A kind of H type power chassis with adjustment crack, ground and wheelspan function
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power chassis, belong to Vehicle Engineering, is a kind of H type power chassis of adjusting crack, ground and wheelspan function that has specifically.
Background technology
Existing car chassis is made of driving engine, power-transfer clutch, change speed gear box, diff, wheel usually, wherein, the power of transmitting set is sent to diff at last through power-transfer clutch, change speed gear box, transmission shaft, thereby by diff power distribution is driven left and right wheels to left and right sides semiaxis.
Wherein, when diff is installed between automobile two front-wheels, when power is distributed to automobile two front-wheel by left and right sides semiaxis, be referred to as f-w-d.When diff is installed between automobile two trailing wheels, when power is distributed to automobile two trailing wheel by left and right sides semiaxis, be referred to as back-wheel drive.Also have in the automobile front and back wheel diff all is installed, by two difies power is distributed to two front-wheels and two trailing wheels by left and right sides semiaxis respectively, this kind is referred to as four wheel drive (full wheel drive).
F-w-d is because front-wheel is drive wheel, and obstacle climbing ability is high.The medium and small car of most has all adopted this drive form.Physical construction is simple, the engine radiating condition is good, and interior space is large, easy to be arranged, has alleviated complete vehicle weight, relatively saves gasoline, repairs also very convenient.Its shortcoming is: because front-wheel is born the work that turns to and drive simultaneously, high stability is relatively poor, and drive wheel easily skids during upward slope, easily overturns during the high speed descending.Cross when curved anterior center of gravity because of inertia forward, centnifugal force is larger, so just tangentially be thrown out of, breaks through easily the traction of front-wheel, breaks away.And has an obvious understeering.
The mode of back-wheel drive be front and back wheel Each performs its own functions, turns to and be driven apart, so high stability is good, the vehicle hill climbing ability is strong.The shortcoming of this drive form is: rear-axle load is heavy, makes automobile have the tendency of negative understeer, and front-wheel adhesive ability is little, turn to unstable when running at high speed, and relative higher assembling and the manufacturing cost of f-w-d, more fault, relatively narrow and small interior space etc.
All-wheel driven vehicle all is drive wheel by whole wheels, takes full advantage of whole quality of adhering to of automobile, so automobile has larger propulsive effort and obstacle negotiation, prevents the ability of skidding.So cross country car generally all adopts this master layout form.And because the all-wheel powered automobile has larger propulsive effort, accelerating ability is good, also one after another adopt full wheel drive to serve car and automobile wagon the eighties in 20 century, become so-called " sports utility vehicle (SUV) ", be subject to that many U.S. are youthful to be liked, formed " 4WD " upsurge.But, the all-wheel powered complex structure, cost is high, and consumption of fuel is large when travelling on good road, and the wearing and tearing of tire and parts are large.
Above-mentioned three kinds of type of drive for, when single wheel skidded, because the existence of diff, the wheel that skids turned faster and faster, the opposite side wheel turns slower and slower, makes drive axle forfeiture propulsive effort, causes vehicle to travel.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of H type power chassis of adjusting crack, ground and wheelspan function that has, improve vehicle and passed through performance under the rugged pavement conditions, can guarantee that when rugged road traveling four wheels land simultaneously, can better adapt to ground, keep the stable of vehicle body.
Wherein, the left output shaft of diff and right output shaft link to each other with drg and by the driving gear in driving gear, front driven gear and the auxiliary gear box that rear driven gear forms respectively successively, front driven gear in each auxiliary gear box, rear driven gear all mesh with driving gear, front driven gear, rear driven gear are connected with a castellated shaft respectively, and two castellated shafts are positioned at the chassis homonymy; Be socketed with respectively rocking arm on each castellated shaft, two rocking arms are positioned at the chassis homonymy, and the chain wheel driving mechanism that is comprised of drive sprocket, chain and driving chain wheel is installed in each rocking arm; Wherein, be connected by chain gear between drive sprocket and driving chain wheel; Two drive sprocket axles in two rocking arms upwards have female splines, match with two castellated shafts, and two drive sprockets are socketed in respectively on two castellated shafts, and each driving chain wheel links to each other with wheel by axletree respectively; Two castellated shafts pass to respectively two drive sprockets with power, and two drive sprockets pass to respectively two driving chain wheels by chain with power, and two transmission gears the most at last power pass to respectively two wheels of homonymy.
Two relative ends of rocking arm are connected with gear A and gear B respectively, gear A and gear B engagement; Rocking arm arranged outside between two castellated shafts of described chassis homonymy has rocker arm bonnet, and the relative end place with two rocking arms that are positioned at the chassis homonymy of rocker arm bonnet is coupling, and two rocking arms are rotated with respect to rocker arm bonnet.The top of rocker arm bonnet is equipped with hydraulic actuating cylinder, and the telescopic end of hydraulic actuating cylinder is fixed on the rocking arm in homonymy two rocking arms.The outside at rocker arm bonnet is equipped with feed screw nut, and the leading screw in the feed screw nut links to each other with motor.When automobile was advanced on rugged road surface, the telescopic end by the control hydraulic actuating cylinder elongated or shortened angle between two rocking arms of homonymy is regulated, the requirement of crack, stronghold height, and the rocking arm that drives homonymy rotates relatively, plays the effect of adjusting the crack, ground.
The outside at rocker arm bonnet is equipped with feed screw nut, leading screw in the feed screw nut links to each other with motor, thus by the rotation of motor direct-drive leading screw, leading screw rotates with respect to feed screw nut, during the leading screw rotation, make feed screw nut produce straight-line motion, move axially along two castellated shafts thereby drive two rocking arms by rocker arm bonnet, realize the change of both sides, chassis between-wheel spacing, can make vehicle can adapt to rugged potted road surface.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, H type power chassis of the present invention adopts H type power transmission, be positioned at the wheel of homonymy by the driven gear transmitting torque of auxiliary gear box, the front and back wheel transmitting ratio is identical, when only having a wheel, the homonymy wheel skids, when skidding does not occur in another wheel, this type of drive of the present invention can make major part even whole torque pass to non-slip wheel, and the adhesive ability that takes full advantage of this wheel produces enough propulsive efforts, make the automobile start to walk smoothly or continue to travel, improved vehicle and under rugged pavement conditions, passed through performance.
2, H type power chassis of the present invention because left and right sides rocking arm can relatively rotate, can guarantee that four wheels all can land simultaneously on various road surfaces, improve the crossing ability of vehicle on rugged road surface.Have the incomparable advantage of other various vehicles, adapt to the mountain region, the travelling of the rugged road surface such as hills.
3, H type power chassis of the present invention by the variation of angle between each rocking arm, can be adjusted the ground Clearance on chassis, make vehicle adapt to different working environment and job requirement: pavement conditions is good, can fall low ground space, vehicle's center of gravity is descended, improve ride comfort and the crossing ability of vehicle; The road surface is rugged, when larger obstacle is arranged, carries high-clearance, makes vehicle have good obstacle climbing ability.
4, H type power chassis of the present invention is adjusted the effect of connecting rod by body gesture, can guarantee that the vehicle body plane is vertical with two rocking arm Bisector of angles all the time, play the effect that body gesture is adjusted, keep the stable of vehicle body, prevent that vehicle from turning on one's side, improve the performance of passing through of vehicle.
5, H type power chassis of the present invention is applied widely, can be used in the traveling gear of the military-civil vehicle in full region, mobile robot and various special equipment mobile platforms, such as dune buggy, beach car etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is H type power chassis structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is connection diagram between homonymy two rocking arms among the present invention;
Fig. 3 connects partial enlarged drawing between homonymy two rocking arms among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is feed screw nut connection diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is connecting rod adjusting mechanism scheme of installation among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is auxiliary gear box and connecting rod adjusting mechanism scheme of installation among the present invention;
Fig. 7 is drg and connecting rod adjusting mechanism scheme of installation among the present invention.
Among the figure:
1-chassis 2-driving engine 3-power-transfer clutch 4-change speed gear box
5-diff 6-auxiliary gear box 7-chain wheel driving mechanism 8-wheel
9-drg 10-castellated shaft 11-guide rail 12-baffle plate
13-supporting seat 14-rocking arm 15-rocker arm bonnet 16-feed screw nut
17-motor 18-gear A 19-gear B 20-adjusts connecting rod mechanism
21-hydraulic actuating cylinder 401-input shaft 402-output shaft 501-driven wheel of differential
Driven gear before the right output shaft 601-of the left output shaft 503-of the 502-driving gear 602-
Driven gear 701-drive sprocket 702-chain 703-driving chain wheel behind the 603-
16a-leading screw 20a-first connecting rod 20b-second connecting rod 20c-third connecting rod
20d-the first ball pivot 20e-the second ball pivot 20f-the 3rd ball pivot 20g-the 4th ball pivot
20h-the 5th ball pivot
The specific embodiment
A kind of H type of the present invention power chassis comprises chassis 1 and is arranged on the One On The Chassis driving engine 2, power-transfer clutch 3, change speed gear box 4, diff 5, auxiliary gear box 6, chain wheel driving mechanism 7 and wheel 8, as shown in Figure 1.Its drive path is: driving engine 2-change speed gear box 4-diff 5-auxiliary gear box 6-chain wheel driving mechanism 7-wheel 8.
Wherein, driving engine 2 is positioned at the front portion on chassis 1, and driving engine 2 is connected with power-transfer clutch 3, and power-transfer clutch 3 is connected with the input shaft 401 of change speed gear box 4, and drive bevel gear 403 meshes with the driven wheel of differential 501 of diff 5 on the output shaft 402 of change speed gear box 4.Driving engine 2 arrives power in diff 5 behind change speed gear box 4.Described power-transfer clutch 3 is used for making driving engine 2 and change speed gear box 4 temporarily to separate and engages gradually, to cut off or to transmit driving engine 2 to the power of change speed gear box 4 inputs.1 left side and right side both direction spread out of to the chassis with power respectively for the left output shaft 502 of diff 5 and right output shaft 503.
The left output shaft 502 of diff 5 is identical with parts and connection mode that right output shaft 503 connects, the below describes with 503 links of right output shaft and the connection mode of diff 5: the right output shaft 503 of diff 5 is connected with the brake wheel of drg 9 and the driving gear 601 in the auxiliary gear box 6 successively, front driven gear 602 in the auxiliary gear box 6 meshes with driving gear 601 respectively with rear driven gear 603, front driven gear 602 is fixed with respectively a castellated shaft 10 with male splines with rear driven gear 603, each castellated shaft 10 is socketed on the guide rail 11 on parallel and a chassis 1, the two ends of every guide rail 11 all are connected with baffle plate 12, realize that by baffle plate 12 guide rails 11 are in the location of castellated shaft 10 on axially, by guide rail to auxiliary gear box (comprising front driven gear and rear driven gear in the auxiliary gear box); the drive sprocket 701 in rocking arm 14 and the chain wheel driving mechanism 7 is played a supporting role, and can realize that auxiliary gear box 6 and rocking arm 14 are in the location of 12 of 11 liang of end-stopping plates of guide rail.The right output shaft 503 of diff 5 passes to respectively driving front gear 602 and final drive gear 603 with power through driving gear 601, thereby passes to two castellated shafts 10 through driving front gear 602 and final drive gear 602.On two castellated shafts 10 respectively movable sleeve be connected to the right side that 14, two rocking arms 14 of a rocking arm are positioned at chassis 1.
Be provided with by drive sprocket 701 chain wheel driving mechanism 7 that chain 702 and driving chain wheel 703 form in the described rocking arm 14.Wherein, 703 of drive sprocket 701 and driving chain wheels link to each other by chain 702, and drive sprocket 701 can drive driving chain wheel 703 by chain 702 and rotate.
Captive joint and being located on the same line between two rocking arms 14 of chassis 1 homonymy.Two driving chain wheels 703 link to each other with wheel 8 by axletree 801 respectively.Internal spline structure on drive sprocket 701 in two rocking arms 14 has axially, be actively socketed on the castellated shaft 10, cooperatively interact by the female splines of drive sprocket 701 and the male splines of castellated shaft 10, make two castellated shafts 10 that power is passed to respectively two drive sprockets 701, two drive sprockets 701 by chain 702 with power pass to respectively 703, two driving chain wheels 703 of two driving chain wheels the most at last power pass to respectively two wheels 8 of homonymy.Front driven gear 602 and both sides wheel 8 transmitting torques of rear driven gear 603 to homonymy in each auxiliary gear box 6 have been realized by said structure, so that front and back wheel 8 transmitting ratios are identical, when 8 one of homonymy wheels skid, when skidding does not occur in another wheel 8, make major part even whole torque pass to non-slip wheel 8, and the adhesive ability that takes full advantage of this wheel 8 produces enough propulsive efforts, make the automobile start to walk smoothly or continue to travel, improved vehicle and under rugged pavement conditions, passed through performance.
Such as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, among the present invention, two rocking arms 14 of an end that are positioned at drive sprocket 701 places of chassis 1 homonymy are connected with gear A 18 and gear B 19 respectively, gear A 18 and gear B 19 engagements.Rocking arm 14 arranged outside between two castellated shafts 10 of chassis 1 homonymy have rocker arm bonnet 15, described rocker arm bonnet 15 is comprised of two side plate 15a and a top board 15b, two side plate 15a are flexibly connected with the both sides of two rocking arms 14 of homonymy respectively, top board 15b is positioned at two rocking arm 14 tops of homonymy, and is connected between biside plate 15a.Hydraulic actuating cylinder 21 is installed on the top board 15b, the telescopic end of hydraulic actuating cylinder 21 is fixed on the rocking arm 14 in homonymy two rocking arms 14, telescopic end by hydraulic actuating cylinder 21 to the resistance of rocking arm 14 so that gear A 18 do not rotate with gear B 19, thereby realize that 14 on two rocking arms are relatively fixing.When automobile is advanced on rugged road surface, telescopic end by control hydraulic actuating cylinder 21 elongates or shortens 14 angles of two rocking arms of homonymy is regulated, the requirement of crack, stronghold height, two rocking arms 14 that drive homonymy rotate relatively, play the effect of adjusting the crack, ground.Can adjust the ground Clearance of car chassis, make vehicle adapt to different working environment and job requirement: pavement conditions is good, can fall low ground space, and vehicle's center of gravity is descended, and improves ride comfort and the crossing ability of vehicle; The road surface is rugged, when larger obstacle is arranged, carries high-clearance, makes vehicle have good obstacle climbing ability.This shows, automobile can remain that four-wheel lands simultaneously when advancing on rugged road surface, has the good ride comfort on rugged ground cross-country traveling ability and hard pavement concurrently, has the incomparable advantage of other various vehicles, adapt to the mountain region, the travelling of the rugged road surface such as hills.
Preferably, the outside at rocker arm bonnet 15 among the present invention also is equipped with feed screw nut 16, as shown in Figure 4, leading screw 16a in the feed screw nut 16 with motor 17 link to each other, motor 17 is fixed on the chassis 1 by supporting seat 13, directly drive leading screw 16a rotation by motor 17 thus, leading screw 16a is with respect to feed screw nut 16 rotations, during leading screw 16a rotation, make feed screw nut 16 produce straight-line motion, move axially along two castellated shafts 10 thereby drive two rocking arms 14 by rocker arm bonnet 15, realize the change of chassis 1 both sides wheel, 8 spacings, can make vehicle can adapt to rugged potted road surface.When power chassis of the present invention also can satisfy agricultural working machine, the different wheelspan requirements that the different crops row spacing needs simultaneously, increased the Area of bearing that wheelspan can improve vehicle, and the stability when having improved vehicle operation prevents that vehicle from toppling.
When vehicle travels at potted road surface, because 14 on homonymy two rocking arms are relatively fixing, homonymy rocking arm 14 can produce certain swing on relative spline shaft 10 circumferential direction, so that the front driven gear 602 that castellated shaft 10 can drive in the auxiliary gear box 6 rotates relative to driving gear 601 with rear driven gear 603, auxiliary gear box 6 and vehicle body all can be around the output shaft rotations of diff 5 thus, affect the stability of vehicle body, therefore, the auxiliary gear box 6 and 1 on the chassis that are positioned in the present invention 1 left and right sides, chassis are equipped with adjustment connecting rod mechanism 20, realize the adjustment of body gesture, keep vehicle body stable.Such as Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, described adjustment connecting rod mechanism 20 comprises first connecting rod 20a, second connecting rod 20b, third connecting rod 20c, the first ball pivot 20d, the second ball pivot 20e, the 3rd ball pivot 20f, the 4th ball pivot 20g, the 5th ball pivot 20h.Wherein, the first ball pivot 20d and the second ball pivot 20e respectively symmetry are installed on two auxiliary gear boxs 6, the first ball pivot 20d, the second ball pivot 21e link to each other with the 3rd ball pivot 20f, the 4th ball pivot 20g by first connecting rod 20a, second connecting rod 20b respectively, link to each other by third connecting rod 20c between the 3rd ball pivot 20f and the 4th ball pivot 20g.Center at third connecting rod 20c links to each other with chassis 1 by the 5th ball pivot 21h.Adopt ball pivot to connect, can guarantee to have between each connecting rod the degree of freedom of two rotations, when left and right sides rocking arm rotates relatively, drive first connecting rod 20a, second connecting rod 20b motion, make the 3rd ball pivot 20f and the 4th ball pivot 20g produce space motion, path of motion overlaps with the path of motion at the two ends of third connecting rod 20c, does not move interference.Thus when 10 on the rocking arm of 1 left and right sides, chassis produces relative motion, can by adjust connecting rod mechanism 20 restriction auxiliary gear boxs 6 relative to the chassis 1 rotate, make plane, 1 place, chassis remain perpendicular with homonymy two rocking arms 14 Bisector of angles, keep thus the stable of vehicle body, prevent that vehicle from turning on one's side, improve the performance of passing through of vehicle.
Described adjustment connecting rod mechanism 20 also can be installed on the drg 9 that is positioned at 1 left and right sides, chassis, as shown in Figure 7, wherein, the first ball pivot 20d and the second ball pivot 20e respectively symmetry are installed on two drgs 9, the first ball pivot 20d, the second ball pivot 21e link to each other with the 3rd ball pivot 20f, the 4th ball pivot 20g by first connecting rod 20a, second connecting rod 20b respectively, link to each other by third connecting rod 20c between the 3rd ball pivot 20f and the 4th ball pivot 20g.Center at third connecting rod 20c links to each other with chassis 1 by the 5th ball pivot 21h.Thus when 10 on the rocking arm of 1 left and right sides, chassis produces relative motion, because driving gear 601 is all with the left output shaft of diff 5 or output shaft fixed connection is arranged in drg 9 and the auxiliary gear box 6, thus by adjusting the rotation of connecting rod mechanism 20 limit stops 9, thus restriction auxiliary gear box 6 relative to the chassis 1 rotate.
H type vehicle transmission power chassis of the present invention is applied widely, can be used in the traveling gear of the military-civil vehicle in full region, mobile robot and various special equipment mobile platforms, such as dune buggy, beach car etc.