CN102308742A - Method for cultivating Zaozhong No.6 loquats - Google Patents
Method for cultivating Zaozhong No.6 loquats Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102308742A CN102308742A CN201110215639A CN201110215639A CN102308742A CN 102308742 A CN102308742 A CN 102308742A CN 201110215639 A CN201110215639 A CN 201110215639A CN 201110215639 A CN201110215639 A CN 201110215639A CN 102308742 A CN102308742 A CN 102308742A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fruit
- branch
- shoot
- loquat
- amputation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating Zaozhong No.6 loquats, which belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation. The purpose of the invention is to solve the technical problems that: under the climatic conditions of high atmospheric temperature in winter and spring, sufficient sunlight in the four seasons and large temperature difference between day and night, the total flowering rate of Zaozhong No.6 loquats is low, the early blossoming proportion is high, the fruit-setting rate is low, fruits are small and sour, and the fruits can hardly become commodities. The method includes the following steps: (a) pre-pruning; (b) cutting off the apical buds of early blossoming base shoots of Zaozhong No.6 loquats, and promoting resprouted shoots; moreover, choosing offshoots on the bases of spike-stalks to remain; cutting off all offshoots on spring shoots; and using the resprouted shoots and the offshoots on the bases of the spike-stalks as preliminary bearing base shoots; (c) cultivating the bearing base shoots; (d) stopping shooting, and promoting blossoming; (e) controlling pests at the flowering stage, and increasing the fruit-setting rate; (f) managing fruits. When the method is adopted, early blossoming is overcome, the total flowering rate is high, the yield is high, the quality of the fruits and the percentage of commercial fruits are sufficiently increased, and an unexpected effect is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fruit growing field, be specifically related to No. six loquat breeding methods of a kind of clock morning.
Background technology
Early No. six loquats of clock are to be female parent with liberation clock loquat, are that the paternal hybrid seed selection forms with the early living loquat of gloomy tail.This kind is planted and was begun the examination fruit on the 2nd year, and strain is produced about 2～3 kilograms; Went into full operation in the 3rd year, strain is produced about 10～15 kilograms, than the listing in 15～20 days ahead of time of general loquat.This kind precocity, high-quality, fruit are big, resistance, high and stable yield is good, the market competitiveness is strong, economic benefit is high, favored by orchard worker and consumer.
The cultivation method of No. six loquats of clock morning is in the prior art:
One, field planting
Loquat is avoided ponding most and causes mould, and the garden is built on the level land should open the zanjon draining, lowering of watertable; At the hypsography low-lying place, answer the high furrow of zanjon to build pier, after planting year by year soil moved in to improve the original increase.The garden is built in the mountain region will carry out water and soil conservation, and the gradient is answered terracing more than 5 ℃, at least 3 meters of terraced fields face widths waiting high surface planting to plant below 5 ℃.But at least soil layer more than 60～80 centimetres to be arranged.Usually use biennial seedlings during field planting, implantation time can cut off partial blade when planting before the rudiment in spring, and root dips in mud; Water immediately after the field planting, no rain in 1～2 week should continue to water to becoming alive, and 4～5 meters of seeding row spacings are planted 29～38 strains for every mu.
Two, rich water quality management
1, fertilising: loquat not as a result treelet apply fertilizer in 1 year 5～6 times, through 2 months to 1 first quarter moons 1 time.Do not execute February in December to next year.Become in the annual bearer 1 year 3～4 times.Concrete time and consumption are following:
(1) reaches summer shoot after the fruit picking and take out the living phase: mainly be to recover tree vigo(u)r, promote summer shoot to take out and give birth to and flower bud differentiation.Should combine with slow-release fertilizer with quick-acting, fertilizing amount is 30%～40% of an annual consumption.
(2) Hua Qianfei: October bud appear, in conjunction with applying fertilizer behind the root that dries in the air before spending, be the 30%-40% of annual consumption.With farmyard manure is main, an amount of chemical fertilizer.11～December is top dressing repeatedly, in conjunction with the winter protection hormone spraying.
(3) young fruit expanding stage before the spring tip is taken out and sent out: before the spring in 2～March, the tip was sprouted, to fruit thinning, apply immediately late, expand to inspire the spring tip and young fruit, fertilizing amount is about annual 30%-20%.
(4) the rapid expanding stage of young fruit: general is main in the middle and later periods of fruit development with top dressing, in conjunction with diseases and pests controlling, sprays 2-4 time.Mix mutually with 3% superphosphate with 0.3% urea, to promote that fruit increases, annesl.
2, intercropping and farming: childhood, the space ground of Loquat Garden seeding row spacing was more, and intercropping beans, vegetables and short-term crops of short stem are like kind potato etc. in spring.
Adult Loquat Garden generally adopts clean tillage; In recent years also adopt behind the natural grass before 7～August arid season, spray herbicide covers to kill the grass type face of land, in case arid.Digging spring combines fertilising, makes the loosing soil after surviving the winter.At front and back early and middle ten days in November in the Beginning of Winter, plough deeply comprehensively, in conjunction with the root that dries in the air, use sufficient fertilizer for the third time.Dark 15～25 centimetres, be called and turn over winter soil, can protect fertile water retaining and antifreezing.
3, draining and pouring water: southern plum rain season, excessive rainfall very easily cause dehiscent fruit, and gently then local flavor is thin out, and sugar descends, and be heavy then cause that root growth is bad dead with part, so will carry out drainage works.Should be when high temperature is calm in sooner or later to the tree crown spray cooling.
Three, tree crown management
1, shaping: the loquat shaping mainly contains trunk shape, become then trunk shape, common layering shape, two laminar cup-like shapes, downgrade tree-like etc., general adopt downgrade tree-like relatively good; Its main purpose is typhoon protection invasion and attack and convenient management.This dwarfing is tree-like begin to cause with trunk shape the same, go into fruiting period after, descend from level to level, only stay 4 major branch branches at last to the four directions, the height of tree is no more than 3 meters, it is high about 60 centimetres that trunk is liftoff., rich water quality management strong at tree vigo(u)r is good, the age of tree is no more than 30 years trunk shapes, layering shape, double-deck cup-like shape below lifes etc., and tree-like all can be transformed into dwarfing tree-like.Dredge from top to bottom and remove above each layer major branch of ground floor, at last trunk is also clipped; When transforming, secondary major branch and fruit bearing shoot group on the ground floor major branch have been equipped with.Every big wound of clipping will be protected, 1 year and the suitable bud of being sprouted of extracing.
2, prune: pruning period is that next branch is taken out before death after current branch stops growing, thus treelet before rudiment, the spring tip take out give birth to back, summer shoot take out give birth to the back, autumn growth all can be pruned after taking out and giving birth to; Generally be to take out secondary before death with summer shoot before the rudiment.Once pruning after gathering is that loquat is adult once most important, urgent.Pruning technique has bud picking, dredge and to delete or cutting back is closely given birth to branch, branch behind fruit bearing shoot and the result is pruned, and the pruning of water sprout etc.
(1) bud picking: in order to make major branch, secondary major branch and branch configuration set, after sprouting, will select direction, the position of skeleton branch, the branch of concentrating nutrient cultivation position, angle, direction to suit.The bud thinning time spring tip is between 3～April, and summer shoot is in 5～July, and autumn growth is in 9～October.
(2) close living branch cutting back or thin deleting: there is 1～5 lateral bud can take out living branch below the loquat terminal bud, according to the branch situation, general 1～3, remaining excision;
(3) the thin bearing basal shoot of deleting: the bearing basal shoot of full tree is 3: 2 with the ratio of developmental branch; If developmental branch is very few, will cut off institute's fruit bearing shoot of taking out and last flower fringe thereof on a part of bearing basal shoot, make it become developmental branch; Become bearing basal shoot next year once more, in case biennial bearing takes place.
(4) pruning of fruit bearing shoot behind the result: fruit picking cuts off from base portion weak fruit bearing shoot simultaneously or gather.And healthy and strong fruit bearing shoot can stay 2 blades of base portion to cut, and short its extracted good summer shoot out.
(5) summer shoot taken out behind the result is dredged deleted: just begun the result and the tree that just goes into the full bearing period, sometimes before gathering, just taken out at the fruit ear base portion and to give birth to summer shoot morning, stayed that 1～3 growth is strong, orientation, angle are good makes it become healthy and strong branch, its co-meager is deleted or cutting back.
(6) to the pruning of water sprout: loquat childhood tree transform tree-like or high-grafting in, water sprout very easily takes place; At first it is made full use of, moreover renovation and utilization, wipe out from base portion again as useless really.
3, loquat flower and fruit thinning
The flower thinning fringe: bearing basal shoot accounts for full tree and gave birth to branch 60% in 1～2 year, and just setting on the branch that 60-70% is arranged entirely behind the fall flowering has Hua Sui, and unnecessary should be early to extract, and keeps the colored fringe of interior thorax of tree crown and middle and lower part, the colored fringe of excision periphery and middle and upper part.
Flower thinning flower bud: when an inflorescence has just come into bloom or do not bloomed, extract middle part fulcrum (together with line shaft) on the flower fringe, stay 2～4 fulcrums of base portion;
Fruit thinning: every fringe stays the fruit number, should decide according to shoot growth strong and weak (the big number of sheets on it).Dredge earlier and go freeze injury fruit, malformed fruit, sick wormed fruit and fruitlet.Stay then to around the fruit of growth that scatters, have 2～3 crowded together, must dredge wherein 1.Preferably carry out bagging after the fruit thinning, can adopt blank sheet of paper, template, brown paper and black glazed paper bagging.
Four, main diseases pest control
The main insect pest of loquat has loquat yellow caterpillar, aphid etc., disease to mainly contain leaf spot, anthracnose etc., in time prevents and treats, and guarantees stable high yield.Loquat yellow caterpillar can be killed 5000～6000 times of liquid sprayings of chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate with 20%.Leaf spot, anthracnose can be used 500～600 times of liquid sprayings of 50% topsin 1～2 time.
Though perhaps regional No. six loquat article of the clock morning fruit shape of fine quality of planting with above-mentioned art methods training of other minorities is big in Fujian Province; But when it is high to winter-spring air temperature by transplanting, four seasons illumination is sufficient, day and night temperature is big when regional; Like Xichang, Sichuan, Panzhihua Region, some areas, Yunnan etc., early the advantage of No. six loquats of clock has not just existed yet, and has following two subject matters: the one, because Climatic issues; Flowering stage and the fruit picking phase length of stalling for time; The early blossoming especially severe is bloomed in January June to next year successively, and fruit maturation is all arranged May September to next year; Because spending basically of opening for 6～September can not setting, once in a while setting also little, the flavor acid of cause and effect be difficult to form commodity, so this batch perianth is called early blossoming, the branch of leaving early blossoming is called spray early.The 2nd, the assembly flower rate of the loquat after transplanting is low, be about 60～70%, and the Fujian Province loquat becomes the flower rate to be about 80～90%.Assembly flower rate is low, and the early blossoming ratio is high, and optimum period Cheng Hualiang wretched insufficiency causes continuing to use under the situation of nonlocal cultivation management technology in winter-spring air temperature height, four seasons illumination abundance, day and night temperature major region, and early the economic flow rate of No. six loquats of clock is very low.
In order to promote that winter-spring air temperature is high, four seasons illumination is sufficient, the agro based economic development of day and night temperature major region, be badly in need of a kind of method of No. six loquats of clock early of under this kind weather conditions, cultivating at present.The inventor through long-term test, has explored a kind of method of No. six loquats of clock early of cultivating to this kind weather conditions.
Summary of the invention
To be solved by this invention is that early No. six loquat assemblies flowers of clock rate is low under winter-spring air temperature height, four seasons illumination abundance, day and night temperature macroclimate condition, and the early blossoming ratio is high, and percentage of fertile fruit is low, fruit is little, the sour technical problem that is difficult to form commodity of distinguishing the flavor of.
The present invention solve the technical problem the technical scheme that is adopted and provides No. six loquat breeding methods of a kind of clock morning, and this method comprises the steps:
A, sprout the previous crops preparation at the spring tip and prune, improve light transmission and the air permeability of fruit tree;
B, amputation be No. six loquat early blossoming of clock basal shoot terminal bud early, inspires the regeneration branch; And the cob base portion side shoot of selecting and remain; All spring tip side shoots of amputation; With said regeneration branch and cob base portion side shoot as the bearing basal shoot for preparing;
C, cultivate the bearing basal shoot of preparation, make the bearing basal shoot of preparation sturdy, nutrient accumulation fully, balance;
The measure of the short flower of the tip is launched and taked to stop when beginning to change green to d, the top vane that newly grows when branch more than half;
E, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in the florescence improve percentage of fertile fruit;
F, young fruit grow ripening period and carry out the fruit management;
G, fruit harvesting: 1～March fruit maturation, gather.
Said basal shoot is the basic branch that points to living terminal bud (bud or leaf bud), said early blossoming basal shoot be meant might open the basic branch of early blossoming.Said regeneration branch is meant the branch of newly taking out because of the amputation terminal bud.Said cob base portion side shoot is meant from the side shoot of flower cob and the sprouting of fruit ear axle base portion.The said short flower of the tip that stops is meant the extraction growth that stops branch, promotes flower bud differentiation to bloom.
Wherein, No. six loquat early blossoming of said amputation clock morning of step b basal shoot terminal bud is meant in the said method: in spring tip germination process, extract all ripe terminal buds and the spring tip center branch terminal bud of sprouting soon outside the expel stagnation fruit branch, the ripe Da Ye of not amputation; Further, for spray cob morning of last one year of shedding, its immature winter tip side shoot of amputation, and from blade amputation flower cob is arranged.Above-mentioned branch all is the branch that possibly open early blossoming, thus branch or terminal bud are given amputation, in order to inspire the regeneration branch.
Said shedding be meant fruit also during prematurity since a variety of causes drop.
Wherein, the said cob base portion side shoot of selecting and remain of step b is meant delaying the fruit ear in March picking time in the said method, reserves the cob base portion side shoot of sprouting after mid-February, and all the other cob base portion side shoots all should amputation.
Wherein, The measure that the bearing basal shoot of the said cultivation preparation of step c adopts in the said method is to improve fruit tree light and airing property through pruning; And sprout from the female branch of preliminary result and before buddingging, to execute nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer; And applying organic manure, reach make that the female branch of preliminary result is sturdy, nutrient accumulation fully, the purpose of balance.
Further, the said weight proportion of executing nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer is: nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=1: 1.2: 1.2.
Wherein, the said measure that stops the short flower of the tip of steps d comprises in the said method: 1. with containing 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% borax mixed liquor in fine day spray tree crown twice, each 10 days at interval; 2. be completely cured and urge flower; 3. be pulled to the ground floor major branch horizontal; 4. the basal shoot of the bearing basal shoot of all preparations is turned round 270 ° at the tip, xylem is sustained damage.
Wherein, the measure that the said fruit of step f administrative institute adopts in the said method is to extract late flower, fruit thinning, bagging and execute fruit-promoting fertilizer.
The inventive method specifically can adopt following mode to implement: No. six loquat breeding methods of clock morning comprise the steps:
A, sprout the previous crops preparation at the spring tip and prune, improve light transmission and the air permeability of fruit tree;
B, amputation be No. six loquat early blossoming of clock basal shoot terminal bud early, inspires the regeneration branch; And the cob base portion side shoot of selecting and remain; All spring tip side shoots of amputation; With said regeneration branch and cob base portion side shoot as the bearing basal shoot for preparing;
Said amputation early No. six loquat early blossoming of clock basal shoot terminal bud is meant: in spring tip germination process, extract all ripe terminal buds and the spring tip center branch terminal bud of sprouting soon outside the expel stagnation fruit branch, the ripe Da Ye of not amputation; For spray cob morning of last one year of shedding, its immature winter tip side shoot of amputation, and from blade amputation flower cob is arranged;
The said cob base portion side shoot of selecting and remain is meant delaying the fruit ear in March picking time, reserves the cob base portion side shoot of sprouting after mid-February, and all the other cob base portion side shoots all should amputation;
C, cultivate the bearing basal shoot of preparation, make the bearing basal shoot of preparation sturdy, nutrient accumulation fully, balance; The measure that the female branch of said cultivation preliminary result adopts is to improve fruit tree light and airing property through pruning; And sprout from the female branch of preliminary result and before buddingging, to execute nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer; And applying organic manure, reach make that bearing basal shoot is sturdy, nutrient accumulation fully, the purpose of balance; The said weight proportion of executing nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer is: nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=1: 1.2: 1.2;
The measure of the short flower of the tip is launched and taked to stop when beginning to change green to d, the top vane that newly grows when branch more than half; The said measure that stops the short flower of the tip comprises: 1. with containing 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% borax mixed liquor in fine day spray tree crown twice, each 10 days at interval; 2. be completely cured and urge flower; 3. be pulled to the ground floor major branch horizontal; 4. the basal shoot of the female branch of all preliminary results is turned round 270 ° at the tip, xylem is sustained damage;
E, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in the florescence improve percentage of fertile fruit;
F, young fruit grow ripening period and carry out the fruit management; The measure that said fruit administrative institute adopts is to extract evening flower, fruit thinning, bagging and execute fruit-promoting fertilizer;
G, fruit harvesting.
The beneficial effect of the inventive method is: the inventive method is mainly through amputation early blossoming basal shoot terminal bud; Inspire regeneration branch, the as a result of female branch of the cob base portion side shoot of selecting and remain; That all spring tip side shoots of amputation, the method for combine to cultivate bearing basal shoot again, stopping the short flower of the tip are cultivated is high at winter-spring air temperature, four seasons illumination is sufficient, No. six loquats of clock morning under the day and night temperature macroclimate condition, has overcome early blossoming, assembly flower rate is high, output is high; And the loquat soluble solid content is high; Fully improved the percentage of fruit quality and commodity fruit, fruit can be controlled in ripe around the Spring Festival, has remarkable economic efficiency; Obtained unforeseeable effect, and this method has obtained success commercial.
Embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of clock morning No. six loquat breeding methods, and No. six loquat breeding methods of clock morning in a kind of, four seasons illumination is sufficient, day and night temperature is big weather high at winter-spring air temperature particularly are provided, and this method may further comprise the steps:
1, to cultivation the big five-pointed star loquat of tailo, before the spring tip is sprouted, be i.e. early December, do preparation and prune, wipe out close, weak, sick worm and branch such as sagging, improve light transmission and the air permeability of fruit tree, prepare for inspiring bearing basal shoot.
2, No. six loquat early blossoming of amputation clock morning basal shoot terminal bud inspires the regeneration branch; And the cob base portion side shoot of selecting and remain; All spring tip side shoots of amputation; With said regeneration branch and cob base portion side shoot as the bearing basal shoot for preparing.
1. the big five-pointed star loquat of amputation early blossoming basal shoot terminal bud in the spring tip germination process inspires the regeneration branch.The branch of amputation comprises three types: outer all the ripe terminal buds of expel stagnation fruit branch, sprout soon spring tip center branch terminal bud, spray floral axis early.Processing method to preceding two types of branch is to refer to and forefinger excision terminal bud that with mother be not with ripe Da Ye, the overweight branch of cutting back is prone to excessive growth, is difficult to into colored then.To shedding in the first year morning the spray floral axis processing method be that the tip side shoot of immature winter of amputation is from there being blade amputation flower cob.
2. the cob base portion side shoot of selecting and remain: to the delay March fruit ear of (late spring), reserve the cob base portion side shoot of sprouting after mid-February, all the other cob base portion side shoots all should amputation picking time.
3, cultivate the bearing basal shoot of preparation, make the bearing basal shoot of preparation sturdy, nutrient accumulation fully, balance.
The target of cultivating the bearing basal shoot of preparation is to make all kinds of bearing basal shoots that inspire look short and thick, sturdy, and nutrient accumulation is sufficient, balance.Thick 0.8～the 1.2cm of the female branch of ideal results, long 12～14cm.The measure of the bearing basal shoot of cultivation preparation is: through pruning, promptly dredge processing such as branch pruning, retraction, regeneration branch and spring tip side shoot bud picking, it is moderate to make tree crown not intersect, stay branch to be measured, and improves the light and airing property of fruit tree; And sprout before budding from bearing basal shoot must rational application of fertilizers, applying organic manure, and the weight proportion of executing nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer is: nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=1: 1.2: 1.2 (rational application of fertilizers, phosphorus potassium is slightly laid particular stress on), must guard against inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application.As under few, the situation that tree vigo(u)r is prosperous partially of result quantities in the first year, the partial regeneration branch can be sprouted lateral bud after mid-April, and the lateral bud of amputation is in time guaranteed terminal bud nutrient accumulation abundance.
4, mid-June is to mid-July, and the measure of the short flower of the tip is launched and taked to stop when beginning to change green to the top vane that branch more than half newly grow.
The purpose of stopping the short flower of the tip is to impel bearing basal shoot to stop the tip in late June to mid-July; Induce the tip terminal bud that stops more than 50% to pass through the bud physiological differentiation 7～August, budding 8～September, and get into full-bloom stage 10～November, improves into colored rate, at fruit maturation in February next year to April.Loquat stops that the differentiation direction of terminal bud plays pendulum behind the tip summer, or the differentiation leaf bud makes autumn growth become vegetative shoot, or the differentiation bud is taken out and sent out an autumn growth flower fringe.Stop the tip and urge to spend the time of handling very crucial, should when branch top vane more than half are launched and begun to change green, stop short the spending of the tip and handle.Handle too early, the terminal bud nutrient accumulation is insufficient, also is difficult to break up bud even stop the tip; Handle evening, and can miss the required hot conditions of flower bud differentiation.
Early No. six loquats of clock should take four kinds of aggregate measures to stop the short flower processing of the tip simultaneously: 1. with containing 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% borax mixed liquor in fine day spray tree crown twice, each 10 days at interval.2. be completely cured and urge flower.At the tree crown drip with interior 50cm place, excavate two be parallel to each other, dark wide each 30cm, the groove of being completely cured of long 200cm (next year can be dug the groove of being completely cured other the two sides) processing of being completely cured.Further, the groove of being completely cured is linked to each other with the drain ditch, avoid ponding in the groove, after buddingging Hua Qianfei imposed in the groove of being completely cured earth backing again.3. be pulled to the ground floor major branch horizontal.Draw branch operation like thick being difficult to carry out of major branch, can use earlier the fruit saw draw an angle of release place with major branch from sawing 3～5 dark opennings earthward for branch footpath 1/3～1/2, draw branch to handle again.To drawing the living major branch of tilting upward again behind the branch, the flex point place that Ying Zaiqiao gives birth to draws branch to handle as secondary.4. the basal shoot of the female branch of all preliminary results is turned round 270 ° at the tip, xylem is sustained damage.
5, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in the florescence improves percentage of fertile fruit.
Improving percentage of fertile fruit is in order to make each flower fringe setting of big five-pointed star flower in 10～November be no less than 6, to provide safeguard for realizing the high yield and the fruit thinning of roguing.Control florescence damage by disease and insect: budding to flowering stage emphasis adopt the trapping of desinsection lamp, mode that agricultural chemicals is killed to combine with the manual catching and killing prevents and treats dichocrocis punctiferalis and oriental fruit moth.Initial bloom stage is later on thiophanate methyl and carbendazim control flower fringe rot.
6, young fruit grows ripening period and carries out fruit management.
The fruit management is in order to reduce the loss of fruit in maturation, to improve the percentage of fruit quality and commodity fruit.Young fruit grows maturation behind the full-bloom stage, all belongs to the category of fruit management.Concrete measure is following: 1. fruit thinning.When reaching 1.5cm, the fruit transverse diameter carries out fruit thinning.2～3 pieces of fruits are stayed in the every ear selection of large fruit kind, 3～4 pieces of middle fruit type kinds, and sturdy fruit ear can suitably stay more.Stay fruit want the form slection shape rectify with of the same size, askew shape, little shape with all should extracing of turning to be yellow.The ripe back of interior thorax fruit fineness is good, can suitably stay more.Really too much really shape is little if stay, and sugariness is poor, ripe inconsistent and maturing stage prolongation.2. bagging.Fruit thinning is bagging immediately behind the fruit surely, and is better with nonwoven (tissue paper type) bag bagging strong but pliable in texture, that printing opacity is ventilative, can use year after year.During bagging, should avoid wiping fruit face fine hair, prevent to cause rust staining.3. execute fruit-promoting fertilizer.This is an emphasis fertilising, with the base manure no less important at the beginning of the year.Fruit-promoting fertilizer can divide once or twice to be used.Before the Beginning of Winter, fruit must be grown up, if survive the winter with fruitlet, the ripe phase is just late.4. extract the flower in evening.To late October have that late the flowers are in blossom goes out, need extract from the flowers base portion.If there is autumn growth to extract out, can regardless of, or dredge branch at Mi Shengchu.
7, fruit harvesting is cut from carpopodium with fruit when loquat is ripe and cut, and is big or small according to fruit then, the quality five equilibrium is grade packaged.
Through embodiment the inventive method is done further to describe below, but the scope of therefore the present invention not being protected is limited among the scope of embodiment.
Embodiment one usefulness the inventive method and art methods are cultivated No. six loquats of clock early
Used agricultural chemicals of present embodiment and chemical fertilizer market are all on sale.
2005-2006 2 years; The applicant is respectively in A (place: bajiao banana mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo village, Panzhihua City Bing Gu town 9 societies experimental field; 3.4 mu of areas), experimental field B (place: bajiao banana mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo village, Panzhihua Bing Gu town 16 societies, 3.7 mu of areas), experimental field C (place: Panzhihua Baima town farming family village 8 societies, 2.8 mu of areas), D (place: unity village, Panzhihua Yu Men town experimental field; 7.2 mu of areas) No. six loquats of clock morning are tested; Select the representative loquat of five strains to adopt art methods (method of introducing in the background technology) to cultivate in each test site, adopt the inventive method to cultivate, see table 2 about the situation of the age of tree to remaining loquat of each test site.Adopt the concrete measure of No. six loquats of the inventive method cultivation clock morning following:
1, to cultivation the big five-pointed star loquat of tailo, before the spring tip is sprouted, be i.e. early December, do preparation and prune, wipe out close, weak, sick worm and branch such as sagging, improve light transmission and the air permeability of fruit tree, prepare for inspiring bearing basal shoot.
2, amputation No. six loquat early blossoming of clock early basal shoot terminal bud inspires the regeneration branch, and the cob base portion side shoot of selecting and remain, all spring tip side shoots of amputation, with said regeneration branch and cob base portion side shoot as the bearing basal shoot for preparing.
1. the big five-pointed star loquat of amputation early blossoming basal shoot terminal bud in the spring tip germination process inspires the regeneration branch.The branch of amputation comprises three types: outer all the ripe terminal buds of expel stagnation fruit branch, sprout soon spring tip center branch terminal bud, spray floral axis early.Processing method to preceding two types of branch is, refers to and forefinger is extractd terminal bud with mother, is not with ripe Da Ye.To shedding in the first year morning the spray floral axis processing method be that the tip side shoot of immature winter of amputation is from there being blade amputation flower cob.
2. the cob base portion side shoot of selecting and remain: to the delay March fruit ear of (late spring), reserve the cob base portion side shoot of sprouting after mid-February, all the other cob base portion side shoots all should amputation picking time.
3, cultivate the female branch of preliminary result, make that the female branch of preliminary result is sturdy, nutrient accumulation fully, balance.
The measure of cultivating preliminary result mother branch is: through pruning, promptly dredge processing such as branch pruning, retraction, regeneration branch and spring tip side shoot bud picking, it is moderate to make tree crown not intersect, stay branch to be measured, and improves the light and airing property of fruit tree; And sprout before budding from the female branch of preliminary result must rational application of fertilizers, applying organic manure, and the weight proportion of executing nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer is: nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=1: 1.2: 1.2 (rational application of fertilizers, phosphorus potassium is slightly laid particular stress on), must guard against inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application.For under few, the situation that tree vigo(u)r is prosperous partially of result quantities in the first year, the partial regeneration branch can be sprouted lateral bud after mid-April, and the lateral bud of amputation is in time guaranteed terminal bud nutrient accumulation abundance.
4, mid-June is to mid-July, and the measure of the short flower of the tip is launched and taked to stop when beginning to change green to the top vane that branch more than half newly grow.
When branch top vane more than half are launched and begun to change green, stopping the short flower of the tip handles; Early No. six loquats of clock should take four kinds of aggregate measures to stop the short flower processing of the tip simultaneously: 1. with containing 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% borax mixed liquor in fine day spray tree crown twice, each 10 days at interval.2. be completely cured and urge flower.At the tree crown drip with interior 50cm place, excavate two be parallel to each other, dark wide each 30cm, the processing of being completely cured of the groove of being completely cured of long 200cm.Further, the groove of being completely cured is linked to each other with the drain ditch, avoid ponding in the groove, after buddingging Hua Qianfei imposed in the groove of being completely cured earth backing again.3. be pulled to the ground floor major branch horizontal.Draw branch operation for thick being difficult to carry out of major branch, can use earlier the fruit saw draw an angle of release place with major branch from sawing 3～5 dark opennings earthward for branch footpath 1/3～1/2, draw branch to handle again.To drawing the living major branch of tilting upward again behind the branch, the flex point place that Ying Zaiqiao gives birth to draws branch to handle as secondary.4. the basal shoot of the female branch of all preliminary results is turned round 270 ° at the tip, xylem is sustained damage.
5, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in the florescence improves percentage of fertile fruit.
Budding to flowering stage emphasis adopt the trapping of desinsection lamp, mode that agricultural chemicals is killed to combine with the manual catching and killing prevents and treats dichocrocis punctiferalis and oriental fruit moth.Initial bloom stage is later on thiophanate methyl and carbendazim control flower fringe rot.
6, young fruit grows ripening period and carries out fruit management.
Young fruit grows maturation behind the full-bloom stage, all belongs to the category of fruit management.Concrete measure is following: 1. fruit thinning.When reaching 1.5cm, the fruit transverse diameter carries out fruit thinning.2～3 pieces of fruits are stayed in the every ear selection of large fruit kind, 3～4 pieces of middle fruit type kinds, and sturdy fruit ear suitably stays more.Stay fruit want the form slection shape rectify with of the same size, askew shape, little shape with all should extracing of turning to be yellow.The ripe back of interior thorax fruit fineness is good, suitably stays more.2. bagging.Fruit thinning is bagging immediately behind the fruit surely, and is better with nonwoven (tissue paper type) bag bagging strong but pliable in texture, that printing opacity is ventilative, can use year after year.During bagging, should avoid wiping fruit face fine hair, prevent to cause rust staining.3. execute fruit-promoting fertilizer.This is an emphasis fertilising, with the base manure no less important at the beginning of the year.The fruit-promoting fertilizer application in two dressings.Before the Beginning of Winter, fruit must be grown up, if survive the winter with fruitlet, the ripe phase is just late.4. extract the flower in evening.To late October have that late the flowers are in blossom goes out, extract from the flowers base portion.If there is autumn growth to extract out, can regardless of, or dredge branch at Mi Shengchu.
7, carry out fruit harvesting 1 to March, cut from carpopodium with fruit when loquat is ripe and cut, big or small according to fruit then, the quality five equilibrium is grade packaged.
05, gathered in 06 year after, we find that No. six loquats of clock morning of cultivating with art methods become the flower rate low, the early blossoming ratio is high; Percentage of fertile fruit is low, fruit is little, flavor is sour, and it is low to form commodity rate, and No. six loquats of clock morning of cultivating with the inventive method do not have early blossoming; Percentage of fertile fruit is high, and fruit is big, flavor is sweet, and it is high to form commodity rate; Average concrete Fruit Economic Traits and the commodity value of No. six loquats of clock morning of statistics seen table 1, and clock No. six loquats always increase income situation and see table 2 morning in 2 years.
Table 1 is No. six loquat economic characters of clock and the commodity value table of comparisons early
Table 2 is No. six loquat increasing both production and income of clock information slip early
The inventor is through long-term experimental study; Find to inspire the regeneration branch, and the optimum period of selecting and remain, taken out the cob base portion side shoot sent out as female of preliminary result through amputation No. six loquat early blossoming of clock basal shoot terminal bud early; Can fully overcome early blossoming; Thereby increase optimum period Cheng Hualiang, improve assembly flower rate, improve fruit quality and output; Again through supplementary measures, as cultivate bearing basal shoot, stop spending measure such as the short tip cultivate high at winter-spring air temperature, four seasons illumination is sufficient, No. six loquats of clock morning under the day and night temperature macroclimate condition, thereby further improve the gross yield of loquat.The loquat soluble solid content of cultivating with the inventive method is high, has fully improved fruit quality, regulates the maturation time of loquat, increases the percentage of commodity fruit.
We can find out from table 1, the loquat that the inventive method is cultivated basically all 1,2, March is ripe, and with the loquat major part that art methods is cultivated all be 10,11, December is ripe; In the loquat of cultivating in each month; One-level fruit all concentrates on 1,2, March, therefore, and in all loquats that the inventive method is cultivated; One-level fruit content is high, remarkable in economical benefits.
On the other hand, 2, be in around the Spring Festival March, the fruit price is higher relatively, and economic benefit is obvious.
Moreover; From the mean fruit weight amount; The average minimum single fruit weight of loquat that the inventive method is cultivated is 30g, and the minimum single fruit weight of the loquat 15g that cultivates with art methods, and full season shared ratio also quite big; Thereby can find out that also the loquat of cultivating with the inventive method is quite superior, economic benefit is quite remarkable.
In addition, from the content of the soluble solid of fruit, the content of the soluble solid that the loquat of cultivating with the inventive method is total is higher than the loquat of cultivating with art methods far away.
In sum, cultivate No. six loquats of clock early, exceeded technical staff's the imagination, obtained unforeseeable technique effect and economic effect with the inventive method.
Simultaneously, can find out from table 2 that cultivate early with the inventive method that No. six loquats of clock can increase income more than 600%, when obtaining unforeseeable economic effect, enterprise has also obtained solid development, this method has obtained success commercial.
Claims (7)
1. No. six loquat breeding methods of clock early is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A, sprout the previous crops preparation at the spring tip and prune, improve light transmission and the air permeability of fruit tree;
B, amputation be No. six loquat early blossoming of clock basal shoot terminal bud early, inspires the regeneration branch; And the cob base portion side shoot of selecting and remain; All spring tip side shoots of amputation; With said regeneration branch and cob base portion side shoot as the bearing basal shoot for preparing;
C, cultivate the bearing basal shoot of preparation, make the bearing basal shoot of preparation sturdy, nutrient accumulation fully, balance;
The measure of the short flower of the tip is launched and taked to stop when beginning to change green to d, the top vane that newly grows when branch more than half;
E, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in the florescence improve percentage of fertile fruit;
F, young fruit grow ripening period and carry out the fruit management;
G, fruit harvesting.
2. No. six loquat breeding methods of clock morning according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the said amputation of step b early No. six loquat early blossoming of clock basal shoot terminal bud is meant: in spring tip germination process, extract all ripe terminal buds and the spring tip center branch terminal bud of sprouting soon outside the expel stagnation fruit branch, the ripe Da Ye of not amputation; For spray cob morning of last one year of shedding, its immature winter tip side shoot of amputation, and from blade amputation flower cob is arranged.
3. No. six loquat breeding methods of clock morning according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the said cob base portion side shoot of selecting and remain of step b is meant delaying the fruit ear in March picking time; Reserve the cob base portion side shoot of sprouting after mid-February, all the other cob base portion side shoots all should amputation.
4. No. six loquat breeding methods of clock morning according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the measure that the bearing basal shoot of the said cultivation preparation of step c adopts is to improve fruit tree light and airing property through pruning; And sprout from the bearing basal shoot of preparation and before buddingging, to execute nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer; And applying organic manure, reach that the bearing basal shoot that makes preparation is sturdy, nutrient accumulation fully, the purpose of balance.
5. No. six loquat breeding methods of clock morning according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the said weight proportion of executing nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer is: nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=1: 1.2: 1.2.
6. No. six loquat breeding methods of clock morning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the said measure that stops the short flower of the tip of steps d comprises: 1. with containing 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% borax mixed liquor in fine day spray tree crown twice, each 10 days at interval; 2. be completely cured and urge flower; 3. be pulled to the ground floor major branch horizontal; 4. the basal shoot of the bearing basal shoot of all preparations is turned round 270 ° at the tip, xylem is sustained damage.
7. No. six loquat breeding methods of clock morning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the measure that the said fruit of step f administrative institute adopts is to extract late flower, fruit thinning, bagging and execute fruit-promoting fertilizer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110215639A CN102308742A (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2011-07-29 | Method for cultivating Zaozhong No.6 loquats |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110215639A CN102308742A (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2011-07-29 | Method for cultivating Zaozhong No.6 loquats |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102308742A true CN102308742A (en) | 2012-01-11 |
Family
ID=45422613
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110215639A Pending CN102308742A (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2011-07-29 | Method for cultivating Zaozhong No.6 loquats |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102308742A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104322339A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-02-04 | 浙江台州一罐食品有限公司 | Cultivation method for improving loquat fruit ratio |
| CN104396659A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-11 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | Northern greenhouse loquat planting method |
| CN104429769A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 成都红柿子科技有限公司 | Method for improving loquat yield |
| CN104541915A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-29 | 芜湖恒诺能源技术有限公司 | Fruit and vegetable interplanting method |
| CN104541724A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-04-29 | 莆田市城厢区新华云果蔬专业合作社 | Efficient one-time fertilization method for Zaozhong No.6 loquat production trees |
| CN105706837A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-29 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for prolonging loquat flowering phase, avoiding freezing and increasing yield |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1522561A (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2004-08-25 | 朱纪章 | Potted loquat and its cultivation method |
| CN1593085A (en) * | 2004-07-05 | 2005-03-16 | 朱纪章 | Loquat sprout cultivation method for landscape planting |
| CN1729751A (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2006-02-08 | 胡捷民 | Technique for cultivating white pulp loaquat |
| CN1930941A (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2007-03-21 | 林永金 | Planting method of potted loquat in balcony |
| CN101209020A (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2008-07-02 | 姚金荣 | Method for planting loquat |
-
2011
- 2011-07-29 CN CN201110215639A patent/CN102308742A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1522561A (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2004-08-25 | 朱纪章 | Potted loquat and its cultivation method |
| CN1593085A (en) * | 2004-07-05 | 2005-03-16 | 朱纪章 | Loquat sprout cultivation method for landscape planting |
| CN1729751A (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2006-02-08 | 胡捷民 | Technique for cultivating white pulp loaquat |
| CN1930941A (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2007-03-21 | 林永金 | Planting method of potted loquat in balcony |
| CN101209020A (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2008-07-02 | 姚金荣 | Method for planting loquat |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| 《福建农业科技》 19951231 许秀淡等 "早钟6号"枇杷丰产优质栽培技术 36-37 1-7 , 第03期 * |
| 卢德明: "枇杷优质早结丰产栽培技术", 《果农之友》 * |
| 王鸿逵等: "冬春枇杷控时成熟技术", 《云南农业科技》 * |
| 许秀淡等: ""早钟6号"枇杷丰产优质栽培技术", 《福建农业科技》 * |
| 陈维忠: "大五星枇杷栽培管理技术要点", 《现代园艺》 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104322339A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-02-04 | 浙江台州一罐食品有限公司 | Cultivation method for improving loquat fruit ratio |
| CN104396659A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-11 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | Northern greenhouse loquat planting method |
| CN104429769A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 成都红柿子科技有限公司 | Method for improving loquat yield |
| CN104541724A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-04-29 | 莆田市城厢区新华云果蔬专业合作社 | Efficient one-time fertilization method for Zaozhong No.6 loquat production trees |
| CN104541915A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-29 | 芜湖恒诺能源技术有限公司 | Fruit and vegetable interplanting method |
| CN105706837A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-29 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for prolonging loquat flowering phase, avoiding freezing and increasing yield |
| CN105706837B (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2020-04-17 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for prolonging flowering phase of loquat, avoiding freezing and increasing yield |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103430803B (en) | Shaping cultivation method of peach tree shape with three boughs and one center truck | |
| CN104186171B (en) | Chinese prickly ash Cold region apple exempts to pluck high-yield planting method | |
| CN104823794B (en) | The method of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi grafting-cuttage breeding | |
| CN104604462A (en) | Cultivation method for honeysuckle | |
| CN108450167A (en) | A kind of method of the high-quality stingless Chinese pricklyash of engrafting and cultivating | |
| CN112106587B (en) | Method for ecological management of southern stony desertification through grape and lonicera confusa combined cultivation | |
| CN105145231A (en) | Excellent and labor-saving train-culturing method for fruit mulberry | |
| CN105145232A (en) | Excellent and labor-saving train cultivation method for figs | |
| CN102308742A (en) | Method for cultivating Zaozhong No.6 loquats | |
| CN107278633A (en) | A kind of high position grafting method of Chinese yew | |
| CN103598052A (en) | Production method for delaying cherry mature period and increasing production | |
| CN107148888A (en) | A kind of facility cultivation method of winter jujube tree | |
| CN106718624A (en) | The cultural method of Ke Lunsheng currants | |
| CN108668754A (en) | A kind of tealeaves, passion fruit stereo cultivating method | |
| CN102308740B (en) | Method for cultivating big five-pointed star loquats on shady slopes | |
| CN106416919A (en) | Double-cropping high-yield planting method for greenhouse selenium-rich grape | |
| CN113141891A (en) | Short-spike cutting method for tea tree germplasm resources | |
| CN107360931A (en) | A kind of method that old peach garden is quickly updated to garden | |
| CN103004431A (en) | Large-leave fast-growing locust tree nutrition plate seedling method | |
| CN109983934A (en) | A kind of method of walnut grafting breeding | |
| CN105875322A (en) | Tea tree nutrient pot clonal rapid propagation method | |
| CN110583267A (en) | Bread fruit bud grafting seedling method | |
| CN103141287B (en) | Method for domesticating and culturing rubus peltatus | |
| CN116158316A (en) | High-yield method for overwintering cultivation of facility peppers | |
| CN105165583A (en) | Purple skin dendrobe planting method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20120111 |