CN102245672A - Copolyesters with enhanced tear strength - Google Patents

Copolyesters with enhanced tear strength Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102245672A
CN102245672A CN2009801505049A CN200980150504A CN102245672A CN 102245672 A CN102245672 A CN 102245672A CN 2009801505049 A CN2009801505049 A CN 2009801505049A CN 200980150504 A CN200980150504 A CN 200980150504A CN 102245672 A CN102245672 A CN 102245672A
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aliphatic
aromatic
acid
moles
copolyesters
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Inventor
R·M·戈希尔
N·M·哈斯蒂
E·J·斯坦奇克
M·F·蒂斯利
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
    • C08G63/181—Acids containing aromatic rings
    • C08G63/183—Terephthalic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
    • C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters that can exhibit improved tear strength and improved rate of biodegradation. Particularly to an aliphatic-aromatic copolyester having a dicarboxylic acid component and a glycol component. The invention also relates to articles and blends using the copolyesters.

Description

Copolyesters with enhanced tear strength
Invention field
The present invention relates to show the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters that tear strength is improved and biodegradation rate improves.The invention still further relates to the goods and the blend that use described copolyesters.
Background of invention
Along with the increase of population, it is deficient that resource becomes, and social habit has bigger influence for our environment.Concern to these facts causes sustainability to change, and wherein the energy, carbon emission amount and soil utilization are all worked.In ideal conditions, the material that we use will adopt rechargeable energy, make by recyclable materials, and their the original form of after they provide their purposes, will harmlessly degrading back soon.The objective of the invention is by overcome make before some defective of suffering setbacks of work of this type of material of exploitation, on this direction, step a step.
Those work in the past focus on two broad aspect: aliphatic polyester and copolyesters, and aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters.Aliphatic polyester generally synthesizes by the reaction of single glycol and one or more linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid.Although demonstrate significant biological degradation trend, their thermal property is not enough to be used for the application of real world usually.Specifically, homopolymer has low melting glass usually, and multipolymer has low-crystallinity or unbodied usually.
Because these defectives, most of work focuses on the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters.In general, these reactions by single glycol and linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid and aromatic dicarboxylate's (being generally terephthalic acid) are synthesized.Referring to for example Witt, people's such as U. " J.Environ.Polym.Degr. " (1995,3 (4), the 215-223 page or leaf).
Comprise the 4th or even how monomeric aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters be not discussed under many circumstances.Armstrong World Industries, Inc. disclose the fiber that is made of this class mixture in U.S. Patent application No.20080081898.Specifically, in described application, example the use of diol mixture, 6 kinds or more kinds of monomeric mixture, significant quantity trifunctional molecule and alicyclic molecule.
Herein disclosed is the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters that comprises more limited monomer mixture.These compositions provide with respect to described in the work of most aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters those, show the film of improvement aspect tear strength.Simultaneously, these compositions have and make them especially can be used for thermal property and the biodegradation character of flexible membrane in using.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, described copolyesters is made up of following basically:
I. di-carboxylic acid component, described di-carboxylic acid component is made up of following basically based on total acid constituents of 100 moles of %:
A. first aromatic dicarboxylate's component of forming by terephthalic acid component basically of about 40 to 80 moles of %; With
B. the linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid component of about 60 to 10 moles of %; With
C. second aromatic dicarboxylate's component of about 2 to 30 moles of %; With
II. diol component, described diol component is made up of following basically based on the total diol components of 100 moles of %:
A. the straight diol component of about 100 to 96 moles of %; With
B. the two aklylene glycol components of about 0 to 4 mole of %.
The invention still further relates to described aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters and the blend that comprises other polymeric material of crude substance.It also relates to the moulded products that comprises described aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters and their blends.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
This paper has described the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, and described copolyesters can be processed to have the film of enhanced tear strength.Described copolyesters is normally hemicrystalline and biodegradable, and their film compost normally.Described copolyesters via diol component with make as the polymerization of terephthalic acid, linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid component and second aromatic dicarboxylate's component of the first di-carboxylic acid component.Notice, can use ester, the acid anhydrides of described acid or become ester derivative.Term " dibasic alcohol " and " glycol " exchange and use, and are meant the broad sense composition of the primary alconol, secondary alcohol or the tertiary alcohol that comprise two hydroxyls.Term " miocrystalline " is intended to represent that a part of polymer chain of aromatic-aliphatic copolyesters is present in the crystallization phases, and the rest part of polymer chain is present in the unordered glassiness amorphous phase.Crystallization phases is characterised in that melt temperature Tm, and amorphous phase is characterised in that glass transition temperature Tg, and it can adopt dsc (DSC) to measure.
In general, acid constituents will comprise between the terephthalic acid component between about 80 and 40 moles of %, between the linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid component between about 10 and 60 moles of % and second aromatic dicarboxylate's component between about 2 and 30 moles of % based on total acid constituents of 100 moles of %.In addition, described diol component is made up of the straight diol component of about 100 to 96 moles of % and the two aklylene glycol components of about 0 to 4 mole of % basically based on the total diol components of 100 moles of %.
Usually, acid constituents will comprise between the terephthalic acid component between about 69 and 46 moles of %, between the linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid component between about 26 and 49 moles of % and second aromatic dicarboxylate's component between about 4 and 19 moles of % based on total acid constituents of 100 moles of %.
Usually, acid constituents will comprise between the terephthalic acid component between about 59 and 51 moles of %, between the linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid component between about 34 and 44 moles of % and second aromatic dicarboxylate's component between about 6 and 14 moles of % based on total acid constituents of 100 moles of %.
In general, the molar percentage ratio of second aromatic dicarboxylate and terephthalic acid was less than about 3: 4.More typically, the molar percentage ratio of second aromatic dicarboxylate and terephthalic acid was less than about 19: 46.Usually, the molar percentage ratio of second aromatic dicarboxylate and terephthalic acid was less than about 14: 51.In some embodiments, the molar percentage ratio of second aromatic dicarboxylate and terephthalic acid was less than about 19: 81.
In general, the molar percentage ratio of second aromatic dicarboxylate and terephthalic acid was greater than about 1: 20.More typically, the molar percentage ratio of second aromatic dicarboxylate and terephthalic acid was greater than about 2: 23.Usually, the molar percentage ratio of second aromatic dicarboxylate and terephthalic acid was greater than about 6: 51.In some embodiments, the molar percentage ratio of second aromatic dicarboxylate and terephthalic acid was greater than about 5: 26.
In general, all aromatic dicarboxylates and all linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid add with the molar percentage ratio greater than 2: 3.More typically, all aromatic dicarboxylates and all linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid add with the molar percentage ratio greater than 51: 49.Usually, all aromatic dicarboxylates and all linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid add with the molar percentage ratio greater than 56: 44.In some embodiments, all aromatic dicarboxylates and all linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid add with the molar percentage ratio greater than 61: 39.
Can be used for the lower alkyl esters that terephthalic acid component in the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters comprises two (ethyl glycolates) of terephthalic acid, terephthalic acid and has the terephthalic acid of 8 to 20 carbon atoms.The specific examples of suitable terephthalic acid component comprises terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), two (2-hydroxyethyl) esters of terephthalic acid, two (3-hydroxypropyl) esters of terephthalic acid, two (4-hydroxybutyl) esters of terephthalic acid.
The linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid component that can be used in the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters comprises unsubstituted and methyl substituted aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and their lower alkyl esters with 2 to 36 carbon atoms.The specific examples of suitable linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid component comprises oxalic acid, dimethyl oxalate, propanedioic acid, dimethyl malonate, succsinic acid, Succinic acid dimethylester, pentanedioic acid, Methyl glutarate, 3, the 3-dimethylated pentanedioic acid, hexanodioic acid, dimethyl adipate, pimelic acid, suberic acid, nonane diacid, dimethyl azelate, sebacic acid, dimethyl sebacate, undecane diacid, 1, the 10-dodecanedioic acid, 1,11-undecane dicarboxylic acid (brassylic acid), 1, the 12-tetradecane diacid, Thapsic acid, docosandioic acid, tetracosane diacid, and by they deutero-mixtures.Linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid component derived from the recyclable organism source, is nonane diacid, sebacic acid and brassylic acid specifically preferably.Yet, can use any known linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid or derivative basically, comprise their mixture.
Can be used for aromatic dicarboxylate's lower alkyl esters that aromatic dicarboxylate's component in the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters comprises unsubstituted and methyl substituted aromatic dicarboxylate, aromatic dicarboxylate's two (ethyl glycolate) and has 8 carbon to 20 carbon.Suitable di-carboxylic acid component example comprises derived from those of phthalic ester, isophthalic acid ester, naphthalene two acid esters and biphenyl dicarboxylic acid ester.The specific examples of suitable aromatic dicarboxylate's component comprises phthalic acid, dimethyl phthalate, Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride, two (2-hydroxyethyl) esters of phthalic acid, two (3-hydroxypropyl) esters of phthalic acid, two (the 4-hydroxyl butyl) esters of phthalic acid, m-phthalic acid, dimethyl isophthalate, two (2-hydroxyethyl) esters of m-phthalic acid, two (3-hydroxypropyl) esters of m-phthalic acid, two (4-hydroxybutyl) esters of m-phthalic acid, 2, the 6-naphthalic acid, 2, the 6-naphthalene diformic acid dimethyl ester, 2, the 7-naphthalic acid, 2, the 7-naphthalene diformic acid dimethyl ester, 1, the 8-naphthalic acid, 1, the 8-naphthalene diformic acid dimethyl ester, 1,8-naphthalene acid anhydride, 3,4 '-the phenyl ether dioctyl phthalate, 3,4 '-phenyl ether dioctyl phthalate dimethyl ester, 4,4 '-the phenyl ether dioctyl phthalate, 4,4 '-phenyl ether dioctyl phthalate dimethyl ester, 3,4 '-benzophenone dicarboxylic acid, 3,4 '-the benzophenone dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester, 4,4 '-benzophenone dicarboxylic acid, 4,4 '-the benzophenone dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester, 1, the 4-naphthalic acid, 1, the 4-naphthalene diformic acid dimethyl ester, 4,4 '-methylene radical two (naphthoic acid), 4,4 '-methylene radical two (phenylformic acid) dimethyl ester, biphenyl-4,4 '-dioctyl phthalate, and by they deutero-mixtures.Usually, second aromatic dicarboxylate's component is derived from Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride, phthalic acid, m-phthalic acid or their mixture.Yet any aromatic dicarboxylate known in the art or derivative can be used as second aromatic dicarboxylate, comprise their mixture.In general, monomer of the present invention is not intended to comprise ion substituent, as anion sulfoacid root and phosphate groups.
Find that the straight diol component that can be used for usually in the embodiment disclosed herein comprises the unsubstituted and methyl substituted aliphatic diol with 2 to 10 carbon atoms.Example comprises 1,1,2-propylene glycol, 1, ammediol, 2 and 1,4-butyleneglycol.Described straight diol component derived from the recyclable organism source, is 1 specifically preferably, ammediol and 1,4-butyleneglycol.
The two aklylene glycol components that are present in the embodiment disclosed herein can be joined in the polyreaction as monomer, but it generates on the spot by the dimerization reaction of straight diol component under the required condition of polyreaction usually.The method of control straight diol dimerization reaction comprises that monomer is selected as selects between di-carboxylic acid and their derivative or comprise sulfonated monomers, catalyzer is selected, catalytic amount, comprise strong protonic acid, add basic cpd such as Tetramethylammonium hydroxide or sodium acetate, and other processing condition such as the temperature and the residence time.In general, two aklylene glycol components contents are about 0 to 4 mole of % based on the total diol components of 100 moles of %.Usually, two aklylene glycol components contents are at least about 0.1 mole of % based on the total diol components of 100 moles of %.
Be used for 1 of embodiment disclosed herein, ammediol preferably obtains from renewable source (" biologically-derived " 1, ammediol) by biochemical route.Especially preferred 1, the ammediol source is to obtain via the fermentation process that uses the recyclable organism source.As the illustrative example of the raw material that derives from renewable resources, described obtaining 1, the biochemical route of ammediol (PDO), the raw material that described approach utilization is made by resource biology and reproducible such as maize raw material.For example, can be 1 with transformation of glycerol, the bacterial isolates of ammediol is present in bacterial classification Klebsiella pneumoniae (Klebsiella), citric acid bacillus (Citrobacter), clostridium (Clostridium) and the lactobacillus (Lactobacillus).Described technology is disclosed in some announcements, comprises US5633362, US5686276 and US5821092.US5821092 especially discloses the use recombinant organisms, by the biological production 1 of glycerine, the method for ammediol.Described method has been introduced 1, and the 2-propylene glycol has the intestinal bacteria of specific employing allos pdu dioldehydrase gene transformation.The intestinal bacteria that transformed grow in the presence of as the glycerine of carbon source, and isolate 1 from growth medium, ammediol.Because bacterium and yeast can both be converted into glycerine with glucose (as primverose) or other carbohydrate, be disclosed in therefore that these methods in announcing provide fast, cheapness and environmental protection 1, ammediol monomer source.
Biologically-derived 1, ammediol, for example the method preparation by mentioned above and reference is the sort of, comprises the carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide that is absorbed by plant, and this plant has constituted preparation 1, the raw material of ammediol.Like this, be preferred for the biologically-derived 1 of the context of the invention, ammediol only comprises reproducible carbon, and does not comprise based on fossil oil or based on the carbon of oil.Therefore, biologically-derived 1 based on utilizing, the Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate) of ammediol has less influence to environment, and this is because employed 1, ammediol does not have the depletion fossil oil, and release carbon in degraded back is got back in the atmosphere to be utilized once more by plant.Therefore, composition of the present invention can be characterized by more natural, and littler than the analogous composition that comprises the petroleum base glycol to the influence of environment.
Can be by two carbon isotope fingerprintings, to biologically-derived 1, ammediol and based on its Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate) with distinguished by the petrochemical industry source or by the similar compound of fossil oil carbon preparation.This method can be used for distinguishing chemically identical material, and distributes carbon material by the growth source (may be year) that biosphere (plant) formed.Isotropic substance 14C and 13C has brought side information for this problem.The radiocarbon dating isotropic substance ( 14C) (its nuclear transformation period be 5730) can make clearly distribution sample carbon between fossil (" dead ") and biosphere (" living ") raw material (Currie, L.A., " Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Particles ", Characterization of Environmental Particles, J.Buffle and H.P.van Leeuwen edit, IUPAC Environmental Analytical Chemistry Series (Lewis Publishers, Inc) (1992,3-74) I rolls up the 1st collection).The basic assumption of radioactive carbon dating is in the atmosphere 14The concentration of C is invariable, and it makes in the organism that lives 14C is invariable.When handling isolating sample, the age of sample can be derived like close by following:
t＝(-5730/0.693)ln(A/A 0)
Wherein the t=age, 5730 is the transformation period of radiocarbon C14, and A and A 0Be respectively the concrete of sample and contemporary standard thing 14The C activity (Hsieh, Y, " Soil Sci.Soc.Am J.", 56,460, (1992)).Yet, because since the atmosphere nuclear test of nineteen fifty and the combustion of fossil fuel of beginning in 1850, 14C has obtained second geochemistry temporal characteristics.In middle 1960s, in the nuclear test peak period, it is in Atmospheric CO 2In and therefore the concentration in the biosphere of living is approximately double.After this it is back to about 1.2 * 10 gradually -12Stable state cosmogenesis (the atmosphere origin cause of formation) baseline isotropic substance speed ( 14C/ 12C), the approximate relaxation " transformation period " that has 7-10.After this understanding that definitely can not literally look like of a kind of transformation period; On the contrary, people must use detailed atmosphere nuclear input/decay function to follow the trail of in atmosphere and the biosphere 14The variation of C after the nuclear age begins.A kind of biosphere just 14The temporal characteristics of C presented to modern age biosphere carbon carry out the hope of dating. 14C can measure by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), and the result is with " umber of contemporary carbon " (f M) provide for unit.f MBy National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference materials (SRM) 4990B and 4990C (being called oxalic acid standard HOxI and HOxII) definition.Basic definition relates to 0.95 and multiply by 14C/ 12C isotope ratio HOxI (with reference to AD 1950).This roughly is equivalent to the preceding timber of the Industrial Revolution that decay correction is crossed.For current living body biological circle (vegetable material), f M≈ 1.1.
Stable carbon isotope ratio ( 13C/ 12C) the additional approach that provides the source to distinguish and distribute.In given biogenetic derivation material, 13C/ 12The C ratio is when carbon dioxide fixation in the atmospheric carbon dioxide 13C/ 12The ratio of C, and reflected accurate pathways metabolism.Regional change is also arranged.Oil, C 3Plant (broad-leaved), C 4Plant (draft) and marine carbonate all exist 13C/ 12C and corresponding δ 13Demonstrate significant difference on the C value.In addition, since pathways metabolism, C 3And C 4The decomposition of the lipid material of plant is different with the material derived from the carbohydrate ingredient of identical plant.In the precision of measuring, because the isotope fractionation effect 13C demonstrates very big variation, and the most significant for the present invention is photosynthesis mechanism.In the plant in the major cause of carbon isotope rate variance and the plant difference of photosynthesis carbon pathways metabolism closely related, the especially reaction that during elementary carboxylation reaction, is taken place, i.e. Atmospheric CO 2Initial fixation.Two big class plants are to participate in " C 3" (or Calvin-Benson) photosynthesis round-robin those, and participate in " C 4" (or Hatch-Slack) photosynthesis round-robin those.The C of hardwood and needle and so on 3The type plant is mainly in the tierra templada.At C 3In the type plant, elementary CO 2Fixing or carboxylation reaction relates to the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase, and first stable product is the 3-carbon compound.On the other hand, C 4The type plant comprises the plant as tropical pasture, corn and sugarcane and so on.At C 4In the type plant, the other carboxylation reaction that relates to another kind of enzyme, phosphoric acid enol pyruvic acid carboxylase is elementary carboxylation reaction.First stable carbon compound is a 4-carbonic acid, and it is subsequently by decarboxylation.The CO of Shi Fanging thus 2By C 3Circulation is fixing once more.
C 4And C 3The type plant shows certain limit 13C/ 12The C isotope ratio, but typical value is about 1/1000ths to-14 (C 4) and 1/1000ths to-26 (C 3) (people such as Weber, " J. Agric.Food Chem.", 45,2042 (1997)).Coal and oil generally drop in the back scope. 13C measure scale be at first with the South Carolina, United States cretaceous period skin Di to organize plan belemnite fossil (PDB) limestone in the layer position serve as zero to define, wherein numerical value provides with thousand marks of the deviation of material therewith." δ 13C " value is thousand marks (some thousandths of), is abbreviated as ‰, and following calculating:
Figure BPA00001389086100081
Because PDB reference material (RM) exhausts, IAEA, USGS, NIST and other selected international isotopic laboratories have developed a series of alternative RM cooperatively.Deviation thousand mark δ with PDB 13C represents.Be on 44,45 and 46 the molion to CO by high-precision stable ratio mass spectrum (IRMS) in quality 2Measure.
Therefore, biologically-derived 1, ammediol and comprise biologically-derivedly 1, the composition of ammediol can basis 14C (f M) and show two carbon isotope fingerprintings that novel substance is formed and the material suitable with them with the petrochemical industry deutero-differentiates fully.The ability of distinguishing these products helps following the tracks of these materials in the commerce.For example, the product that comprises " newly " and " old " two kinds of Carbon Isotope Characteristics figure can differentiate with the product of only being made by " old " material.Therefore, can promptly use material, and be used for limiting competition, determining storage time, and be particularly useful for assessing purpose the influence of environment commercial the close attention according to its unique characteristic pattern.
Measure according to gas chromatographic analysis, as 1 of reactant or reactant composition, ammediol preferably has greater than about 99 weight % when preparation polymkeric substance disclosed herein, and more preferably greater than the purity of about 99.9 weight %.Especially preferred be among US7038092, US7098368, US7084311 and the US20050069997A1 disclosed purifying 1, ammediol.
1 of described purifying, ammediol preferably have following properties:
(1) in the uv-absorbing at 220nm place less than about 0.200, at the 250nm place less than about 0.075, and at the 275nm place less than about 0.075; And/or
(2) CIELAB " b that has of composition *" colour is less than about 0.15 (ASTM D6290), and in the absorption at 270nm place less than about 0.075; And/or
(3) less than the peroxide compositions of about 10ppm; And/or
(4) when by gas chromatographic measurement, the concentration of total organic impurity (removing 1, the organic compound outside the ammediol) is more preferably less than about 300ppm less than about 400ppm, also is more preferably less than about 150ppm.
In general, the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters can be got by disclosed monomer polymerization by becoming known for preparing any method of polyester.These class methods can be implemented with intermittence, semi-batch or successive pattern by adopting suitable reactor configuration.The concrete batch reactor technology that is used for preparing the disclosed polymkeric substance of this paper embodiment is equipped with and is used for reaction is heated to 260 ℃ device, is used to boil off the fractional column of volatile liquid, the vacuum systems that can stir the efficient agitator of high viscosity melts, cover the device of reactor content and can be less than 1 holder vacuum tightness with nitrogen.
This discontinuous method is generally implemented in two steps.In the first step, in the presence of transesterification catalyst, make the reaction of di-carboxylic acid monomer or their derivative and glycol.This causes the glycol adducts that generates alcohol and/or water and di-carboxylic acid, and alcohol and/or water are steamed reaction vessel.Joining monomeric actual amount in the reactor is easy to by the professional according to required amount of polymers and form to determine.It is favourable using excess diol in step of transesterification, in the reaction of second one-step polycondensation excess diol is boiled off.Usually use excessive 10 to 100% glycol.Catalyzer is that this area is known usually, and the catalyzer that is preferred for this method is pure titanium.Catalyst consumption is generally 20 to 200 parts of per 1,000,000 parts of polymkeric substance of titanium.At blended simultaneously, the monomer that merges is heated to 200 to 250 ℃ of temperature in the scope gradually.According to used reactor and monomer, reactor direct heating to 250 ℃ perhaps can be able to be remained under 200 to 230 ℃ of temperature in the scope, so that transesterify to take place, and volatile products are steamed, and can not lose excessive glycol.Step of transesterification is finished under the temperature in 240 to 260 ℃ of scopes usually.By the amount of collected alcohol and/or water, and the reduction by the distillation column head temperature, determine that exchange step finishes.
Under 240 to 260 ℃ and vacuum, implement the reaction of second one-step polycondensation, to boil off excessive glycol.Preferably apply vacuum gradually, to avoid the reactor content bumping.Continue to stir down in high vacuum (less than 1 holder), until reaching desired melt viscosity.Can determine according to the moment of torsion of beater motor whether polymkeric substance has reached desired melt viscosity to the experienced operator of reacting appliance.
The aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters preferably has sufficiently high molecular weight usually provides the melt viscosity that is suitable for being processed into moulded products, and effective mechanical characteristics level of described goods is provided.In general, about 20,000g/mol is to about 150, and the weight-average molecular weight of 000g/mol (Mw) is useful.More typical is about 50, and 000g/mol is to about 130, the Mw of 000g/mol.Most typical is about 80, and 000g/mol is to about 110, the Mw of 000g/mol.Under practical situation, molecular weight is usually relevant with soltion viscosity such as intrinsic viscosity or limiting viscosity.Though definite dependency depends on the composition of specifying multipolymer, above molecular weight is generally corresponding to limiting viscosity (IV) value of about 0.5dL/g to about 2.0dL/g.The more typical IV value that is about 1.0dL/g to about 1.8dL/g.The most typical IV value that is about 1.3dL/g to about 1.6dL/g.Though the copolyesters that is made by method disclosed herein reaches gratifying molecular weight, but can use chain extension agent to improve described molecular weight fast easily, and farthest reduce their thermal history, reduce the temperature and the duration of contact of exchange and condensation polymerization step simultaneously.Suitable chain extension agent comprises vulcabond, polyisocyanates, dicarboxylic anhydride, diepoxide, polyepoxide, bisoxazoline, carbodiimide and divinyl ether, during it can be processed when condensation polymerization step finishes, in mechanical extrusion equipment or add during copolyesters is processed into desired moulded products.The specific examples of suitable chain extension agent comprises hexamethylene diisocyanate, methylene-bis (4-phenyl isocyanate) and pyromellitic dianhydride.This type of chain extension agent is generally 0.1 to 2 weight % with respect to the consumption of copolyesters.
The molecular weight of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters can also be extruded raising by polyreaction aftertreatment such as solid state polymerization and vacuum, and these two can effectively remove any volatile matter that polycondensation generates in their corresponding temperature and time scopes.The usefulness of these methods is that the composition of copolyesters keeps not being subjected to the interference of processing conditions.In solid-phase polymerization, polyester or copolyesters are remained below under the temperature of its fusing point, more typically be lower than the temperature that polymer beads begins to become sticky, and stand vacuum or exsiccant airflow.This method is the most useful for polyester as polyethylene terephthalate, Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate) and poly-terephthalic acid butanediol ester, and they comprise the comonomer of their fusing points of remarkable reduction (usually greater than 200 ℃) hardly or not.In vacuum is extruded, under suitable temperature, polyester or copolyesters are joined in the machine extruder, so that their fusions stand high vacuum then.Because the lower fusing point (usually less than 200 ℃) of copolyesters, this method is the most useful for them, comprises that its preparation is described in all compositions herein.In every kind of method,, polycondensation can determine as the moment of torsion reading of machine extruder by sampling or observation process output because obtaining the required temperature and time of the necessary raising of molecular weight.
The suitable mechanical forcing machine of processing copolyesters thereon is well known in the art, and can be available from commercial supplier.For example, forcing machine and stirring reactor can be advantageously used in during vacuum extrudes, and comprise single shaft, twin shaft, conrotatory or contrary cyclone.Twin screw extruder derives from Coperion Werner ﹠amp; Pfleiderer (Stuttgart, Germany), and continuously stirring formula reactor derive from BUSS AG (LR series, Pratteln, Switzerland) and LIST AG (Arisdorf, Switzerland).These devices are designed to make the polycondensation of thickness phase to reach the continuous plug flow reactor of high conversion, therefore have about 5 to about 40 the big ratio of L/D.
Alternatively, by during polyreaction, branching agent being joined in the copolyesters, can improve melt viscosity to introduce long-chain branch.Suitable branching agent comprises trifunctional and the polyfunctional compound who contains carboxylic acid functional, hydroxy functional group or their mixtures.The specific examples of suitable branching agent comprises 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylic acid (trimellitic acid), 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylic acid trimethyl, 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylic acid acid anhydride (trimellitic acid 1,2-anhydride), 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid (trimesic acid), 1,2,4,5-benzene tetracarboxylic acid (Pyromellitic Acid), 1,2,4,5-pyromellitic dianhydride (pyromellitic acid dianhydride), 3,3 ', 4,4 '-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarbacidic acidic dianhydride, 1,3, three acid of 5-hexamethylene, tetramethylolmethane, glycerine, 2-(methylol)-1, ammediol, 1,1,1-three (methylol) propane, 2, two (methylol) propionic acid of 2-, and by they deutero-mixtures.This type of branching agent is generally 0.01 to 0.5 mole of % with respect to the consumption of di-carboxylic acid component or diol component, and this is by the main functional group decision of branching agent.
In addition, by during the processing of polyreaction or copolyesters, adding nucleator accelerating their crystallization rate, and make that the distribution of crystallite in the whole volume of polymkeric substance is more even, the thermal characteristics of copolyesters can be adjusted to a certain degree.So, the processing of copolyesters can keep more all even unanimity to improve by the hot quenching that makes molten polymer, cause the mechanical characteristics of moulded products to improve potentially.Especially Shi Yi nucleator comprises partially or completely by the sodium salt of sodium cation neutral carboxylic acid and polymeric ionomer.If during polyreaction, add, use the sodium salt of lower molecular weight usually, and can add or add with monomer in the process later stage, as after exchange step finishes and before the condensation polymerization step or during adding.If be combined into the copolyesters that has made, then use the sodium salt and the polymer ionomer of higher molecular weight usually, and can during machinery is extruded, add in the well-beaten while.The specific examples of suitable nucleator comprises sodium acetate, sodium acetate trihydrate, sodium formiate, sodium bicarbonate, Sodium Benzoate, terephthalic acid list sodium, sodium stearate, erucic acid sodium, montanic acid sodium (Licomont NaV 101, Clariant), Surlyn
Figure BPA00001389086100112
Sodium ionomer (ethylene-methyl methacrylate sodium ionomer, DuPont TM) and AClyn
Figure BPA00001389086100113
285 (low-molecular-weight ethylene-acrylic acid sodium ionomer, Honeywell International, Inc.).This type of nucleator uses with the amount of sending 10 to 1000ppm sodium with respect to copolyesters usually.
The aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters can with other polymeric material blend.This type of polymeric material can be biodegradable or not biodegradable, and can be natural source, the modified natural source or synthetic.
Be suitable for that biodegradable polymeric material example with the aliphatic-aromatic polyester blending comprises poly-(hydroxy alkane acid ester), polycarbonate, poly-(caprolactone), aliphatic polyester, aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, aliphatic-aromatic copolyether ester, aliphatic-aromatic copolyamide ester, sulfonated aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, sulfonated aliphatic-aromatic copolyether ester, sulfonated aliphatic-aromatic copolyamide ester and by them deutero-multipolymer and mixture.But the specific examples of the Biodegradable material of blend comprises the Biomax of DuPont Company
Figure BPA00001389086100121
The Eastar Bio of sulfonated aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, Eastman Chemical Company
Figure BPA00001389086100122
The Ecoflex of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, BASF AG
Figure BPA00001389086100123
The EnPol of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, poly-(terephthalic acid 1,4-butanediol ester-be total to-hexanodioic acid 1 the 4-butanediol ester) (50: 50 moles), IRe Chemical Company
Figure BPA00001389086100124
The Bionolle of polyester, poly-(succsinic acid 1,4-butanediol ester), Showa High Polymer Company
Figure BPA00001389086100125
The Bak of polyester, poly-(succsinic acid glycol ester), poly-(hexanodioic acid 1,4-butanediol ester-be total to-succsinic acid 1 the 4-butanediol ester), poly-(hexanodioic acid 1,4-butanediol ester), poly-(carboxylic acid amide esters), Bayer Company The Biopol that gathers (carboxylic acid amide esters), poly-(ethylene carbonate), poly-(butyric ester), poly-(hydroxyl valerate), poly-(butyric ester-be total to-hydroxyl valerate), Monsanto Company
Figure BPA00001389086100127
Poly-(hydroxy alkane acid ester), poly-(lactide-co-glycolide-be total to-caprolactone), the Tone (R) poly-(caprolactone) of Union Carbide Company, the EcoPLA of Cargill Dow Company Poly-(rac-Lactide) and by they deutero-mixtures.Basically any biodegradable material can with the aliphatic-aromatic polyester blending.
Be suitable for comprising polyethylene with the not biodegradable polymeric material example of aliphatic-aromatic polyester blending, high density polyethylene(HDPE), new LDPE (film grade), straight-chain low density polyethylene, ultra-low density polyethylene, polyolefine, poly-(ethene-altogether-glycidyl methacrylate), poly-(ethene-altogether-(methyl) methyl acrylate-altogether-glycidyl acrylate), poly-(ethene-altogether-n-butyl acrylate-altogether-glycidyl acrylate), poly-(ethene-altogether-methyl acrylate), poly-(ethene-altogether-ethyl propenoate), poly-(ethene-altogether-butyl acrylate), poly-(ethene-altogether-(methyl) vinylformic acid), the metal-salt of poly-(ethene-be total to-(methyl) vinylformic acid), poly-((methyl) acrylate) is (as poly-(methyl methacrylate), poly-(Jia Jibingxisuanyizhi)), poly-(ethene-altogether-carbon monoxide), poly-(vinyl-acetic ester), poly-(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), poly-(vinyl alcohol), poly-(ethene-altogether-vinyl alcohol), polypropylene, polybutene, polyester, poly-(to ethylene glycol dibenzoate), poly-(to dibenzoic acid 1, the ammediol ester), poly-(to dibenzoic acid 1, the 4-butanediol ester), poly-(ethene-altogether-to dibenzoic acid 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol ester), poly-(vinylchlorid), poly-(vinylidene chloride), polystyrene, syndiotactic polystyrene, poly-(4-hydroxy styrenes), resol, poly-(cresols), polymeric amide, nylon, nylon 6, nylon 46, nylon 66, nylon 612, polycarbonate, poly-(bisphenol a carbonate), polysulfide, poly-(diphenyl sulfide), polyethers, poly-(2, the inferior phenylate of 6-dimethyl), polysulfones, and by them deutero-multipolymer and mixture.
Be suitable for comprising starch with the example of the natural polymerization material of aliphatic-aromatic polyester blending, starch derivative, treated starch, thermoplastic starch, cationic starch, anionic starch, starch ester (as starch acetate), starch hydroxyethyl ether, alkyl starch, dextrin, amine starch, phosphoric acid salt starch, dialdehyde starch, Mierocrystalline cellulose, derivatived cellulose, modified-cellulose, cellulose ester is (as cellulose ethanoate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butylate, the Mierocrystalline cellulose valerate, cellulosic triacetate, cellulose tripropionate, cellulose tributyrate, and cellulose mixed esters (as cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate)), ether of cellulose is (as methyl hydroxyethylcellulose, the hydroxymethyl ethyl Mierocrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, methylcellulose gum, ethyl cellulose, Natvosol and hydroxyethyl propyl cellulose), polysaccharide, alginic acid, alginate esters, phycocolloid, agar, Sudan Gum-arabic, guar gum, acacia gum, carrageenin, Furcellaria gum, India(n) gum, Semen Plantaginis glue Quinces Quince glue, tamarind seed gum, Viscogum BE, kuteera gum, xanthan gum, tragacanth gum, protein, prolamine, collagen and derivative thereof (as gelatin and glue), casein, sunflower protein, egg protein, soy-protein, vegetable jelly, gluten, and by they deutero-mixtures.According to disclosed in the United States Patent (USP) 5,362,777 for example, can make thermoplastic starch.Basically any known natural polymerization material can with the aliphatic-aromatic polyester blending.
The aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters and by the blend that it forms can be used in the preparation multiple moulded products.The multi-layered foamed type of two-pack of can comprising film, sheet material, fiber, long filament, bag by the moulded products that the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters is made, melt and spray container, molded parts such as tableware, coating, suprabasil polymer melt being extruded coating, suprabasil polymers soln coating, layered product and this type of moulded products.The aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters can be used for preparing can be by any moulded products of polymer.Therefore by adopting any known method, the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters can be formed this type of moulded products, prepare desired moulded products, described method comprises thermoplastic method such as compression moulding, thermoforming, extrudes, coextrusion, injection moulding, blowing, melt spinning, film casting, film blowing, lamination, using gas or chemical foam blowing agent or their any suitable combination.
Usually the expectation moulded products is a compost, and those in especially finding to can be used for packing comprise film, bag, container, cup and pallet or the like.The current standard to describe of compost packing and wrapping material is in ASTM D6400-04 and EN 13432:2000.Stricter standard EN 13432 more is applicable to identifies novel compost wrapping material.For meeting the compost standard, under industrial composting arrangement condition, packing must disintegration in 3 months, and the degree biological degradation with 90% becomes carbonic acid gas in 6 months, and can not cause any adverse influence to composting process or to the growth of the plant of adopting the gained compost because of toxicity.In this sense, when the moulded products as wrapping material such as film of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters disclosed herein show be compost the time, they can be known as biodegradable.In typical embodiments of the present invention, moulded products comprises the film of compost, and the thickness of described film is 20 microns at the most, more typical 70 microns at the most, and at the most 120 microns in some embodiments, and in other embodiments greater than 120 microns.
Aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters and be particularly useful for extruding and blowing the film of compost by the blend that it forms with high-tear strength.Usually according to the Elmendorf method described in ASTM D1922-09, measure the tear strength of film.In the typically used (as sack) of film, tear strength is necessary for 1000g/mm at least, but when allowing them to use with thinner thickness, and bigger value is as being suitable greater than those of 5000g/mm.When specify using other desired characteristic and balance each other, greater than 8000g/mm, 12000g/mm or even the value of 16000g/mm additional beneficial effect can be provided.Aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of the present invention provides film, and described film can obtain the tear strength of this degree, and shows that when comparing to the prior art copolyesters with similar terephthaldehyde's acid content tear strength strengthens.When straight diol is 1, during the 4-butyleneglycol, described enhancing is significantly, and when straight diol be 1, during ammediol, described enhancing is especially tangible.Therefore, can estimate reasonably that when using other straight diol, the enhancing of tear strength is tangible.By making aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters and other material blend, especially with polymeric material such as starch blending, might further strengthen tear strength, reach greater than 10000g/mm, 15000g/mm or even the value of 20000g/mm.
The aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, they blend and can be included in any known additives that is used as processing aid in the polyester or is used to provide final service performance by its moulded products that forms.Described additive is preferably nontoxic, and is biodegradable, and originates derived from recyclable organism.Examples of such additives comprises expanding material, antioxidant, heat and ultra-violet stabilizer, fire retardant, the softening agent of polymer blend component, incremental dose, slip(ping)agent, rheology modifier, lubricant, toughner, pigment, antiblocking agent, inorganic and organic filler (as silicon-dioxide, clay, talcum, chalk, titanium dioxide, carbon black, wood chip, Keratin sulfate, chitin), refining eider down and reinforcing fiber such as glass fibre and natural fiber (as paper, jute and hemp).
Testing method
Adopt Y-900 type Viscotek to force kinetic viscosity meter (FFV) to measure the limiting viscosity (IV) of copolyesters.Under 19 ℃, sample is dissolved in the trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane (TFA/CH of 50/50 weight % with the concentration of 0.4% (wt/vol) 2Cl 2) in.The value that records of the limiting viscosity of method report and use Goodyear method R-103b " Determination of Intrinsic Viscosity in 50/50[by weight] Trifluoroacetic Acid/Dichloromethane " is identical thus.This method can be applied to be dissolved in fully 50/50 weight %TFA/CH 2Cl 2Any polyester in the solvent mixture (being PET, 3GT, PBT, PEN).Usually use the sample size that contains the 0.1000g polyester to prepare the 25mL polymers soln.The dissolving fully of polymkeric substance generally occurred in 8 hours under the room temperature.Dissolution time depends on molecular weight, degree of crystallinity, chemical structure and the form (being fiber, film, powder and pellet) of polyester.
The composition of polymkeric substance is recorded by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectrum NMR.At room temperature several pellets of every kind of sample or thin slice are dissolved among trifluoroacetic acid-dl and (also sample can be heated to 50 ℃ with accelerate dissolution, and can not see the change of any structure).Solution is transferred in the 5mm NMR pipe, and on Varian S 400MHz spectrograph, obtained spectrogram down at 30 ℃.The mole % that is calculated sample by the integrating meter of spectrogram particular area forms.
Under nitrogen atmosphere, (New Castle carries out dsc DSC on DE) at 2920 model TA Instruments.Sample is heated to 270 ℃ with the speed of 20 ℃/min from 20 ℃, keep 5min down at 270 ℃, quenching in liquid N2, speed with 10 ℃/min (Tg) is heated to 270 ℃ from-100 ℃, keep 3min down at 270 ℃, speed with 10 ℃/min (Tc) is cooled to-100 ℃, keeps 2 minutes down at-100 ℃, and is heated to 270 ℃ with the speed of 10C/min (Tc and Tm) from-100 °.
The press mold that is prepared as follows polymkeric substance is to measure.Every kind of polymer samples of about 1.7 grams are placed on and are coated with Teflon And between 3 to 5 mil pads aluminium foil at interval.Be placed on this matrix material between the metal sheet and be inserted into design temperature than in the high about 50 ℃ press of polymer melting temperature.Apply the pressure of about 3000psi and 15000psi in succession to matrix material, and under each pressure, kept about 3 minutes.Then matrix material is taken out from press and metal sheet, and make it be cooled to room temperature.Separate the free film that matrix material makes thick about 5 mils.Measure the Elmendorf tear strength of press membrane according to ASTM D1922-09.The report value of every kind of sample is the mean value of at least five replicate(determination)s in the table 2.
The following press membrane of also using is by decomposing the screening of biodegrade potentiality in enzyme solution.Film accurately is die-cut into 3 inches slats of taking advantage of 1 inch, at the thickness of 3 described slats of position finding, so that can determine surface-area accurately.Via a series of rinsings in the deionized water and 3 minutes gentle ultrasonic degradations, clean described slat then, and be placed in the clean dry bottle.With they in the vacuum oven of slow discharging nitrogen of about 65 ℃ and about 150 holders dry 24 hours, when shifting out, weigh immediately then.Then they are put back in the clean dry bottle, and at room temperature, UV-light (15 watts 320nm) expose 30 minutes with sterilization down.Top cover with bottle is exposed under the UV-light in an identical manner.For each condition, prepare 5 as mentioned above and duplicate slat.
By making 9.4mL 1M dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution (EM Science, catalog number (Cat.No.) PX1570-1) and 0.6mL 1M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (EM Science, catalog number (Cat.No.) PX1565-1) with molecular level water (distillation, deionization, Cellgro catalog number (Cat.No.) 6-000-cm) mixes one liter of solution of formation, make the potassium phosphate solution of buffered 10mM under pH=8.0.With derive from thermophilic hyphomycete lipase (0.49mL), derive from meter lipase of black root Mucor (0.22mL), derive from the lipase (0.75mg) of thickness look bacillus, the lipase (99mg) that derives from meter lipase of black wool mould (0.50mg) and derive from Rhodopseudomonas joins in the buffered soln to form the enzyme solution of 500mL.Enzyme solution is sterilized by 0.45 micron filter.About 15mL enzyme solution is joined in each preparation sample flasket, subsequently with the bottle capping and be placed on the speed of establishing to 37 ℃ the incubator and establish to the swing-around trajectory formula shaking platform of 300rpm.After 1 week, the incubator temperature is risen to 50 ℃.After 2 weeks, the polymkeric substance slat is taken out from bottle again, via a series of rinsings of deionized water and 3 minutes gentle ultrasonic degradations, clean described slat, and be placed in the new clean dried bottle.With they in the vacuum oven of slow discharging nitrogen of about 65 ℃ and about 150 holders dry 24 hours, when shifting out, weigh immediately then.The weight in average loss of five replicate(determination)s of each example is reported in the table 2.
Following enforcement compostability screening.It is that 27 speed is established to 1.5 inches Davis single screw extrusion machines of 30rpm that polymkeric substance is joined L/D.Comprise talcum blend in 50/50 poly-(ethylene-methyl acrylate) with ratio as anti-hard caking agent with respect to polymkeric substance 1.5%.Heating region is established to the ingress about 140 ℃, and the cylindrical shell rest part is established to about 155 ℃.The melt temperature in exit is about 170 ℃.By 14 inches die heads film is expressed into and establishes to about 12 ℃ cooling roller with 10 mil gap.These films are offered Organic Waste Systems, and (Gent, Belgium) to carry out the composting test of pilot scale, actual complete composting process is as far as possible similarly simulated in described test.Specifically, film sample is cut into pieces and is fixed in the slide glass sheet frame, make two surfaces all can expose.These are mixed with pretreated municipal solid refuse organic moiety recently, and join in the heat insulation compost container (200L) the spontaneous beginning of compost thereafter.Identical with the compost of complete scale, spontaneous generation inoculation and intensification.The nature compost is regulated by air-flow and water content.Periodic monitoring temperature and waste gas are formed.Composting process continues to carry out, until obtaining completely stable compost (3 months).For test is regarded as effectively, must satisfy minimum temperature condition.Therefore, compost container being put into preset temperature is in 45 ℃ the culturing room.Each turning interval (being each week during preceding 6 weeks, is per 2 weeks afterwards), careful visual inspection slide glass, and with representative example taking-up and storage.Thus, this method for sieving provides indication to designated samples by EN 13432 disintegrations possibility partly.
Be prepared as follows the extrusion film that is used for Elongation test.Before the running, at first that polymer samples is following dry 16 hours at 70-100 ℃ in forcing machine.Pellet is loaded in the twin screw extruder, described forcing machine be DSM Micro 15 twin screw mixing machines (200-245V, 50-56Hz, 2500W, 11.5A, DSM Research, Netherlands).With exsiccant nitrogen purging loaded tubes so that minimum degradation.The melt region temperature is made as higher 30 ℃ than melting point polymer.With the speed of 200rpm with mixed with polymers 3-4 minute.With concrete sample forcing machine is cleaned 4 times, to remove the preceding sample of any trace.The sample that keeps the 5th loading is for analysis.Molten polymer is delivered to the 0.4mm sheeting die.Make film be delivered to cooling roller then and cast, be wrapped on the wind up roll then.Air knife is placed between die head and the cooling roller to help the film cooling.The thick 8-12 mil of film (0.20-0.30mm), wide about 3cm, and grow to and lack 3 feet (0.91m).Sample is made by these films, and measures tensile properties according to ASTM D882.
1, ammediol derives from DuPont/Tate ﹠amp; Lyle (Loudon, TN, USA).Except as otherwise noted, all other pharmaceutical chemicalss, reagent and material all derive from Aldrich Chemical Company (Milwaukee, WI, USA).
Embodiment
By following universal method, with the copolyesters among laboratory scale synthetic embodiment 1-25, comparing embodiment (CE) 1-13 and the comparing embodiment 16-19, listed time and temperature only have subtle change.In 250mL or 1L glass flask, add listed a large amount of monomers in the following table 1.Stirred reaction mixture is implemented to be evacuated to for 3 times 100 holders simultaneously and is back to normal atmosphere then under nitrogen, with vessel empty.When applying continuously stirring and nitrogen atmosphere, the reaction vessel immersion is established to 160 ℃ liquid metal bath.When dimethyl esters comes across in the reaction mixture, temperature is risen to about 210 ℃ in during about 45 minutes.Reaction mixture is remained under this temperature and the nitrogen atmosphere, continue stir about 30 minutes simultaneously, this moment, the generation of distillate was significantly slowed down.In 30 minutes reaction mixture is heated to 250 ℃ then, and kept about 1.5 hours under this temperature, the generation of distillate almost stopped when 1.5 hours finished.When not having dimethyl esters in the reaction mixture, temperature is directly risen to 250 ℃ in during about 45 minutes, and under this temperature, kept about 2 hours, the generation of distillate almost stops when finishing in 2 hours.In then during 30 minutes the reaction vessel staged is reached vacuum (common＜100 millitorrs), continue down to stir at 250 ℃ simultaneously.Container was kept 3 hours or more of a specified duration under these conditions again, collect extra distillate simultaneously.Eliminate vacuum with nitrogen then, and make reaction mixture be back to room temperature.
By the copolyesters among the synthetic comparing embodiment 14-15 of following universal method, listed time and temperature only have subtle change.In 100 gal reactor, add listed a large amount of monomers in the following table 1.With nitrogen reactor is purged 3 times, reaches 50psig pressure, then in low flow nitrogen scavenging continuously next time to normal atmosphere.Reaction mixture is stirred, temperature is risen to about 180 ℃ in simultaneously during about 75 minutes.Near this temperature, begin to collect distillate, and in during other about 3 hours temperature is risen to about 230 ℃.Afterwards, the distillate output almost stops, and under about 230 ℃ reaction mixture is transferred in 60 gal reactor then.After shift finishing, batch of material is stirred, pressure is reduced to about 0.3 holder in during about 1 hour simultaneously, and temperature rises to about 255 ℃ in during about 2 hours.Container was kept about 4.5 hours under these conditions again, collect extra distillate simultaneously.Eliminate vacuum with nitrogen then, and apply malleation so that polymkeric substance leaves reaction container bottom.Polymkeric substance is cast band, be cut into thin slice subsequently.
Table 1 comprises the synthetic details of every kind of sample, comprises each specifically synthetic middle acid, methyl esters or acid anhydrides of using.Under lab analysis, measure each embodiment and have characteristic listed in the following table 2.
Abbreviation used in the following table is as follows: 3G (1, ammediol), 4G (1, the 4-butyleneglycol), TPA (terephthalic acid), DMT (dimethyl terephthalate (DMT)), DMSuc (Succinic acid dimethylester), Adi (hexanodioic acid), DMAdi (dimethyl adipate), Seb (sebacic acid), DMSeb (dimethyl sebacate), PAnh (Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride), IPA (m-phthalic acid), Glu (pentanedioic acid), 2,6-NDC (2, the 6-naphthalene diformic acid dimethyl ester), 4,4 '-OBBA (4,4 '-the phenyl ether dioctyl phthalate), 4,4 '-BPDCA (biphenyl-4,4 '-dioctyl phthalate), 1,8-NAnh (1,8-naphthalene acid anhydride), TPT (Tyzor
Figure BPA00001389086100191
TPT), DAG (two aklylene glycols), Elm Tear (Elmendorf tear strength), PTMEG (poly-(tetramethylene ether) glycol), NaOAc-3H20 (sodium acetate trihydrate) and NaO2CH (sodium formiate).
Comparing embodiment 1-7
By 1, ammediol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) or terephthalic acid and sebacic acid synthesize a series of copolyesters.Terephthalic acid content in these aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters only has limited influence to tear strength.When under the 500%/min strain rate, measuring, record modulus, the tensile strength of 35MPa and 770% elongation limit that comparing embodiment 3 has 77MPa according to ASTM D882.
Comparing embodiment 8-9
By 1, ammediol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), sebacic acid and hexanodioic acid or pentanedioic acid synthetic copolyester.With respect to comparing embodiment 1-7 with similar terephthaldehyde's acid content, in these aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, add second kind of linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid, almost there is not influence for tear strength.
Comparing embodiment 10-11
By 1, poly-(tetramethylene ether) glycol synthetic copolyester of ammediol, terephthalic acid, sebacic acid and two kinds of different molecular weights.With respect to comparing embodiment 1-7 with similar terephthaldehyde's acid content, in these aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, add poly-(alkylene ether) glycol, almost there is not influence for tear strength.When under the 500%/min strain rate, measuring, record modulus, the tensile strength of 13MPa and 885% elongation limit that comparing embodiment 10 has 49MPa according to ASTM D882.In these aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, add poly-(alkylene ether) glycol, have adverse influence for tensile properties, and almost do not have influence for tear strength.
Embodiment 1-10
By 1, ammediol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) or terephthalic acid, sebacic acid and Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride synthetic copolyester.With respect to comparing embodiment 1-7 with similar terephthaldehyde's acid content, in these aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, add Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride, significantly improved tear strength.When under the 500%/min strain rate, measuring, record modulus, the tensile strength of 32MPa and 655% elongation limit that embodiment 3 has 117MPa according to ASTM D882.Similarly, find that embodiment 9 has the modulus of 65MPa, the tensile strength of 31MPa and 779% elongation limit.In these aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, add Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride, have limited influence, and significantly improved tear strength for tensile properties.
Embodiment 11-16
By 1, ammediol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) or terephthalic acid, sebacic acid and m-phthalic acid synthetic copolyester.With respect to comparing embodiment 1-7 with similar terephthaldehyde's acid content, in these aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, add m-phthalic acid, significantly improved tear strength.When under the 500%/min strain rate, measuring, record modulus, the tensile strength of 30MPa and 737% elongation limit that embodiment 15 has 103MPa according to ASTM D882.In these aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, add m-phthalic acid, have limited influence, and significantly improved tear strength for tensile properties.
Embodiment 17-20
By 1, ammediol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), sebacic acid and following each synthetic copolyester: 1,8-naphthalene acid anhydride, 2,6-naphthalene diformic acid dimethyl ester, 4,4 '-phenyl ether dioctyl phthalate or biphenyl-4,4 '-dioctyl phthalate.In each case, with respect to the comparing embodiment 1-7 with similar terephthaldehyde's acid content, tear strength significantly improves.
Comparing embodiment 12-13
By 1,4-butyleneglycol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and dimethyl sebacate or dimethyl adipate synthetic copolyester.Based on 1, these aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of 4-butyleneglycol than among the comparing embodiment 1-9 with similar terephthaldehyde's acid content based on 1, the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of ammediol has higher tear strength.
Embodiment 21-22
By 1,4-butyleneglycol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride and dimethyl sebacate or dimethyl adipate synthetic copolyester.With respect to comparing embodiment 12-13 with similar terephthaldehyde's acid content, in these aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, add Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride, significantly improved tear strength.
Comparing embodiment 14﹠amp; 15
By 1, ammediol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and sebacic acid synthetic copolyester.They are cast into the film of 120 micron thickness.When the compost of experience pilot scale is tested, their disintegrations before 12 weeks.The weight loss of comparing embodiment 14 was 2.0% during enzyme decomposed, and showed that the complete disintegration that enzyme decomposes during the pilot scale compost is tested before this weight loss degree and 12 weeks in the test is relevant.The weight loss of comparing embodiment 15 was 2.3% during enzyme decomposed, and showed that the complete disintegration that enzyme decomposes during the pilot scale compost is tested before this weight loss degree and 12 weeks in the test is relevant.
Comparing embodiment 16
By 1, ammediol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and sebacic acid synthetic copolyester form the roughly the same polymkeric substance of monomer content and comparing embodiment 14.The di-carboxylic acid component of 60 moles of % is derived from aromatic monomer.Weight loss during enzyme decomposes is 3.1%, shows that the complete disintegration that enzyme decomposes during the pilot scale compost is tested before this weight loss degree and 12 weeks in the test is relevant.
Comparing embodiment 17
Copolyesters in the comparing embodiment 2 has the monomer content roughly the same with comparing embodiment 15.The di-carboxylic acid component of 54 moles of % is derived from aromatic monomer.Weight loss during enzyme decomposes is 1.8%, shows that the complete disintegration that enzyme decomposes during the pilot scale compost is tested before this weight loss degree and 12 weeks in the test is relevant.
Comparing embodiment 18
By 1, ammediol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and sebacic acid synthetic copolyester.The di-carboxylic acid component of 64 moles of % is derived from aromatic monomer.Weight loss during enzyme decomposes is 2.3%, shows in general, and the di-carboxylic acid component of 64 moles of % may disintegration in the test of pilot scale compost derived from the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of aromatic monomer in them.
Embodiment 23
By 1, ammediol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), sebacic acid and Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride synthetic copolyester.The di-carboxylic acid component of 64 moles of % is derived from aromatic monomer.Weight loss during enzyme decomposes is 4.8%, shows that aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of the present invention estimates to show the enhanced slaking in the test of pilot scale compost, even in them under the situation of di-carboxylic acid component derived from aromatic monomer of 64 moles of %.With respect to comparing embodiment 18, this embodiment comprises the Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride of suitable deal, and it causes faster degraded in enzyme solution, and can reasonably estimate, it will cause biological degradability and compostability to strengthen.
Embodiment 24
By 1, ammediol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), sebacic acid and Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride synthetic copolyester.The di-carboxylic acid component of 64 moles of % is derived from aromatic monomer.Weight loss during enzyme decomposes is 2.5%, and showing that aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of the present invention is estimated in the test of pilot scale compost can disintegration, even in them under the situation of di-carboxylic acid component derived from aromatic monomer of 64 moles of %.
Comparing embodiment 19
By 1, ammediol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and sebacic acid synthetic copolyester.The di-carboxylic acid component of 72 moles of % is derived from aromatic monomer.Weight loss during enzyme decomposes is 1.8%, even show the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of the di-carboxylic acid component of 72 moles of % in them derived from aromatic monomer, and also can disintegration in the test of pilot scale compost.
Embodiment 25
By 1, ammediol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), sebacic acid and Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride synthetic copolyester.The di-carboxylic acid component of 72 moles of % is derived from aromatic monomer.Weight loss during enzyme decomposes is 5.4%, shows that aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of the present invention estimates to show the enhanced slaking in the test of pilot scale compost, even in them under the situation of di-carboxylic acid component derived from aromatic monomer of 72 moles of %.With respect to comparing embodiment 19, this embodiment comprises the Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride of suitable deal, and it causes faster degraded in enzyme solution, and can reasonably estimate, it will cause biological degradability and compostability to strengthen.
Embodiment 26-29 is proposed, so that the potential use of these polymkeric substance in blend to be shown.
Embodiment 26
In the twin screw extruder of temperature profile in 60 ℃ to 185 ℃ scopes, add aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters (61.6 weight %), W-Gum (28.4 weight %), glycerine (5.7 weight %) and water (4.3 weight %) among following mixture: the embodiment 3.With the extruded material granulation, be pressed into film subsequently.Described film is uniformly, and has the favorable mechanical characteristic.
Embodiment 27
In the twin screw extruder of temperature profile in 60 ℃ to 200 ℃ scopes, add aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters (70 weight %) and poly-(lactic acid) (30 weight %) among following mixture: the embodiment 3.With the extruded material granulation, be pressed into film subsequently.Described film is uniformly, and has the favorable mechanical characteristic.
Embodiment 28
In the twin screw extruder of temperature profile in 60 ℃ to 185 ℃ scopes, add aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters (61.6 weight %), W-Gum (28.4 weight %), glycerine (5.7 weight %) and water (4.3 weight %) among following mixture: the embodiment 21.With the extruded material granulation, be pressed into film subsequently.Described film is uniformly, and has the favorable mechanical characteristic.
Embodiment 29
In the twin screw extruder of temperature profile in 60 ℃ to 200 ℃ scopes, add aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters (70 weight %) and poly-(lactic acid) (30 weight %) among following mixture: the embodiment 21.With the extruded material granulation, be pressed into film subsequently.Described film is uniformly, and has the favorable mechanical characteristic.
Embodiment 30-35 is proposed, so that the potential use of these polymkeric substance in moulded products to be shown.
Embodiment 30
Under 165 ℃, the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters among the embodiment 3 is expressed in the annular die head, and is blow molded into film.Described film is uniformly, and has the favorable mechanical characteristic.
Embodiment 31
Under 165 ℃, the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters among the embodiment 21 is expressed in the annular die head, and is blow molded into film.Described film is uniformly, and has the favorable mechanical characteristic.
Embodiment 32
Under 165 ℃, the blend among the embodiment 26 is expressed in the annular die head, and is blow molded into film.Described film is uniformly, and has the favorable mechanical characteristic.
Embodiment 33
Under 200 ℃, the blend among the embodiment 27 is expressed in the annular die head, and is blow molded into film.Described film is uniformly, and has the favorable mechanical characteristic.
Embodiment 34
Under 165 ℃, the blend among the embodiment 28 is expressed in the annular die head, and is blow molded into film.Described film is uniformly, and has the favorable mechanical characteristic.
Embodiment 35
Under 200 ℃, the blend among the embodiment 29 is expressed in the annular die head, and is blow molded into film.Described film is uniformly, and has the favorable mechanical characteristic.
Table 1
Figure BPA00001389086100251
Table 2
Figure BPA00001389086100252
Figure BPA00001389086100261

Claims (19)

1. aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, described copolyesters is made up of following basically:
I. di-carboxylic acid component, described di-carboxylic acid component is made up of following basically based on total acid constituents of 100 moles of %:
A. first aromatic dicarboxylate's component of forming by terephthalic acid component basically of about 40 to 80 moles of %; With
B. the linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid component of about 60 to 10 moles of %; With
C. second aromatic dicarboxylate's component of about 2 to 30 moles of %; With
II. diol component, described diol component is made up of following basically based on the total diol components of 100 moles of %:
A. the straight diol component of about 100 to 96 moles of %; With
B. the two aklylene glycol components of about 0 to 4 mole of %.
2. the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of claim 1, wherein said copolyesters is hemicrystalline.
3. the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of claim 1 wherein defines according to EN 13432, and described copolyesters is biodegradable.
4. the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of claim 1, wherein said straight diol component is selected from 1,1, ammediol and 1,4-butyleneglycol.
5. the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of claim 1, wherein said linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid component is selected from nonane diacid, sebacic acid and brassylic acid.
6. the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of claim 1, wherein said second aromatic dicarboxylate's component is selected from Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride, phthalic acid and m-phthalic acid.
7. the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of claim 1, wherein said di-carboxylic acid component is made up of following basically based on total acid constituents of 100 moles of %:
A. first aromatic dicarboxylate's component of forming by terephthalic acid component basically of about 46 to 69 moles of %; With
B. the linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid component of about 49 to 26 moles of %; With
C. second aromatic dicarboxylate's component of about 4 to 19 moles of %.
8. the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of claim 1, wherein said di-carboxylic acid component is made up of following basically based on total acid constituents of 100 moles of %:
A. first aromatic dicarboxylate's component of forming by terephthalic acid component basically of about 51 to 59 moles of %; With
B. the linear aliphatic di-carboxylic acid component of about 44 to 34 moles of %; With
C. second aromatic dicarboxylate's component of about 6 to 14 moles of %.
9. the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of claim 1, wherein said total aromatic content based on total acid constituents of 100 moles of % greater than 61 moles of %.
10. the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of claim 1, wherein said polymkeric substance does not comprise sulphur atom or phosphorus atom.
11. blend, described blend comprise aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters and at least a other polymeric material of claim 1.
12. the blend of claim 11, wherein said other polymeric material are selected from natural polymer, starch and poly-(lactic acid).
13. comprise the moulded products of the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of claim 1.
14. comprise the moulded products of the blend of claim 11.
15. comprise the film of the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters of claim 1.
16. comprise the film of the blend of claim 11.
17. the film of claim 15, described film has tear strength greater than about 5000g/mm according to ASTM D1922.
18. the film of claim 15, described film has tear strength greater than about 8000g/mm according to ASTM D1922.
19. the film of claim 15, described film has tear strength greater than about 16000g/mm according to ASTM D1922.
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