CN102306466A - Mechanical system dynamics teaching experimental device - Google Patents
Mechanical system dynamics teaching experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102306466A CN102306466A CN201110266976A CN201110266976A CN102306466A CN 102306466 A CN102306466 A CN 102306466A CN 201110266976 A CN201110266976 A CN 201110266976A CN 201110266976 A CN201110266976 A CN 201110266976A CN 102306466 A CN102306466 A CN 102306466A
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- main shaft
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Abstract
The invention provides a mechanical system dynamics teaching experimental device used for researching dynamics characteristics of a four-step system consisting of a spring, a mass block and a damper. The device comprises air bearings and a cylindrical shaft connected with the air bearings, a voice coil used by the device can be used for increasing variable damp, and the armature iron of the voice coil is wound on an aluminum column casing; if the voice coil is in open circuit, the aluminum column casing has a small amount of damp due to an eddy current on the aluminum column casing; and if the voice coil is in short circuit, the damp is obviously increased since impedance dose not exists in a loop. For guaranteeing the accuracy of experiments, the air bearings are used as the support; an adjustable spring is arranged between the two air bearings of the experimental device to be connected with a central shaft; by reducing the length of the spring, the over-damp, critical damp and under-damp states of the system can be observed; and a linear variable differential sensor is arranged on the shaft to measure a pulse action so as to analyze and detect the dynamics feature of the four-step system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experiment device for teaching, be specifically related to quadravalence machinery system dynamics experiment device for teaching, be used to study the dynamics of the fourth-order system that constitutes by spring, mass and damper.
Background technology
At present China colleges and universities dynamic experiment mainly concentrates on medical treatment, biological aspect, is applied to cardiovascular Hemodynamics, pharmacokinetics, biochemical reaction dynamics etc., and the education experiment that is directed to industry science class undergraduate course is not also seen relevant report.In view of the importance of Machine Design medium power modeling analysis, it is effective to set up a cover, is easy to start with the mechanical kinetics modeling experimental program of being convenient to understand.Mechanical kinetics modeling analysis and control are theory with practice and based on the course of experiment, need a large amount of experiment equipments be provided for the student, allow the student to carry out the lab exercise of higher level.So the purpose of invention is the study through this quadravalence dynamics experiment device for teaching; Cultivate the student and grasp the basic skills that mechanical kinetics is analyzed; Improve the ability of student, possess the level of analyzing and solving engineering problem complex mechanical system Dynamic Modeling and analysis.
The mechanical kinetics modeling analysis is a theory with practice with control, based on the course of experiment, need a large amount of experiment equipments be provided for the student, allow the student to carry out the lab exercise of higher level.So the invention order of this experimental provision is the study through this education experiment; Cultivate the student and grasp the basic skills that mechanical kinetics is analyzed; Improve the ability of student, possess the level of analyzing and solving engineering problem complex mechanical system Dynamic Modeling and analysis.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the machinery system dynamics experiment device for teaching, can supply to study the dynamics of the fourth-order system of being made up of spring, mass and damper, concrete technical scheme is following.
The machinery system dynamics experiment device for teaching; Comprise two air bearing of base plate, voice coil loudspeaker voice coil, installation angle steel, degree of tightness adjustable spring, flywheel, main shaft being installed and being used to install main shaft; Said installation angle steel and two air bearing are installed in installs on the base plate; The end that angle steel is positioned at main shaft is installed; An other end of main shaft is equipped with said flywheel; Two air bearing are being installed between angle steel and the flywheel, and voice coil loudspeaker voice coil connects and composes adaptive damping with the installation angle steel; The coil of voice coil loudspeaker voice coil is on main shaft; One end of degree of tightness adjustable spring link to each other with main shaft and tie point between two air bearing, the other end of degree of tightness adjustable spring and spring are regulated tensioning system and are connected; A said other end place of main shaft also is equipped with the linear variable differential sensor.
In the above-mentioned machinery system dynamics experiment device for teaching, said main shaft is the aluminum main shaft, and the main shaft right-hand member also is connected with additional mass through flake aluminum.
In the above-mentioned machinery system dynamics experiment device for teaching, also comprise a little copper ball of said additional mass that is used to collide the main shaft right-hand member that is suspended on rope end.
In the above-mentioned machinery system dynamics experiment device for teaching, the domain horizontal location set screw that base plate is provided with the levelness that is used to regulate experimental provision is installed.
In the above-mentioned machinery system dynamics experiment device for teaching; Said spring is regulated tensioning system and is comprised adjusting screw(rod), slide block and be installed in the guide rail on the said installation base plate; The said other end of degree of tightness adjustable spring is connected with slide block, and slide block is arranged in guide rail, is threaded between adjusting screw(rod) and the guide rail.
In the above-mentioned machinery system dynamics experiment device for teaching, also comprise the microcomputer platform that the dSPACE system is housed, microcomputer platform is connected with the signal output part of linear variable differential sensor.
This dynamic experiment device is mainly used in the dynamics of the fourth-order system that research is made up of spring, mass and damper.This system mainly is connected to form by the air bearing at cylindrical shaft and its two ends, and voice coil loudspeaker voice coil is connected in system's left end and constitutes adaptive damping.On the aluminium column casing,, then, there is a spot of damping force to exist in the armature of voice coil loudspeaker voice coil owing to have eddy current on the aluminum barrel when voice coil loudspeaker voice coil during for open circuit.When voice coil loudspeaker voice coil is short circuit, then owing to there not being impedance to make damping force enlarge markedly in the circuit.Between two air bearing, there is an adjustable spring to link to each other with axis.Through reducing the length of spring, can observe system's overdamping, critical damping and three kinds of states of underdamping.Also a little copper ball can be suspended on the flat board that rope end removes to collide the rotating shaft right-hand member, apply pulse signal to system.LVDT (linear variable differential sensor) is housed on the right side of main shaft, is used for measuring the actuating signal of pulse.Should be noted that in the experiment that the collar on spring and the main shaft needs eccentric the connection, this is because the rotating shaft rotation must cause spring end generation axial displacement, and eccentric connection can reduce the linearity of elasticity coefficient.
This dynamic experiment device uses the measuring system dSPACE interface based on microcomputer platform to obtain frequency response chart.This measuring system can produce the sine input of different frequency, and the output through the LVDT measuring system, and the amplitude and the phase place of ssystem transfer function obtained in promptly available MATLAB software for calculation programming, and compares experiment with the numerical value of actual measurement.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage and effect:
1), use the computer testing system frequency response the attainable experiment content of this dynamic experiment device comprises:.2), use function generator to produce first resonant frequency (with the corresponding frequency of a pair of complex pole of minimum point) of system.Observe and estimation and with respect to the first mass m
1Second mass m
2The amplitude-frequency of (seeing embodiment) and phase-frequency response.3), when you get through the first resonance overshoot
, estimation and the first pair of complex poles corresponding damping.4), use function generator to produce the 2nd resonant frequency of system.Relative and the first mass m of observation and estimation
1Second mass m
2Amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency response.5), use function generator to produce the frequency corresponding with return-to-zero point.Estimation is with respect to the first mass m
1Second mass m
2Amplitude-frequency and frequency response mutually.On the basis of observing, draw the formula of the zero frequency relevant with quality, and the rigidity of computing system element.6), write out the transport function between the voltage that voltage and function generator that the linear variable differential sensor produces produces, and the parameter in the transport function is confirmed in examination.
By changing the strength of the current in the voice coil, you can change applied to the bearing
on the external
the size of the linear variable differential transducer (LVDT) which generates a voltage displacement
proportional.This device in corresponding two resonant frequencies of complex pole; And the frequency of return-to-zero point is the physical quantity that needs concern in the experiment; Frequency is during with first pair of corresponding frequency of complex pole, and two masses mobile do not have phase difference, with the naked eye just can differentiate out.Frequency is when putting corresponding frequency with return-to-zero, second mass m
2The relative first mass m
1Have 90 the degree phase angles delays, yet under this frequency second mass m
2Just as a vibroshock makes the mass m that wins
1Can't move.Frequency is during with second pair of corresponding frequency of complex pole, second mass m
2With the first mass m
1Direction along opposite is moved, and use based on microcomputer platform this moment, utilizes the dSPACE interface to obtain frequency response chart.This measurement mechanism can produce the sine input of different frequency, and the output through the LVDT measurement mechanism, and the amplitude and the phase place of transport function obtained in promptly available MATLAB software for calculation programming, and compares with the numerical value of actual measurement, draws experimental result.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a mechanical kinetics experiment device for teaching structural representation in the embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the desirable fourth-order system illustraton of model among the embodiment.
Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b are the theory/actual transfer function comparison diagram of voltage V1 (being produced by LVDT) to voltage V (being produced by function generator).
Embodiment
Above content has been done clearly explanation to the present invention, below combines accompanying drawing that enforcement of the present invention is described further again, but enforcement of the present invention and protection domain are not limited thereto.
The machinery system dynamics experiment device for teaching by accompanying drawing 2 as theoretical foundation; Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of actual experiment device; Experimental provision comprises the installation base plate; Voice coil loudspeaker voice coil 15; Angle steel 1 is installed; Degree of tightness adjustable spring 14; Flywheel 5; Main shaft 2 and two air bearing (3 that are used to install main shaft; 4); Said installation angle steel 1 and two air bearing (3; 4 are installed on the installation base plate; The end that angle steel 1 is positioned at main shaft is installed; An other end of main shaft is equipped with said flywheel 5; Two air bearing (3; 4) installing between angle steel 1 and the flywheel 5, voice coil loudspeaker voice coil 15 connects and composes adaptive damping with installation angle steel 1; The coil of voice coil loudspeaker voice coil is on main shaft 2; One end of degree of tightness adjustable spring 14 links to each other with main shaft and tie point is positioned between two air bearing (3,4), and the other end of degree of tightness adjustable spring 14 is regulated tensioning system with spring and is connected; A said other end place of main shaft also is equipped with linear variable differential sensor (LVDT) 6.
Voice coil loudspeaker voice coil 15 is connected in installs angle steel 1 formation adaptive damping.On aluminum main shaft 2, when voice coil loudspeaker voice coil is open circuit, then, there is a spot of damping force to exist the voice coil loudspeaker voice coil coil owing to have eddy current on the aluminum main shaft 2.When voice coil loudspeaker voice coil is short circuit, has not then had impedance, and made damping force enlarge markedly owing in the circuit.Between two air bearing (3,4), there is an adjustable spring 14 to link to each other with main shaft 2.Through the degree of tightness of regulating spring 14, can observe system's overdamping, critical damping and three kinds of states of underdamping.Also a little copper ball can be suspended on the additional mass 8 that rope end removes to collide main shaft 2 right-hand members, apply pulse signal to system.Air bearing in the experimental provision (3,4) (comprising the flywheel 5 that is attached thereto), the magnetic core of linear variable differential sensor 6, voice coil loudspeaker voice coil 15 grades are seen mass m as
1, ignore spring 14 (k
1) quality, the voice coil loudspeaker voice coil 15 in the system is as variable damper c
1Additional mass 8 (m
2) link to each other with main shaft 2 through flake aluminum, the model of aluminium flake and system junction can be used no quality spring k
2With damper c
2Expression can obtain the fourth-order system model.
1), use the computer testing system frequency response the attainable experiment content of this experimental provision comprises:.2), use function generator to produce first resonant frequency (with the corresponding frequency of a pair of complex pole of minimum point) of system.Observe and estimation and with respect to the amplitude-frequency and the phase-frequency response of second mass 2 of mass 1.3), when you get through the first resonance overshoot
, estimation and the first pair of complex poles corresponding damping.4), use function generator to produce the 2nd resonant frequency of system.Observe and estimate the width of cloth phase-frequency response of second mass of relative and mass 1.5), use function generator to produce the frequency corresponding with return-to-zero point.Estimation is with respect to the width of cloth phase frequency response of second mass of mass 1.On the basis of observing, draw the formula of the zero frequency relevant with quality, and the rigidity of computing system element.6), write out the transport function between the voltage that voltage and function generator that the linear variable differential sensor produces produces, the parameter in the transport function is confirmed in examination.
This dynamics experiment device for teaching is provided with domain horizontal location set screw 10, is used to guarantee the levelness of experimental provision.Be provided with spring simultaneously and regulate tensioning system, through adjusting screw(rod) 9, guide rail 11 and slide block 12, the degree of tightness of adjustable springs makes experimental system reach overdamping, critical damping and three kinds of states of underdamping.When adjusting the voice coil 15 exerts a force on the spindle 2
when, LVDT and displacement will be generated
proportional voltage V1.
Through using measuring system, utilize the dSPACE interface to obtain frequency response chart at last based on microcomputer platform.This measuring system can produce the sine input of different frequency; And output through the LVDT measuring system; Be amplitude and the phase place that ssystem transfer function is obtained in the programming of available MATLAB software for calculation, and compare that experimental result is shown in accompanying drawing 3a and Fig. 3 b with the numerical value of actual measurement.
Claims (6)
1. (15), two air bearing (3,4) of angle steel (1), degree of tightness adjustable spring (14), flywheel (5), main shaft (2) being installed and being used to install main shaft; Said installation angle steel (1) and two air bearing (3,4) are installed in installs on the base plate; The end that angle steel (1) is positioned at main shaft is installed; An other end of main shaft is equipped with said flywheel (5); Two air bearing (3,4) are positioned at installs between angle steel (1) and the flywheel (5), and voice coil loudspeaker voice coil (15) connects and composes adaptive damping with installation angle steel (1); The coil of voice coil loudspeaker voice coil is on main shaft (2); One end of degree of tightness adjustable spring (14) links to each other with main shaft and tie point is positioned between two air bearing (3,4), and the other end of degree of tightness adjustable spring (14) is regulated tensioning system with spring and is connected; A said other end place of main shaft also is equipped with linear variable differential sensor (6).
2. according to the said machinery system dynamics experiment device for teaching of claim 1, it is characterized in that said main shaft (2) is the aluminum main shaft, main shaft (2) right-hand member also is connected with additional mass (8) through flake aluminum.
3. according to the said machinery system dynamics experiment device for teaching of claim 2, it is characterized in that also comprising a little copper ball of said additional mass (8) that is used to collide main shaft (2) right-hand member that is suspended on rope end.
4. dynamics experiment device for teaching according to claim 1 is characterized in that installing the domain horizontal location set screw (10) that base plate is provided with the levelness that is used to regulate experimental provision.
5. dynamics experiment device for teaching according to claim 1; It is characterized in that said spring adjusting tensioning system comprises adjusting screw(rod) (9), slide block (12) and is installed in the guide rail (11) on the said installation base plate; The said other end of degree of tightness adjustable spring (14) is connected with slide block (12); Slide block (12) is arranged in guide rail (11), is threaded between adjusting screw(rod) (9) and the guide rail.
6. according to each described dynamics experiment device for teaching of claim 1 ~ 5, it is characterized in that also comprising the microcomputer platform that the dSPACE system is housed, microcomputer platform is connected with the signal output part of linear variable differential sensor (6).
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| CN201110266976A CN102306466A (en) | 2011-09-09 | 2011-09-09 | Mechanical system dynamics teaching experimental device |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110266976A CN102306466A (en) | 2011-09-09 | 2011-09-09 | Mechanical system dynamics teaching experimental device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104050849A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-09-17 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Collision test device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104050849A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-09-17 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Collision test device |
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Application publication date: 20120104 |