CN102305804B - Device and method for measuring superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the superconducting transition temperature of a high temperature superconducting material, and belongs to the field of superconducting electronics. The method comprises the following steps that: the high temperature superconducting material to be measured is put into a closed vacuum chamber and is refrigerated by a compression refrigerating machine; a constant current source applies current to the high temperature superconducting material to be measured; a voltage measuring instrument sends the voltage data of the high temperature superconducting material to be measured to an acquisition and processing system; a temperature measuring instrument receives and displays the temperature of the high temperature superconducting material to be measured, which is measured by a temperature sensor, and sends the temperature to the acquisition and processing system; and the acquisition and processing system stores the temperature data and the voltage data of the high temperature superconducting material to be measured, which are sent by the temperature measuring instrument and the voltage measuring instrument, and generates the change curve of the resistance of the high temperature superconducting material to be measured along with the temperature, so that the superconducting transition temperature of the high temperature superconducting material to be measured is determined. By the device and the method, the superconducting transition temperature of the high temperature superconducting material to be measured can be accurately measured, and certain practical value for the performance inspection of the prepared high temperature superconducting material is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the superconducting electronics field, specifically, is a kind of measurement mechanism and measuring method for measuring superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material.
Background technology
The high temperature superconducting materia technology of preparing develops comparative maturity at present, and the index that judges their performance qualities temperature T c, critical current properties Jc and the superconduction surface microwave resistance R c etc. that changes, superconducting transition temperature Tc is one of leading indicator of weighing high-temperature superconducting thin film properties of sample quality, and having high superconducting transition temperature point is the prerequisite of superconductor and superconductor technology large-scale application.
The method of measuring at present superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material mainly contains two kinds: 1) measure the resistance variation with temperature of high temperature superconducting materia, the temperature spot when namely electric resistance changing is zero; Ac magnetic susceptibility when 2) varying with temperature according to Meissner effect measurement high temperature superconducting materia is determined.Wherein measuring the temperature variant zero resistance method of superconductor can facilitate and see that intuitively resistance value and the resistance of sample under different temperatures is zero at a certain temperature spot sudden transition.the method of before measuring superconducting sample is to adopt liquid nitrogen or liquid helium that low temperature environment is provided, then change specimen holder and top tested high temperature superconducting materia sample position thereof to obtain different warm areas with the method for mobile example frame, the continuous mobile example frame of whole process need, due to artificial mobile uncertainty, will cause in the process of a certain movement specimen holder measurement bay amplitude excessive and cause the temperature variation of the high-temperature superconductor sample on it too fast or excessively slow, so higher strict demand has been proposed acquisition processing system, at the more point of a certain process need collection.Therefore when especially adopting liquid helium to measure, cost is also more expensive, provides temperature variation relatively evenly and can be continuously be well positioned to meet this requirement from the low-temperature measurement system based on refrigeration machine of room temperature variation.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the present invention proposes a kind of being used for high temperature superconducting materia performance quality is judged, superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material measurement mechanism and measuring method, and its measuring accuracy is high, and reliability is high and automaticity is high.
A kind of superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material measurement mechanism of the present invention comprises airtight vacuum chamber, compression refigerating machine, vacuum pump, constant current source, gas cylinder, pressure measuring instrument and temperature measuring set, acquisition processing system, temperature sensor, specimen holder.
Wherein, specimen holder is positioned at vacuum chamber, is used for placing tested high temperature superconducting materia; Compression refigerating machine is used for being the high temperature superconducting materia refrigeration.Vacuum pump is used for to vacuumizing in vacuum chamber; Gas cylinder is used for providing gas in vacuum chamber.Temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of tested high temperature superconducting materia, and the tested high temperature superconducting materia Current Temperatures that will measure sends to temperature measurement-control instrument, show the temperature of tested high temperature superconducting materia in current vacuum chamber by temperature measurement-control instrument, and send acquisition processing system to.Constant current source is used for applying electric current for tested high temperature superconducting materia; Pressure measuring instrument is used for measuring and showing the voltage at tested high temperature superconducting materia two ends, and the data that measure are sent to acquisition processing system.
Described acquisition processing system is preserved temperature signal and the voltage signal of the tested high temperature superconducting materia that temperature measuring set, pressure measuring instrument send, and generates the change curve of tested high temperature superconducting materia electrical resistance temperature.Acquisition processing system also is used for controlling constant current source and changes to sense of current that tested high temperature superconducting materia applies, thereby eliminates the thermoelectrical potential at tested high temperature superconducting materia two ends.
Based on the measuring method of above-mentioned measurement mechanism, complete by five steps:
Step 1: tested high temperature superconducting materia is placed on specimen holder;
Step 2: the impermeability that checks vacuum chamber;
Be filled with gas by gas cylinder in vacuum chamber, be applied in the vacuum chamber outer wall with suds, check whether suds have the bubbling phenomenon, if find the bubbling phenomenon, vacuum chamber gas leakage is described, vacuum chamber is checked reparation; If do not find the bubbling phenomenon, suds are wiped, carry out step 3.
Step 3: vacuumize in vacuum chamber;
Open vacuum valve, by vacuum pump to vacuumizing in vacuum chamber.
Step 4: open compression refigerating machine to freezing in vacuum chamber;
Step 5: carry out superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material and measure.
Open constant current source, pressure measuring instrument, temperature measuring set and acquisition processing system, be that tested high temperature superconducting materia applies electric current by constant current source, by pressure measuring instrument, the voltage data at tested high temperature superconducting materia two ends is sent to acquisition processing system, acquisition processing system is preserved temperature data and the voltage data of the tested high temperature superconducting materia that temperature measuring set, pressure measuring instrument send, and generates the change curve of tested high temperature superconducting materia electrical resistance temperature.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, be connected by four-way, vacuum seal leak detector valve between gas cylinder in measurement mechanism of the present invention, vacuum valve and vacuum chamber, can guarantee that vacuum chamber has good insulation effect, and then compression refigerating machine is effectively freezed to measured high temperature superconducting materia, guarantee the accuracy of measurement result;
2, the present invention is arranged on temperature sensor in specimen holder, and near tested high temperature superconducting materia, makes thus the measured temperature of temperature sensor more accurate;
3, in measuring method of the present invention, tested high temperature superconducting materia is fixed on specimen holder by the cryogenic vacuum thermally conductive grease, make thus the cold head temperature in compression refigerating machine consistent with tested high temperature superconducting materia chilling temperature, guarantee the authenticity of the temperature of temperature sensor measurement high temperature superconducting materia;
4, control constant current source to the electric current commutation that high temperature superconducting materia applies by acquisition processing system in the present invention, eliminate thus measured high-temperature superconductor sample two ends generation thermoelectrical potential, reduced to measure the error that produces; And tested high temperature superconducting materia adopts four-wire method to measure, and eliminates thus lead resistance when carrying out small resistance measurement, has further reduced to measure the error that produces, and has guaranteed precision and the reliability of test;
5, the present invention adopts acquisition processing system the data that gather to be preserved and generated the electrical resistance temperature variation curve of tested high temperature superconducting materia, can see intuitively the resistance variations of tested high temperature superconducting materia thus, realize efficient, accurate, reliable means of testing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is one-piece construction schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vacuum chamber structure cut-open view;
Fig. 3 is the fixture structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 be gas cylinder in the present invention, vacuum pump with vacuum chamber between be connected enlarged drawing;
Fig. 5 is measuring method process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is for to carry out the superconducting transition temperature graph of measured results by measurement mechanism of the present invention and measuring method to YBCO.
In figure:
1-vacuum chamber 12-compression refigerating machine 3-vacuum pump 4-constant current source
5-gas cylinder 6-pressure measuring instrument 7-temperature measuring set 8-acquisition processing system
9-temperature sensor 10-specimen holder 11-four-way 12-vacuum leak hunting valve
Door
Chamber under the upper chamber 102-of the tested high-temperature superconductor material of 13-vacuum and low temperature heat conduction 14-101-
Sizing material
103-annular nib 104-jig 104a-card 104b-groove
104c-bolt 105-rubber blanket 201-compression refrigeration owner 202-cold head
Body
501-steam supply valve 502-vacuum valve 901-connection terminal 12a-valve handle
12b-valve rod 12c-valve head
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
A kind of superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material measurement mechanism of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, comprise vacuum chamber 1, compression refigerating machine 2, vacuum pump 3, constant current source 4, gas cylinder 5, pressure measuring instrument 6 and temperature measuring set 7, acquisition processing system 8, temperature sensor 9, specimen holder 10;
Wherein, vacuum chamber 1 is closed structure, and compression refigerating machine 2 has column copper cold head 201, cold head 201 is extend in vacuum chamber 1 by vacuum chamber 1 bottom, be installed with specimen holder 10 on cold head 201, specimen holder 10 is used for placing detected high temperature superconducting materia 14, as: YBCO, BSCCO etc.201 pairs of cold heads of main body, 202 refrigeration by compression refigerating machine 2, thereby be the interior refrigeration of vacuum chamber 1 by cold head 202, temperature in vacuum chamber 1 is reached below liquid nitrogen temperature, increased thus the range of temperature of tested high temperature superconducting materia 14, tested high temperature superconducting materia collectable temperature spot in measuring process is increased, thus the superconducting transition temperature of the accurate complete tested high temperature superconducting materia of measurement.The low energy of cold head 202 temperature of described compression refigerating machine 2 reaches 30k.
The interior close tested high temperature superconducting materia of specimen holder 10 14 places are equipped with temperature sensor 9, and temperature sensor 9 is connected with acquisition processing system 8 by temperature measurement-control instrument 7; Temperature sensor 9 is used for measuring the temperature of tested high temperature superconducting materia 14, and tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 Current Temperatures that will measure send to temperature measurement-control instrument 7, show the temperature of tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 in current vacuum chamber 1 by temperature measurement-control instrument 7, and send acquisition processing system 8 to.Described temperature sensor 9 is positioned at: apart from specimen holder 10 upper surface 1～3cm, tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 temperature that temperature sensor 9 is measured are more accurate.
Also be fixed with four connection terminals 901 on specimen holder 9, wherein two connection terminals 901 are connected with pressure measuring instrument 6 by lead-in wire, and another two connection terminals 901 are connected with constant current source 4 by lead-in wire.Pressure measuring instrument 6, constant current source 4 all are connected with acquisition processing system 8.Constant current source 4 is used for applying electric current for tested high temperature superconducting materia 14, because tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 self has resistance, therefore make tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 two ends generation voltages, measure and show the voltage at tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 two ends by pressure measuring instrument 6, and the data that measure are sent to acquisition processing system 8.
Described acquisition processing system 8 is preserved temperature data and the voltage data of the tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 that temperature measuring set 7, pressure measuring instrument 6 send, and generates the change curve of tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 electrical resistance temperature.Acquisition processing system also can be controlled constant current source 4 and change to tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 sense of current that applies, and can eliminate thus the thermoelectrical potential at tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 two ends, makes the change curve of tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 electrical resistance temperature more accurate.
Above-mentioned lead-in wire adopts the wire that conducts electricity very well, as: silver-colored line or gold thread; Described constant current source 4 is accurate current stabilization constant current source, can apply the electric current of 0.1-1mA to tested high temperature superconducting materia 14, and its precision is ± 1nA.
As shown in Figure 2, vacuum chamber 1 in the present embodiment adopts upper chamber 101 to dock with lower chamber 102 and forms, the bottom surface of upper chamber 101 week is upwards and 102 end faces weeks of lower chamber upwards all to be designed with the annular nib 103 of annular nib 103, two bonded to each other, by jig 104 with two annular nib 103 relative positionings.As shown in Figure 5, described jig 104 is comprised of two card 104a, wherein the end of two card 104a is hinged, have groove 104b on two card 104a inner circumferential, groove 104b coordinates with two nibs 103 bonded to each other, realizes the relative positioning of 103 of two nibs, the other end of two card 104a is threaded fixing by bolt 104c, jig 104 is stepped up two applying nibs 103 stuck, make chamber 101 relative fixing with 102 of lower chambers, form vacuum chamber 1.In order to make vacuum chamber 1 impermeability better, therefore be fixedly installed rubber blanket 105 on two nibs 103.
Because tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 is higher to vacuum chamber 1 vacuum insulation performance requirement under cold head 202 continuous temperatures of compression refigerating machine 2 change, therefore in the present embodiment, vacuum chamber 1 is connected with vacuum pump 3, gas cylinder 5 by four-way 11, and vacuum leak hunting valve 12 is installed on four-way 11, is controlled being communicated with closed of 1 gas circuit of four-way 11 and vacuum chamber by vacuum leak hunting valve 12.Wherein, the two ends that four-way 11 is relative are connected with vacuum pump 3, gas cylinder 5 respectively by pipeline, the 3rd end of four-way 11 and vacuum chamber 1 internal communication, the 4th end of the four-way valve handle 12a that has been threaded, valve handle 12a is connected with valve head 12c by valve rod 12b, and valve head 12a is threaded with the 3rd end of four-way 11.Before beginning to vacuumize, by rotating valve handle 12a, thereby drive valve head 12c and rotate into vacuum chamber 1 inside, the gas circuit of 1 of four-way 11 and vacuum chamber is communicated with, can carry out the vacuum chamber impermeability by gas cylinder 5 injecting gas in the vacuum chamber subsequently and detect, and the vacuum pumping in 3 pairs of vacuum chambers of vacuum pump 1.
Based on the measuring method of above-mentioned measurement mechanism, as shown in Figure 5, complete by following five steps:
Step 1: sit at sample tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 is installed on 10;
By four lead-in wires, testing sample is connected with four connection terminals 901 on specimen holder, and by vacuum and low temperature heat-conducting glue 13, tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 is fixed on specimen holder 10, can make cold head 202 temperature of compression refigerating machine 2 pass to tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 fully, guarantee the measured tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 temperature authenticities of temperature sensor 9; Wherein, 14 of four lead-in wires and tested high temperature superconducting materias all adopt elargol bonding, and elargol has good cementability and good electric conductivity.Article four, lead-in wire is connected with four connection terminals 901 by electric soldering iron.
Step 2: the impermeability that checks vacuum chamber 1;
Vacuum leak hunting valve 12 is opened, 1 gas circuit of four-way 11 and vacuum chamber is communicated with; Open steam supply valve 501, make gas cylinder 5 be filled with gas in vacuum chamber 1.Close subsequently steam supply valve 501, be applied in vacuum chamber 1 outer wall with suds, check whether suds have the bubbling phenomenon, if find the bubbling phenomenon, vacuum chamber 1 gas leakage is described, reinstall vacuum chamber 1 or by vacuum grease, vacuum chamber 1 air-leak section repaired; If do not find the bubbling phenomenon, illustrate that the impermeability of vacuum chamber 1 is good, suds are wiped, carry out step 3.
Step 3: to vacuumizing in vacuum chamber 1;
Step 4: to the interior refrigeration of vacuum chamber 1
Unlatching compression refigerating machine 2 makes by compression refigerating machine main body 201 cold head 202 temperature is descended, thereby by freezing in 202 pairs of vacuum chambers 1 of cold head.
Step 5: the superconducting transition temperature of tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 is measured;
Open constant current source 4, pressure measuring instrument 6, temperature measuring set 7 and acquisition processing system 8, apply electric current by constant current source 4 for tested high temperature superconducting materia 14, and in whole measuring process 4 pairs of added current constants of tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 of constant current source.By pressure measuring instrument 6, the voltage data at tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 two ends is sent to acquisition processing system 8, acquisition processing system 8 is preserved temperature data and the voltage data of the tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 that temperature measuring set 7, pressure measuring instrument 6 send, and generate the change curve of tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 electrical resistance temperature, thereby determine the superconducting transition temperature of tested high temperature superconducting materia 14.Because tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 resistance are less, the thermoelectrical potential of the tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 two ends generations after energising can affect the precision of measurement, therefore can control constant current source 4 by acquisition processing system 8 changes to tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 sense of current that applies, by eliminating the thermoelectrical potential at tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 two ends, make the change curve of tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 electrical resistance temperature more accurate thus.
After the temperature of tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 is reduced to a certain degree, namely change superconducting state into, the resistance vanishing of tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 at this moment, therefore the voltage at tested high temperature superconducting materia 14 two ends is zero, simultaneously in acquisition processing system 8 in its output RT curve resistance value sudden transition also occurs is zero.As shown in Figure 6, for by this method, YBCO being carried out the superconducting transition temperature graph of measured results, can find out in figure, after the temperature of YBCO is reduced to approximately 90k, this moment YBCO the resistance vanishing, simultaneously in acquisition processing system in its output RT curve resistance value the sudden transition vanishing also occurs.And by also finding out in figure, when being changed into by normal state in the process of superconducting state of YBCO, its transition temperature interval is only 1.91k, can find out that thus the precision of the superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material that measurement mechanism of the present invention and measuring method are measured is very high.
Claims (10)
1. a superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material measurement mechanism, is characterized in that: comprise airtight vacuum chamber, compression refigerating machine, vacuum pump, constant current source, gas cylinder, pressure measuring instrument and temperature measuring set, acquisition processing system, temperature sensor, specimen holder;
Wherein, specimen holder is positioned at vacuum chamber, and tested high temperature superconducting materia is fixed on specimen holder by the vacuum and low temperature heat-conducting glue; Described vacuum chamber adopts upper chamber dock with lower chamber and forms, and the bottom surface week of upper chamber, upwards and down the chamber end face was all upwards all is designed with annular nib, and two annular nibs are bonded to each other, by jig with two annular nib relative positionings; Jig is comprised of two cards, wherein an end of two cards is hinged, have groove on two card inner circumferential, groove coordinates with two nibs bonded to each other, realize the relative positioning between two nibs, the other end of two cards is connected and fixed by bolt thread, jig is stepped up two applying nibs stuck, makes between chamber and lower chamber relative fixing; And be fixedly installed rubber blanket on two nibs;
Described compression refigerating machine is used for being the high temperature superconducting materia refrigeration; Vacuum pump is used for to vacuumizing in vacuum chamber; Gas cylinder is used for providing gas in vacuum chamber; Temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of tested high temperature superconducting materia, and the tested high temperature superconducting materia Current Temperatures that will measure sends to temperature measuring set, show the temperature of tested high temperature superconducting materia in current vacuum chamber by temperature measuring set, and send acquisition processing system to; Constant current source is used for applying electric current for tested high temperature superconducting materia; Pressure measuring instrument is used for measuring and showing the voltage at tested high temperature superconducting materia two ends, and the data that measure are sent to acquisition processing system;
Described acquisition processing system is preserved temperature signal and the voltage signal of the tested high temperature superconducting materia that temperature measuring set, pressure measuring instrument send, and generates the change curve of tested high temperature superconducting materia electrical resistance temperature; Acquisition processing system also is used for controlling constant current source and changes to sense of current that tested high temperature superconducting materia applies.
2. a kind of superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described compression refigerating machine has the column cold head, and cold head is extend in vacuum chamber by the vacuum chamber bottom, and is fixed with specimen holder on cold head.
3. a kind of superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described temperature sensor is arranged in specimen holder, and apart from specimen holder upper surface 1～3cm.
4. a kind of superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: be provided with four connection terminals on described specimen holder, wherein two connection terminals are connected with pressure measuring instrument by lead-in wire, and another two connection terminals are connected with constant current source by lead-in wire.
5. a kind of superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described lead-in wire is silver-colored line or gold thread.
6. a kind of superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vacuum pump, gas cylinder are connected with vacuum chamber by four-way, and the vacuum leak hunting valve is installed on four-way, is controlled being communicated with closed of gas circuit between four-way and vacuum chamber by the vacuum leak hunting valve.
7. based on the measuring method of the described superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material measurement mechanism of claim 1, complete by five steps:
Step 1: tested high temperature superconducting materia is placed on specimen holder;
Step 2: the impermeability that checks vacuum chamber;
Be filled with gas by gas cylinder in vacuum chamber, be applied in the vacuum chamber outer wall with suds, check whether suds have the bubbling phenomenon, if find the bubbling phenomenon, vacuum chamber gas leakage is described, vacuum chamber is checked reparation; If do not find the bubbling phenomenon, suds are wiped, carry out step 3;
Step 3: vacuumize in vacuum chamber;
Open vacuum valve, by vacuum pump to vacuumizing in vacuum chamber;
Step 4: open compression refigerating machine to freezing in vacuum chamber;
Step 5: carry out superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material and measure;
Open constant current source, pressure measuring instrument, temperature measuring set and acquisition processing system, be that tested high temperature superconducting materia applies electric current by constant current source, by pressure measuring instrument, the voltage data at tested high temperature superconducting materia two ends is sent to acquisition processing system, acquisition processing system is preserved temperature data and the voltage data of the tested high temperature superconducting materia that temperature measuring set, pressure measuring instrument send, and generates the change curve of tested high temperature superconducting materia electrical resistance temperature.
8. measuring method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: in described step 3, in vacuum chamber, vacuum tightness is less than 1Pa.
9. measuring method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: in described step 5, described acquisition processing system is controlled constant current source and is changed to sense of current that tested high temperature superconducting materia applies, thereby eliminates the thermoelectrical potential at tested high temperature superconducting materia two ends.
10. measuring method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: in described step 5, described constant current source applies the steady current of 0.1-1mA to tested high temperature superconducting materia, and constant-current accuracy is ± 1nA.
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