CN102305745A - Differential-interference-contrast (DIC)-technology-based sheet metal forming performance testing device - Google Patents
Differential-interference-contrast (DIC)-technology-based sheet metal forming performance testing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102305745A CN102305745A CN201110138457A CN201110138457A CN102305745A CN 102305745 A CN102305745 A CN 102305745A CN 201110138457 A CN201110138457 A CN 201110138457A CN 201110138457 A CN201110138457 A CN 201110138457A CN 102305745 A CN102305745 A CN 102305745A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a differential-interference-contrast (DIC)-technology-based sheet metal forming performance testing device. The device mainly comprises an image acquisition module and a bidirectional stretching experiment device, wherein the image acquisition module comprises an optical mirror, a high-speed camera and a computer, the optical mirror is positioned in front of the high-speed camera, and the high-speed camera is connected with the computer; and the bidirectional stretching experiment device comprises a base, a female die, a blank holder, a male die, a bell-shaped cover and a guide post. A using method comprises the following steps of: spraying speckles with alternate black and white on a sheet metal test piece, and fixing the sheet metal test piece between the female die and the blank holder; allowing the bell-shaped cover and the female die to move downward, deep-drawing the sheet metal test piece, shooting the whole optical change process through the optical mirror by the high-speed camera, and transmitting the whole process to the computer; and processing obtained images by the computer, calculating the strain of the test piece, and drawing a sheet metal forming limit diagram. The device is easy to manufacture, and can conveniently realize the continuous acquisition of surface images of test pieces and the research and analysis on the necking-down phenomenon in the experiment process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of determinator that is used for sheet forming performances such as steel, aluminium, magnesium, belong to technical fields such as sheet forming and Flame Image Process.
Background technology
The metal blank goods are widely used in the every field in the development of the national economy and the people's daily life, so the plastic working of metal blank occupies important status.Along with the fast development of machinery manufacturing industry such as lightweight and space flight and aviation that with the family saloon is the Modern Traffic means of transport of typical case representative; Alloy such as aluminium, magnesium is little with its density; Specific strength is high, and characteristics such as good processability are used widely in sheet forming.The Chinese transportation of holding in 2007 is with the data presentation in the aluminium international symposium; Automobile presents the impetus of quick growth with aluminum alloy materials; The ratio of iron and steel, plastics and auxiliary constantly descends; And the aluminium ratio by 1980 4% bring up to 2000 12.5%; Expect 2010 and can reach more than 25%, part is substituted the basic material that iron and steel becomes auto industry.For estimating the tensile property of sheet material, the sixties in 20th century, Keeler and Backofen have proposed the notion of forming limit diagram (FLDs, Forming Limit Diagrams), and this notion is widely accepted very soon.Forming limit diagram is claimed shaping limit curve again, is a kind of quantitative description to the sheet material forming performance, and it has reflected that sheet material is to carry out technology and mould design main basis in the preceding maximum distortion degree that can obtain of plastic instability (necking down) in the process.After this, become the focus of lot of domestic and foreign scholar's research to experiment, theory and the numerical analysis of forming limit diagram always.
Aspect experimental study, the bidirectional extending method that Nakazima and Marciniak propose is often used in the forming limit diagram that obtains plate.In experimentation; For obtaining corresponding deformation state in as much as possible and the actual production process; Difform test specimen by two-way stretch until rupturing; Then adopt gridding method (CGA; Circle Grid Analysis) or digital picture correlation technique (DIC; Digital Image Correlation) measures near the principal strain value of test specimen surface fracture band, resulting principal strain value point under each state is coupled together be shaping limit curve at last.
For obtaining forming limit diagram; Need the deformation extent of plate when plastic instability takes place measured; And shortcoming such as that traditional strain measurement technique (gridding method) exists is consuming time, effort and precision are low; And this technology can only finish the back in experiment to be measured to obtain the strain value of a certain particular state the distortion test specimen, can not carry out Continuous Tracking to experimentation.On the contrary, necking be a continuous process, therefore with traditional gridding method research necking significant limitation is arranged.For this reason, propose in the world to adopt the digital picture correlation technique to measure the deformation strain on test specimen surface.This technology be a kind of through detect the contrast different distortion constantly on the test specimen surface image spot gray-scale value (0-255) of stochastic distribution thus calculate the noncontact deformation measurement method that the deformation displacement amount obtains deformation field.Based on this technology, a lot of scholar's research have been developed digital picture correlation technique software, and successfully are used to measure the deformation strain of plate, like ASAME, and ARAMIS, systems such as AutoGrid.Employing digital picture correlation technique researchs such as the Zhao Yong of Peking University is red contain the distortion of the rock of micro-crack; And successfully measured the little deformation distribution that the rock loading process produces; Harbin Institute of Technology is permitted the luxuriant static fracture characteristics of I type of glass microballoon filling epoxy resin FGM that then utilized this technical Analysis; But metal blank shaping Application for Field is still not extensive at home for this technology at present; Therefore; Based on above analysis to domestic and international present situation; The present invention will develop a kind of new sheet forming performance determinator, and utilize the noncontact strain measurement technique to realize the measurement to the plate strain in the deformation process.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the defective that exists in the existing sheet forming method of testing, design a kind of sheet forming performance proving installation that the test specimen surface image is obtained continuously and necking is researched and analysed of being convenient to realize based on DIC (digital picture correlation technique) technology.
The following technical solution of employing of the sheet forming performance proving installation based on the DIC technology of the present invention:
This sheet forming performance proving installation comprises image collection module and two-way stretch experimental provision; Image collection module comprises optical mirror plane, high-speed camera and computing machine, and optical mirror plane is positioned at the front of high-speed camera, and high-speed camera is connected with computing machine; The two-way stretch experimental provision comprises base, die, blank holder, punch, bell-jar and guide pillar; Base is provided with two guide pillars; Die is fixed on the bottom of bell-jar; Blank holder is connected the die bottom; Die case is contained on the guide pillar, and bell-jar is provided with two windows, and a window is used to install optical mirror plane; Another window is used for high-speed camera and takes the plate test specimen image by the optical mirror plane reflection, punch be arranged on the base and be positioned at die under; The chequered with black and white speckle of spraying is fixed on the plate test specimen between die and the blank holder on the plate test specimen; The two-way stretch experimental provision is installed on the Material Testing Machine; Material testing machine control bell-jar and die move downward; The bottom surface of plate test specimen is against on the punch; The plate test specimen is carried out pull and stretch; Till crackle appears in the plate test specimen, in the plate test piece deformation process, the chequered with black and white speckle generation optical change of spraying on it; Take whole optics change procedure with high-speed camera through optical mirror plane, and whole process is transferred to computing machine; The image that Computer Processing obtains, and the strain of calculation testing piece according to the strain of the plates with different widths test specimen that calculates, are drawn the sheet forming limiting figure, accomplish the test of sheet forming performance.
The surface of contact of blank holder and die and plate test specimen is laciniation, and plate flattening part is not slided in experimentation like this, can guarantee the accuracy that the sheet forming performance is measured.
Plate test specimen interior thickness can guarantee that less than peripheral part plastic instability occurs in the centre of test specimen, is convenient to the adjustment to high-speed camera.
The present invention adopts the noncontact grid strain measurement technique based on the digital picture correlation technique, has avoided the use of traditional double backing plate in tensile test device, makes easy; Adopt the bell-jar structure, can satisfy under the dynamic load rigidity requirement well test unit; Adopt the design of " inversion type " mould, be convenient to realize obtaining continuously the test specimen surface image in the experimentation; The plate test specimen adopts the sheet thickness of heterogencity, guarantees that plastic instability occurs in the plate centre, is convenient to necking is researched and analysed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart that the present invention is based on the sheet forming performance proving installation of DIC technology.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of two-way stretch experimental provision among the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of die in the two-way stretch experimental provision experimental provision.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of blank holder in the two-way stretch experimental provision experimental provision.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of punch in the two-way stretch experimental provision experimental provision.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of blank holder and die and test specimen surface of contact in the two-way stretch experimental provision experimental provision.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of test specimen.
Fig. 8 is the test specimen synoptic diagram behind the chequered with black and white speckle of surface spraying.
Wherein: 1, high-speed camera, 2, optical mirror plane, 3, die, 4, the plate test specimen, 5, blank holder, 6, punch, 7, bell-jar, 8, guide pillar, 9, base, 10, register pin.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the sheet forming performance proving installation based on the DIC technology of the present invention comprises image collection module and two-way stretch experimental provision.Image collection module comprises optical mirror plane 2, high-speed camera 1 and computing machine, and optical mirror plane 2 is positioned at the front of high-speed camera 1, and high-speed camera 1 is connected with computing machine.The structure of two-way stretch experimental provision as shown in Figure 2; Comprise base 9, die 3, blank holder 5, punch 6, bell-jar 7 and guide pillar 8; Base 9 is provided with two guide pillars 8; Die 3 is installed on the guide pillar 8; The bottom of die 3 is provided with blank holder 5; The top of die 3 is provided with bell-jar 7, punch 6 be arranged on the base 9 and be positioned at die 3 under.Bell-jar 4 is provided with two windows, and a window is used to install optical mirror plane 2, and another window is used for the plate test specimen image that high-speed camera 1 is taken by optical mirror plane 2 reflections.The structure of die 3, blank holder 5 and punch 6 is respectively like Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 5, and blank holder 5 is provided with two register pins 10 that are used for plate 4 location, guarantees that sample is fixed on the mould on request.
For guaranteeing the flanging of plate in the experimentation, blank holder 5 is laciniation as shown in Figure 6 with the surface of contact of die 6 and plate test specimen, and plate flattening part is not slided in experimentation like this, can guarantee the accuracy that the sheet forming performance is measured.
Above-mentioned two-way stretch experimental provision has been avoided the use of backing plate in traditional Marciniak device, designs easier; Adopt bell-jar both can realize that experimentation high speed video camera 1 through the obtaining of 2 pairs of test specimen surface images of optical mirror plane, can satisfy again and carry out the requirement of dynamic test to device rigidity.
Concrete work engineering of the present invention is following:
(1) the plate test specimen 4 of a series of different in width of preparation; The shape of plate test specimen 4 as shown in Figure 7; Adopt a kind of structure of heterogencity thickness; Test specimen centre thickness is little; The flanging segment thickness is big on every side, and the transition portion of variation in thickness has round-corner transition, avoids having excessive unrelieved stress after 4 processing of plate test specimen; Adopt this type of plate test specimen can guarantee that plastic instability occurs in the centre of sample, is convenient to the adjustment to high-speed camera 1.As shown in Figure 8, the chequered with black and white speckle of spraying on plate test specimen 4.For guaranteeing that plate test specimen 4 is fixed on the mould on request, can process pilot hole on plate test specimen 4.
(2) the two-way stretch experimental provision is installed on the Material Testing Machine; The top of bell-jar 7 is connected with the Material Testing Machine press mechanism; Plate test specimen 4 is placed between die 3 and the blank holder 5 (referring to Fig. 1); Through bolt that blank holder 5 and die 3 is fastening, plate test specimen 4 is clamped between die 3 and the blank holder 5.
(3) high-speed camera 1 is fixed on the support, adjustment high-speed camera 1 enables to take the middle body of plate test specimen 4.
(4) under the control of Material Testing Machine; Bell-jar 7 moves downward along guide pillar 8 with certain speed with die 3; The bottom surface of plate test specimen 4 is against on the punch 6; Plate test specimen 4 is carried out pull and stretch; Till crackle appearred in plate test specimen 4, in plate test specimen 4 deformation processes, optical change can take place in the chequered with black and white speckle of spraying on it; Take whole optics change procedure with high-speed camera 1 through optical mirror plane 2, and whole process is transferred to computing machine.In the whole process, the central part that high-speed camera 1 is taken plate test specimen 4, the i.e. the most serious part of plate test specimen 4 distortion.
(5) adopt digital picture correlation technique (DIC) related software in the computing machine, handle the surface strain of test specimen in the whole deformation process, the strain of calculation testing piece.
(6) plate of change different in width repeats test procedure (2)--(5).
(7) the sheet forming limiting figure is drawn in the strain of the test specimen that goes out according to COMPUTER CALCULATION, accomplishes the test of sheet forming performance.
Claims (3)
1. the sheet forming performance proving installation based on the DIC technology comprises image collection module and two-way stretch experimental provision; It is characterized in that: image collection module comprises optical mirror plane, high-speed camera and computing machine, and optical mirror plane is positioned at the front of high-speed camera, and high-speed camera is connected with computing machine; The two-way stretch experimental provision comprises base, die, blank holder, punch, bell-jar and guide pillar; Base is provided with two guide pillars; Die is fixed on the bottom of bell-jar; Blank holder is connected the die bottom; Die case is contained on the guide pillar, and bell-jar is provided with two windows, and a window is used to install optical mirror plane; Another window is used for high-speed camera and takes the plate test specimen image by the optical mirror plane reflection, punch be arranged on the base and be positioned at die under; The chequered with black and white speckle of spraying is fixed on the plate test specimen between die and the blank holder on the plate test specimen; The two-way stretch experimental provision is installed on the Material Testing Machine; Material testing machine control bell-jar and die move downward; The bottom surface of plate test specimen is against on the punch; The plate test specimen is carried out pull and stretch; Till crackle appears in the plate test specimen, in the plate test piece deformation process, the chequered with black and white speckle generation optical change of spraying on it; Take whole optics change procedure with high-speed camera through optical mirror plane, and whole process is transferred to computing machine; The image that Computer Processing obtains, and the strain of calculation testing piece according to the strain of the plates with different widths test specimen that calculates, are drawn the sheet forming limiting figure, accomplish the test of sheet forming performance.
2. the sheet forming performance proving installation based on the DIC technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the surface of contact of said blank holder and die and plate test specimen is laciniation.
3. the sheet forming performance proving installation based on the DIC technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said plate test specimen interior thickness is less than peripheral part.
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| CN103424315A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-12-04 | 大连理工大学 | Experimental facility for measurement of hot forming limit of laser tailor-welded blank |
| CN103698200A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-02 | 江苏大学 | Plate material performance test experimental device |
| CN103743622A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-04-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Plate deep-drawing device for electronic universal testing machine |
| CN104139102A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-11-12 | 梧州恒声电子科技有限公司 | Stretching die for fixing frame |
| CN104330023A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-02-04 | 浙江大学 | Acquisition system and identification method of concrete surface initial crack information |
| CN104568611A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-04-29 | 泛亚汽车技术中心有限公司 | Method for evaluating plate forming capability and deformation homogenizing capability based on DIC strain measuring system |
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Application publication date: 20120104 |