CN102268695A - Plate-type cathode current collecting aluminum electrolysis tank - Google Patents
Plate-type cathode current collecting aluminum electrolysis tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN102268695A CN102268695A CN201110237561XA CN201110237561A CN102268695A CN 102268695 A CN102268695 A CN 102268695A CN 201110237561X A CN201110237561X A CN 201110237561XA CN 201110237561 A CN201110237561 A CN 201110237561A CN 102268695 A CN102268695 A CN 102268695A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plate-type cathode current collecting aluminum electrolysis tank which comprises a bottom fire-resistant heat-insulation structure and a cathode carbon block (5), wherein the cathode carbon block (5) is free of a dovetail groove; a copper or copper alloy plate (4) is arranged on the bottom fire-resistant heat-insulation structure; the bottom of the cathode carbon block (5) is bonded with the copper or copper alloy plate (4); and a soft bus is welded to the side or bottom of the copper or copper alloy plate (4). By collecting the cathode current with the copper or copper alloy plate, the aluminum electrolysis tank disclosed by the invention greatly reduces the horizontal current in liquid aluminum, reduces the fluctuation of the liquid aluminum, stably runs at low polar distance and low aluminum level, and simultaneously reduces the horizontal temperature gradient in the cathode carbon block so as to prolong the service life of the tank.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminium cell, particularly relate to a kind of aluminium cell of producing metallic aluminium with fused salt electrolysis process.
Background technology
At present, industrial primary aluminum is produced by sodium aluminum fluoride-alumina molten salt electrolysis method, and main equipment is an aluminium cell.In process of production, electric current enters melt in the electrolyzer (the aluminium liquid of the ionogen on upper strata and lower floor) through the bus conduction by anode, be collected to rod iron through negative electrode again, export to bus by rod iron, enter next groove again, melt has certain impedance in the groove, electric current produces that corresponding heat is kept ionogen and aluminium liquid is in high temperature fused state, high-intensity electric current produces corresponding magnetic field simultaneously, magnetic field and electric field interact and form electromagnetic force field driving melt rapid movement, and producing a large amount of bubbles by electrochemical reaction at anode surface, bubble is risen by buoyancy and further stirs ionogen.
Usually in industrial aluminum electrolysis bath, pole span maintains 4～5cm, and the aluminium horizontal dimension is held in about 20cm.Because electrolytical electroconductibility is relatively poor, the interpolar pressure drop has accounted for about 1/3 of bath voltage, whenever reduces the 1cm pole span, can make bath voltage reduce by 300～350mv approximately, this shows, reducing pole span is the most important approach that reduces the electrolysis of aluminum energy consumption under existing production method.Yet, reducing under the situation of pole span, be prone to the magnetic fluid wild effect in the groove, be the aggravation of aluminium liquid vertical fluctuation, make production to stablize and carry out, simultaneously, reducing pole span makes the heat income of electrolyzer reduce, under the fixed situation of groove insulation construction, need the corresponding aluminium level that reduces with the maintenance heat balance, can cause the magnetic fluid wild effect equally and reduce the aluminium level.Based on this, improve hydromagnetic stability, it is moving to eliminate the aluminium fluid wave, is to realize energy-conservation key problem.The horizontal current that has a certain size in the aluminium cell in the aluminium liquid, and when aluminium liquid-electrolyte interface fluctuation caused current disturbing or cause in the groove distribution of current inequality under special operation conditions such as change poles, the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid can aggravate.The field of aluminum electrolysis correlative study shows, the existence of horizontal current is the important factor that causes the aluminium fluid wave moving in the aluminium liquid, and reducing in the aluminium liquid horizontal current, can effectively to weaken the aluminium fluid wave moving.
On the other hand, there is big thermograde in conventional aluminum cathode carbon block of electrolytic bath horizontal direction, then is prone to localized heat stress concentration phenomenon, can cause the negative electrode breakage, influences cell life, and therefore reducing the cathode block horizontal temperature gradient can improve cell life.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides and a kind ofly can reduce horizontal current in the aluminium liquid, reduces the board-like cathode collector mode aluminium cell of horizontal temperature gradient in the carbon piece.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, board-like cathode collector mode aluminium cell provided by the invention, comprise bottom fire resistant heat preserving structure and cathode block, described cathode block does not have dovetail-indent, on the fire resistant heat preserving structure of described bottom, be provided with copper or copper alloy plate, the bottom of described cathode block and described copper or copper alloy plate are bonding, are welded with soft bus in the sidepiece or the bottom of described copper or copper alloy plate.
The bottom of described cathode block and described copper or copper alloy plate are stuck with paste bonding by carbon element.
Described copper or copper alloy plate are in the following continuous distribution of described cathode block, and the thickness of described copper or copper alloy plate is 5～40mm.
Adopt the board-like cathode collector mode aluminium cell of technique scheme, the bottom of cathode block is stuck with paste bonding with copper that is positioned at bottom fire resistant heat preserving superstructure or copper alloy flaggy by carbon element.Cathode block does not have dovetail-indent, its material is the same with the cathode block of traditional electrolyzer, it can be the cathode block of being made by hard coal, also can be the cathode block that broken or hard coal and the broken compound of synthetic graphite are made by synthetic graphite, can also be the cathode block of greying or semi-graphited.
In the board-like cathode collector mode of the present invention aluminium cell, copper or copper alloy plate are in the complete even continuous distribution of groove cathode bottom, and the thickness of copper or copper alloy plate is 5～40mm, and the cathode block height is 240～350mm.Adopt sidepiece to go out the scheme of electric mode, soft bus welds mutually with copper or copper alloy plate side, is connected to negative busbar again; Adopt the bottom to go out the scheme of electric mode, at copper or some vertical rod irons of copper alloy plate bottom welding, the rod iron the other end links to each other with soft bus.
Adopting method that board-like cathode collector mode aluminium cell provided by the invention produces metallic aluminium is the same with the method for traditional Aluminium Electrolysis metallic aluminium basically.Its aluminium level is 5～22cm, and electrolyte level is 12～22cm, and pole span is 2.5～4.5cm, and electrolysis temperature is 915～960 ℃, and the electrolyte molecule ratio is 2.0～2.8, and alumina concentration is 2～5%.
The major cause that causes the big horizontal current of existence in the aluminium liquid is that the specific conductivity of aluminium liquid significantly is better than ionogen and cathode block, also is better than the cathode steel bar under the high temperature.At existing aluminium cell this defective structurally, the cathode collector mode aluminium cell that replaces rod iron with copper or copper alloy plate provided by the invention, because copper or copper alloy electroconductibility are better than aluminium liquid, so horizontal current can be transferred to the copper or the copper alloy plate of cathode block bottom by the aluminium liquid layer, in addition, copper coin and aluminium liquid thermal conductivity are good, make cathode block end face and bottom surface be approximately isothermal surface, thereby reduce horizontal temperature gradient in the carbon piece.Copper or copper alloy fusing point are higher than the electrolysis of aluminum working temperature, and mechanical property and welding property are good, can satisfy aluminium cell selection requirement.
Board-like cathode collector mode aluminium cell provided by the invention, can significantly reduce the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid, reduce the fluctuation of aluminium liquid under nominal situation and the special operation condition, make that aluminium cell can steady running under low pole span, low aluminium level, simultaneously can reduce horizontal temperature gradient in the cathode block, help eliminating the thermal stresses concentration phenomenon in the cathode block.Novel cathode current collection mode aluminium cell of the present invention can reduce the Aluminium Electrolysis energy consumption, improves bath life.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 goes out the cathode collector mode aluminum cell structure schematic front view of electricity for sidepiece.
Fig. 2 goes out the cathode collector mode aluminum cell structure diagrammatic side view of electricity for sidepiece.
Fig. 3 goes out the cathode collector mode aluminum cell structure schematic front view of electricity for the bottom.
Fig. 4 goes out the cathode collector mode aluminum cell structure diagrammatic side view of electricity for the bottom.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments invention is described further.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the board-like cathode collector mode aluminium cell of the present invention rectangular box structure that is uncovered.The outside of this electrolyzer is a steel pot shell 1; Be lined with calcium silicate board 2 in the steel pot shell 1; On bottom calcium silicate board 2, lay refractory materials and lagging material 3; Be provided with copper or copper alloy plate 4 on refractory materials and lagging material 3, its thickness is 5～40mm; Be provided with on copper or the copper alloy plate 4 with carbon element and stick with paste 6 cathode blocks 5 bonding with it, cathode block 5 is by hard coal, or synthetic graphite is broken, or the mixture of the two is made, also can be to make with semi-graphited or graphited carbon piece, the height of cathode block 5 is 240～300mm, and 5 of cathode blocks are stuck with paste 6 with carbon element and made firm by ramming; Lateral lining in the electrolyzer is a carbon piece 7, also be to use hard coal, or synthetic graphite is broken, or the mixture of the two makes, and also can be the carbon piece of greying or semi-graphited, and carbon piece 7 also can be to make with silicon carbide or silicon nitride material; The carbon piece of lateral lining is made firm by ramming with refractory concrete 8 on the refractory materials of bottom and the lagging material 3 below 7, sticks with paste 6 with carbon element and make firm by ramming between the cathode block 5 of carbon piece 7 and bottom.By Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as can be seen, this board-like cathode collector mode aluminium cell, it is the same with existing industrial aluminum electrolysis bath that the carbon element between its cell body, shell, liner insulation construction, cathode block and the carbon piece is stuck with paste structure.Cathode block 5 no dovetail-indent and the cathode steel bars that different is at bottom of electrolytic tank, cathode block 5 belows exist and bonding copper or the copper alloy plate 4 in cathode block 5 bottom surfaces, electrolyzer of the present invention compiles cathodic current by copper or copper alloy plate 4, if adopt the electrolyzer sidepiece to go out electric scheme, then with soft bus and copper or the welding of copper alloy plate 4 sidepieces.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, electrolyzer of the present invention compiles cathodic current by copper or copper alloy plate 4, if adopt bottom of electrolytic tank to go out electric scheme, then at copper or some vertical rod irons 9 of copper alloy plate 4 bottoms welding, vertical rod iron 9 is stretched out by trench bottom, and the other end is connected with soft bus.
The method that adopts board-like cathode collector mode aluminium cell provided by the invention to produce metallic aluminium is as follows:
1, builds and constructs electrolyzer by board-like cathode collector mode aluminium cell provided by the invention.
2,, implement roasting and startup to cathode collector mode aluminium cell of the present invention by roasting method and the startup method the same with existing electrolyzer.
3, in the ordinary production technical supervision behind electrobath start, the aluminum liquid horizontal in the electrolyzer is 5～22cm, and pole span is 2.5～4.5cm, electrolysis temperature is 915～960, the electrolyte molecule ratio is 2.0～2.8, and alumina concentration is 2～5%, and bath voltage is 3.3V～4.2V.Under above-mentioned technology condition, be in the main reaction that cathode surface took place:
Al
3+(complexing ion)+3e=Al.
Claims (3)
1. board-like cathode collector mode aluminium cell, comprise bottom fire resistant heat preserving structure and cathode block (5), it is characterized in that: the no dovetail-indent of described cathode block (5), on the fire resistant heat preserving structure of described bottom, be provided with copper or copper alloy plate (4), the bottom of described cathode block (5) and described copper or copper alloy plate (4) are bonding, are welded with soft bus in the sidepiece or the bottom of described copper or copper alloy plate (4).
2. board-like cathode collector mode aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the bottom of described cathode block (5) and described copper or copper alloy plate (4) are stuck with paste bonding by carbon element.
3. board-like cathode collector mode aluminium cell according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described copper or copper alloy plate (4) are in the following continuous distribution of described cathode block (5), and the thickness of described copper or copper alloy plate (4) is 5～40mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110237561XA CN102268695A (en) | 2011-08-18 | 2011-08-18 | Plate-type cathode current collecting aluminum electrolysis tank |
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| CN201110237561XA CN102268695A (en) | 2011-08-18 | 2011-08-18 | Plate-type cathode current collecting aluminum electrolysis tank |
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| CN201110237561XA Pending CN102268695A (en) | 2011-08-18 | 2011-08-18 | Plate-type cathode current collecting aluminum electrolysis tank |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4795540A (en) * | 1987-05-19 | 1989-01-03 | Comalco Aluminum, Ltd. | Slotted cathode collector bar for electrolyte reduction cell |
| CN101545118A (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-09-30 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院 | Method for reducing horizontal current in aluminum liquid of aluminum electrolysis cell |
-
2011
- 2011-08-18 CN CN201110237561XA patent/CN102268695A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4795540A (en) * | 1987-05-19 | 1989-01-03 | Comalco Aluminum, Ltd. | Slotted cathode collector bar for electrolyte reduction cell |
| CN101545118A (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-09-30 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院 | Method for reducing horizontal current in aluminum liquid of aluminum electrolysis cell |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张艳芳等: "铝电解槽阴极对水平电流影响的模拟与分析", 《2007中国国际铝冶金技术论坛论文集》 * |
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Application publication date: 20111207 |