CN102320661A - Three-phase catalytic oxidation preparation technology of soluble chromate - Google Patents
Three-phase catalytic oxidation preparation technology of soluble chromate Download PDFInfo
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- CN102320661A CN102320661A CN201110261747A CN201110261747A CN102320661A CN 102320661 A CN102320661 A CN 102320661A CN 201110261747 A CN201110261747 A CN 201110261747A CN 201110261747 A CN201110261747 A CN 201110261747A CN 102320661 A CN102320661 A CN 102320661A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation technology of chromate, specifically to a three-phase catalytic oxidation preparation technology of soluble chromate. The technology comprises the following steps of: heating alkali liquor with concentration of 20-60% to 50-300 DEG C, then, mixing chromite or carbon ferrochrome with the alkali liquor according to mass ratio of Cr2O3 : alkali liquor = 1 : 1.5-10 to form suspending liquid, and introducing the suspending liquid into a reactor; continuously inputting the air or the oxygen heated to 50-300 DEG C to the bottom of the reactor through a pipeline; setting a catalyst in the reactor according to the mass ratio of catalyst : Cr2O3 = 0.1-1.5 : 100, maintaining the temperature of the suspending liquid in the reactor at 50-300 DEG C, executing gas-liquid-solid three-phase bubbling reaction for 0.5-6 hours to generate soluble chromate raw products and chromium residues; removing impurities through filtering and crystallization to obtain the chromate. With the three-phase catalytic oxidation preparation technology of the soluble chromate, Cr2O3 conversion rate is high, reaction speed is fast, energy consumption is low, residue quantity is low, environment pollution is less, equipment investment is low and corrosion is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technology for preparing chromic salt, be specifically related to the technology that a kind of triphase catalytic oxidation prepares dissolubility chromate.
Background technology
Sodium chromate-51Cr and potassiumchromate are common dissolubility chromates; Also be the basic material in the chromic salts industry, wherein Sodium chromate-51Cr is the important source material of preparation sodium dichromate 99, and potassiumchromate is the important source material of preparation SRM 935a; Sodium dichromate 99; Be purposes the most extensively, chromium compounds product that output is maximum, total type of world consumption commodity 10% relevant with the chromium series product says that in a sense chromium salt production has certain strategic position.China is the production and consumption country of sodium dichromate 99 maximum in the world, accounts for 30% of global production capacity.At present, China's sodium dichromate 99 throughput is 370,000 t/a, and 2009 YO are 270,000 t.
The technology of China's sodium dichromate 99 is main so that the calcium roasting method to be arranged still at present, accounts for 69 % of domestic aggregated capacity.Have the sodium dichromate 99 power consumption of calcium baked for producing high, contain that the chromium pollutant difficulty of governance is big, cost is high, big to environmental influence, contaminate environment is serious, is the root of the highly energy-consuming of chromic salts industry, high pollution.Therefore classified as high pollution, high ambient risk product by Environmental Protection Department, receive the concern of government and medium, country has put into effect a lot of laws, rules and the behavior of industry policy standard industry.So the new technology that a series of Sodium chromate-51Crs are produced under national policy guiding and CSR promotion comprises: Sodium chromate-51Cr, the inferior fused salt liquid phase oxidation style of potassium system, calcium-free roasting technology are produced in ferrochrome alkali dissolved oxygen system Sodium chromate-51Cr, the tower continuous liquid-phase oxidation of pneumatic fluidisation.Still exist certain problem in its practical application separately.
1, calcium-free roasting technology: calcium-free roasting technology is not added the calcic auxiliary material in process of production with respect to there being the calcium roasting method to be meant; Make its chromium slag rerum natura with have calcium chromium slag totally different; And then make that the rerum natura of slag is improved greatly, and anhydrous argillization material in the slag, nothing contains sexavalent chrome (Cr
6+) the sosoloid composition, be easy to efficiently embathe, do not contain the carcinogens yellow ultramarine in the slag, no calcium chromium slag can be smelted the croloy steel, realizes the zero release of chromium slag, realizes the production that cleans of chromic salts.Though the industriallization of this method, bigger but the chromium slag produces slag, the quantity of slag is 0.7-0.8 ton/ton, and energy consumption is higher, and ten thousand yuan of output value comprehensive energy consumption signature coals are 1.52t.
2, the inferior fused salt liquid phase oxidation style of potassium system: with chromite and potash is that potassiumchromate and downstream oxidation chrome green product are produced in the liquid stock phase oxidation.Use the unconventional medium reaction system of inferior fused salt; Set up inferior fused salt that efficient-cleaning transforms chromite resources and intend homogeneous phase atomic economy reaction/separate new process, novel method; Replace conventional high-temperature kiln gas-solid sinter process; The main reaction temperature is reduced to 300 ℃, chromium recovery ratio raising 20% by 1200 ℃ of old technologies, and energy consumption descends 20%.The chromoxide green production cost is compared with traditional technology and is descended about 10%, has eliminated the chromium slag, has contained chromium powder dirt exhaust emission from beginning of production.But this method can only the green product of manufacture order chromous oxide, and is that a series of chromium cpd products such as chromic trioxide, chromium powder tanning agent of raw material production can not adopt this manufactured with the sodium dichromate 99, can not satisfy the needs that the diversification of chromic salts enterprise is produced.
3, ferrochrome alkali dissolved oxygen system Sodium chromate-51Cr: with useless ferrochrome (ferrochrome powder) of metallurgical industry and liquid sodium hydroxide is that raw material adopts the pure oxygen oxidation; In hydrothermal system, realize the alkaline stripping of chromium; Produce chromic salt and by-product ferrochrome series pigments, process is capable of using autothermal reaction, this method is raw materials used comparatively single; And need 280 ℃ high temperature, 6MPa highly compressed hyperbaric environment.
4, Sodium chromate-51Cr is produced in the tower continuous liquid-phase oxidation of pneumatic fluidisation: with chromite ore fine and caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) is raw material; Utilize the pneumatic fluidization column pressurization of patent equipment to produce; This method only is raw material with the chromite ore fine, and air is an oxygenant, owing to there is not catalysts; Temperature of reaction pressure is higher relatively, and speed is slower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of raw material is wide, equipment drop into little, produce that the quantity of slag is few, environmental pollution is little and cut down the consumption of energy and the chromic salt preparation technology of equipment corrosion.
In order to address the above problem, the present invention provides a kind of triphase catalytic oxidation to prepare the technology of dissolubility chromate, includes following steps:
A, be that 20～60% alkali lye is heated to 50～300 ℃ with concentration, then according to Cr
2O
3: the mass ratio mixing trivalent chromium compound of alkali lye=1:1.5～10 constitutes suspension-s, and suspension-s is passed in the reactor drum;
B, will be heated to 50～300 ℃ of air or oxygens through the continuous input reactor of pipeline bottom;
C, reactor drum are according to catalyzer: Cr
2O
3The mass ratio of=0.1～15:100 is provided with catalyzer, keeps reactor drum inner suspension liquid temp at 50～300 ℃, and the gas-liquid-solid three-phase blistering reaction generated dissolubility chromate crude product and chromium slag in 0.5～6 hour;
D, warp filter, crystallization obtains chromic salt.
Further; According to requirements of actual production; Limiting the alkali lye described in the steps A is sodium hydroxide, yellow soda ash, Pottasium Hydroxide or salt of wormwood; The corresponding dissolubility chromate that generates is respectively Sodium chromate-51Cr, Sodium chromate-51Cr, potassiumchromate, potassiumchromate, and described trivalent chromium compound is chromite, carbon ferrochrome or contains the chromium waste.
Further, according to the present situation of business equipment, described reactor drum is the combination of reaction kettle, reaction tower or a plurality of reaction towers.
As preferred version, consider that this technology can further improve speed of response under the situation of pressurization, therefore in step C, keep the pressure of 0.1～0.8 MPa in the reactor drum.
As preferred version; The effect of combined catalyst and cost limit the one or more kinds of compsns in oxide compound, manganate and permanganate that catalyzer described in the step C is ozone, persulfide, superoxide, perferrate, nitrate salt, manganese, Sodium chromate-51Cr, sodium dichromate 99, the chromic trioxide.
With the preparation Sodium chromate-51Cr is example, and the effective constituent of reactant chromite or carbon ferrochrome is FeOCr
2O
3, Cr wherein
2O
3Under the condition of high temperature, high pressure and catalyzer, react as follows with sodium hydroxide and oxidizing gas:
2FeOCr
2O
3+ 8NaOH+3.5O
2 Catalyzer 4Na
2CrO
4+ Fe
2O
3+ 4H
2O
Obtain containing sodium hydroxide, Na after the reaction
2CrO
4With the solution of other water-soluble impurities and the solidliquid mixture of chromium slag.Obtain containing sodium hydroxide, Na after filtering out the chromium slag
2CrO
4Solution with other water-soluble impurities.Wherein the chromium slag is sent to steelworks steel-making after can passing through washing, detoxifcation.Filtrating adds after sodium hydroxide processes saturated solution, through subsequent techniques such as pervaporation, crystallization and removal of impurities, finally obtains chromium acid sodium solution, and Sodium chromate-51Cr can be used for preparing sodium dichromate.
The technology that the triphase catalytic oxidation of employing technical scheme of the present invention prepares dissolubility chromate has following advantage:
1, raw material is wide, and not only chromite ore fine is a raw material, but also can the ferrochrome powder, nearly all chromium cpd (solvable, insoluble) that contains is raw material, with potassium hydroxide solution replace sodium hydroxide solution, can directly prepare SRM 935a; Replace sodium hydroxide with yellow soda ash, can save separation of hydrogen sodium oxide step, the yellow soda ash direct reuse; Make oxygenant with the oxygen replaces air; Not only can reaction pressure be reduced; Speed up, also can avoid Carbon Dioxide in Air and sodium hydroxide (hydroxide) to generate yellow soda ash (salt of wormwood), reduce the carbonate difficult separation and recycling in the Sodium chromate-51Cr sepn process; As use ozone, can use no or little catalyzer.It is following to adopt yellow soda ash to prepare the reaction principle equation of Sodium chromate-51Cr:
2FeOCr
2O
3+ 4Na
2CO
3+ 3.5O
2 Catalyzer 4Na
2CrO
4+ Fe
2O
3+ 4CO
2
2, prepare the technology of Sodium chromate-51Cr than calcium-free roasting, it is under the prerequisite that guarantees higher reaction effect, and the equipment input is littler, and it is less that it produces quantity of slag, also reduced Cr
6+Pollution to environment.
3, owing to adopted the technology of triphase catalytic oxidation, through the use of catalyzer; Improved speed of reaction, reduced temperature of reaction and corrodibility, owing to make fuel without Sweet natural gas or coal dust; Reaction conversion ratio is high, but employing should technology ton product reducing emission of carbon dioxide 3.64 tons, reduces discharging 2.3 tons of chromium residues; Reduce discharging 50 kilograms of pollutent sexavalent chromes, practice thrift 1.3 tons of standard coal equivalents.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further detailed explanation:
Fig. 1 prepares the step block diagram of the process implementing example 1 of dissolubility chromate for triphase catalytic oxidation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Known concrete structure and characteristic are no longer set forth at this in the following proposal.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of triphase catalytic oxidation to prepare the technology of dissolubility chromate, includes following steps:
A, be that 20% sodium carbonate solution is heated to 150 ℃ with concentration, then according to Cr
2O
3: Na
2CO
3The mass ratio mixing chromite of=1:1.5 or carbon ferrochrome constitute suspension-s, and suspension-s is passed in the reaction kettle;
B, will be heated to 150 ℃ of air or oxygens and import reaction kettle bottom continuously through pipeline;
In the C, reaction kettle according to catalyzer: Cr
2O
3The mass ratio of=0.1:100 is provided with catalyzer; Catalyzer is the mixture of oxide compound, manganate and the permanganate of perferrate, nitrate salt, manganese; Keep reaction kettle inner and upper pressure at 0.1 MPa; Keep reaction kettle inner suspension liquid temp at 150 ℃, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase blistering reaction generated solubility chromic acid sodium crude product and chromium slag in 4 hours;
D, warp filter, crystallization obtains Sodium chromate-51Cr.
Temperature has been controlled at 150 ℃ in the entire reaction, and pressure-controlling is at 0.1 MPa, and the reaction times is 4 hours, wherein Cr
2O
3Transformation efficiency be 95%, slag rate is 15%, visible technology of the present invention has been practiced thrift energy consumption under the prerequisite that guarantees high conversion and high reaction rate, reduced equipment loss.
Embodiment 2
Concrete steps and embodiment 1 are basic identical, and distinctive points is the variation of reaction conditions and parameter:
A, be that 60% sodium hydroxide solution is heated to 300 ℃ with concentration, then according to Cr
2O
3: the mass ratio mixing carbon ferrochrome of NaOH=1:10 constitutes suspension-s, and suspension-s is passed in the reaction kettle;
B, will be heated to 300 ℃ of air or oxygens and import reaction kettle bottom continuously through pipeline;
In the C, reaction kettle according to catalyzer: Cr
2O
3The mass ratio of=15:100 is provided with catalyzer; Catalyzer is the mixture of oxide compound, persulfide, superoxide and the perferrate of manganese; Do not pressurize in reaction kettle inside; Keep reaction kettle inner suspension liquid temp at 300 ℃, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase blistering reaction generated solubility chromic acid sodium crude product and chromium slag in 0.5 hour;
D, obtain purified Sodium chromate-51Cr through filtration, crystallization and washing.
Temperature has been controlled at 300 ℃ in the entire reaction, and the reaction times is 0.5 hour, wherein Cr
2O
3Transformation efficiency be 97%, slag rate is 5%.
Embodiment 3
Concrete steps and embodiment 1 are basic identical, and distinctive points is the variation of reaction conditions and parameter:
A, be that 40% sodium hydroxide solution is heated to 50 ℃ with concentration, then according to Cr
2O
3: the mass ratio mixing chromite of NaOH=1:5 constitutes suspension-s, and suspension-s is passed in the reaction tower;
B, will be heated to 50 ℃ of air or oxygens and import reaction tower bottom continuously through pipeline;
In the C, reaction tower according to catalyzer: Cr
2O
3The mass ratio of=8:100 is provided with catalyzer; Catalyzer is the mixture of superoxide, Sodium chromate-51Cr and chromic trioxide; Keep reaction kettle inner and upper pressure at 0.5 MPa; Keep reaction kettle inner suspension liquid temp at 50 ℃, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase blistering reaction generated solubility chromic acid sodium crude product and chromium slag in 6 hours;
D, obtain purified Sodium chromate-51Cr through filtration, crystallization and washing.
Temperature has been controlled at 50 ℃ in the entire reaction, and pressure-controlling is at 0.5 MPa, and the reaction times is 6 hours, wherein Cr
2O
3Transformation efficiency be 97%, slag rate is 8%.
Embodiment 4
Provide a kind of triphase catalytic oxidation to prepare the technology of potassiumchromate, include following steps:
A, be that 20% potassium hydroxide solution is heated to 200 ℃ with concentration, then according to Cr
2O
3: the mass ratio mixing chromite of KOH=1:7 constitutes suspension-s, and suspension-s is passed in the reaction tower;
B, will be heated to 200 ℃ of oxygen and import reaction kettle tower portion continuously through pipeline;
In the C, reaction tower according to catalyzer: Cr
2O
3The mass ratio of=4:100 is provided with catalyzer; Catalyzer is the mixture of ozone, persulfide, superoxide; Keep reaction kettle inner and upper pressure at 0.8 MPa; Keep reaction tower inner suspension liquid temp at 200 ℃, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase blistering reaction generated solubility chromic acid potassium crude product and chromium slag in 5 hours;
D, warp filter, crystallization obtains potassiumchromate.
Temperature has been controlled at 200 ℃ in the entire reaction, and pressure-controlling is at 0.8 MPa, and the reaction times is 5 hours, wherein Cr
2O
3Transformation efficiency be 99%, slag rate is 10%, visible technology of the present invention has been practiced thrift energy consumption under the prerequisite that guarantees high conversion and high reaction rate, reduced equipment loss.
Main innovate point of the present invention is the combination of selection of catalysts and catalyzer, through with catalyst applications in phase reaction, thereby fast reaction speed, cut down the consumption of energy, reduce equipment loss, reduce chromium slag output.For other catalyzer and the combination thereof that limit and selection, the reaction conditions parameters of choice that drops on limited range internal reaction thing proportioning; Those of ordinary skills can obtain basic result under the prerequisite of performing creative labour, from above embodiment, inspiring, and repeat no more.
Above-described only is preferred implementation of the present invention; Should be understood that; For a person skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from technology of the present invention, can also make some improvement; These also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention, and these can not influence effect and practical applicability that the present invention implements.
Claims (5)
1. triphase catalytic oxidation prepares the technology of dissolubility chromate, it is characterized in that including following steps:
With concentration is that 20～60% alkali lye is heated to 50～300 ℃, then according to Cr
2O
3: the mass ratio mixing trivalent chromium compound of alkali lye=1:1.5～10 constitutes suspension-s, and suspension-s is passed in the reactor drum;
To be heated to 50～300 ℃ of air or oxygens through the continuous input reactor of pipeline bottom;
Reactor drum is according to catalyzer: Cr
2O
3The mass ratio of=0.1～15:100 is provided with catalyzer, keeps reactor drum inner suspension liquid temp at 50～300 ℃, and the gas-liquid-solid three-phase blistering reaction generated dissolubility chromate crude product and chromium slag in 0.5～6 hour;
Obtain chromic salt through filtration, crystallization.
2. triphase catalytic oxidation according to claim 1 prepares the technology of dissolubility chromate; It is characterized in that: the alkali lye described in the steps A is sodium hydroxide, yellow soda ash, Pottasium Hydroxide or salt of wormwood; The corresponding dissolubility chromate that generates is respectively Sodium chromate-51Cr, Sodium chromate-51Cr, potassiumchromate, potassiumchromate, and described trivalent chromium compound is chromite, carbon ferrochrome or contains the chromium waste.
3. triphase catalytic oxidation according to claim 1 prepares the technology of dissolubility chromate, it is characterized in that: described reactor drum is the combination of reaction kettle, reaction tower or a plurality of reaction towers.
4. triphase catalytic oxidation according to claim 1 prepares the technology of dissolubility chromate, it is characterized in that: in step C, keep the pressure of 0.1～0.8 MPa in the reactor drum.
5. triphase catalytic oxidation according to claim 1 prepares the technology of dissolubility chromate, it is characterized in that: catalyzer described in the step C is oxide compound, manganate and permanganate, Sodium chromate-51Cr, the sodium dichromate 99 of ozone, persulfide, superoxide, perferrate, nitrate salt, manganese, the one or more kinds of compsns in the chromic trioxide.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104276604A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-01-14 | 余华强 | Method for preparing chromate through caustic soda solid oxidization of chromite ore |
| CN104512931A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-15 | 湖北振华化学股份有限公司 | Chromite decomposing method through pressurizing liquid-phase oxidizing method and device used in the chromite decomposing method through the pressurizing liquid-phase oxidizing method |
| CN104512928A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-15 | 湖北振华化学股份有限公司 | Bubbling tower three-phase reaction apparatus for liquid-phase oxidation leaching of chromite, and method thereof |
| CN104512930A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-15 | 湖北振华化学股份有限公司 | Method for producing chromate by liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of chromite |
| CN104726689A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-06-24 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for decomposing chromite by low-temperature atmospheric-pressure fluidization |
| CN106745292A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-05-31 | 萍乡市利升科技有限公司 | A kind of Pneumatic fluidized tower of continuous production of potassium manganate and its application |
| CN107827156A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-03-23 | 陕西省商南县东正化工有限责任公司 | A kind of method that sodium chromate is prepared using chromic acid chromium |
| CN108358246A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-08-03 | 中南大学 | A kind of preparation method and application of chromium sodium ferrite material |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104512931A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-15 | 湖北振华化学股份有限公司 | Chromite decomposing method through pressurizing liquid-phase oxidizing method and device used in the chromite decomposing method through the pressurizing liquid-phase oxidizing method |
| CN104512928A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-15 | 湖北振华化学股份有限公司 | Bubbling tower three-phase reaction apparatus for liquid-phase oxidation leaching of chromite, and method thereof |
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| CN104726689A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-06-24 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for decomposing chromite by low-temperature atmospheric-pressure fluidization |
| CN104276604A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-01-14 | 余华强 | Method for preparing chromate through caustic soda solid oxidization of chromite ore |
| CN106745292A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-05-31 | 萍乡市利升科技有限公司 | A kind of Pneumatic fluidized tower of continuous production of potassium manganate and its application |
| CN107827156A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-03-23 | 陕西省商南县东正化工有限责任公司 | A kind of method that sodium chromate is prepared using chromic acid chromium |
| CN108358246A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-08-03 | 中南大学 | A kind of preparation method and application of chromium sodium ferrite material |
| CN108358246B (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2019-12-10 | 中南大学 | Preparation method and application of sodium ferrochrome material |
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Inventor after: Yuan Daijian Inventor after: Liu Guanghua Inventor after: Wang Zengxiang Inventor after: Yu Bing Inventor after: Xie Jiyun Inventor after: Gao Bo Inventor after: Zeng Shangping Inventor after: Yang Fei Inventor after: Zhang Yang Inventor after: Wang Haihong Inventor before: Yuan Daijian Inventor before: Wang Zengxiang Inventor before: Yu Bing Inventor before: Xie Jiyun Inventor before: Gao Bo Inventor before: Zhang Yang Inventor before: Wang Haihong Inventor before: Yun Fang Inventor before: Liu Guanghua |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: YUAN DAIJIAN WANG ZENGXIANG YU BING XIE JIYUN GAO BO ZHANG YANG WANG HAIHONG YUN FANG LIU GUANGHUA TO: YUAN DAIJIAN WANG ZENGXIANG YU BING XIE JIYUN GAO BO CENG SHANGPING YANG FEI ZHANG YANG WANG HAIHONG LIU GUANGHUA |
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