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CN112745828A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-04 | Tcl集团股份有限公司 | Near-infrared quantum dot and preparation method and application thereof |
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