CN102277850B - Damage development mdel experimental device for process of embankment project piping-typed soils - Google Patents
Damage development mdel experimental device for process of embankment project piping-typed soils Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a model experimental device for piping damage development process of embankment project sandy soil, belonging to the field of physical model experiments of water conservancy projects. The model experimental device comprises three parts, namely a box-shaped experimental instrument, a varying head water supply device and a data acquisition device. The model experimental device can be used for simulating the seepage field change caused by seepage deformation until damage of the dyke-based sandy soil in the embankment project and erosion deformation of the sandy soil and representing the forming and developing process of piping damage of dyke-based sandy soil in the embankment project more reasonably. By adjusting types of an experimental soil sample, the piping damage phenomena of various dyke bases in the embankment project such as uniform dyke base, a dual-layer dyke base, a multilayer dyke base and the like can be simulated; and by adopting a mode of gradually increasing the water head and changing the position (the length of a seepage path) of a piping port, the piping damage and development processes under various hydraulic conditions in embankments of rivers can be simulated. The model experimental device is applicable to scientific research on piping damage relevant to embankment projects, provides guidance for design of actual embankment projects or can be used for teaching experiments of water conservancy project and gotechnical engineering disciplines.
Description
Technical field
Model experimental device for piping damage development process of embankment project sandy soil of the present invention belongs to hydraulic engineering physical experiments field, relates to a kind of hydraulic model test equipment, especially a kind of model experimental device for piping damage development process of embankment project sandy soil.
Background technology
Ground, dykes and dams downstream is pushed up by substrate artesian groundwater seepage flow and is worn the phenomenon of emitting swelling sand, be called piping, outlet gush after sand seepage flow upstream erosion development form gradually concentrated seepage channel along levee foundation, when passage arrives at the upstream, also can be at river face generation whirlpool, and levee body sinking or crack will occur and inrush.The big flood data show in a large number, and incidence is the highest in the failure mode of dyke, harmfulness is maximum in the levee foundation piping.Therefore, formation and the evolution of research dyke building piping, to the prevention piping with propose corresponding speedily carry out rescue work significant with control measures.
At present, mostly be confined to the scope of finite element seepage simulation about the numerical simulation of levee foundation failure by piping, because it can't consider the native water interaction process that particle runs off and to cause, therefore formation, evolution that can't the best explain piping.Physical experiments, principle are relatively simple, visual phenomenon, and the conclusion that draws has scientific meaning, is therefore a kind of effective research means.But levee foundation failure by piping model test method in the past can not be simulated the piping evolution, or can't come through the dynamic change of seepage field in journey by testing tube, and can only obtain the critical gradient parameter, can't describe the development process of failure by piping in detail.Be difficult to reproduce the true process that failure by piping forms, develops, therefore can not satisfy the demand of dyke building failure by piping research.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defects of existing failure by piping model test method, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of more rational dyke building sand failure by piping evolution model test equipment and test method.It can simulate the variation of embankment foundation influent field in dyke building and the seepage deformation of the levee foundation soil body, reproduces formation, the evolution of levee foundation failure by piping in dyke building.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
Model test apparatus comprises box-shaped test instrument, varying head water supply installation, data collector.
Described box-shaped test instrument, there is water inlet pipe in its left side, box-shaped groove upstream, is connected with the work durm rising pipe of varying head water supply installation with plastic water pipe through water intaking valve, and there is rising pipe in the left side, downstream; Four sand loading holes are installed on the right side, and the sand loading hole seals with blind patch, and blind patch is fixed with four bolts; Box-shaped trough floor middle part has a plurality of pressure taps along the upstream to the downstream, box-shaped groove top groove cover plate for sealing, fix with a plurality of bolts between groove cover plate and box-shaped groove, the groove lid surface all around all has the dash parapet, dash parapet middle part, downstream has overflow vent, has a plurality of piping hole along the upstream to the downstream and uses the glass stopper shutoff in the middle part of the groove lid surface; Four blocks of U-shaped steel and four screw rods fixedly are placed on the box-shaped test instrument on wooden pillar.
Described varying head water supply installation is connected and is placed on metal support by the glass infuser on top and the work durm of bottom, junction bolt banding, the glass infuser pros and cons all is carved with scale, and left side top has run-down pipe, and the right side has in uniform way water level fine setting hole under upper and uses simultaneously the glass stopper shutoff; There is water inlet pipe in work durm left side, is connected with plastic water pipe with water intaking valve respectively, and rising pipe is arranged at the bottom, is connected with box-shaped test instrument upstream water inlet pipe through outlet valve and plastic water pipe.
Described data collector is connected successively by water pressure sensor, electric bridge box, electric wire strain gauge, data collection and analysis instrument, computer.
The inner sand of box-shaped test instrument and limit wall contact portion are all done the limit wall with plasticine and are processed except the porous plate of upstream and downstream, form leak path to prevent the limit wall; Before sand loading, box-shaped groove and groove cover plate surrounding are fixed with bolt, and for the preventing water leakage surface of contact is smeared one deck plasticine, the piping mouth of groove lid surface is blocked with glass stopper; During sand loading, sand sand loading hole from the side enters, with easy to exhaust with prevent that local filling is unreal; Box-shaped test instrument dilatational strain, be fixedly clamped its top and bottom with four U-shaped steel when preventing from testing; When sensor is connected to box-shaped test instrument bottom, advance sand for preventing sensor head, wrap one deck 200 purpose gauzes at head.
Particularly, working method of the present invention is as follows:
Box-shaped test instrument internal edges wall is processed;
Box-shaped groove and groove cover plate surrounding are fixed with bolt, and surface of contact carries out preventing water leakage to be processed, the piping mouth glass stopper shutoff of groove lid surface;
Sand loading hole from the side will be tested sand and be packed into, sand layering filling, and every layer of filling be complete namely carries out compacting, exhaust and saturated processing;
Sensor head is connected bottom the box-shaped test instrument, simultaneously its afterbody is connected with Treatment Analysis instrument, computer successively with electric bridge box, dynamic resistance strain instrument, data acquisition, so far enter the Test Data Collecting stage;
Increase gradually head, when head reaches desired value, keep head a period of time, when the lower exit seepage flow is stablized, can take to change the mode of seepage paths;
From first piping mouth of downstream, open the glass stopper of piping outlet, observe immediately the state of piping mouth, as occurring without piping, the shutoff opening is opened an adjacent piping outlet of updrift side immediately, and the viewing test phenomenon is until piping appears in the piping mouth;
Piping is recorded experimental phenomena, measuring flow after occurring, until the piping development reaches steady state (SS), forms the piping passage, and test stops, and measures sanding radius, calculates simultaneously corresponding than falling.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, a kind of apparatus and method of new simulation piping are provided;
The character of 2, banketing by adjustment can be simulated the failure by piping phenomenon of all kinds of levee foundations, and the scope of application is wider;
3, by increase gradually head, change the mode of piping mouth position (seepage paths) can the true reappearance dyke building in the shape of levee foundation failure by piping
One-tenth, evolution.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that structural principle of the present invention is used schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is box-shaped test instrument front elevational schematic;
Fig. 3 is box-shaped test instrument schematic top plan view;
Fig. 4 is varying head water supply installation front elevational schematic;
Fig. 5 is varying head water supply installation schematic top plan view;
Fig. 6 is that each stage position pressure head is along the journey scatter chart;
Fig. 7 is that the local channel forms back plane equipotential line distribution plan;
Fig. 8 is that the piping passage finally forms the distribution of back plane equipotential line.
in figure: 1 screw rod, 2U shaped steel, 3 bolts, 4 box-shaped grooves, 5 groove cover plates, 6 glass stoppers, 7 piping holes, 8 pressure taps, 9 sand loading holes, 10 blind patch, 11 water inlet pipes, 12 rising pipes, 13, 28 water intaking valves, 14 dash parapets, 15 overflow vents, 16 sand samples, 17 upstream porous plates, 18 downstream porous plates, 19 wooden timberings, 20 water pressure sensors, 21 electric bridge boxes, 22 electric wire strain gauges, 23 data collection and analysis instrument, 24 computers, 25 run-down pipes, 26 work durm water inlet pipes, 27 work durm rising pipes, 29 outlet valves, 30 glass infusers, 31 work durms, 32 scales, 33 water levels are finely tuned the hole, 35 plastic water pipes, 34 glass stoppers, 36 plastic water pipes, 37 metal supports.
Embodiment
A kind of model test apparatus of simulating dyke building generation failure by piping evolution, comprise box-shaped test instrument, varying head water supply installation, data collector, there is water inlet pipe 11 in box-shaped groove 4 left sides, upstream, be connected with the work durm rising pipe (27) of varying head water supply installation with plastic water pipe 36 through water intaking valve 13, there is rising pipe 12 in the left side, downstream; Four sand loading holes 9 are installed on the right side, sand loading hole 9 use blind patch 10 sealings, and four bolts of blind patch 10 use 3 are fixed; Have a plurality of pressure taps 8 along the upstream to the downstream in the middle part of box-shaped groove 4 base plates, box-shaped groove 4 tops seal with groove cover plate 5, fixing with a plurality of bolts 3 between groove cover plate 5 and box-shaped groove 4, all around all there is dash parapet 14 on groove cover plate 5 surfaces, dash parapet 14 middle parts, downstream have overflow vent 15, and groove lid surface middle part has a plurality of piping hole 7 and with glass stopper 6 shutoff along the upstream to the downstream; Four blocks of U-shaped steel 2 and four screw rods 1 fixedly are placed on the box-shaped test instrument on support 19.
The varying head water supply installation is connected and is placed on metal support 37 by the glass infuser 30 on top and the work durm 31 of bottom, junction bolt 3 bandings, the glass infuser pros and cons all is carved with scale 32, left side top has run-down pipe 25, and the right side has in uniform way from top to bottom water level fine setting hole 33 and uses simultaneously glass stopper 34 shutoff; There is water inlet pipe 26 in work durm left side, is connected with plastic water pipe 35 with water intaking valve 28 respectively, and rising pipe 27 is arranged at the bottom, is connected with box-shaped test instrument upstream water inlet pipe 11 through outlet valve 29 and plastic water pipe 36.
Data collector is connected successively by water pressure sensor 20, electric bridge box 21, electric wire strain gauge 22, data collection and analysis instrument 23, computer 24.
The inner sand of box-shaped test instrument and limit wall contact portion are all done the limit wall with plasticine and are processed except the porous plate of upstream and downstream, form leak path to prevent the limit wall; Before sand loading, box-shaped groove and groove cover plate surrounding are fixed with bolt, and for the preventing water leakage surface of contact is smeared one deck plasticine, the piping mouth of groove lid surface is blocked with glass stopper; During sand loading, sand sand loading hole from the side enters, with easy to exhaust with prevent that local filling is unreal; Box-shaped test instrument dilatational strain, be fixedly clamped its top and bottom with four U-shaped steel when preventing from testing; When sensor is connected to box-shaped test instrument bottom, advance sand for preventing sensor head, wrap one deck 200 purpose gauzes at head.
Particularly, working method of the present invention is as follows:
Get the natural yellow ground in beach, the Changjiang river, carry out failure by piping evolution test, the yellow ground basic parameter sees Table 1.Sand loading hole 9 from the side will be tested sand and be packed into, sand layering filling, and every layer of filling be complete namely carries out compacting, exhaust and saturated processing; Water pressure sensor 20 heads are connected bottom the box-shaped test instrument, simultaneously its afterbody are connected successively with electric bridge box 21, electric wire strain gauge 22, data collection and analysis instrument 23, computer 24, so far enter the Test Data Collecting stage;
Increase gradually head, when head reaches 30cm, keep head a period of time, when the lower exit seepage flow is stablized, can take to change the mode of seepage paths;
From first piping mouth 7 of downstream, open the glass stopper 6 of piping mouth, observe immediately the state of piping mouth 7, as occurring without piping, the shutoff opening is opened an adjacent piping mouth 7 of updrift side immediately, and the viewing test phenomenon is until piping appears in piping mouth 7;
After piping occurs, record experimental phenomena, the measuring flow value is 2.47cm
3/ s until the piping development reaches steady state (SS), forms the piping passage, and test stops, and the measurement sanding radius is 12cm, and the critical gradient that calculates simultaneously is 0.75, and piping mouth gradient is 0.99.
Table 2 has been listed head individual layer levee foundation test findings at different levels.See Fig. 6 at piping development stages along each position hydraulic Head Distribution of seepage paths length direction and situation of change, the local channel forms rear seepage field distribution isogram and sees Fig. 7, and after the final formation of piping passage, the seepage field distribution isogram is seen Fig. 8.
Table 1 the Changjiang river yellow ground basic parameter
| Particle diameter/mm | Dry density/(g/cm 3) | Infiltration coefficient/(cm/s) |
| 0.06～0.6 | 1.49 | 5.27×10 -3 |
Table 2 hydrohead test results at different levels
Claims (2)
1. model test apparatus of simulating dyke building failure by piping evolution, comprise box-shaped test instrument, varying head water supply installation, data collector, it is characterized in that: there is water inlet pipe (11) in left side, box-shaped groove (4) upstream, be connected with the work durm rising pipe (27) of varying head water supply installation with plastic water pipe (36) through water intaking valve (13), there is rising pipe (12) in the left side, downstream; Four sand loading holes (9) are installed on the right side, and sand loading hole (9) seals with blind patch (10), and blind patch (10) is fixing with four bolts (3); Box-shaped groove (4) base plate middle part has a plurality of pressure taps (8) along the upstream to the downstream, box-shaped groove (4) top seals with groove cover plate (5), fixing with a plurality of bolts (3) between groove cover plate (5) and box-shaped groove (4), all around all there is dash parapet (14) on groove cover plate (5) surface, downstream dash parapet (14) middle part has overflow vent (15), and groove lid surface middle part has a plurality of piping holes (7) and with glass stopper (6) shutoff along the upstream to the downstream; Four blocks of U-shaped steel (2) and four screw rods (1) fixedly are placed on the box-shaped test instrument on support (19);
Described varying head water supply installation is connected and is placed on metal support (37) by the glass infuser (30) on top and the work durm (31) of bottom, junction bolt (3) banding, the glass infuser pros and cons all is carved with scale (32), left side top has run-down pipe (25), and the right side has in uniform way from top to bottom water level fine setting hole (33) and uses simultaneously glass stopper (34) shutoff; There is water inlet pipe (26) in the work durm left side, be connected with plastic water pipe (35) with water intaking valve (28) respectively, rising pipe (27) is arranged at the bottom, is connected with box-shaped test instrument upstream water inlet pipe (11) with plastic water pipe (36) through outlet valve (29);
Described data collector is connected successively by water pressure sensor (20), electric bridge box (21), electric wire strain gauge (22), data collection and analysis instrument (23), computer (24).
2. a kind of model test apparatus of simulating dyke building failure by piping evolution according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the test method of described device is:
A. box-shaped test instrument internal edges wall is processed, box-shaped groove and groove cover plate surrounding are fixed with bolt, and surface of contact carries out preventing water leakage to be processed, the piping mouth glass stopper shutoff of groove lid surface;
B. from the side sand loading hole will be tested sand and be packed into, sand layering filling, and every layer of filling be complete namely carries out compacting, exhaust and saturated processing;
C. sensor head is connected bottom the box-shaped test instrument, simultaneously its afterbody is connected with Treatment Analysis instrument, computer successively with electric bridge box, dynamic resistance strain instrument, data acquisition, so far enter the Test Data Collecting stage;
D. increase gradually head, when head reaches desired value, keep head a period of time, when the lower exit seepage flow is stablized, can take to change the mode of seepage paths;
E. from first piping mouth of downstream, open the glass stopper of piping outlet, observe immediately the state of piping mouth, as occurring without piping, the shutoff opening is opened an adjacent piping outlet of updrift side immediately, and the viewing test phenomenon is until piping appears in the piping mouth;
F. after piping occurs, record experimental phenomena, measuring flow, until the piping development reaches steady state (SS), form the piping passage, test stops, and measures sanding radius, calculates simultaneously corresponding than falling.
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| CN 201110114559 CN102277850B (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2011-05-05 | Damage development mdel experimental device for process of embankment project piping-typed soils |
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| CN 201110114559 CN102277850B (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2011-05-05 | Damage development mdel experimental device for process of embankment project piping-typed soils |
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