CN102269554A - Method for treating underground mine goaf by forming covering layer by chamber blasting technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for treating the goaf of underground mine by forming a covering layer by using the blasting technology of underground mine includes such steps as monitoring the stability and safety thickness of top plate, determining the safety thickness of buffer layer, optimizing the blasting scheme, arranging the positions of underground chambers, choosing blasting parameters, calculating the charge of underground chambers, preparing and installing blasting cartridges, blasting order and network lines, checking the volume of rock after blasting, and monitoring the stability of surrounding rock after blasting. After the surrounding rock at the top is caved to form a covering layer, for each layered ore in an ore pillar, a cut-off grade ore drawing mode and a roadway full-section ore drawing method are adopted to recover the ore to the maximum extent, and the recovery rate of the ore pillar can reach 65%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underground mine and handle the method in goaf, refer to that specifically a kind of Chamber Blasting of utilizing forms the method that cover layer is handled the underground mine goaf.
Background technology
At present, domestic in nonferrous metal mine mining, adopt the large percentage of open-stope method, according to incompletely statistics, it is over half that open-stope method mining accounts for, and because the improving constantly of mining machine degree, the coming into operation in a large number of trackless equipment and unmanned remote control equipment, make that the application of open-stope method is more and more wider, open-stope method will be the main mining methods of using during nonferrous metal mine will be produced from now on.
According to the open-stope method mining technology, the mineral building back production can stay a large amount of goafs after finishing, because filling cost is higher, the goaf all wouldn't be handled in most mines, causes the part studding not reclaim, and causes permanent loss, and the mineral resources waste is serious.
Chamber Blasting has: 1, can finish in a short time a large amount of cubic meters dig the fortune engineering, help accelerating engineering construction speed.2, compare with other blasting technology, its drilling engineering amount is few, and corresponding apparatus, instrument and material and power consumption are also few.3, required facility are simply light, some little engineerings even can be with manually finishing.4, work efficiency height has the advantage of saving a large amount of labours.These all make the excavation of its initial stage of ore deposit capital construction in the open, large-scale highway, railway, heap build the mine tailing district, dig aspects such as moat ditch and smooth place has obtained widely using.But, utilize report that Chamber Blasting handles the underground mine goaf but seldom.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of Chamber Blasting of utilizing and form the method that cover layer is handled the underground mine goaf, cost of the present invention is low, can lay a good foundation to the tectal formation in mine and elimination dead zone hidden danger, structure safety in production system.
The technical scheme that is adopted is: a kind of Chamber Blasting of utilizing forms the method that cover layer is handled the underground mine goaf, and concrete steps are as follows:
The ore deposit rock of getting armor rock place on the described goaf send the laboratory to make the mensuration of Tensile Strength of Rock, rock uniaxiality strength, ore deposit rock elastic module energy index, ore deposit rock elastic deformation energy index; And utilize the parameters of gained, and adopt structural mechanics, thick striding that goaf top plate stability and reasonability are analyzed and researched than method, length-width ratio beam slab method, finite value simulation, determine the safe thickness of goaf top plate; Through calculating, general goaf height becomes once linear to increase with top board, and the best is: barnyard width 50 ~ 60m, and when the stope height was 50m, the safe thickness of top board was 6 ~ 18m;
The buffer layer thickness that proposes according to she remote Ni Tuofu calculates the safe thickness that empirical equation is calculated cushion, and can draw side's amount of required barren rock according to the volume in goaf, determines the chamber blasting scheme on this basis;
The optimization of blasting scheme is selected:
According to
The middle ore deposit rock mechanics parameter of measuring reaches
In the cushion safe thickness determined, with standing, pinpoint blasting and directional blasting associating explosion avalanche country rock, form waste rock overburden, to reach the purpose of handling the goaf and making up bottom mining safety system; Specifically: mainly digging a chamber connecting taxiway near armor rock 15 ~ 35m place on the goaf, then, according to the goaf compose the requirement deposit size and to form overburden cover along the goaf one side arrange point charge, adopt the light section tunnel to link to each other between cartridge bag chamber and the connecting taxiway;
The principle that chamber is arranged is: if the goaf volume is at 20 ~ 300,000 m
3Below, adopt individual layer, single arrangement; If the goaf volume surpasses 300,000 m
3More than, adopt double-deck single mixed-arrangement;
Minimum burden W (m): selecting the minimum burden of cartridge bag, is the key problem of cloth medicine, and its value is generally got 15～30m;
Standard rendrock consumption K(kg/m
3): K is a constant, is generally 0.5 ~ 0.9 kg/m
3, rock is hard, gets big value, on the contrary, gets the small value;
Blasting action index n: generally get 0.75～1, relevant with minimum burden, when minimum burden was got big value, corresponding blasting action index was got big value, on the contrary, then gets the small value;
Charges interval a(m):
On the radius R (m) that breaks:
Under the radius R ＇ (m) that breaks:
,
β is a rupture factor, it with ground slope angle φ (°) relevant, during for solid rock,
, during for soft rock, inferior soft rock
Adopt the explosive payload of throwing and reinforcement standing:
,
In the formula: Q is an explosive payload in single chamber, kg,
E is the conversion coefficient of explosive, to No. 2 rock explosive e=1.0, and to ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture e=1.0 ~ 1.15,
K, W, n letter implication are together in the formula
In described;
Detonating material is made the cuboid wooden case that can adorn 20～30kg explosive with the thick plank of 1～2cm; Select high-quality, the uniform emulsion of density for use, guarantee that explosive density is 1.0g/cm in the detonating material
3Detonating material adds man-hour, should send out section other Nonel detonator same and pack in 3 pieces of priming bombs 6, adorns two in every piece, places detonating material explosive central authorities then, and fixes detonator, detonating material is drawn in the detonator payment to a porter, in order to using;
Chamber is put into cartridge bag central authorities with manufactured detonating material during by design dose powder charge, lay the primacord of " rice " font below the detonating material and extend to whole cartridge bag around, instantaneous during the assurance explosion energy is reached whole cartridge bag;
According to compensating space in blasting and designing requirement, utilize the time delay of millisecond detonator to detonate successively sequentially, blasting network adopts the dual priming network; When laying the dual priming network, primacord is passed the tunnel tamper under the protection of plastic tube;
Amount checking computations in rock side's after the explosion:
Behind the chamber blasting, when treating the country rock safety and stability explosion scene is surveyed, whether met design side's amount to check shot rock side's amount, measured rock side after the quick-fried heap that adopts multiaspect to face vacant lot shape calculated explosion;
Main detect the secondary balancing whether country rock behind the chamber blasting reaches stress, absent variablely collapse on a large scale that to fall be exactly stable, sporadicly inbreak belongs to normal condition.
It is simple that the present invention has technology; safe; cost is low, the obvious results characteristics; with avalanche rock fill goaf; form rock protection bed course on top, dead zone; alleviate even the concentration phenomenon that eliminates stress, impact wave and mechanical shock are to development heading, extractive equipment and personnel's harm when having prevented the suddenly a large amount of inbreak of top country rock.Avalanche top country rock forms after the cover layer, for the ore of each layering in the ore pillar, adopts cut off grade ore drawing mode and tunnel full section ore removal method to reclaim ore to greatest extent, and the rate of recovery of ore pillar can reach 65%.Therefore the present invention to the tectal formation in mine, fully reclaim mineral resources, make up the Mine Safety in Production system and have laid a good foundation.
Description of drawings
The quick-fried heap that Fig. 1 faces vacant lot shape for multiaspect of the present invention calculates schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Below the specific embodiment of the present invention and beneficial effect are described in further detail.
A kind of Chamber Blasting of utilizing forms the method that cover layer is handled the underground mine goaf, and concrete steps are as follows:
The ore of getting armor rock place on the described goaf send the laboratory to make the mensuration of Tensile Strength of Rock, rock uniaxiality strength, ore deposit rock elastic module energy index, ore deposit rock elastic deformation energy index mechanics parameter; And utilize the parameters of gained, and adopt structural mechanics, thick striding that goaf top plate stability and reasonability are analyzed and researched than method, length-width ratio beam slab method, finite value simulation, determine the safe thickness of goaf top plate; Through calculating, general goaf height becomes the once linear growth with top board, and the best is: barnyard width 50 ~ 60m, when the stope height was 50m, the safe thickness of top board was 6,8,10,12,14,16 or 18m.
By calculating, determine the cushion safe thickness:
The buffer layer thickness that proposes according to she remote Ni Tuofu calculates the safe thickness that empirical equation is calculated cushion, can draw side's amount of required barren rock according to the volume in goaf, determines the chamber blasting scheme on this basis; Concrete computing formula is:
, in the formula: h
bBe buffer layer thickness, m; k
cBe the cushion rock coefficient of roughness, k
c=6.6 * 10
-2d
a(d
aFor the average diameter of rock, get 0.5m), m; H is that cushion is to goaf top plate height, m; L is the collapse of roof layer thickness, m; F
0For the collapse of roof aspect is amassed m
2F is the top board exposed area, m
2
Ore deposit rock mechanics parameter and cushion safe thickness according to above mensuration, method with reference to domestic and international exemplary process goaf, concrete geology, the underground goaf occurrence condition of requirement and mine according to engineering construction, in conjunction with practical experience, a kind of economical rationality, technical feasibility, safe and reliable Chamber Blasting scheme are proposed, this technical scheme is integrated, and standing, pinpoint blasting and directional blasting three technology come the avalanche country rock, form waste rock overburden, to reach the purpose of handling the goaf and making up bottom mining safety system; Specifically: mainly digging a chamber connecting taxiway near armor rock 15,20,25,30 on the goaf or 35m place, this distance is excessive, not only strengthens chambervolume but also can't guarantee becoming flexible and the throwing effect of explosion; This distance is too small, implements engineering near dish on the goaf and has certain potential safety hazard.Then, according to the goaf compose the requirement deposit size and to form overburden cover along the goaf one side arrange point charge, the cartridge bag chamber with get in touch between adopt 1.2m * 1.5m(length * height) the light section tunnel link to each other.
According to engineering specific requirement and explosion principle, characteristics in conjunction with pinpoint blasting, standing, directional blasting and Chamber Blasting, require the concrete effect that reaches according to the occurrence status in goaf and waste rock overburden, the principle that chamber is arranged is: little if volume is deposited in the goaf tax, and at 20 ~ 300,000 m
3Below, adopting individual layer, single arrangement, the blasting engineering amount is little, and blasting network is simple to operation relatively; If composing, the goaf deposits volume above 300,000 m
3More than, in the time of can not forming the cover layer that meets the demands behind the individual layer chamber blasting, adopting double-deck single mixed-arrangement, demolition effect is better like this, and the sillar size that produces during explosion is more even.
Minimum burden W (m): selecting the minimum burden of cartridge bag, is the key problem of cloth medicine, and its concrete value is decided by designer's experience and individual preference, generally gets 15,20,25 or 30m.
Standard rendrock consumption K(kg/m
3): K is a constant, rule of thumb and the hard degree of standing character and rock, is generally 0.5 ~ 0.9 kg/m
3, rock is hard, gets big value, on the contrary, gets the small value.
Blasting action index n: generally get 0.75～1, relevant with minimum burden, when minimum burden was got big value, corresponding blasting action index was got big value, on the contrary, then gets the small value.
Charges interval a(m):
,
On the radius R (m) that breaks:
,
Under the radius R ＇ (m) that breaks:
,
In the above-mentioned formula: β is a rupture factor, it with ground slope angle φ (°) relevant, for solid rock
, for soft rock, inferior soft rock
W is a minimum burden, m; N is a blasting action index.
The formula of above-mentioned employing is all introduced from open-air chamber blasting, and optimization forms according to field practice.Wherein: the minimum burden W of cartridge bag, its value generally is not more than 50m in the open-air chamber blasting, take all factors into consideration factors such as underground chamber compensating space in blasting, construction work amount and techno-economic effect, and determine finally that by a large amount of field practices the minimum burden value of cartridge bag is between 15～30m; Blasting action index n chooses, and gets 1～1.25 when facing vacant lot shape pinpoint blasting for the multiaspect of open-air chamber blasting, gets 0.7～0.8 when strengthening standing, and this method is after a large amount of practices, and the experience value is 0.75～1.Therefore, the present invention in the underground mine chamber blasting, has certain directive significance to the formula better application that adopted in the open-air chamber blasting.
Adopt the explosive payload of throwing and reinforcement standing:
,
In the formula: Q is an explosive payload in single chamber, kg,
E is the conversion coefficient of explosive, to No. 2 rock explosive e=1.0, and to ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture e=1.0 ~ 1.15,
K, W, n letter implication are together in the formula
Described in.
Detonating material is made the cuboid wooden case that can adorn 20～30kg left and right sides explosive with the thick plank of 1～2cm.High-quality, the uniform emulsion of density are selected in requirement for use, guarantee that explosive density is 1.0g/cm in the detonating material
3, its effect is to prevent the passivation of explosive pressurized and pull the accident that lead takes place.Detonating material adds man-hour, should send out section other Nonel detonator same and pack into that (explosive density is 1.0g/cm in the priming bomb in 3 pieces of priming bombs with 6
3), adorn two in every piece, place detonating material explosive central authorities then, and fix detonator, detonating material is drawn in the detonator payment to a porter, in order to using.
Chamber is put into cartridge bag central authorities with manufactured detonating material during by design dose powder charge, lay the primacord of " rice " font below the detonating material and extend to whole cartridge bag around, instantaneous during the assurance explosion energy is reached whole cartridge bag.
Firing order and blasting network on line:
According to compensating space in blasting and designing requirement, utilize the time delay of millisecond detonator to detonate successively sequentially, blasting network adopts rare dual priming network in the chamber blasting field, the security reliability height, and by the effect of dual priming network detonator elementary errors, during 3 ~ 5 chambers of once detonation, short-delay blasting has not only strengthened the explosion power of explosive, and guaranteed that blast back detonation wave reflection stretching action and remnants scratch the effect of ripple, thereby guaranteed that explosive is fully broken to country rock, greatly improved demolition effect.
During dual priming network that employing was not used, primacord is passed the tunnel tamper under the protection of plastic tube in the chamber blasting field, in order to avoid the sliver that the detonating network network flies up after by the solid rock of padding and explosion destroys.
Behind the chamber blasting, when treating the country rock safety and stability explosion scene is surveyed, whether is met design side's amount with checking computations shot rock side amount,
The quick-fried heap that rule of thumb adopts multiaspect to face vacant lot shape calculates.As shown in Figure 1: O is the chamber center, and W is a minimum burden, and P is a visible depth, and φ is a ground line gradient, the OA radius that breaks on being, OB under the radius R that breaks, OB ＇ is the visible funnel radius R in below
K, dash area is loosening area A
Pine, ADB ＇ is the throwing area A
Ai,
As seen funnel radius R
k(be OB ＇ line, m):
,
As seen funnel degree of depth P(m):
,
W, n, φ letter implication are together in the formula
Described in;
Total explosion side amount V
cFor the ACB area (is A
c) multiply by corresponding calculating section apart from d
iThrowing side's amount can (be A by average throwing area A DB ＇
Ai), the average loosening area A CBB ＇ D(in the funnel is A
Pine), loose coefficient △ v and of native lycopod accordingly apart from d
iTry to achieve, di=1～1.2W rule of thumb,
Explosion side amount V
C(solid yardage, m
3):
Throwing side amount V
A(m
3):
W, n, φ letter implication are together in the above-mentioned formula
Described in;
Can be difficult to accurately metering but implement the back by measuring or the checking of actual Measurement of Earthwork and Stonework Quantities behind the chamber blasting in the open in the underground chamber explosion, according to a large amount of practices, the corresponding calculating section during total explosion side's amount formula calculated apart from d
iValue be 1～1.2W, can this value of inverse reasonable by dead zone cubing before and after the explosion.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is utilized Chamber Blasting to form the method that cover layer is handled the underground mine goaf, and it is characterized in that: concrete steps are as follows:
The ore deposit rock of getting armor rock place on the described goaf send the laboratory to make the mensuration of Tensile Strength of Rock, rock uniaxiality strength, ore deposit rock elastic module energy index, ore deposit rock elastic deformation energy index; And utilize the parameters of gained, and adopt structural mechanics, thick striding that goaf top plate stability and reasonability are analyzed and researched than method, length-width ratio beam slab method, finite value simulation, determine the safe thickness of goaf top plate; Through calculating, general goaf height becomes once linear to increase with top board, and the best is: barnyard width 50 ~ 60m, and when the stope height was 50m, the safe thickness of top board was 6 ~ 18m;
The buffer layer thickness that proposes according to she remote Ni Tuofu calculates the safe thickness that empirical equation is calculated cushion, and can draw side's amount of required barren rock according to the volume in goaf, determines the chamber blasting scheme on this basis;
According to
The middle ore deposit rock mechanics parameter of measuring reaches
In the cushion safe thickness determined, with standing, pinpoint blasting and directional blasting associating explosion avalanche country rock, form waste rock overburden, to reach the purpose of handling the goaf and making up bottom mining safety system; Specifically: mainly digging a chamber connecting taxiway near armor rock 15 ~ 35m place on the goaf, then, according to the goaf compose the requirement deposit size and to form overburden cover along the goaf one side arrange point charge, adopt the light section tunnel to link to each other between cartridge bag chamber and the connecting taxiway;
The arrangement of chamber position:
The principle that chamber is arranged is: have 20 ~ 300,000 m if compose in the goaf
3Below, adopt individual layer, single arrangement; If composing, the goaf deposits volume above 300,000 m
3More than, adopt double-deck single mixed-arrangement;
Minimum burden W (m): selecting the minimum burden of cartridge bag, is the key problem of cloth medicine, and its value is generally got 15～30m;
Standard rendrock consumption K(kg/m
3): K is a constant, is generally 0.5 ~ 0.9 kg/m
3, rock is hard, gets big value, on the contrary, gets the small value;
Blasting action index n: generally get 0.75～1, relevant with minimum burden, when minimum burden was got big value, corresponding blasting action index was got big value, on the contrary, then gets the small value;
Charges interval a(m):
On the radius R (m) that breaks:
Under the radius R ＇ (m) that breaks:
In the above-mentioned formula: β is a rupture factor, it with ground slope angle φ (°) relevant, during for solid rock
, during for soft rock, inferior soft rock
W is a minimum burden, m; N is a blasting action index;
Each heading charge amount is calculated:
Adopt the explosive payload of throwing and reinforcement standing:
,
In the formula: Q is an explosive payload in single chamber, kg,
E is the conversion coefficient of explosive, to No. 2 rock explosive e=1.0, and to ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture e=1.0 ~ 1.15,
K, W, n letter implication are together in the formula
Described in;
Detonating material is made the cuboid wooden case that can adorn 20～30kg explosive with the thick plank of 1～2cm; Select high-quality, the uniform emulsion of density for use, guarantee that explosive density is 1.0g/cm in the detonating material
3Detonating material adds man-hour, should send out section other Nonel detonator same and pack in 3 pieces of priming bombs 6, adorns two in every piece, places detonating material explosive central authorities then, and fixes detonator, detonating material is drawn in the detonator payment to a porter, in order to using;
Chamber is put into cartridge bag central authorities with manufactured detonating material during by design dose powder charge, lay the primacord of rice font below the detonating material and extend to whole cartridge bag around, instantaneous when guaranteeing explosion energy is reached whole cartridge bag;
According to compensating space in blasting and designing requirement, utilize the time delay of millisecond detonator to detonate successively sequentially, blasting network adopts the dual priming network; When laying the dual priming network, primacord is passed the tunnel tamper under the protection of plastic tube;
Behind the chamber blasting, when treating the country rock safety and stability explosion scene is surveyed, whether met design side's amount to check shot rock side's amount, measured rock side after the quick-fried heap that adopts multiaspect to face vacant lot shape calculated explosion;
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| CN102808622A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2012-12-05 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for recovering ore pillar by medium-length hole and deep hole combined blasting technology |
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| CN103823992A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-05-28 | 江西理工大学 | Dimension analysis-based metal mine goaf overlaying strata caving height prediction method |
| CN103823992B (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2018-04-24 | 江西理工大学 | Metal mine overburden of the goaf based on dimensional analysis is caving Height Prediction method |
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