CN102246649B - Method for cultivating high-quality winter wheat by use of biogas liquid - Google Patents
Method for cultivating high-quality winter wheat by use of biogas liquid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality winter wheat by use of biogas liquid. The method mainly comprises the following steps: soaking seeds with biogas liquid at 16-20 DEG C for 8-12 hours before seeding; applying 11-20 kg of urea per 667 m<2> in combination with intensive farming land preparation or irrigation of soil moisture; at the later period of wheat jointing, applying 3,000-6,000 kg of biogas liquid per 667 m<2> in combination with irrigation of soil moisture, wherein the nitrogen dosage for topdressing is 50-75% of the conventional dosage of nitrogenous fertilizer; and spraying biogas liquid at the middle-and-later period of wheat, wherein 35-45 kg of biogas liquid diluted by 0.5-1 times is sprayed per 667 m<2> at the booting period, 35-45 kg of stock biogas liquid is sprayed per 667 m<2> at the pustulation period, and a proper amount of kerosene, washing powder and monopotassium phosphate is dissolved and sprayed 1-2 times in the pustulation period. The biogas liquid using method is convenient and practical, has low cost, reduces the pollution of nitrogenous fertilizer and serious adverse impact of pesticide residue in the production of high-quality wheat, improves the seed quality, and realizes cultivation of high-quality wheat, resource utilization of agricultural waste and sustainable development of agriculture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the crop cultivating technology field, be specifically related to a kind of method of utilizing natural pond liquid high-yield culture high-quality winter wheat.
Background technology
Wheat is one of staple crops of northern China, and its sowing area and output all account for more than 50% of cereal crops, is northern China resident's staple food.Along with the raising of living standards of the people, society is increasing to the demand of high-quality wheat special in recent years, and the good quality wheat cultivated area increases sharply, but the wheat that reaches country-level, secondary gold standard is only about 1/3.Along with processing enterprise's tailored flour product up-gradation and constantly modernization of processing technology, modern powder process industry has proposed more and more higher requirement to quality and the stability of commodity wheat in enormous quantities.For this reason, northern strong gluten wheat zone peasant is the wheat of producing high protein content, and excess is used chemical fertilizer, not only causes soil compaction, and nitrogen utilization efficiency is low, and nitrogenous fertilizer runs off in a large number, and environmental pollution is serious.Improvement along with vast rural area working condition, the wheat yield level improves constantly, the increase of planting density and biomass then will inevitably cause canopy micro-ecological environment variation, and be subjected in recent years winter climate many impact the such as warm, cause the main diseases insect pests such as wheat rust, powdery mildew, aphid constantly to occur, have a strong impact on high yield and the stable yields of wheat, and reduced wheat processing and nutritional quality.In order to control the harm of disease worm and to obtain high yield, generally need spraying pesticide 3～4 times at Wheat During Later Period of Growth, but peasant's spraying pesticide dosage often is higher than safety in production standard manyfold, and simultaneously medicament is selected to lack specific aim, has sprayed agricultural chemicals but can not effectively control disease.Owing to blindly using agricultural chemicals, cause environmental degradation, water to supply contaminated, the series of problems such as Plant Diversity lowers, insect generation resistance, simultaneously also directly cause seed Pesticide Residues severe overweight, the health quality is subject to tremendous influence, and food-safety problem is troubling.Therefore, good quality wheat production active demand cleaning culture technique and succinct method of operating.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of convenient and practical, method of utilizing natural pond liquid high-yield culture high-quality winter wheat that cost is low, can solve in the high-quality strong gluten Wheat Production that nitrogenous fertilizer pollutes and residue of pesticide seriously wait the production problem.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
(1) natural pond liquid seed soaking: select the wheat improved seeds of suitable local plantation, remove blighted grain, granule and impurity, in fine day with seed airing 1～2 day, to improve the water absorbing capacity of seed; Prior to seeding one day with natural pond liquid in 16～20 ℃ of lower seed soaking 8～12 hours, take out seed after the seed soaking, repeatedly rinse well with clear water, dry again sowing behind the moisture of the surface of the seed;
(2) sowing is front in conjunction with the whole ground of intensive cultivation and/or the water base urea of executing of pouring soil moisture, and sowing amount is 11～20 ㎏/667m
2, or be in the local conventional fertilizer application mode the total consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer 25～50%; The high-yield field base that fertility is higher is executed chemical nitrogen, and to account for the ratio of total nitrogen relatively on the low side, to account for the ratio of total nitrogen relatively higher and the low middle product Tian Ji of fertility executes chemical nitrogen, that is: for the high-yield field, a small amount of base is executed urea nitrogenous fertilizer (accounting for total fertilising nitrogen about 35%), shooting stage in spring heavy dressing natural pond liquid nitrogen fertile (accounting for total fertilising nitrogen about 65%); For middle product field, base is executed urea nitrogenous fertilizer and shooting stage and is imposed natural pond liquid nitrogen fertilizer and lay equal stress on, and respectively accounts for 50% of total fertilising nitrogen; The phosphorus potassium element input amount is carried out according to routine, and all base is executed;
(3) impose the natural pond liquid nitrogen in the wheat jointing later stage (young fringe was grown to Pistil And Stamen differentiation latter stage, and concrete form is characterized as long 2～3 centimetres of extend internode, long about 10 centimetres of total internode) fertile, natural pond liquid pouring sowing amount is 5000～9000 ㎏/667m
2, or with the pouring the nitrogenous total amount of natural pond liquid be equivalent to purity nitrogen 8～13 ㎏/667m
2In time, be as the criterion, or with the nitrogenous total amount of natural pond liquid of pouring be equivalent in the local conventional fertilizer application total nitrogenous fertilizer consumption 50%～75% the time be as the criterion;
(4) wheat booting period sprays the dilution natural pond liquid with 0.5～1 times of clear water dilution, the amount of spraying 35～45 ㎏/667m
3, after the morning, dew was dried, carry out;
(5) wheat heading stage sprays undiluted natural pond liquid, the amount of spraying 45～55 ㎏/667m
2, after the morning, dew was dried, carry out;
(6) Wheat in Grain Filling Stage sprays undiluted natural pond liquid 35～45 ㎏/667m
2, and sneak into kerosene, washing powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate by the collocation of the weight ratio of 7950～8050:10～15:3～6:75～85, mix spraying later at 4 in fine afternoon after stirring evenly, high temperature and rainy day do not spray at noon.
In described step (1), the used natural pond liquid of soaking seed is for normally using the biogas generating pit zymotic fluid more than three months, natural pond liquid is pitchy, without obvious excrement stink, seed soaking natural pond liquid pH value is controlled to be 7.20～7.60, and proportion is 1.004～1.007, and allow natural pond liquid fully be exposed in the air before the seed soaking, stir l～2 time every day, make its Containing Sulfur carrier of oxygen loss, and remove the scum silica frost of the natural pond liquid water surface clean.
By weight percentage, described natural pond liquid is nitrogenous 0.1～0.3%, and is phosphorous 0.02～0.07%, contains potassium 0.1～1.3%.
In described step (6), the part by weight of natural pond liquid, kerosene, washing powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 8000:12:5:80.
In described step (1), base is executed phosphorus, potash fertilizer simultaneously, and its consumption is with phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer in the local conventional fertilizer application mode.
The present invention has actively useful effect:
1. contain macronutrient, trace element, amino acid and other biological active small molecular in the liquid of natural pond, seed can constantly absorb in immersion process, makes the activity of Interior Seed enzyme be excited stimulating growth.Growth hormone and gibberellin both can promote the growth of root system of plant in the liquid of natural pond, also helped the nitrogen metabolism in the plant corpus, thereby improved wheat seedling matter and plant production capacity; Fulvic acid, proline, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, abscisic acid etc. are the resistance material, and natural pond liquid is processed can improve drought resisting and the cold tolerance of seedling effectively.
2. contain macronutrient and trace element in the liquid of natural pond, middle and later periods sprays the foliage spray effect of playing, it is inhibited that while natural pond liquid also contains biological active matter confrontation disease, without any poisonous and harmful and difficult degradation composition, belong to avirulence pollution-free " biopesticide ", meet and produce the green product requirement.Wheat fertility in earlier stage sprays natural pond liquid can obviously be suppressed disease and occur, and the later stage sprays natural pond liquid and can reduce insect pest.After spraying natural pond liquid, the harm such as winter wheat rust, powdery mildew, aphid and two spotted spider mite alleviate in various degree.
The inventive method by natural pond liquid seed soaking, natural pond liquid topdresses and the later stage sprays comprehensive utilization, give full play to contained comprehensive nutrition and active substance special efficacy in the liquid of natural pond, and late growth stage reduces the applications of pesticide, alleviates pesticide residual contamination, and edible quality and processing quality significantly improve.Natural pond liquid and chemical fertilizer are joined to execute and can be reduced urea nitrogenous fertilizer input amount over half, save planting cost, can increase again wheat raw grain income from sales, improve whole economic efficiency, have realized the agricultural wastes recycling, promote agriculture Sustainable Healthy Development.
4. the inventive method is applicable to middle high fertility and high fertility strong gluten wheat suitable planting zone.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1Tested in 2007-2008 year and carry out in Zhao Bao town, Wen County, Henan, randomised block design, 3 repetitions, residential quarter area 3 m * 7 m.Selecting your wheat 0319 of wheat breed is for the examination material.The experimental field soil texture is medium loam, and 0～20 cm topsoil contains the content of organic matter 10.8 gkg
-1, full nitrogen 1.4 gkg
-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 98.7 mgkg
-1, rapid available phosphorus 58.2 mgkg
-1, available potassium 86.5 mgkg
-1, pH 7.5.Natural pond liquid is taken from the normal biogas generating pit that uses of peasant household, and raw material mainly is pig manure urine etc., and fermentation is more than 3 months, and fine and smooth even, transparent without obvious excrement stink, total nitrogen content 0.14% in the liquid of natural pond.It is purity nitrogen 16 kg/667m that wheat growth stage is amounted to total amount of nitrogen
2, in sowing pouring in front 10 days, base in conjunction with carry out wholely, chases after fertilizing of biogas manure and chemical fertilizer and applies in conjunction with watering in the shooting stage basic fertilizing of biogas manure to fertilize in conjunction with soil moisture water.4 kinds of cultivation processing modes are set altogether:
Common fertilizer fertilization mode (CK1): total nitrogen is urea nitrogen, base, chases after half and half, Ji Shi and imposes each 17 kg/667m of urea
2, amount to purity nitrogen 8 ㎏/667m
2, be denoted as 1/2U+1/2U; Phosphate fertilizer (P
2O
5) 10 kg/667m
2And potash fertilizer (K
2O) 8 kg/667m
2Execute in conjunction with the whole bases in whole ground; Without natural pond liquid seed soaking, do not spray natural pond liquid in the wheat middle and later periods before the sowing yet, but press local usual manner spraying pesticide 3 times.
The natural pond fertile with chemical fertilizer join the mode A(of executing join execute A): urea nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen 50% as base manure, imposes urea 17 kg/667m
2, amount to purity nitrogen 8 kg/667m
2, the natural pond liquid nitrogen topdresses and accounts for total nitrogen 50%, and every mu of 5600 kg of pouring natural pond liquid measure amount to approximately 8 kg/667m of purity nitrogen
2, be denoted as 1/2 U+1/2 B.Phosphate fertilizer (P
2O
5) 10 kg/667m
2And potash fertilizer (K
2O) 8 kg/667m
2Execute in conjunction with the whole bases in whole ground; Select fine day to bask seeds 2 days before the sowing, be soaked in the liquid of uncovered former natural pond 12 hours after the elite seed pack, take out and dry for subsequent use with the clear water flushing; The wheat growth middle and later periods sprays natural pond liquid, respectively sprays 1 time in booting stage and heading stage, sprays in the watery stage 2 times, and wheat booting period sprays the natural pond liquid with 0.6 times of clear water dilution, the natural pond liquid amount of spraying 50 ㎏/667m
2Spray natural pond liquid stoste heading stage, the amount of spraying is 50 ㎏/667m
2Pustulation period sprays natural pond liquid stoste 40 ㎏/667m
2, collocation kerosene 60g, washing powder 25g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300g, other period is spraying pesticide not all.
The natural pond fertile with chemical fertilizer join the mode B(of executing join execute B): urea nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen 25% as base manure, imposes urea 9 kg/667m
2, amount to purity nitrogen 4 kg/667m
2, the natural pond liquid nitrogen topdresses and accounts for total nitrogen 75%, pouring natural pond liquid measure 8000 kg/667m
2, amount to approximately 12 kg/667m of purity nitrogen
2, be denoted as 1/4 U+3/4 B; Phosphate fertilizer (P
2O
5) 10 kg/667m
2And potash fertilizer (K
2O) 8 kg/667m
2Execute in conjunction with the whole bases in whole ground; Select fine day to bask seeds 2 days before the sowing, be soaked in the liquid of uncovered former natural pond 12 hours after the elite seed pack, take out and dry for subsequent use with the clear water flushing; The wheat growth middle and later periods sprays natural pond liquid, respectively sprays 1 time in booting stage and heading stage, sprays in the watery stage 2 times, and wheat booting period sprays the natural pond liquid with 0.6 times of clear water dilution, the natural pond liquid amount of spraying 50 ㎏/667m
2Spray natural pond liquid stoste heading stage, the amount of spraying is 50 ㎏/667m
2Pustulation period sprays natural pond liquid stoste 40 ㎏/667m
2, collocation kerosene 60g, washing powder 25g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300g, other period is spraying pesticide not all.
Single administration natural pond liquid mode (CK2): total nitrogen is the natural pond liquid nitrogen, and base chases after half and half, Ji Shi and imposes each 5600 kg/667m of natural pond liquid
2, amount to purity nitrogen 8 ㎏/667m
2, be denoted as 1/2B+1/2B.Without natural pond liquid seed soaking, do not execute phosphate fertilizer (P between breeding time before the sowing
2O
5) and potash fertilizer (K
2O), also no longer spray natural pond liquid in the wheat middle and later periods, but press local usual manner spraying pesticide 3 times.
Above-mentioned two kinds of natural pond liquid join execute using method (join and execute A and B) respectively with common fertilizer fertilization mode (CK1) relatively, the result is: the maturing stage grain protein content improves 3.8% and 6.9% than common fertilizer, the peak value viscosity has improved 5.4% and 6.7%, the low ebb viscosity increases by 6.9% and 5.0%, final viscosity improves 12.1% and 14.7%, rare slack value improves 49.6% and 60.1%, and the bounce-back value has improved 21.3% and 31.8%.
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method (join and execute A and B) and single administration natural pond liquid mode (CK2) relatively, the result is: the maturing stage grain protein content improves 7.3% and 10.5% than common fertilizer, the peak value viscosity has improved 8.0% and 9.4%, the low ebb viscosity increases by 20.3% and 18.1%, final viscosity improves 15.6% and 18.4%, rare slack value improves 61.1% and 72.2%, and the bounce-back value has improved 8.6% and 18.9%.
Above-mentioned Protein Content of Wheat Kernel and starch viscosity index determining the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 natural pond liquid fertilizer is used Protein Content in Wheat and starch viscosity parameter influence (2007-2008 year)
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method (join and execute A and B) and common fertilizer fertilization mode (CK1) relatively, the result is: maturing stage seed flour formation time improves 20.7% and 44.8% than common fertilizer, improved 17.1% and 77.1% stabilization time, the reduction degree has reduced by 26.1% and 33.4%, and the opaque index improves 25.6% and 81.1%.
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method (join and execute A and B) and single administration natural pond liquid mode (CK2) relatively, the result is: maturing stage seed flour formation time improves 45.8% and 75.0% than common fertilizer, improved 28.1% and 93.8% stabilization time, the reduction degree increases (5.4% and 16.9%), and the opaque index improves 33.4% and 92.4%.
Above-mentioned wheat seed wheat opaque index determining the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 natural pond liquid fertilizer is used wheat opaque effect of parameters (2007-2008 year)
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method (join and execute A and B) and common fertilizer fertilization mode (CK1) relatively, the result is: maturing stage seed flour extension area improves 36.2% and 75.4% than common fertilizer, enhanced stretch resistance has improved 19.8% and 66.7%, ductility has increased by 4.2% and 11.5%, and draw ratio improves 14.3% and 57.1%.
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method (join and execute A and B) and single administration natural pond liquid mode (CK2) relatively, the result is: maturing stage seed flour extension area improves 45.0% and 86.8% than common fertilizer, enhanced stretch resistance has improved 34.9% and 87.6%, ductility has increased by 11.6% and 19.4%, and draw ratio improves 33.3% and 83.3%.
Above-mentioned wheat seed wheat stretching index determining the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 natural pond liquid fertilizer is used the impact (2007-2008 year) on the wheat tensile properties
Embodiment 2Tested in 2008～2009 years and carry out in Zhao Bao town, Wen County, Henan, randomised block design, 3 repetitions, residential quarter area 3 m * 7 m.Select wheat breed temperature wheat 28 for supplying the examination material.The experimental field soil texture is medium loam, and 0～20 cm topsoil contains the content of organic matter 12.5 gkg
-1, full nitrogen 1.5 gkg
-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 111.2 mgkg
-1, rapid available phosphorus 64.3 mgkg
-1, available potassium 73.6 mgkg
-1, pH 7.5.Natural pond liquid is taken from the normal biogas generating pit that uses of peasant household, and raw material mainly is people and animals' fecaluria etc., and fermentation is more than 3 months, and fine and smooth even, transparent without obvious excrement stink, total nitrogen content 0.12% in the liquid of natural pond; It is purity nitrogen 18 kg/667m that wheat growth stage is amounted to total amount of nitrogen
2, in sowing pouring in front 10 days, base in conjunction with carry out wholely, chases after fertilizing of biogas manure and chemical fertilizer and applies in conjunction with watering in the shooting stage basic fertilizing of biogas manure to fertilize in conjunction with soil moisture water.4 kinds of cultivation processing modes are set altogether:
Common fertilizer fertilization mode (CK1): total nitrogen is urea nitrogen, and base chases after half and half, Ji Shi and imposes each 19 kg/667m of urea
2, amount to purity nitrogen 9 ㎏/667m
2, be denoted as 1/2U+1/2U; Phosphate fertilizer (P
2O
5) 12 kg/667m
2And potash fertilizer (K
2O) 10 kg/667m
2Execute in conjunction with the whole bases in whole ground; Without natural pond liquid seed soaking, do not spray natural pond liquid in the wheat middle and later periods before the sowing yet, but press local usual manner spraying pesticide 2 times.
The natural pond fertile with chemical fertilizer join the mode A(of executing join execute A): urea nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen 50% as base manure, imposes urea 19 kg/667m
2, amount to purity nitrogen 9 kg/667m
2, the natural pond liquid nitrogen topdresses and accounts for total nitrogen 50%, pouring natural pond liquid measure 7000 kg/667m
2, amount to approximately 9 kg/667m of purity nitrogen
2, be denoted as 1/2 U+1/2 B; Phosphate fertilizer (P
2O
5) 12 kg/667m
2And potash fertilizer (K
2O) 10 kg/667m
2Execute in conjunction with the whole bases in whole ground; Select fine day to bask seeds 2 days before the sowing, be soaked in the liquid of uncovered former natural pond 10 hours after the elite seed pack, take out and dry for subsequent use with the clear water flushing; The wheat growth middle and later periods sprays natural pond liquid, respectively sprays 1 time in booting stage and heading stage, sprays in the watery stage 2 times, and wheat booting period sprays the natural pond liquid with 0.6 times of clear water dilution, the natural pond liquid amount of spraying 50 ㎏/667m
2Spray natural pond liquid stoste heading stage, the amount of spraying is 50 ㎏/667m
2Pustulation period sprays natural pond liquid stoste 40 ㎏/667m
2, collocation kerosene 60g, washing powder 25g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300g, other period is spraying pesticide not all.
The natural pond fertile with chemical fertilizer join the mode B(of executing join execute B): urea nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen 25% as base manure, imposes urea 10 kg/667m
2, amount to purity nitrogen 4.5 kg/667m
2, the natural pond liquid nitrogen topdresses and accounts for total nitrogen 75%, pouring natural pond liquid measure 10000 kg/667m
2, amount to approximately 13.5 kg/667m of purity nitrogen
2, be denoted as 1/4 U+3/4 B; Phosphate fertilizer (P
2O
5) 12 kg/667m
2And potash fertilizer (K
2O) 10 kg/667m
2Execute in conjunction with the whole bases in whole ground; Select fine day to bask seeds 2 days before the sowing, be soaked in the liquid of uncovered former natural pond 10 hours after the elite seed pack, take out and dry for subsequent use with the clear water flushing; The wheat growth middle and later periods sprays natural pond liquid, respectively sprays 1 time in booting stage and heading stage, sprays in the watery stage 2 times, and wheat booting period sprays the natural pond liquid with 0.6 times of clear water dilution, the natural pond liquid amount of spraying 50 ㎏/667m
2Spray natural pond liquid stoste heading stage, the amount of spraying is 50 ㎏/667m
2Pustulation period sprays natural pond liquid stoste 40 ㎏/667m
2, collocation kerosene 60g, washing powder 25g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300g, other period is spraying pesticide not all.
Single administration natural pond liquid mode (CK2): total nitrogen is the natural pond liquid nitrogen, and base chases after half and half, Ji Shi and imposes each 7000 kg/667m of natural pond liquid
2, amount to purity nitrogen 9 ㎏/667m
2, be denoted as 1/2B+1/2B.Without natural pond liquid seed soaking, do not execute phosphate fertilizer (P between breeding time before the sowing
2O
5) and potash fertilizer (K
2O), also no longer spray natural pond liquid in the wheat middle and later periods, but press local usual manner spraying pesticide 2 times.
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method (join and execute A and B) and common fertilizer fertilization mode (CK1) relatively, the result is: the maturing stage grain protein content improves 7.0% and 5.2% than common fertilizer, the peak value viscosity has improved 4.0% and 6.4%, the low ebb viscosity increases by 5.3% and 3.3%, final viscosity improves 7.8% and 9.0%, rare slack value improves 22.9% and 19.2%, and the bounce-back value has improved 11.7% and 17.9%.
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method (join and execute A and B) and single administration natural pond liquid mode (CK2) relatively, the result is: the maturing stage grain protein content improves 9.9% and 8.1% than common fertilizer, the peak value viscosity has improved 2.2% and 4.6%, the low ebb viscosity increases by 4.2% and 2.3%, final viscosity improves 5.1% and 6.3%, rare slack value improves 16.1% and 12.7%, and the bounce-back value has improved 6.5% and 12.4%.
Above-mentioned Protein Content of Wheat Kernel and starch viscosity index determining the results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 natural pond liquid fertilizer is used Protein Content in Wheat (%) and starch viscosity parameter influence (2008-2009 year)
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method (join and execute A and B) and common fertilizer fertilization mode (CK1) relatively, the result is: maturing stage seed flour formation time improves 7.3% and 9.1% than common fertilizer, improved 7.2% and 15.1% stabilization time, the reduction degree has reduced by 41.9% and 47.5%, and the opaque index improves 11.5% and 23.1%.
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method (join and execute A and B) and single administration natural pond liquid mode (CK2) relatively, the result is: maturing stage seed flour formation time improves 78.5% and 81.5% than common fertilizer, improved 25.6% and 34.9% stabilization time, the reduction degree has reduced by 4.9% and 14.2%, and the opaque index improves 32.3% and 46.1%.
Above-mentioned wheat seed wheat opaque index determining the results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 natural pond liquid fertilizer is used wheat opaque effect of parameters (2008-2009 year)
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method (join and execute A and B) and common fertilizer fertilization mode (CK1) relatively, the result is: maturing stage seed flour extension area improves 11.5% and 22.9% than common fertilizer, enhanced stretch resistance has improved 7.8% and 18.1%, ductility has improved 4.4% and 3.7%, and draw ratio improves 4.3% and 11.6%.
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method (join and execute A and B) and single administration natural pond liquid mode (CK2) relatively, the result is: maturing stage seed flour extension area improves 29.4% and 42.6% than common fertilizer, enhanced stretch resistance has improved 24.5% and 36.4%, ductility has improved 7.5% and 6.8%, and draw ratio improves 25.1% and 33.9%.
Above-mentioned wheat seed wheat stretching index determining the results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 natural pond liquid fertilizer is used the impact (2008-2009 year) on the wheat tensile properties
Embodiment 3Tested in 2009～2010 years and carry out in Qu Gou town, Earthquake of Anyang station in Henan county, randomised block design, 3 repetitions, residential quarter area 4.4 m * 5 m.Select wheat breed Zheng wheat 366 for supplying the examination material.Experimental field 0～20 cm topsoil contains the content of organic matter 15.2 gkg
-1, full nitrogen 1.7 gkg
-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 122.7 mgkg
-1, rapid available phosphorus 52.1 mgkg
-1, available potassium 104.6 mgkg
-1, pH 7.5.Natural pond liquid is taken from the normal biogas generating pit that uses of peasant household, and raw material mainly is pig manure urine etc., and fermentation is more than 3 months, and fine and smooth even, transparent without obvious excrement stink, total nitrogen content 0.20% in the liquid of natural pond.It is purity nitrogen 15 kg/667m that wheat growth stage is amounted to total amount of nitrogen
2, in sowing pouring in front 10 days, base in conjunction with carry out wholely, chases after fertilizing of biogas manure and chemical fertilizer and applies in conjunction with watering in the shooting stage basic fertilizing of biogas manure to fertilize in conjunction with soil moisture water.3 kinds of cultivation processing modes are set altogether:
Common fertilizer fertilization mode (CK1): total nitrogen is urea nitrogen, and base chases after half and half, and each 16.5 kg of urea are executed and imposed to every mu of base, amounts to 7.5 kilograms of purity nitrogens, is denoted as 1/2U+1/2U.Phosphate fertilizer (P
2O
5) 10 kg/667m
2And potash fertilizer (K
2O) 8 kg/667m
2Execute in conjunction with the whole bases in whole ground.Without natural pond liquid seed soaking, do not spray natural pond liquid in the wheat middle and later periods before the sowing yet, but press local usual manner spraying pesticide 2 times.
The natural pond is fertile joins the mode of executing (join and execute) with chemical fertilizer: urea nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen 40% as base manure, imposes urea 13 kg/667m
2, amount to purity nitrogen 6.0 kg/667m
2, the natural pond liquid nitrogen topdresses and accounts for total nitrogen 60%, pouring natural pond liquid measure 4500 kg/667m
2, amount to approximately 9.0 kg/667m of purity nitrogen
2, be denoted as 2/5B+3/5U.Phosphate fertilizer (P
2O
5) 10 kg/667m
2And potash fertilizer (K
2O) 8 kg/667m
2Execute in conjunction with the whole bases in whole ground; Select fine day to bask seeds 2 days before the sowing, be soaked in the liquid of uncovered former natural pond 10 hours after the elite seed pack, take out and dry for subsequent use with the clear water flushing; The wheat growth middle and later periods sprays natural pond liquid, respectively sprays 1 time in booting stage, heading stage and pustulation period, and wheat booting period sprays the natural pond liquid with 0.8 times of clear water dilution, the natural pond liquid amount of spraying 35 ㎏/667m
2Spray natural pond liquid stoste heading stage, the amount of spraying is 50 ㎏/667m
2Pustulation period sprays natural pond liquid stoste 40 ㎏/667m
2, collocation kerosene 60g, washing powder 25g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300g, other periods are spraying pesticide not all.
Single administration natural pond liquid mode (CK2): total nitrogen is the natural pond liquid nitrogen, base, chases after half and half, Ji Shi and imposes each 3750 kg/667m of natural pond liquid
2, amount to purity nitrogen 7.5 ㎏/667m
2, be denoted as 1/2B+1/2B.Without natural pond liquid seed soaking, do not execute phosphate fertilizer (P between breeding time before the sowing
2O
5) and potash fertilizer (K
2O), also no longer spray natural pond liquid in the wheat middle and later periods, but press local usual manner spraying pesticide 2 times.
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method and common fertilizer fertilization mode (CK1) relatively, the result is: the maturing stage grain protein content improves 5.7% than common fertilizer, the peak value viscosity has improved 5.6%, the low ebb viscosity increases by 5.2%, final viscosity improves 10.9%, rare slack value improves 35.9%, and the bounce-back value has improved 20.8%.
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method and single administration natural pond liquid mode (CK2) relatively, the result is: the maturing stage grain protein content improves 8.9% than common fertilizer, the peak value viscosity has improved 6.2%, the low ebb viscosity increases by 11.1%, final viscosity improves 11.3%, rare slack value improves 35.8%, and the bounce-back value has improved 11.6%.
Above-mentioned Protein Content of Wheat Kernel and starch viscosity index determining the results are shown in Table 7.
Table 7 natural pond liquid fertilizer is used Protein Content in Wheat (%) and starch viscosity parameter influence (2009-2010 year)
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method and common fertilizer fertilization mode (CK1) relatively, and the result is: maturing stage seed flour formation time improves 14.5% than common fertilizer, has improved 19.1% stabilization time, and reduction degree has reduced by 35.9%, opaque index raising 14.1%.
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method and single administration natural pond liquid mode (CK2) relatively, and the result is: maturing stage seed flour formation time improves 73.7% than common fertilizer, has improved 37.4% stabilization time, and reduction degree has increased by 2.8%, opaque index raising 29.6%.
Above-mentioned wheat seed wheat opaque index determining the results are shown in Table 8.
Table 8 natural pond liquid fertilizer is used wheat opaque effect of parameters (2009-2010 year)
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method and common fertilizer fertilization mode (CK1) relatively, and the result is: maturing stage seed flour extension area improves 33.4% than common fertilizer, and enhanced stretch resistance has improved 24.8%, and ductility has reduced by 6.1%, and draw ratio improves 18.2%.
Above-mentioned natural pond liquid is joined and is executed using method and single administration natural pond liquid mode (CK2) relatively, and the result is: maturing stage seed flour extension area improves 49.2% than common fertilizer, and enhanced stretch resistance has improved 42.7%, and ductility has reduced by 11.4%, and draw ratio improves 40.3%.
Above-mentioned wheat seed wheat stretching index determining the results are shown in Table 9.
Table 9 natural pond liquid fertilizer is used the impact (2009-2010 year) on the wheat tensile properties
Claims (4)
1. method of utilizing natural pond liquid high-yield culture high-quality winter wheat may further comprise the steps:
(1) natural pond liquid seed soaking: select the wheat improved seeds of suitable local plantation, remove blighted grain, granule and impurity, in fine day with seed airing 1～2 day, to improve the water absorbing capacity of seed; Prior to seeding one day with natural pond liquid in 16～20 ℃ of lower seed soaking 8～12 hours, take out seed after the seed soaking, repeatedly rinse well with clear water, dry again sowing behind the moisture of the surface of the seed; Soak seed used natural pond liquid by normally using the biogas generating pit more than three months to be produced zymotic fluid, natural pond liquid is pitchy, without obvious excrement stink, seed soaking natural pond liquid pH value is controlled to be 7.20～7.60, proportion is 1.004～1.007, and allows natural pond liquid fully be exposed in the air before the seed soaking, stirs l～2 time every day, make its Containing Sulfur carrier of oxygen loss, and remove the scum silica frost of the natural pond liquid water surface clean;
(2) sowing is front in conjunction with the whole ground of intensive cultivation and/or the water base urea of executing of pouring soil moisture, and sowing amount is 11～20 ㎏/667m
2, or be in the local conventional fertilizer application mode the total consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer 25～50%, simultaneously base is executed phosphorus, potash fertilizer, its consumption is with phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer in the local conventional fertilizer application mode;
(3) impose the natural pond liquid nitrogen in the wheat jointing later stage fertile, natural pond liquid pouring sowing amount is 5000～9000 ㎏/667m
2, or with the pouring the nitrogenous total amount of natural pond liquid be equivalent to purity nitrogen 8～13 ㎏/667m
2In time, be as the criterion, or with the nitrogenous total amount of natural pond liquid of pouring be equivalent in the local conventional fertilizer application total nitrogenous fertilizer consumption 50%～75% the time be as the criterion;
(4) wheat booting period sprays the dilution natural pond liquid with 0.5～1 times of clear water dilution, the amount of spraying 35～45 ㎏/667m
3, after the morning, dew was dried, carry out;
(5) wheat heading stage sprays undiluted natural pond liquid, the amount of spraying 45～55 ㎏/667m
2, after the morning, dew was dried, carry out;
(6) Wheat in Grain Filling Stage sprays undiluted natural pond liquid 35～45 ㎏/667m
2, and sneak into kerosene, washing powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate by the collocation of the weight ratio of 7950～8050:10～15:3～6:75～85, mix spraying later at 4 in fine afternoon after stirring evenly.
2. the described method of utilizing natural pond liquid high-yield culture high-quality winter wheat according to claim 1 is characterized in that, by weight percentage, described natural pond liquid is nitrogenous 0.1～0.3%, and is phosphorous 0.02～0.07%, contains potassium 0.1～1.3%.
3. the described method of utilizing natural pond liquid high-yield culture high-quality winter wheat according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in described step (6), the part by weight of natural pond liquid, kerosene, washing powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 8000:12:5:80.
4. the described method of utilizing natural pond liquid high-yield culture high-quality winter wheat according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in described step (6), a situation arises arranges to spray in the watery stage described mixed liquor 2～3 times according to the sick worm in year border.
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| CN102612935B (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2013-03-20 | 孙看长 | Application method of wheat |
| CN102498894A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2012-06-20 | 河南许丰种业有限公司 | Method for cultivating high-quality wheat |
| CN102487689A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2012-06-13 | 张志平 | Planting method of high-quality and thin-rind sweet melons |
| CN102986408A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2013-03-27 | 田欢 | Fertilizing method for soybean |
| CN103416131B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-02-18 | 徐永康 | High yield growing method of winter wheat |
| CN104303763A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-28 | 苏州玖沃生物科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating winter wheat |
| CN104387144A (en) * | 2014-10-19 | 2015-03-04 | 王丹切 | Seed soaking liquid |
| CN105165372A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2015-12-23 | 焦清亮 | Method for planting strong-gluten wheat |
| CN106613096A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-05-10 | 石家庄大地种业有限公司 | Winter wheat water-saving high-yield cultivating method |
| CN106818131A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-13 | 吕福贵 | A kind of implantation methods of wheat |
| CN107182519A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-22 | 王春莲 | A kind of implantation methods of crops |
| CN114342721A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-04-15 | 丹东农业科学院 | Application method of biogas fertilizer in production of blueberries and actinidia arguta |
| CN117397537A (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-01-16 | 东北农业大学 | Yield-increasing and quality-improving method for tomatoes in greenhouse |
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