CN102245801B - 制造对尺寸精度具有高要求的切削工具刀片的方法 - Google Patents
制造对尺寸精度具有高要求的切削工具刀片的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及制造对尺寸精度具有高要求的切削工具刀片的方法，所述方法通过如下方式实施：通过研磨形成硬质组分和粘结剂相的粉末而进行混合；将所述粉末混合物成形为希望形状的坯体；烧结所成形的坯体；将所述经烧结的坯体高精度地打磨成具有希望形状和尺寸的刀片；优选将切削刃进行刃修圆；和给所述经打磨的刀片提供耐磨的非金刚石或非类金刚石涂层。根据所述方法，在惰性气氛或真空或者其它保护性气氛中，在所述粘结剂相的固相线之下，在所述涂层操作之前进行热处理所述经打磨的刀片一段时间，使得所述表面区域的微结构再结构化而不导致显著的尺寸改变。以此方式，得到了如下刀片，该刀片具有出人意料改进的工具寿命和尺寸精度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及改进对尺寸精度具有高要求的用于金属切削应用的工具的表面和刀刃的强度的方法。这样的刀片通常被打磨至希望的尺寸。用于刻螺纹的刀片是一个实例，但所述方法不限于金属切削应用的类型。通过在将所述刀片打磨成最终形状和尺寸之后对它们进行热处理，获得了出人意料增加的工具寿命。
背景技术
通过使用经涂覆的硬质合金或金属陶瓷工具进行金属切削是当今金属加工工业中目前最常见的形式。其通过使用可转位刀片在高生产率下进行，所述可转位刀片具有形状为适当形式的切削刃。螺纹刀片的例子示于图1中。螺纹的复杂形状和对耐受性的高要求是通过如下方式产生的：压制和烧结，随后高精度打磨，刃口抛光和最后施加耐磨性涂层。然而，所述打磨和刃口抛光却引入了在表面中微观水平上的缺陷，所述缺陷为在破裂的碳化物晶粒、裂纹和变形的粘结剂相方面的缺陷。这些缺陷导致在金属切削过程中涂层粘附性差和切削刃破裂的风险增加。
US 5,068,148公开了一种工具刀片，其包括碳化钨基硬质合金基材和沉积在其上的金刚石涂层。为了制造所述刀片，首先将压制体进行烧结以提供碳化钨基硬质合金基材。随后，将所述基材打磨并然后在真空中或在非氧化性气氛中在1000℃至1600℃的温度下进行热处理。随后，在所述基材上通过气相沉积法形成金刚石涂层。
US 5,701,578公开了一种制造经涂覆的刀片的方法，该方法包括如下步骤：提供烧结的基材，该烧结的基材包括通过金属粘结剂粘结在一起的硬质晶粒；从所述烧结的基材中移除材料以形成初始打磨态的基材；降低在所述基材中的残余应力；再烧结所述基材；和在其上沉积金刚石层。
US 5,066,553公开了一种表面涂覆的工具刀片，其具有碳化钨基硬质合金基材和在其上形成的硬质涂层。所述涂层可以具有一个或多个层。所述基材在从所述基材的表面开始深度为约2μm处的表面部分中的钴含量与从所述表面开始深度为约100μm处的内部中的钴含量相比低至少10wt％。其通过如下步骤制备：
—通过常规手段制备碳化钨基硬质合金基材，
—打磨所述基材以将应力赋予接近所述基材表面的碳化钨晶粒以及部分地将所述碳化钨晶粒粉碎成更小的晶粒，
—在不小于WC-Co低共熔温度的温度下热处理所述硬质合金以再结晶所述碳化物晶粒，和
—在所述基材上通过化学气相沉积形成硬质涂层。
EP 1247879提供了一种用于车削钛的未经涂覆的刀片。通过使用与现有技术相比主刃带长度降低的刀片，获得了在工具寿命和生产率方面出人意料的增加。所述有利的结果通过使所述刀片在打磨成最终形状和尺寸之后经历另外的热处理而进一步改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供具有改进性能的对尺寸精度具有高要求的刀片。
附图说明
图1显示了用于刻螺纹的刀片的例子，其要求高的尺寸稳定性。
图2显示了根据本发明的经打磨的、经热处理的和经涂覆的刀片的横截面的SEM图像。
图3显示了根据现有技术的经打磨的和经涂覆的刀片的横截面的SEM图像。
图4显示了Rockwell压痕在根据本发明的经打磨的、经热处理的和经涂覆的刀片的表面上的效果的SEM图像。
图5显示了Rockwell压痕在根据现有技术的经打磨的和经涂覆的刀片的表面上的效果的SEM图像。
现在已经发现，如果使刀片在所述打磨操作后经历在所述粘结剂的固相线以下的热处理，实现了出人意料的工具寿命的增加和不显著的几何变形。
本发明因此涉及制造对尺寸精度具有高要求的硬质合金或金属陶瓷刀片，例如螺纹刀片的方法，所述刀片包含硬质组分和粘结剂相，所述方法通过如下方式实施：
—通过研磨形成硬质组分和粘结剂相的粉末而进行混合，
—将所述粉末混合物成形为希望形状的坯体，
—烧结所成形的坯体，
—将所述经烧结的坯体高精度地打磨成具有希望形状和尺寸的刀片，
—优选将切削刃进行刃修圆，
—在惰性气氛或真空或其它保护性气氛中，在所述粘结剂相的固相线之下，优选在1050-1250℃、最优选在1150°-1250℃的温度下，热处理所述经打磨的刀片一段时间，使得所述表面区域的微结构再结构化而不导致显著的尺寸改变，所述热处理的时间优选30-120分钟、最优选60-90分钟。
—给经打磨的和经热处理的刀片提供非金刚石或非类金刚石的耐磨涂层。
本发明的方法可以应用于所有种类的硬质合金或金属陶瓷。其特别用于具有如下组成的硬质合金：3-15wt％、优选5-13wt％的Co，最高至25wt％、优选0-15wt％的一种或多种选自周期表第IVb、Vb和VIb族的立方碳化物形成元素，优选Ti、Nb和/或Ta。
可以采用现有技术中已知的物理气相沉积法(PVD)或化学气相沉积法(CVD)沉积所述耐磨涂层，优选通过电弧蒸发PVD技术。在一个实施方案中，所述涂层包含至少一个(Ti1-xAlx)N层，其中0.4＜x＜0.7，其厚度为1-5μm。在另一个实施方案中，所述涂层包含至少一个Al2O3层，优选α-相的Al2O3层，所述层具有1-15μm的厚度。在优选的实施方案中，所述涂层包含形式为TiCxNyOz的立方碳氮化物层，和形式为Al2O3的金属氧化物层，其中总的涂层厚度为2-25μm。
根据本发明制造的刀片适用于所有种类的对尺寸精度具有高要求的加工操作，优选刻螺纹操作。其特别适用于需要对用于油和气体应用的气体密封管进行刻螺纹的操作。
具体实施方式
实施例1
制备类型为Seco Tools 5-1113的硬质合金螺纹刀片，参见图1，其由基材和涂层组成。所述基材通过研磨、压制和烧结制成。组成为5.9wt％的Co、2.3wt％的NbC、3.6wt％的TaC、2.5wt％的TiC和余量的WC。平均WC晶粒尺寸为约1μm。将所述刀片打磨至精确形状并刷至刀尖圆角半径为70μm。
实施例2
将得自实施例1的刀片根据本发明，在1000毫巴下的氩气气氛中，在1200℃下热处理1.4h。
采用电弧蒸发TiAl阴极，在总共4Pa压力下的反应性N2气氛中沉积2μm厚的(Ti0.34Al0.66)N层。所述刀片在沉积过程中被施加-110V的负偏压。沉积温度为约400℃。图2显示了刀片的横截面的SEM图像。
实施例3
将得自实施例1的刀片根据本发明在1240℃下，在真空中热处理1h。
沉积CVD涂层，该CVD涂层由4μm Ti(C，N)+3μmα-Al2O3层组成。在沉积Ti(C，N)过程中沉积温度为约850℃，和在沉积Al2O3过程中沉积温度为约1030℃。
实施例4
采用电弧蒸发TiAl阴极，在总共4Pa压力下的反应性N2气氛中，在得自实施例1的刀片上沉积2μm厚的(Ti0.34Al0.66)N层。所述刀片在沉积过程中被施加-110V的负偏压。沉积温度为约400℃。图3显示了刀片的横截面的SEM图像。
实施例5
将得自实施例1的刀片在1400℃下，在40毫巴下的氩气氛中热处理1h。该热处理导致所述刀片超出几何公差的界限。
实施例6
在得自实施例2和4的刀片的涂层和基底之间的粘附性通过Rockwell A压痕测试进行测量。图4显示了根据实施例2的刀片的结果。图5显示了根据实施例4的刀片的结果。显而易见的是根据本发明的刀片显示了优异的在基材和涂层之间的粘附性。
实施例7
测试得自实施例2、3和4的经涂覆的刀片在如下条件下的工具寿命：实施例4是现有技术并用作对照。
切削数据：
工件：
直径：
长度： L＝254.50mm
材料： L80-1(API-标准)
硬度： 750N/mm2
结果：
工具寿命标准是在233m/min的切削速度下，以分钟计的切削的最大时间，切齿的碎裂或者断裂是典型的失败原因。
实施例2(PVD-涂覆的)：平均刀片寿命：31个零件(测试6个刀片)
实施例3(CVD-涂覆的)：平均刀片寿命：29个零件(测试4个刀片)
实施例4(参照PVD-涂覆的)：平均刀片寿命：9个零件(测试6个刀片)
该项测试表明根据本发明的刀片与现有技术相比，工具寿命可以是三倍以上。
Claims (11)
1.制造对尺寸精度具有高要求的硬质合金或金属陶瓷刀片的方法，所述刀片包含硬质组分和粘结剂相，所述方法包括：
—通过研磨形成硬质组分和粘结剂相的粉末而进行混合，
—将所述粉末混合物成形为希望形状的坯体，
—烧结所成形的坯体，
—将所述经烧结的坯体高精度地打磨成具有希望形状和尺寸的刀片，
—在惰性气氛或真空或者其它保护性气氛中，在所述粘结剂相的固相线之下，热处理所述经打磨的刀片一段时间，使得所述表面区域的微结构再结构化而不导致显著的尺寸改变，然后
—给所述经打磨的刀片提供耐磨的非金刚石或非类金刚石涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在打磨和热处理步骤之间，将切削刃进行刃修圆。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于在1050-1250℃的温度下热处理30-120分钟。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于在1150°-1250℃的温度下进行热处理。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其特征在于进行热处理60-90分钟。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述硬质合金具有如下组成：3-15wt%的Co，最高至25wt%的一种或多种选自周期表第IVb、Vb和VIb族的立方碳化物形成元素。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于所述硬质合金包含 5-13wt%的Co。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于所述硬质合金包含0-15wt%的一种或多种选自周期表第IVB、VB和VIB族的立方碳化物形成元素。
9.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于所述一种或多种选自周期表第IVB、VB和VIB族的立方碳化物形成元素为Ti、Nb和/或Ta。
10.根据权利要求1至3和6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于所述涂层包含至少一个通过PVD沉积的(Ti1-xAlx)N层，其中0.4<x<0.7，该层具有1-5μm的厚度。
11.根据权利要求1至3和6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于所述涂层包含至少一个通过CVD沉积的Al2O3层，所述层具有1-15μm的厚度。
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| SE0802544 | 2008-12-10 | ||
| SE0802544-7 | 2008-12-10 | ||
| PCT/SE2009/051392 WO2010068168A1 (en) | 2008-12-10 | 2009-12-09 | Method of making cutting tool inserts with high demands on dimensional accuracy |
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| CN102245801A CN102245801A (zh) | 2011-11-16 |
| CN102245801B true CN102245801B (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
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| US (1) | US8512807B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP2379769A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2012511437A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20110099694A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN102245801B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2010068168A1 (zh) |
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| JP2015523222A (ja) * | 2012-05-31 | 2015-08-13 | ダイヤモンド イノベイションズ インコーポレーテッド | 残留応力フリーｃｂｎ複合材料で作られた切削工具とその製造方法 |
| EP3566799B1 (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2023-09-27 | Seco Tools Ab | A method for manufacturing a sintered body |
| EP3763840B1 (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2022-04-20 | Sandvik Mining and Construction Tools AB | Gradient cemented carbide body and method of manufacturing thereof |
| CN113664234A (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-19 | 成都工具研究所有限公司 | 一种精密成型切削刀具及其制备方法 |
| CN114227147B (zh) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-08-01 | 成都美奢锐新材料有限公司 | 一种雪茄剪或雪茄刀专用刀片的制备方法和刀片 |
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| US5066553A (en) * | 1989-04-12 | 1991-11-19 | Mitsubishi Metal Corporation | Surface-coated tool member of tungsten carbide based cemented carbide |
| CN1517450A (zh) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-04 | ɽ��ʩά���� | 具有硬质合金涂层的嵌入件 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2621474B2 (ja) * | 1989-04-12 | 1997-06-18 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 耐摩耗性および耐欠損性にすぐれた炭化タングステン基超硬合金製工具部材 |
| JPH03190604A (ja) * | 1989-12-15 | 1991-08-20 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 硬質層被覆炭化タングステン基超硬合金製工具部材 |
| JP2653173B2 (ja) * | 1989-06-14 | 1997-09-10 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 耐欠損性のすぐれた炭化タングステン基超硬合金製切削工具 |
| JPH05195223A (ja) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-08-03 | Seiko Instr Inc | 被覆焼結体とその製造方法 |
| JPH10225804A (ja) | 1997-02-10 | 1998-08-25 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 耐欠損性のすぐれた表面被覆超硬合金製切削工具およびその製造法 |
| SE0101241D0 (sv) | 2001-04-05 | 2001-04-05 | Sandvik Ab | Tool for turning of titanium alloys |
| US6648941B2 (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2003-11-18 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy and iron-based sintered compact |
| EP1453627A4 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2006-04-12 | Baker Hughes Inc | CONSOLIDATED HARD MATERIALS, METHODS OF PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS |
| JP2003247006A (ja) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-09-05 | Allied Material Corp | 超硬質膜被覆部材及びその製造方法 |
| KR101035224B1 (ko) * | 2004-07-08 | 2011-05-18 | 스미토모 덴키 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 압축 응력의 강도 분포를 갖는 피막을 구비한 표면 피복절삭공구 |
| US7887747B2 (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2011-02-15 | Sanalloy Industry Co., Ltd. | High strength hard alloy and method of preparing the same |
| JP2008149390A (ja) * | 2006-12-14 | 2008-07-03 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 表面被覆切削工具 |
| SE0700602L (sv) * | 2007-03-13 | 2008-09-14 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Hårdmetallskär och metod att tillverka detsamma |
| US8202344B2 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2012-06-19 | Kennametal Inc. | Cemented carbide with ultra-low thermal conductivity |
| US9127335B2 (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2015-09-08 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Cemented carbide tools |
| US20110320037A1 (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2011-12-29 | Jose Frugone | Biometric payment and identification system and method |
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2009
- 2009-12-09 US US13/139,119 patent/US8512807B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-09 KR KR1020117013159A patent/KR20110099694A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-12-09 JP JP2011540660A patent/JP2012511437A/ja active Pending
- 2009-12-09 CN CN200980149624.7A patent/CN102245801B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-09 EP EP09832203A patent/EP2379769A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-12-09 WO PCT/SE2009/051392 patent/WO2010068168A1/en active Application Filing
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5066553A (en) * | 1989-04-12 | 1991-11-19 | Mitsubishi Metal Corporation | Surface-coated tool member of tungsten carbide based cemented carbide |
| CN1517450A (zh) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-04 | ɽ��ʩά���� | 具有硬质合金涂层的嵌入件 |
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| WO2010068168A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
| EP2379769A1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
| US8512807B2 (en) | 2013-08-20 |
| KR20110099694A (ko) | 2011-09-08 |
| JP2012511437A (ja) | 2012-05-24 |
| CN102245801A (zh) | 2011-11-16 |
| US20110244129A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
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