CN102258155B - Artificial compound feed for perca fluviatilis and feeding method - Google Patents
Artificial compound feed for perca fluviatilis and feeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102258155B CN102258155B CN2011102500145A CN201110250014A CN102258155B CN 102258155 B CN102258155 B CN 102258155B CN 2011102500145 A CN2011102500145 A CN 2011102500145A CN 201110250014 A CN201110250014 A CN 201110250014A CN 102258155 B CN102258155 B CN 102258155B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial compound feed for perca fluviatilis. The artificial compound feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8.0 to 51.5 percent of fish meal, 1.00 percent of fish oil, 1.00 percent of corn oil, 0.24 percent of choline chloride, 1.1 percent of vitamin premix, 1.9 percent of inorganic salt premix, 0.55 percent of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.18 percent of lysine, 0.45 percent of methionine, 8.2 to 15.46 percent of bran, 21.2 to 26.6 percent of wheat middling, 6.01 to 12.82 percent of rapeseed dregs, 0.88 to 2.65 percent of globin powder, 14.87 to 16.79 percent of bean pulp, 10.23 to 12.47 percent of cottonseed pulp and 2.5 to 5.8 percent of yeast; and the components are puffed into a floating granular feed by a conventional method. The invention also discloses a perca fluviatilis feeding method. According to a culture mode of mainly feeding the perca fluviatilis and matching carp, bighead carp, silver carp, tincaeus, grass carp and pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson, the perca fluviatilis can be completely domesticated to take the compound feed in 7 to 15 days by adopting the compound feed and a unique intake domesticating method; the feed problem is solved, the water layer and the bait resource of a culture water area are fully utilized, and the growth speed and the yield of the perca fluviatilis are improved; and the compound feed can be used for large-scale culture of the perca fluviatilis.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture field, exactly is a kind of Eurasian perch artifical compound feed and method for breeding.
Background technology
Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) belongs to that Perciformes, Percidae, perch belong to, claim again that perch, five roads are black, multicolored spot fish and perca fluviatilis etc.Being distributed widely in the northern cold temperate in Europe and Asia, only originating in the Eerqisihe River in Xinjiang, black human relations Furukawa waters and Bosten in China, is the famous-brand and high-quality indigenous kind of a kind of famous and precious cold temperate fresh water; This flesh of fish matter is fresh and tender, and smooth few thorn is rich in essential amino acid, is rich in protein, and fat content is lower, is the treasure in the freshwater fish, spreads and have the saying of " taste stop perch do not think fish ", favored by the consumer; Having eurysalinity and eurythermic, fast growth, especially adapt to the lower reservoir of long-term water temperature and culture and characteristics such as premunition is strong, because Eurasian perch is voracious and be prone to angle, is again fan's one of the fish products kind of fishing of fishing.
According to the nutritive value of Eurasian perch, good adaptability and advantages such as the premunition and the market price, can in pond culture and reservoir cage culture, promote, under natural cultivating condition; The seedling phase is a main bait with planktonic organisms such as wheel animalcule, cladocera, Copepods; Sometimes also ingest aquatic insect and microcrustacean etc., adult fish is a food with small-sized fish and shrimp, but scale is when raising; Natural fresh and alive forage fiss and ice fresh fish are difficult to sufficient the supply; It cuts one another's throat when the feed shortage, and the fingerling of buying on the existing market all is the fingerling of feeding forage fiss, to the existing certain opposing of the artifical compound feed of ingesting; Increased certain degree of difficulty to domestication, so artifical compound feed is ingested and tamed the bottleneck problem that Eurasian perch is its breed.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be difficult to sufficient the supply in order to solve natural fresh and alive forage fiss and to ice fresh fish; It cuts one another's throat when the feed shortage; And the fingerling of buying on the existing market all is the fingerling of feeding forage fiss; To the existing certain opposing of the artifical compound feed of ingesting, increased certain degree of difficulty to domestication, and a kind of Eurasian perch artifical compound feed and method for breeding are provided.
A kind of Eurasian perch artifical compound feed; Its each component weight/% is: fish meal 8.0-51.5, fish oil 1.00, corn oil 1.00, Choline Chloride 0.24, vitamin premix 1.1, inorganic salts premix 1.9, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.55, lysine 0.18, methionine 0.45, wheat bran 8.2-15.46, inferior powder 21.2-26.6, rapeseed dregs 6.01-12.82, globulin powder 0.88-2.65, dregs of beans 14.87-16.79, cotton dregs 10.23-12.47, yeast 2.5-5.8; Through pulverizing; Cross 60 mesh sieves, through the expanded one-tenth floating pellet diet of conventional method;
Being preferably each component weight/% is: fish meal 20.0-35.0, fish oil 1.00, corn oil 1.00, Choline Chloride 0.24, vitamin premix 1.1, inorganic salts premix 1.9, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.55, lysine 0.18, methionine 0.45, wheat bran 10.2-12.0, inferior powder 21.2-26.6, rapeseed dregs 8.0-11.0, globulin powder 1.88-2.00, dregs of beans 15.00-16.05, cotton dregs 11.00-12.00, yeast 2.5-4.0;
More preferably each component weight/% is: fish meal 20.0, fish oil 1.00, corn oil 1.00, Choline Chloride 0.24, vitamin premix 1.1, inorganic salts premix 1.9, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.55, lysine 0.18, methionine 0.45, wheat bran 11.06, inferior powder 22.2, rapeseed dregs 8.5, globulin powder 1.92, dregs of beans 15.87, cotton dregs 11.23, yeast 2.8;
A kind of Eurasian perch method for breeding, it comprises:
1) pond of every 3-5 mu; It is convenient to advance draining; Depth of water 1.8m puts Eurasian perch kind 10000 tails of 200 tails/kg, the carp fingerling 490-510 tail of 50 tails/kg, the bighead kind 95-105 tail of 20 tails/kg, the silver carp kind 190-210 tail of 10 tails/kg, fourth
the 8-12 tail of 50 tails/kg, the grass carp kind 950-1050 tail of 20 tails/kg, the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco kind 45-55 tail of 50 tails/kg in a suitable place to breed;
2) the tame and docile district of raising is set: on the water surface at one jiao of place, pond, with bamboo pole one 15-25 square metre zone is set, purple back of the body duckweed is planted for 1/4 kind in this zone;
3) the feed fish is rubbed with meat grinder; Become the fresh fish slurry with filtered through gauze, add the globulin powder of 1.5-2.5%, with red fresh fish slurry soak described a kind of Eurasian perch artifical compound feed 15 minute before throwing something and feeding at every turn; Water was lightened one times in per three days, used bubble at last;
3) each when taming and dociling food, knock iron charging basket, the mixed feed of step 3) to be thrown into raised and train the district, the fish migration until 80% stops to throw and raises, every day 4 times, after 5 days three times, after 5 days twice again.
Added vitamin 2-4 time in every month, each every kg mixed feed vitaminize a slice, every contains beta carotene 210mg, vitamin A 205mg, Cobastab
218mg, Cobastab
60.9mg, Cobastab
120.4mg, vitamin C 1650mg, vitamin E 26mg, vitamin K 2.1mg and vitamin D 2.2mg.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1) aquaculture model aspect
The combination of different feeding fishes can make full use of water layer and food resource, can promote ingesting and taming of Eurasian perch, purifies water, and for Eurasian perch provides best growing environment, can improve output and the quality of Eurasian perch.
2) mixed feed aspect
Feed nutrition is comprehensive, meets the nutritional need of Eurasian perch, and feed coefficient is low; The particle water stability is stronger, and the floatability time is 8-12h, and fish ingests and need emerge; Can directly observe ingest growth and the health condition of fish, water pollution reduced to minimum, meet the healthy aquaculture theory.
3) the domesticating method aspect of ingesting
This method utilizes the bright raw meat fishiness of fresh fish slurry to be connected Eurasian perch juvenile fish fed wild fishes before purchase the custom of ingesting; Utilize the pink of globulin powder furnishing to lure the Eurasian perch vision and the sense of taste, utilize the method for collocation domestication simultaneously, promptly grass carp to rob food very competent; Carp with Eurasian perch rob the food ability few; Induce with grass carp and carp and to ingest, works very well can be tamed and dociled the Eurasian perch of the food puffing granule compound feed of ingesting fully in 7-15 days.
Master provided by the invention supports Eurasian perch; The arrange in pairs or groups aquaculture model of multiple fish, special-purpose polyculture compound feed and the comprehensive use of the acclimation method of ingesting accordingly; Can solve the feed problem to the domestication of ingesting of Eurasian perch, fully the water layer and the food resource in waters cultured in utilization; Improve the speed of growth and the cultured output of Eurasian perch, for its large-scale cultivation provides comprehensive breeding method and means.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1 aquaculture model
The pond of 3-5 mu; It is convenient to advance draining; Depth of water 1.8m puts Eurasian perch kind 10000 tails of 200 tails/kg, carp fingerling 500 tails of 50 tails/kg, bighead kind 100 tails of 20 tails/kg, silver carp kind 200 tails of 10 tails/kg, fourth
10 tails of 50 tails/kg, grass carp kind 1000 tails of 20 tails/kg, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco kind 50 tails of 50 tails/kg in a suitable place to breed.
The component and the making of embodiment 2 artifical compound feeds
A. mixed feed, its each component weight/% is: fish meal 8.0-51.5, fish oil 1.00, corn oil 1.00, Choline Chloride 0.24, vitamin premix 1.1, inorganic salts premix 1.9, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.55, lysine 0.18, methionine 0.45, wheat bran 8.2-15.46, inferior powder 21.2-26.6, rapeseed dregs 6.01-12.82, globulin powder 0.88-2.65, dregs of beans 14.87-16.79, cotton dregs 10.23-12.47, yeast 2.5-5.8.Feedstuff is crossed 60 mesh sieves through pulverizing, and is floating pellet diet through conventional method high-temperature high-pressure swelling.
B. being preferably each component weight/% is: fish meal 20.0-35.0, fish oil 1.00, corn oil 1.00, Choline Chloride 0.24, vitamin premix 1.1, inorganic salts premix 1.9, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.55, lysine 0.18, methionine 0.45, wheat bran 10.2-12.0, inferior powder 21.2-26.6, rapeseed dregs 8.0-11.0, globulin powder 1.88-2.00, dregs of beans 15.00-16.05, cotton dregs 11.00-12.00, yeast 2.5-4.0;
C. more preferably each component weight/% is: fish meal 20.0, fish oil 1.00, corn oil 1.00, Choline Chloride 0.24, vitamin premix 1.1, inorganic salts premix 1.9, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.55, lysine 0.18, methionine 0.45, wheat bran 11.06, inferior powder 22.2, rapeseed dregs 8.5, globulin powder 1.92, dregs of beans 15.87, cotton dregs 11.23, yeast 2.8.
Above-mentioned vitamin premix and salt-free premix are that commercially available fish is used premix.
Embodiment 3 acclimation method of ingesting
1 is provided with the tame and docile district of raising: on the water surface at one jiao of place, pond, with bamboo pole one 15-25 square metre zone is set, wherein plants purple back of the body duckweed for 1/4 kind.
2 silver carps are rubbed with meat grinder, become fresh fish slurry with filtered through gauze, add 2% globulin powder, soak the expanding compound feed 15 minutes of Eurasian perch before throwing something and feeding with red fresh fish slurry at every turn, lighten one times, and use bubble at last in per three days.
3 each taming and dociling when eating are knocked stainless steel cask, throw while striking and raise, and the fish migration until 80% stops to throw and raises, every day 4 times (8:00,10:00,14:00,17:00), and after 5 days three times (8:00,14:00,17:00), twice (8:00,17:00) after 5 days again.
This method utilizes the bright raw meat fishiness of fresh fish slurry to be connected Eurasian perch juvenile fish fed wild fishes before purchase the custom of ingesting, and utilizes the pink of globulin powder furnishing to lure the Eurasian perch sense of taste and vision, has taked the close fish of collocation feeding habits to tame simultaneously; Be that robbing of grass carp eaten very competent; Carp rob the food ability and Eurasian perch is similar, induce and ingest, domestication speeds up; Works very well can be tamed and dociled the Eurasian perch of the food puffing granule compound feed of ingesting fully in 7-15 days.
Embodiment 4 aquaculture managements
1) before the fingerling stocking, with 2%-3% saline solution dipping bath 5-10 minute, use potassium permanganate 10-20mg/L again, dipping bath was disinfected in 15~30 minutes.
2) after the domestication, the normal throwing when raising followed four and decided principle, and ensuring the quality of products meets the nutritional need of Eurasian perch, and bore meets the caliber size of ingesting of Eurasian perch.It is wetting that feed must maceration before throwing something and feeding, and throw by the 3.0-6.0% of Eurasian perch body weight and raise every day, and the morning, feeding volume accounted for 35% of day feeding volume, accounted for 65% of day feeding volume afternoon.General 50min 80% fish eat up is advisable, and look ingesting and active situation grasp and adjustment flexibly of weather, water temperature, water quality and fish, adapts to its biological rhythm.
3) regulate water transparency about 40cm through the quick lime of splashing to water body, photosynthetic bacteria, inorganic fertilizer and use aerator, dissolved oxygen remains on more than the 5.5mg/L daytime, and remain on more than the 3.5mg/L night.
4) when assurance is is normally thrown something and fed, in bait, add an amount of multivitamin in every month, each every kg feed a slice, every month 2-4 time.
5) regulating water level
In the tame and docile food phase, water level keeps 1m, is that water level remains on about 1.3-1.5m in the 5-6 month, and 7-9 month water level remains on about 1.7-1.9 rice.According to the rising of water temperature, enlarge and culture the space, in order to its growth.
6) prevention of fish disease
Put the preceding 15d left and right sides water filling of fingerling, use quick lime 50-75kg for every mu, the full pool spilling head sterilization; With bleaching powder 1ppm sterilization once every month with the deinsectization precision processing once in every month, used per 20 days of the 6-8 month prevention of sulfanilamide (SN) feeding.
Embodiment 5
Under same embodiment 1,3 and 4 aquaculture models and same acclimation method condition, find that through breed practice for many years effect is remarkable, specially verify through experiment, promptly be divided into two groups and make an experiment.First group of commercially available homemade common fish of throwing something and feeding thrown something and fed for second group and makes puffing granule compound feed (B) by the allotment of the c. proportioning among the embodiment 2 with pellet (A).Test was carried out 4 months altogether in the somewhere, Jilin Province, and cultured area is identical, and just feed is different.Manage with delicacy through above-mentioned grade, measure the growth indexes of food organisms and various fish and verify.
Measure A, the kind of B two haleoplankons and the variation of quantity.See table 1 and table 2 in April 15 (before putting in a suitable place to breed) in 2010, on May 20th, 2010 (putting back 1 in a suitable place to breed), on June 20th, 2010 (putting back 2 in a suitable place to breed), on July 20th, 2010 (putting back 3 in a suitable place to breed), on August 20th, 2010 (putting back 4 in a suitable place to breed) respectively.
The variation of table 1 haleoplankon biomass
The variation of the kind of table 2 haleoplankon
Tested 4 months, that measures various fish goes out pool weight, calculates rate of body weight gain and sees table 3.
Table 3 feed is to main influence of supporting Eurasian perch production performance
Claims (5)
1. Eurasian perch artifical compound feed; It is characterized in that; Its each component percentage by weight is: fish meal 8.0-51.5%, fish oil 1.00%, corn oil 1.00%, Choline Chloride 0.24%, vitamin premix 1.1%, inorganic salts premix 1.9%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.55%, lysine 0.18%, methionine 0.45%, wheat bran 8.2-15.46%, inferior powder 21.2-26.6%, rapeseed dregs 6.01-12.82%, globulin powder 0.88-2.65%, dregs of beans 14.87-16.79%, cotton dregs 10.23-12.47%, yeast 2.5-5.8%; Above-mentioned each component percentage by weight sum is 100%; Through pulverizing 60 mesh sieves, through the expanded one-tenth floating pellet diet of conventional method.
2. a kind of Eurasian perch artifical compound feed according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The each component percentage by weight is: fish meal 20.0-35.0%, fish oil 1.00%, corn oil 1.00%, Choline Chloride 0.24%, vitamin premix 1.1%, inorganic salts premix 1.9%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.55%, lysine 0.18%, methionine 0.45%, wheat bran 10.2-12.0%, inferior powder 21.2-26.6%, rapeseed dregs 8.0-11.0%, globulin powder 1.88-2.00%, dregs of beans 15.00-16.05%, cotton dregs 11.00-12.00%, yeast 2.5-4.0%, above-mentioned each component percentage by weight sum is 100%.
3. a kind of Eurasian perch artifical compound feed according to claim 2; It is characterized in that the each component percentage by weight is: fish meal 20.0%, fish oil 1.00%, corn oil 1.00%, Choline Chloride 0.24%, vitamin premix 1.1%, inorganic salts premix 1.9%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.55%, lysine 0.18%, methionine 0.45%, wheat bran 11.06%, inferior powder 22.2%, rapeseed dregs 8.5%, globulin powder 1.92%, dregs of beans 15.87%, cotton dregs 11.23%, yeast 2.8%.
4. Eurasian perch method for breeding, it comprises:
1) pond of every 3-5 mu; It is convenient to advance draining; The depth of water 1.8 m put the silver carp kind 190-210 tail, 50 tails/kg De tench 8-12 tails, the grass carp kind 950-1050 tail of 20 tails/kg, the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco kind 45-55 tail of 50 tails/kg of bighead kind 95-105 tail, the 10 tails/kg of carp fingerling 490-510 tail, the 20 tails/kg of Eurasian perch kind 10000 tails, the 50 tails/kg of 200 tails/kg in a suitable place to breed;
2) the tame and docile district of raising is set: on the water surface at one jiao of place, pond, with bamboo pole one 15-25 square metre zone is set, purple back of the body duckweed is planted for 1/4 kind in this zone;
3) the feed fish is rubbed with meat grinder; Become the fresh fish slurry with filtered through gauze, add the globulin powder of 1.5-2.5%, with red fresh fish slurry soak claim 1 described a kind of Eurasian perch artifical compound feed 15 minute before throwing something and feeding at every turn; Water was lightened one times in per three days, used bubble at last;
4) each when taming and dociling food, knock iron charging basket, the mixed feed of step 3) to be thrown into raised and train the district, the fish migration until 80% stops to throw and raises, every day 4 times, after 5 days three times, after 5 days twice again.
5. a kind of Eurasian perch method for breeding according to claim 4 is characterized in that: added hello vitamin 2-4 time in every month, and each every kg mixed feed vitaminize a slice, every contains beta carotene 210 mg, vitamin A 205mg, Cobastab
218mg, Cobastab
60.9mg, Cobastab
120.4mg, vitamin C 1650mg, vitamin E 26mg, vitamin K 2.1mg and vitamin D 2.2mg.
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