CN102286698B - Plastic mold steel and manufacture method thereof - Google Patents
Plastic mold steel and manufacture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plastic mold steel which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.25-0.29% of C, 1.30-1.50% of Mn, 0.40-0.60% of Si, 1.20-1.50% of Cr, 0.40-0.50% of Mo, 0.02-0.05% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.15% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.15% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.020% of P, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, less than or equal to 0.012% of N and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. In the manufacture method of the plastic mold steel, a quenching and tempering heat treatment process is not used, and direct air cooling after forging is carried out, thus prehardened plastic mold steel with thickness above 600 mm and uniform hardness from core to surface is manufactured. According to the plastic mold steel disclosed by the invention, the limit that the existing non-quenched and tempered mold steel has thickness smaller than 400 mm is overcome, and the requirements of mold industries on low-cost high-quality large-sized prehardened plastic mold steel are reached.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgy industry die steel manufacturing process field, be specifically related to a kind of large specification pre-hardened plastic die steel and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Mould of plastics is the important process equipment of plastics forming processing industry, accounts for first of the mould industry gross output value, and because its material usage is large, kind, specification are many, have formed special-purpose plastic die steel.The future development of present mould of plastics forward high precision, cavity, maximization, mold cavity is complicated, and requirement on machining accuracy is high, and therefore high-quality mould of plastics all adopts the pre-hardened plastic die steel manufacturing.pre-hardened plastic die steel is just to guarantee that die steel reaches the desired hardness of user and use properties by Metallurgical Factory when supplying, after the user obtains material, directly be processed into mould, no longer quench, temper just can directly be used, this class steel can be avoided quenching later in Mould Machining again, the distortion that the tempering heat treatment operation causes, cracking, the defectives such as decarburization, has simultaneously good obdurability, cutting ability and polishing performance, dimensional precision and the ratio of performance to price, suitable manufacturing is complex-shaped, accurate mould of plastics, occupy than large portion in plastic die steel market.
Current, that large specification plastic die steel product scope is the most frequently used is quenching and tempering type plastic die steel SW718H, its chemical composition is: 0.32～0.40%C, 0.20～0.40%Si, 1.10～1.50%Mn, P :≤0.025%, S :≤0.04%, 0.25～0.40%Mo, 1.70～2.00%Cr, 0.85～1.15%Ni, all the other are Fe.
Can obviously find out from above-mentioned chemical composition: the SW718H steel, carbon content is 0.32～0.40%, also contains in addition the alloying elements such as a certain amount of Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, and carbon content and carbon equivalent are all higher.There is choosing minute crystalline polamer in process of setting due to steel ingot, cause each position generation composition deviation of steel ingot, it is the composition segregation, especially in steel ingot heart section, positive segregation district for carbon in steel, be the carbon content of steel ingot upper position heart section higher than the carbon content at other position, so steel ingot positive segregation district carbon content is inevitable greater than 0.32%.Cause thus the homogeneity of section hardness not good, general section hardness difference is at 3.5HRC, and the not good meeting of the homogeneity of section hardness causes the smooth finish of mould poor, thereby has affected the die forming quality.
In addition, the manufacturing technology of SW718H steel requires to carry out modified thermal treatment after forging and molding just can reach the durometer level of pre-hardening HRC30～HRC36, soon steel moald-cavity is again inserted and is heated to 860 ℃～880 ℃ temperature in process furnace, being incubated 8～10 hours comes out of the stove, then put into large-scale quenching tank and carry out quench treatment, after being cooled to 150 ℃ when module in quenching tank, module is inserted the insulation of carrying out 10～20 hours in 550 ℃～600 ℃ tempering stoves again and processed, coming out of the stove subsequently is cooled to room temperature.This certainly will will increase the metallurgical equipment such as modified process furnace, tempering stove and quenching tank, has increased manufacturing cost, has extended the manufacturing process cycle of large specification die steel.
The hardness effect that will reach the pre-hardening module if wish to omit modified heat treatment step, present Technology can only be accomplished the specification that thickness 400mm is following.For example publication number is the manufacture method that the patent of CN1224769 discloses a kind of microalloyed plastic-mould steel, chemical composition is: 0.20～0.30%C, 0.10～0.60%Si, 1.70～2.50%Mn, 0.035～0.08%P, 0.01～0.04%S, 0.20～0.50%Mo, 0.05～0.20%V, 0.0005～0.0050%B, 0.0005～0.010%Ca etc.The characteristics that this patent Chemical Composition forms are to contain higher manganese element and micro alloying element boron, increase the hardening capacity of steel as micro alloying element by add boron in steel grade, and process its cutting ability of increase by calcium.Although the die steel of producing according to above-mentioned patent can be used as a kind of non-modified bainite shaped steel use,, it only can use as the flat hot rolled bar product of a kind of specification less than 300mm thickness.
Yet what be used at present that the mould of plastics of automotive trim panel all adopts is the pre-hardened plastic mold steel of section thickness more than 600mm.Therefore, for many years, the technician that grinds of vast metallurgical material subject is seeking a kind of novel large specification plastic die steel of non-quenching and tempering type module always, to substitute present quenching and tempering type SW718H plastic die steel, satisfy die industry to the demand of the large specification pre-hardening plastic die steel of low-cost and high-quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of plastic die steel and manufacture method thereof, this kind die steel adopts novel chemical composition proportioning, its manufacturing processed need not modified heat treatment step, air cooling after directly forging, can make heart section to the uniform pre-hardened plastic die steel of surface hardness, and be applicable to the large specification plastic die steel of thickness more than 600mm.
For achieving the above object, at first the present invention provides described plastic die steel chemical component weight percentage composition:
C 0.25～0.29％，
Mn 1.30～1.50％，
Si 0.40～0.60％，
Cr 1.20～1.50％，
Mo 0.40～0.50％，
Nb 0.02～0.05％，
Ni ≤0.15％，
Cu ≤0.15％，
P ≤0.020％，
S ≤0.015％，
N ≤0.012％，
Surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
The weight percentage design of above-mentioned chemical composition reaches following technique effect:
C:0.25～0.29%, C are hardness and the most effective elements of intensity that improves steel, and solution strengthening effect is remarkable, is the requisite element that guarantees can reach the required hardness that reaches of pre-hardening plastic die steel under non-quality adjustment condition; But the C too high levels reduces the bainite transformation temperature, is unfavorable for the formation of bainite, so the present invention is limited to 0.25～0.29% with the weight percentage of C.
Si:0.40～0.60% adds Si as reductive agent and reductor in steelmaking process, and the ferrite strengthening effect of Si is remarkable, and in the present invention, Si and Mo, Cr are used in conjunction with, and is improved erosion resistance and oxidation resistant effect.
Mn:1.30～1.50%, Mn are good reductor and sweetening agents, and the steel that contains the more general steel amount of Mn steel not only has enough toughness, and higher intensity and hardness are arranged, and can improve the hardening capacity of steel, improve the hot workability of steel; When the weight percentage of Mn is 1.30～1.50%, reduce ferritic critical transitions speed with the increase of its content is remarkable, but when the Mn too high levels, the critical speed curve tends towards stability, and can weaken the resistance to corrosion of steel, make the crystalline grain of steel alligatoring, reduce welding property.
Cr:1.20～1.50%, Cr is also the alloying element of strongly postponing perlitic transformation, in the present invention, Cr, Mn add simultaneously, effect is more obvious, more be conducive to the formation of bainite, but the Cr too high levels reduces the bainite transformation temperature, so the present invention is limited to 1.20～1.50% with the weight percentage of Cr.
Mo:0.40～0.50%, Mo has the strongly inhibited austenite to the effect of perlitic transformation, and only in the situation that solid solution just has such effect in austenite, so Mo content is unsuitable too high, otherwise will form carbide, reduce and suppress austenite to the effect of perlitic transformation.
Nb:0.02～0.05%, as one of microalloy element, Nb can with the carbon interaction, generate a small amount of NbC and dissolve in other alloy carbides the stability that increases steel, and tiny even distribution, suppress dynamic recrystallization, crystal grain thinning, thus the highly malleablized of steel is exerted an influence, can increase the hardening capacity of steel, and niobium is separated out with MC type carbide dispersion, forms strong age hardening effect.
Ni :≤0.15%, Ni is the element that significantly improves hardening capacity, but the Ni of high-content can cause suction hydrogen, so the present invention is defined as the weight percentage of Ni and is no more than 0.15%.
Cu :≤0.15%, copper can cause steel to change because the copper precipitated phase makes steel generation fragility in forging process of cooling, and therefore, the present invention is defined as the weight percentage of Cu and is no more than 0.15%, to prevent the generation of fragility.
P :≤0.020%, phosphorus increases the fragility of steel, reduces the impelling strength of steel, and the present invention is controlled at the weight percentage of phosphoric and is no more than 0.020%, can prevent from reducing the over-all properties of steel.
S :≤0.015%, element sulphur easily causes the deterioration of the processing characteristics of steel on certain degree, easily make steel produce overheated and burn-off phenomenon in hot worked process, and the weight percentage of controlling sulphur is no more than 0.015%, can improve the steel processing characteristics.
N :≤0.012%, to the control of N content, be mainly for fear of Nb and N combination, because NbN is more stable than NbC, easily forms and pile up, but not small and dispersed.
The present invention also provides the manufacture method of above-mentioned plastic die steel:
1) according to above-mentioned Chemical Composition proportioning, just refine, after external refining, be cast into 25 tons～35 tons steel ingots through electric arc furnace;
2) above-mentioned steel ingot heat-up rate with 80 ℃/hour～120 ℃/hour in forge furnace is heated to 1160 ℃～1180 ℃, be incubated after 5～8 hours, steel ingot is forged, opening and forging temperature is 1100 ℃～1150 ℃, stopping forging temperature is 850 ℃～950 ℃, forges the complete rear module that obtains forging;
3) module after above-mentioned forging is placed on naturally cools to room temperature in air.
In above-mentioned manufacture method, the control of processing parameter reaches following technique effect:
Be cast into 25 tons～35 tons steel ingots after concise outside just refining of electric arc furnace and stove: the market requirement that can satisfy on the one hand 17 tons～24 tons of large specification plastic die steel single-piece weight, large steel ingot can obtain larger forging compression ratio than little steel ingot on the other hand, can improve the segregation of the Chemical Composition of plastic die steel like this, improve homogeneity of structure.
Steel ingot is heated to be incubated 5～8 hours after 1160 ℃～1180 ℃ in forge furnace: can obtain best thermal distortion plasticity, what be conducive to forge carries out smoothly.
Opening of forging of steel ingot forged 1100 ℃～1150 ℃ of temperature, stopped forging 850 ℃～950 ℃ of temperature: be the austenite region of plastic die steel owing to opening the span of control of forging temperature and stopping forging temperature, have good high temperature ductility and deformability, can not cause the plastic die steel cracking phenomena that deforms in deformation process.
After forging, module naturally cools to room temperature in air: this processing mode is in order to forge the hardening by cooling in air of rear module, and reaches rational hardness requirement.This processing method makes the plastic die steel section hardness even, and need not modified heat treatment step, has reached equally the large specification plastic die steel prevulcanized effect of thickness greater than 600mm.In addition, because this steel grade ni content is very low, can fully expand hydrogen by this method for annealing, avoid hydrogen induced cracking.
The present invention has advantages of as follows compared with prior art:
(1) the chemical composition proportioning is more reasonable, by adding micro alloying element Nb, the alloying elements such as Cr, Ni, Mn coordinate micro alloying element Nb that compound action occurs, and component segregation is less, age hardening effect is better, has reached the Direct Air-Cooled sclerosis purpose of large specification plastic die steel.Specifically, this compound action is: Nb element and carbon interaction form niobium carbide NbC, and niobium carbide dissolves in again multiple alloy carbide Cr
7C
3, Mo
3In the alloy carbides such as C, and tiny, be evenly distributed in matrix and Mn element, Ni element form multicarbide together to the material production compound action, these compound actions can increase the stability of material, suppress dynamic recrystallization, crystal grain thinning, obdurability and the hardening capacity of raising steel.In addition, the microalloy element niobium with MC type carbide form disperse educt in the process of cooling of steel, forms strong age hardening effect in steel.
(2) the section hardness homogeneity of plastic die steel of the present invention is reduced to hardness difference 2.0HRC from original hardness difference 3.5HRC, has significantly promoted large gauge steel and has made the mold use performance.
(3) need not modified heat treatment step, make equally thickness reach prevulcanized effect greater than the large specification plastic die steel of 600mm by the mode of forging rear air cooling, the section hardness value is more than or equal to 30HRC, and section hardness is more even, saved the metallurgy equipment of the common hardening and tempering furnace that adopts of large specification pre-hardening plastic die steel and quenching tank, save manufacturing cost, shortened the large specification plastic die steel manufacturing cycle.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the metallographic microstructure comparison diagram of the plastic die steel that makes of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and SW718H steel surface and heart section, and wherein, Fig. 1-a and Fig. 1-b are the metallographic microstructure photo of SW718H steel surface and heart section; Fig. 1-c and Fig. 1-d are the metallographic microstructure photo of the plastic die steel surface that makes of embodiment 1 and heart section;
Fig. 2 is plastic die steel and the SW718H steel section hardness homogeneity correlation curve figure that the embodiment of the present invention 1 makes.
Embodiment
The following examples are used for specifically describing the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
The Chemical Composition weight percent of the present embodiment plastic die steel is: C 0.28wt%, Si0.49wt%, Mn 1.44wt%, Cr 1.40wt%, Mo 0.46wt%, Nb 0.035wt%, Ni 0.13wt%, Cu 0.11wt%, S 0.003wt%, P 0.013wt%, N 0.0098wt%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
According to above-mentioned chemical composition proportioning, carry out that electric arc furnace just refines, after external refining, be cast into 25 tons of steel ingots; Then steel ingot heat-up rate with 80 ℃/hour～120 ℃/hour in forge furnace is heated to 1165 ℃, is incubated 5.5 hours, and steel ingot is forged, and opens and forges 1110 ℃ of temperature, stops forging 930 ℃ of temperature; Forge complete after, make module after the forging that thickness is 660mm; Module after above-mentioned forging is directly placed be cooled to room temperature in air, namely obtain the pre-hardened plastic die steel that thickness is 660mm.
Through the plastic die steel that aforesaid method is made, its section hardness reaches 32HRC, and hardness is even, and the section hardness difference is HRC1.5.
The plastic die steel that above-described embodiment is made and SW718H steel carry out performance comparison and detect, and detect SW718H steel used and buy SW718H module product from the sale of the precious special die steel of Dongguan, Guangdong company, and detected result as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
The metallographic microstructure comparison diagram of the plastic die steel that accompanying drawing 1 makes for the present embodiment and SW718H steel surface and heart section, it is tempered sorbite that Fig. 1-a and Fig. 1-b demonstrate the SW718H steel surperficial, heart section is bainite, and microstructure uniformity is poor, causes the section hardness of steel inhomogeneous; Be all uniform bainite structure and Fig. 1-c and Fig. 1-d demonstrate heart section and the surface of the plastic die steel that the present invention makes, microstructure uniformity is good, and plastic die steel has obtained uniform section hardness, and performance is better.
Fig. 2 is plastic die steel and the SW718H steel section hardness homogeneity correlation curve figure that the present embodiment makes, the inhomogeneity difference of section structure directly has influence on the section hardness homogeneity, as can be seen from the figure, the difference of hardness on mould steel core section of the present invention and surface is less, and section hardness is more even.
Embodiment 2
The Chemical Composition weight percent of the present embodiment plastic die steel is: C 0.25wt%, Si0.40wt%, Mn 1.50wt%, Cr 1.20wt%, Mo 0.50wt%, Nb 0.050wt%, Ni 0.11wt%, Cu 0.12wt%, S 0.013wt%, P 0.020wt%, N 0.012wt%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
According to above-mentioned chemical composition proportioning, carry out that electric arc furnace just refines, after external refining, be cast into 35 tons of steel ingots; Then steel ingot heat-up rate with 80 ℃/hour～120 ℃/hour in forge furnace is heated to 1160 ℃, is incubated 8.0 hours, and steel ingot is forged, and opens and forges 1100 ℃ of temperature, stops forging 850 ℃ of temperature; Forge complete after, obtain module after forging that thickness is 610mm; Module after above-mentioned forging is directly placed be cooled to room temperature in air, namely obtain the pre-hardened plastic die steel that thickness is 610mm.
Through the plastic die steel that aforesaid method makes, its section hardness reaches 32HRC, and hardness is even, and the section hardness difference is HRC1.5.
Embodiment 3
The Chemical Composition weight percent of the present embodiment plastic die steel is: C 0.25wt%, Si0.60wt%, Mn 1.30wt%, Cr 1.40wt%, Mo 0.44wt%, Nb 0.020wt%, Ni 0.10wt%, Cu 0.11wt%, S 0.012wt%, P 0.016wt%, N 0.009wt%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity;
According to above-mentioned chemical composition proportioning, carry out that electric arc furnace just refines, after external refining, be cast into 25 tons of steel ingots; Then steel ingot heat-up rate with 80 ℃/hour～120 ℃/hour in forge furnace is heated to 1170 ℃, is incubated 6.0 hours, and steel ingot is forged, and opens and forges 1120 ℃ of temperature, stops forging 880 ℃ of temperature; Forge complete after, obtain module after forging that thickness is 620mm; Module after above-mentioned forging is directly placed be cooled to room temperature in air, namely obtain the pre-hardened plastic die steel that thickness is 620mm.
Through the plastic die steel that aforesaid method is made, its section hardness reaches 32HRC, and hardness is even, and the section hardness difference is HRC2.0.
Embodiment 4
The Chemical Composition weight percent of the present embodiment plastic die steel is: C 0.28wt%, Si0.48wt%, Mn 1.35wt%, Cr1.45wt%, Mo 0.48wt%, Nb 0.046wt%, Ni 0.09wt%, Cu 0.08wt%, S 0.010wt%, P 0.018wt%, N 0.0097wt%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
According to above-mentioned chemical composition proportioning, carry out that electric arc furnace just refines, after external refining, be cast into 35 tons of steel ingots; Then steel ingot heat-up rate with 80 ℃/hour～120 ℃/hour in forge furnace is heated to 1180 ℃, is incubated 6.5 hours, and steel ingot is forged, and opens and forges 1125 ℃ of temperature, stops forging 950 ℃ of temperature; Forge complete after, obtain module after forging that thickness is 610mm; Module after above-mentioned forging is directly placed be cooled to room temperature in air, namely obtain the pre-hardened plastic die steel that thickness is 610mm.
Through the plastic die steel that aforesaid method is made, its section hardness reaches 31HRC, and hardness is even, and the section hardness difference is HRC2.0.
Claims (1)
1. the manufacture method of a plastic die steel, it is comprised of following steps:
1) with the Chemical Composition proportioning, just refine, after external refining, be cast into 25 tons ~ 35 tons steel ingots through electric arc furnace, the weight percentage of described Chemical Composition is:
Surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity;
2) above-mentioned steel ingot heat-up rate with 80 ℃/hour ~ 120 ℃/hour in forge furnace is heated to 1160 ℃ ~ 1180 ℃, be incubated after 5 ~ 8 hours, steel ingot is forged, opening and forging temperature is 1100 ℃ ~ 1150 ℃, stopping forging temperature is 850 ℃ ~ 950 ℃, forges the complete rear module that obtains forging;
3) module after above-mentioned forging is placed on naturally cools to room temperature in air.
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| CN101230442A (en) * | 2007-01-22 | 2008-07-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Low-alloy untempered steel for plastic mould frame steel and method for manufacturing same |
| CN101311293B (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2010-10-13 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Large-scale mold module and method for manufacturing same |
| DE102008004371A1 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Component, in particular a motor vehicle component, made of a dual-phase steel |
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