CN102279613A - Linear voltage stabilizer with current-limiting short circuit protection - Google Patents
Linear voltage stabilizer with current-limiting short circuit protection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a linear voltage stabilizer with current-limiting short circuit protection. The linear voltage stabilizer comprises a starting circuit, a reference voltage circuit, a comparison amplifying circuit, a short circuit protection circuit, a current sampling circuit, a voltage sampling circuit and an adjusting pipe, wherein the starting circuit delivers the input voltage source into the reference voltage circuit; the reference voltage circuit provides the adjusted reference voltage to the comparison amplifying circuit; an output end of the adjusting pipe is connected in series with the current sampling circuit; the current sampling circuit feeds back the sampled output current signal to the comparison amplifying circuit; the voltage sampling circuit feeds back the sampled output voltage signal to the comparison amplifying circuit; the comparison amplifying circuit processes the output current signal and the output voltage signal and delivers to a control end of the adjusting pipe so that the adjusting pipe works in a linear area and the aim of current limiting and voltage regulation is achieved; and the short circuit protection circuit processes the acquired output voltage signal and delivers to the control end of the adjusting pipe so that the adjusting pipe is adjusted from the linear area to a shutoff area and the aim of short circuit protection is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of linear voltage regulator, be specifically related to a kind of linear voltage regulator with current limiting short circuit protection.
Background technology
Traditional electric power voltage stabilizer is the regulated output voltage of beating by relay. when fluctuation appears in line voltage, the automatic correction circuit start of electric power voltage stabilizer, make the internal relay action force output voltage to remain near the setting value, the sort circuit advantage is that circuit is simple, shortcoming is the not high and relay gearshift of beating each time of the precision of voltage regulation, all can make power supply that once instantaneous interruption takes place and produce spark to disturb.
The compensation of system stability still mainly relies on the zero point that output capacitance ESR produces, and like this to the requirement of output capacitance ESR unusual harshness just, the zone that the numerical value of ESR must be limited in a strictness can not shaken at LDO.In addition, in entire work process and steady change scope, ESR must reside in the horizontal boundary region, LDO is to the susceptibility of ESR, and ESR causes concussion to the high reliability of temperature and frequency than other any reason is all easier, new compensation scheme need large volume, expensive big electric capacity to solve this problem like this, so will be arranged.
In addition, often run in practice, easily cause short circuit, can cause circuit burnout when serious because of situation various and power supply or ground short circuit appears in maloperation, the accident that meets accident, security performance is low.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve deficiency of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of volume is little, power density is high, suitability is strong, the reliability height has pressure limiting and short-circuit protection function, linear voltage regulator safe in utilization.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of linear voltage regulator with current limiting short circuit protection, comprise start-up circuit, reference voltage circuit, comparison amplifying circuit, short-circuit protection circuit, current sampling circuit, voltage sampling circuit, adjustment pipe, it is characterized in that: start-up circuit is sent the voltage source of input into reference voltage circuit, and reference voltage circuit uses the reference voltage of adjusting for comparing amplifying circuit; The output terminal series current sample circuit of described adjustment pipe, current sampling circuit feeds back to the comparison amplifying circuit with the output current signal of sampling, voltage sampling circuit feeds back to the comparison amplifying circuit with the output voltage signal of sampling, relatively amplifying circuit is sent into the control end of adjusting pipe after output current signal and output voltage signal are handled, make and adjust plumber's work, reach the purpose of current limliting pressure regulation at linear zone; Short-circuit protection circuit is sent into the control end of adjusting pipe after the output voltage signal of gathering is handled, and the adjustment pipe is adjusted to by linear zone turn-offs the district, reaches the purpose of short-circuit protection;
Described relatively amplifying circuit comprises voltage loop and current loop, described voltage loop comprises by resistance R 5 and resistance R 11, three ends are adjustable, and stabilivolt D4 forms series circuit, the voltage signal computing that three ends are adjustable stabilivolt D4 will be provided by voltage sampling circuit after resistance R 6, R12 be coupled to the control end of adjusting pipe V2 and realize pressure regulation; Described current loop comprises that reference voltage that the adjustable stabilivolt D2 series connection of resistance R 7 and three ends forms is coupled to the adjustment end of the adjustable stabilivolt D3 of three ends by potentiometer RP1, and three ends are adjustable, and voltage that stabilivolt D3 adjusts delivers to the control end of adjusting pipe V2 through resistance R 12 realizes current limliting;
Described short-circuit protection circuit comprises stabilivolt V5, resistance R 13, photoelectrical coupler B2 and the stabilivolt V6 of series connection successively; after by stabilivolt V5, stabilivolt V6 the voltage of linear voltage regulator input and output being compared, the break-make by photoelectrical coupler B2 realizes short-circuit protection.
Further, the output terminal parallel resistance R14 of the input end of described photoelectrical coupler B2 and stabilivolt V6 and capacitor C 8 form delay circuit, reach linear voltage regulator start delay protection purpose.
Further, described reference voltage circuit comprises capacitor C 1, the C2 of voltage changer D1, shunt voltage transducer input end and is parallel to capacitor C 3, C4, the resistance R 1 of voltage changer output terminal, the anode of voltage changer output terminal connects the collector of triode V1, the base stage series resistor R4 of triode, resistance R 3 is connected between the collector and resistance R 4 of triode, and the emitter of triode connects relatively amplifying circuit.During the direct-flow input end input, produce DC voltage by voltage changer D1, DC voltage is added in the comparison amplifying circuit through triode V1, relatively amplifying circuit is according to the size of output voltage sample voltage value, deliver to the control end of adjusting pipe V2 after comparing with the signal voltage of voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit feedback, the conducting degree of pipe is adjusted in control, realizes the regulation and control of voltage and current.
Again further, described start-up circuit comprises control linkage device XP1, the photoelectrical coupler B1 that is connected with input control signal, the anode of control linkage device XP1 connects input end 1 pin of photoelectrical coupler B1 through resistance R 2, the negative terminal of control linkage device XP1 connects input end 2 pin of photoelectrical coupler, output terminal 4 pin of photoelectrical coupler B1 connect the resistance R 4 of reference voltage circuit, and output terminal 3 pin of photoelectrical coupler B1 connect the negative terminal of reference voltage circuit output terminal.Make photoelectrical coupler B1 conducting by the steady control linkage device of line XP1 control voltage, the potential change of the base stage of triode V1 is in off state, and the reference voltage that change in voltage device D1 is produced can't be delivered in the comparison amplifying circuit, and voltage stabilizer quits work; Cancel the control voltage that the steady control linkage device of line XP1 sends into again if start voltage stabilizer, make not conducting of photoelectrical coupler B1, voltage stabilizer operate as normal, thereby the break-make of realization voltage stabilizer.
Adopt technique scheme, the beneficial effect that the present invention reaches is:
1, relatively the voltage loop of amplifying circuit comprises by resistance R 5, resistance R 11, three ends are adjustable, and stabilivolt D4 forms series circuit, voltage sampling circuit is made up of resistance R 15, R16 and potentiometer RP2, with the adjustable stabilivolt D4 of three ends of delivering to the comparison amplifying circuit after the output voltage proportional sampling, the voltage signal computing that three ends are adjustable stabilivolt D4 will be provided by voltage sampling circuit realizes the pressure regulation purpose after resistance R 6, R12 are coupled to the control end of adjusting pipe V2; Relatively the current loop of amplifying circuit comprises that resistance R 7 and the adjustable stabilivolt D2 series connection of three ends form, current sample adopts copper-manganese bar R10 to be serially connected in the current signal that will flow through copper-manganese bar R10 on the output loop and converts voltage signal to and deliver to the comparison amplifying circuit, potentiometer RP1 and resistance R 9 are coupled to the adjustment end of the adjustable stabilivolt D3 of three ends, the voltage of stabilivolt D3 adjustment that three ends are adjustable is delivered to the control end of adjusting pipe V2 through resistance R 12, realizes the current limliting purpose; Copper-manganese bar R10 plays the electric current sampling action, temperature coefficient is good, can be used as current sample uses, overcome the influence of variation of ambient temperature, and the copper-manganese bar overcomes the shortcoming that conventional wires connection volume is big, connect complexity, adopt the copper-manganese bar to connect the volume that can effectively reduce voltage stabilizer, improve the system reliability index; Relatively the adjustable stabilivolt D4 of three ends, the D3 of amplifying circuit make the grid voltage of adjusting pipe V2 adjust automatically under the driving of voltage signal and current signal, thereby reach the effect of voltage stabilizing, current limliting;
2, this linear voltage regulator adjustment pipe is for connecting the adjustment element of output and input end, it is a power device, adopt the PMOS of low pressure reduction to adjust element, change in voltage trend according to input and output side, the signal of voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit is by relatively delivering to the adjustment pipe after the amplifying circuit comparison operation, impel to adjust to manage self to adjust to reach the stable of output voltage, can effectively improve system effectiveness; The voltage stabilizing diode V3 that is connected with adjustment pipe V2 plays protection V2 effect, enhanced system stability, and relatively brief introduction, reliability and the defencive function of amplifying return circuit are strong;
3, short-circuit protection is connected between input and output; by voltage stabilizing diode V5, V6; photoelectrical coupler B2; resistance R 13, R14, R8 and capacitor C 8 are formed; when the voltage difference between the input and output during greater than the voltage stabilizing value sum of voltage stabilizing diode V5, V6; photoelectrical coupler B2 conducting, the current loop through comparing amplifying circuit force adjusts pipe V2 shutoff, reaches the purpose of short-circuit protection.
This linear voltage regulator is as a closed loop feedback system, the fundamental voltage circuit requires reference voltage when input voltage changes as reference voltage source, export a stable value forever, the Power Supply Rejection Ratio that is to say it is than higher, the fundamental voltage circuit provides stable voltage signal, make the reference voltage of voltage sampling signal and reference voltage circuit compare, thereby generation error signal, by comparing the amplifying circuit function to suing for peace relatively by feedback voltage signal and reference voltage and amplifying this error signal, and then go to drive and adjust power tube, regulate output voltage and make it stable; Control when being short-circuited phenomenon by short-circuit protection circuit and to adjust pipe and close automatically to be in and turn-off the district and realize the steady autoprotection of line; this linear voltage stabilizer power density height, suitability are strong; the reliability height; have pressure limiting and short-circuit protection function; safe in utilization; and, can realize different voltages such as the 48V line is steady, the 24V line is steady, the 12V line is steady, the 5V line is steady as modular design.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a principle of the invention block diagram;
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
Among the figure: direct-flow input end XB1, output end of pressure-stabilizing XB2, control linkage device XP1, triode V1, adjust pipe V2, voltage stabilizing diode V3, V4, V5, V6, voltage changer D1, three ends are adjustable stabilivolt D2, D3, D4, capacitor C 1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, potentiometer RP1, RP2, photoelectrical coupler B1, B2, resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Principle of the invention block diagram shown in Figure 1, a kind of linear voltage regulator with current limiting short circuit protection comprises start-up circuit, reference voltage circuit, comparison amplifying circuit, short-circuit protection circuit, current sampling circuit, voltage sampling circuit and adjustment pipe, start-up circuit is sent the voltage source of input into reference voltage circuit, and reference voltage circuit uses the reference voltage of adjusting for comparing amplifying circuit; Adjust the output terminal series current sample circuit of pipe, current sampling circuit feeds back to the comparison amplifying circuit with the output current signal of sampling, voltage sampling circuit feeds back to the comparison amplifying circuit with the output voltage signal of sampling, relatively amplifying circuit is sent into the control end of adjusting pipe after output current signal and output voltage signal are handled, make and adjust plumber's work, reach the purpose of current limliting pressure regulation at linear zone; Short-circuit protection circuit is sent into the control end of adjusting pipe after the output voltage signal of gathering is handled, and the adjustment pipe is adjusted to by linear zone turn-offs the district, reaches the purpose of short-circuit protection.
Shown in Figure 2, the circuit diagram with linear voltage regulator of current limiting short circuit protection comprises direct-flow input end XB1, output end of pressure-stabilizing XB2, control linkage device XP1, triode V1, adjusts pipe V2, voltage stabilizing diode V3, V4, V5, V6, voltage changer D1, three ends are adjustable stabilivolt D2, D3, D4, capacitor C 1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, potentiometer RP1, RP2, photoelectrical coupler B1, B2 and resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16.Direct-flow input end XB1 connects the input end of adjustment pipe V2, and the output terminal resistance in series R10 that adjusts pipe V2 is connected to output end of pressure-stabilizing XB2, and resistance R 10 adopts the copper-manganese bar, parallel voltage-stabilizing diode V3 on the control end of adjustment pipe V2 and the output terminal; Voltage changer D1 input termination direct-flow input end XB1, voltage changer D1 earth terminal ground connection, shunt capacitance C1, C2 between voltage changer D1 input end and earth terminal, voltage changer D1 output terminal shunt capacitance C3, C4, the anode of voltage changer D1 output terminal connects the collector of triode V1, the base stage series resistor R4 of triode, resistance R 3 is connected between the collector and resistance R 4 of triode; The anode of the control linkage device XP1 that input control signal connects connects input end 1 pin of photoelectrical coupler B1 through resistance R 2, the negative terminal of control linkage device XP1 connects input end 2 pin of photoelectrical coupler B1, output terminal 4 pin of photoelectrical coupler B1 connect the resistance R 4 of reference voltage circuit, and the output terminal 3 foot meridian capacitor C3 of photoelectrical coupler B1 connect the negative terminal of voltage changer D1 output terminal; The emitter of triode V1 connects resistance R 5, resistance R 5 is through resistance R 11 and the adjustable stabilivolt D4 of three ends serial ground connection, be parallel with capacitor C 7 and voltage stabilizing diode V4 on three ends the are adjustable stabilivolt D4, the control end of three ends are adjustable stabilivolt D4 is through resistance R 16 and potentiometer RP2 serial ground connection, the control end of three ends are adjustable stabilivolt D4 is connected to output end of pressure-stabilizing XB2 through resistance R 15, and resistance R 5 is connected to the control end of adjusting pipe V2 through resistance R 6, R12; The emitter of triode V1 connects resistance R 7 and the adjustable stabilivolt D2 of three ends, the control end of three ends are adjustable stabilivolt D2 connects potentiometer RP1, the output terminal of potentiometer RP1 is through resistance R 9 serial ground connection, the output terminal of potentiometer RP1 connects the control end of the adjustable stabilivolt D3 of three ends, the output terminal of three ends are adjustable stabilivolt D3 connects output end of pressure-stabilizing XB2, and the input end of three ends are adjustable stabilivolt D3 is connected to the control end of adjusting pipe V2 through resistance R 12; Be in series with voltage stabilizing diode V5 between direct-flow input end XB1 and output end of pressure-stabilizing XB2, resistance R 13 and resistance R 14, be parallel with capacitor C 8 on the resistance R 14, be parallel with the photoelectrical coupler B2 and the voltage stabilizing diode V6 of mutual series connection on the resistance R 14, the output terminal of voltage stabilizing diode V6 connects output end of pressure-stabilizing XB2, the input end of voltage stabilizing diode V6 connects photoelectrical coupler B2 input end 2 pin, resistance R 13 connects photoelectrical coupler B2 input end 1 pin, photoelectrical coupler B2 output terminal 4 pin are through the anode of resistance R 8 connection voltage changer D1 output terminals, and photoelectrical coupler B2 output terminal 3 pin connect potentiometer RP1 output terminal.
Voltage difference between this linear voltage regulator direct-flow input end XB1 and the output end of pressure-stabilizing XB2 is during greater than the voltage stabilizing value sum of voltage stabilizing diode V1, V2, and photoelectrical coupler B1 conducting forces through current loop and to adjust pipe V2 and turn-off, and reaches the purpose of protection.
Common moment in start; the voltage difference of direct-flow input end XB1 and output end of pressure-stabilizing XB2 is just greater than the threshold value of protecting; make line steady once the protection of starting shooting; photoelectrical coupler B2 goes up and has connect capacitor C 8; the voltage at photoelectrical coupler two ends can not be suddenlyd change; photoelectrical coupler delay working, delay time be greater than line steady service time, thereby reach the best protection state.When user misoperation or after connect device damage and cause short circuit phenomenon; promptly output just with output negative direct short circuit; make output positive current potential moment become 0; the pressure reduction of input end and output terminal is greater than the protection threshold value at this moment; 1 jiao the voltage of photoelectrical coupler B2 is greater than the voltage stabilizing value of stabilivolt V6; make photoelectrical coupler B2 conducting, adjustment pipe V6 close automatically to be in and turn-off the district, the steady autoprotection of line is realized short-circuit protection.
When direct current 24V imports, produce direct current 12V voltage by voltage changer D1, through triode V1 12V voltage is added in the comparison amplifying circuit, relatively amplifying circuit is delivered to the control end of adjustment pipe after according to the about 0.8V calculation process of the size of output voltage sample voltage value, the conducting degree of pipe is adjusted in control, makes output voltage stabilization at 24V.When the rising of input voltage causes output voltage on the rise, the variable quantity △ U that is risen delivers to the D4 of comparison amplifying circuit in the sampling ratio, the voltage that the pipe control end is adjusted in D4 control increases to some extent, increase the conducting degree of adjusting pipe, the voltage recruitment △ U that is distributed on the adjustment pipe is added in fully adjusts on the pipe, make the 24V voltage of output stablize constant.
When maloperation or load cause the output plus terminal of voltage stabilizer and output negative terminal short circuit; make that the current potential of anode is 0; this moment, input end and output terminal had the pressure reduction of 24V; make photoelectrical coupler B2 conducting; reference voltage is directly delivered on the adjustable stabilivolt D3 of three ends of comparison amplifying circuit; make current potential moment of the control end of adjusting pipe reach the highest, adjust pipe and be in off state, reach the purpose of short-circuit protection.
When being used for the battery charge loop, voltage stabilizer has the effect that limits charging current, when the setting charging current is 20A, as the input voltage amount of changing △ U, cause charging current that the variable quantity of △ I is arranged, the copper-manganese bar is converted to voltage signal with current change quantity and delivers to the comparison amplifying circuit, relatively the control end of pipe is adjusted in amplifying circuit control, the current potential of control end is increased to some extent, increase the conducting degree of adjusting pipe, the voltage recruitment △ U that is distributed on the adjustment pipe is added in fully to be adjusted on the pipe, offset the variable quantity of charging current △ I, realized the purpose of current limliting.
When user's desire is turn-offed voltage stabilizer, send into the control voltage of 12V by the steady control linkage device of line XP1, photoelectrical coupler B1 conducting, the current potential of the base stage of triode V1 is 0, be in off state, the reference voltage 12V that change in voltage device D1 is produced can't deliver in the comparison amplifying circuit, and voltage stabilizer quits work; If start the control voltage that voltage stabilizer is cancelled the 12V that the steady control linkage device of line XP1 sends into again, make not conducting of photoelectrical coupler B1, the voltage stabilizer operate as normal.
Claims (4)
1. the linear voltage regulator with current limiting short circuit protection comprises start-up circuit, reference voltage circuit, relatively amplifies
Road, short-circuit protection circuit, current sampling circuit, voltage sampling circuit, adjustment pipe is characterized in that: start-up circuit is sent the voltage source of input into reference voltage circuit, and reference voltage circuit uses the reference voltage of adjusting for comparing amplifying circuit; The output terminal series current sample circuit of described adjustment pipe, current sampling circuit feeds back to the comparison amplifying circuit with the output current signal of sampling, voltage sampling circuit feeds back to the comparison amplifying circuit with the output voltage signal of sampling, relatively amplifying circuit is sent into the control end of adjusting pipe after output current signal and output voltage signal are handled, make and adjust plumber's work, reach the purpose of current limliting pressure regulation at linear zone; Short-circuit protection circuit is sent into the control end of adjusting pipe after the output voltage signal of gathering is handled, and the adjustment pipe is adjusted to by linear zone turn-offs the district, reaches the purpose of short-circuit protection;
Described relatively amplifying circuit comprises voltage loop and current loop, described voltage loop comprises by resistance R 5 and resistance R 11, three ends are adjustable, and stabilivolt D4 forms series circuit, the voltage signal computing that three ends are adjustable stabilivolt D4 will be provided by voltage sampling circuit after resistance R 6, R12 be coupled to the control end of adjusting pipe V2 and realize pressure regulation; Described current loop comprises that reference voltage that the adjustable stabilivolt D2 series connection of resistance R 7 and three ends forms is coupled to the adjustment end of the adjustable stabilivolt D3 of three ends by potentiometer RP1, and three ends are adjustable, and voltage that stabilivolt D3 adjusts delivers to the control end of adjusting pipe V2 through resistance R 12 realizes current limliting;
Described short-circuit protection circuit comprises stabilivolt V5, resistance R 13, photoelectrical coupler B2 and the stabilivolt V6 of series connection successively; after by stabilivolt V5, stabilivolt V6 the voltage of linear voltage regulator input and output being compared, the break-make by photoelectrical coupler B2 realizes short-circuit protection.
2. the linear voltage regulator with current limiting short circuit protection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the output terminal parallel resistance R14 of the input end of described photoelectrical coupler B2 and stabilivolt V6 and capacitor C 8 form delay circuit and reach linear voltage regulator start delay protection purpose.
3. the linear voltage regulator with current limiting short circuit protection according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: described reference voltage circuit comprises capacitor C 1, the C2 of voltage changer D1, shunt voltage transducer input end and is parallel to capacitor C 3, C4, the resistance R 1 of voltage changer output terminal; the anode of voltage changer output terminal connects the collector of triode V1; the base stage series resistor R4 of triode; resistance R 3 is connected between the collector and resistance R 4 of triode, and the emitter of triode connects relatively amplifying circuit.
4. the linear voltage regulator with current limiting short circuit protection according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: described start-up circuit comprises control linkage device XP1, the photoelectrical coupler B1 that is connected with input control signal; the anode of control linkage device XP1 connects input end 1 pin of photoelectrical coupler B1 through resistance R 2; the negative terminal of control linkage device XP1 connects input end 2 pin of photoelectrical coupler B1; output terminal 4 pin of photoelectrical coupler B1 connect the resistance R 4 of reference voltage circuit, and output terminal 3 pin of photoelectrical coupler B1 connect the negative terminal of reference voltage circuit output terminal.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110216191A CN102279613B (en) | 2011-06-21 | 2011-07-31 | Linear voltage stabilizer with current-limiting short circuit protection |
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| CN201110166387.4 | 2011-06-21 | ||
| CN201110166387 | 2011-06-21 | ||
| CN201110216191A CN102279613B (en) | 2011-06-21 | 2011-07-31 | Linear voltage stabilizer with current-limiting short circuit protection |
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| CN102279613B CN102279613B (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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| CN201110216191A Active CN102279613B (en) | 2011-06-21 | 2011-07-31 | Linear voltage stabilizer with current-limiting short circuit protection |
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| CN113625817A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-09 | 无锡天和电子有限公司 | Three-terminal fixed positive output voltage regulator and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN118130879A (en) * | 2024-05-08 | 2024-06-04 | 成都瓴科微电子有限责任公司 | LDO overcurrent detection circuit |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102355129A (en) | 2012-02-15 |
| CN102355129B (en) | 2012-09-26 |
| CN102279613B (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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