CN102237789A - Control method and controller - Google Patents
Control method and controller Download PDFInfo
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- CN102237789A CN102237789A CN2010101701890A CN201010170189A CN102237789A CN 102237789 A CN102237789 A CN 102237789A CN 2010101701890 A CN2010101701890 A CN 2010101701890A CN 201010170189 A CN201010170189 A CN 201010170189A CN 102237789 A CN102237789 A CN 102237789A
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Abstract
The invention provides a control method for output energy of a power supply device and a relevant controller. The power supply device comprises a switch and an induction component. The method comprises the following steps of: switching on the switch to increase the stored energy of the induction component; detecting induction current which passes through the induction component, to generate a current detection signal; approximately limiting a peak value of the induction current by using a provided limiting signal; and updating the limiting signal according to the peak value and induction average current corresponding to the current detection signal to make the peak value and the induction average current get close to a preset relation along with a switching period, wherein the preset relation ensures that the output energy output by the power supply device in one switching period is approximately a fixed value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of switch type power supplying device (Switched-mode power supply; SMPS); more particularly; relate to and a kind ofly can provide overcurrent (over current protection; OCP or overload protection (over load protection, switch type power supplying device OVP).
Background technology
Power supply unit is as a kind of electric power controller, is used for conversion electric power, to provide power supply to electronic installation or assembly.Sometimes electric power controller can be implemented with the switch type power supplying device, because its energy conversion efficiency is pretty good, and that needed Inductive component can be relative is less, applicable to the electronic installation or the assemblies in most present age.The switch type power supplying device needs many protection mechanisms, and prevention is own or extraneous, under incorrect or unsuitable situation, and the damage that is suffered.Some existing protections have overvoltage protection (over voltage protection, OVP), over-temperature protection (overtemperature protection, OTP), OCP, OLP etc.Wherein, overcurrent protection means that generally maximum output current is restricted; Overload protection means that generally peak power output is restricted.
Fig. 1 has shown a kind of booster circuit (booster) with overcurrent/load protection.Booster circuit (booster) 10 only is intended for an example of overcurrent/load protection, and overcurrent/load protection also can be adapted to the SMPS of other framework.
Switch 14 control flows in the booster circuit (booster) 10 are through the electric current of inductance 12.When gate-control signal GATE made switch 14 conductings, inductance 12 increased wherein energy stored.When gate-control signal GATE closed switch 14, the storage power in the inductance 12 discharged to load then by diode 16, to load capacitance 20 chargings.Detecting 22 of resistance is when switch 14 conductings, detects the inductive current of the inductance 12 of flowing through.Detection signal V on end points CS
CS-Magnitude of voltage, can reflect the size of inductive current, 18 of controllers produce gate-control signal GATE according to this.
Fig. 2 has then shown existing a kind of controller 18a, goes for Fig. 1.When controller 18a makes switch 14 conductings among Fig. 1, detection signal V
CS-Magnitude of voltage can increase along with the opening time.Comparator 36 makes detection signal V
CSPeak value, approximately be not more than and limit signal V
CS-LIMITIn case, detection signal V
CS-Exceeded qualification signal V
CS-LIMITThe time, comparator 36 will make gate controller 34 off switch 14.Reach overcurrent/load protection by this.But, since the reason of signal propagation delay (signalpropagation delay), detection signal V
CSPeak value can be a littlely greater than limiting signal V
CS-LIMIT, and this difference can be along with input power supply V-
INVoltage increase and increase.If limit signal V
CS-LIMITBe definite value, overcurrent/load protection that just means Fig. 2 and is provided, it limited High Output Current or maximum power output will be along with input power supply V-
INVoltage and change.Such OCP/OLP that the result realized often is difficult to the compliance with system specification.
And, even if detection signal V
CSPeak value be locked in certain value accurately, the defined High Output Current/power of OCP/OLP, also tend to along with inductance 12 is to operate in continuous conduction mode (continuous conduction mode, CCM) or DCM (discontinuousconduction mode, DCM) and different.
Therefore, the circuit of overcurrent/load protection needs special design, and the High Output Current/power when make triggering is approximately certain value, does not change along with operator scheme or input supply voltage.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of control method, is applicable to a power supply unit, and it includes a switch and an Inductive component.When this switch was unlocked, this Inductive component energy storage increased.By the flow through inductive current of this Inductive component of detection, to produce a current detection signal.A peak value of this current detection signal relatively and one limits signal, to produce an adjusted value.Relatively this current detection signal and this limit signal, when this current detection signal, this qualification signal and this adjusted value are approximately a particular kind of relationship, close this switch, so that next peak value of this current detection signal, approximate this qualification signal greatly, roughly the erasure signal delayed impact.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of output control of energy method of a power supply unit.This power supply unit includes a switch and an Inductive component.When this switch was unlocked, this Inductive component energy storage increased.The flow through inductive current of this Inductive component of detection is to produce a current detection signal.Provide one to limit signal, in order to roughly to limit a peak value of this inductive current.According to this peak value and the pairing inductance average current of this current detection signal, upgrade this qualification signal, so that this peak value and this inductance average current be along with switch periods, and near a preset relation.This preset relation is exported this power supply unit in a switch periods this output energy is approximately certain value.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of controller, is applicable to a power supply unit, and it includes a switch and an Inductive component.This controller includes a peak value delimiter and an adjuster.This peak value delimiter receives one and limits a signal and a current detection signal, in order to roughly to limit a peak value of the inductive current of this Inductive component of flowing through.This current detection signal is to should inductive current.This adjuster is in order to upgrade this qualification signal, so that the pairing inductance average current of this peak value and this current detection signal along with the carrying out of switch periods, approaches a preset relation each other.The power that this preset relation makes this Inductive component transmit in a switch periods is approximately certain value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has shown a kind of booster circuit with overcurrent/load protection.
Fig. 2 has then shown existing a kind of controller.
Solid line has shown V among Fig. 3
CS-PEAKWith V
CS-AVGRelation.
Fig. 4 has then shown according to a kind of controller of the invention process.
Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B have shown two kinds of signal delay compensators.
Fig. 6 has shown average current comparator, renovator and clamping device.
Fig. 7 shows qualification signal V
CS-LIMITWith expection inductance average current signal V
CS-AVG-EXPRelation, with and the result that simplifies.
Fig. 8 shows a transducer.
Fig. 9 has then shown according to another kind of controller of the invention process.
Figure 10 is a peak detector for example.
Figure 11 shows the V after the simplification
CS-PEAKWith V
CS-AVGRelation.
Figure 12 is a transducer of the relation of realization Figure 11.
The reference numeral explanation
10 booster circuits
12 inductance
14 switches
16 diodes
18,18a, 18b, 18c controller
20 load capacitances
22 detect resistance
34 gate controllers
32 other signal processors
36 comparators
51,51a, 51b signal delay compensator
52,52a average current comparator
54,54a renovator
56,56a, 57,57a transducer
59,59a clamping device
61,61a peak detector
362,364 current sources
366 electric capacity
502,504 comparators
506,507 current mirrors
508 electric capacity
The CS end points
The GATE gate-control signal
I
ConDecide electric current
I
R, I
LCurrent source
The L straight line
V--
BiasCapacitance voltage
V
BIAS1Pressure drop
V
CS-Detection signal
V
CS-AVG-EXPExpection inductance average current signal
V
CS-AVG-REALAverage current
V
CS-HIGHERThe high current detection signal
V
CS-LIMITLimit signal
V
CS-LIMIT-BOTTOMLower limit
V
CS-LIMIT-LOWERThe low signal that limits
V
CS-LIMIT-TOPThe upper limit
V
CS-PEAKPeak value
V-
INThe input power supply
V
MOutput voltage
R
B, R
BIAS1, R
1, R
2Resistance
Embodiment
In this specification, identical symbol is in order to censure identical or similar device/assembly, and those skilled in the art can implement with identical or similar methods/framework according to this according to announcement of the present invention/instruction, therefore no longer repeats.
One embodiment of the invention provide a SMPS, and the High Output Current/power when OCP/OLP triggers is not haply along with input voltage and operator scheme variation.
See also the booster circuit (booster) 10 among Fig. 1.Inductance 12 is delivered to the power output P of load capacitance 20, can represent with following formula (1):
P＝1/2*L*(I
CS-PEAK 2-I
CS-INI 2)*f
SW ----(1)
Wherein, L is the inductance value of inductance 12; I
CS-PEAKBeing the peak value of the inductive current of the inductance 12 of flowing through, also is the current peak of switch 14 of flowing through; I
CS-INIWhen opening for each switch 14 1, the initial value of the inductive current of the inductance 12 of flowing through also is the electric current initial value of switch 14 of flowing through; And, f
SWSwitching frequency for switch 14.When DCM operates, I
CS-INICan be 0; When DCM operates, I
CS-INICan be greater than 0.
When OLP is triggered, because maximum power output P
OLPNeed be certain value, the right-hand part of representation formula (1) need be a definite value.When OCP is triggered, suppose out-put supply V
OUTStill maintain to deciding voltage, and High Output Current C
OCPNeed be certain value, so still to need be a definite value to the right-hand part of formula (1).
Suppose the switching frequency f of booster circuit (booster) 10
SWConstant, then when OLP/OCP was triggered, formula (1) can be derived following formula (2).
I
CS-PEAK 2-I
CS-INI 2＝4*I
CS-AVG*(I
CS-PEAK-I
CS-AVG)＝K
1 ---(2)
Wherein, I
CS-AVGBe 1/2* (I
CS-PEAK+ I
CS-INI), also can be considered as when switch 14 conductings the inductance average current value of the switch 14 of flowing through; And, K
1It is a constant.
Formula (2) can be put out following formula (3) in order.
V
CS-PEAK＝V
CS-AVG+K/V
CS-AVG ---(3)
Wherein, K is a constant; V
CS-PEAKAnd V
CS-AVGBe respectively detection signal V
CSCorresponding to inductive current is I
CS-PEAKAnd I
CS-AVGThe time magnitude of voltage.In other words, when OCP/OLP takes place, as long as V
CS-PEAKAnd V
CS-AVGThe condition that has met formula (3), the defined maximum current/power of that OCP/OLP, just big appointment is a definite value.
Solid line among Fig. 3 has shown in the formula (3), V
CS-PEAKWith V
CS-AVGRelation; Article two, dotted line is respectively to show V
CS-PEAK=V
CS-AVGAnd V
CS-PEAK=K/V
CS-AVGFor instance, if booster circuit (booster) 10 designs when DCM operates V
CS-PEAKFor 0.9V just should trigger OCP/OLP, that just means V
CS-AVGBe 0.45V, and K should be exactly 0.45*0.45V
2The curve of Fig. 3, when just triggering OCP/OLP, V
CS-PEAKWith V
CS-AVGDue relation just can clearly define out.
Therefore, as long as know the V of switch periods instantly
CS-PEAKAnd V
CS-AVG, and calculate in the substitution formula (3), just can know the current/power of present output, be greatly or little, and then upgrade qualification signal V than the defined maximum current/power of OCP/OLP
CS-LIMITThrough after several switch periods, the current/power of being exported in each switch periods is a definite value with regard to big appointment, is exactly the defined maximum current/power of OCP/OLP like this.
Fig. 4 has then shown according to a kind of controller 18b of the invention process, goes for the booster circuit 10 among Fig. 1, also can be adapted to other kind SMPS.Gate controller 34 is accepted the signal of other signal processor 32 and signal delay compensator 51, with driving switch 14.Signal delay compensator 51 can be roughly the influence that postpones of compensating signal, make detection signal V
CSPeak value V
CS-PEAKAlmost completely equal to limit signal V
CS-LIMITTherefore, limit signal V
CS-LIMITJust can be considered as instantly detection signal V in the switch periods
CSPeak value V
CS-PEAKTransducer 56 is roughly according to a V
CS-PEAKWith V
CS-AVGRelation (can from Fig. 3 solid line simplify), and with qualification signal V
CS-LIMITAs input, export expection inductance average current signal V then
CS-AVG-EXPAverage current comparator 52 is detection signal V relatively
CSPairing average current V
CS-AVG-REAL(when switch 14 is opened) is with expection inductance average current signal V
CS-AVG-EXPSize.The output of average current comparator 52 can impel renovator 54 to upgrade qualification signal V
CS-LIMITClamping device (clamp) 59 limits signal V in order to restriction
CS-LIMITPeak and minimum.
Can find that from Fig. 4 transducer 56, average current comparator 52 and renovator 54 have roughly constituted a closed circulation (close loop).The carrying out of this circulation, live through several switch periods after, V
CS-PEAKWith V
CS-AVGRelation, will approach a solid line among Fig. 3 or a relative line segment, institute is so that the defined maximum current/power of OCP/OLP becomes a fixed value.
Signal delay compensator 51, transducer 56 and average current comparator 52 and renovator 54 can be considered as an adjuster, and it upgrades and limits signal V
CS-LIMIT, so that peak value V
CS-PEAKAnd detection signal V
CSPairing average current V
CS-AVG-REAL,, approach default relation among Fig. 3 each other along with the carrying out of switch periods.
For example, as expection inductance average current signal V
CS-AVG-EXPCompared with average current V
CS-AVG-REALWhen low, during next switch periods, limit signal V
CS-LIMITJust increase.Therefore, in next switch periods, expection inductance average current signal V
CS-AVG-EXPWill be toward average current V
CS-AVG-REALApproaching.
Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B have shown two kinds of signal delay compensator 51a and 51b, and each is all applicable among Fig. 4.Among Fig. 5 A, signal delay compensator 51a mainly contains comparator 502 and 504, electric capacity 508, current source I
RWith I
L, and resistance R
BWith R
BIAS1If detection signal V
CSPeak value V
CS-PEAKGreater than limiting signal V
CS-LIMIT, comparator 504 can make current source I
RTo electric capacity 508 chargings, draw high capacitance voltage V--
BiasOpposite, if detection signal V
CSPeak value V
CS-PEAKAlways less than limiting signal V
CS-LIMIT, comparator 504 can make current source I
LTo electric capacity 508 discharges, drag down capacitance voltage V--
BiasCurrent source I
LElectric current essential will be much smaller than current source I
RElectric current.Capacitance voltage V--
BiasThrough the conversion of resistance and current mirror 506 and 507, can be in resistance R
BIAS1Produce pressure drop V
BIAS1, and then provide one than limiting signal V
CS-LIMITThe low low signal V that limits
CS-LIMIT-LOWERAs detection signal V
CSGreater than the low signal V that limits
CS-LIMIT-LOWERThe time, the signal of comparator 502 can off switch 14.By inference as can be known, through after the switch periods several times, capacitance voltage V--
BiasCan probably maintain a definite value, allow comparator 502 at detection signal V
CSEqual the low signal V that limits
CS-LIMIT-LOWERJust send signal ahead of time, make detection signal V at last
CSPeak value V
CS-PEAKEqual to limit signal V
CS-LIMITCurrent source I
LMay be able to omit, utilize electric capacity 508 own electric leakages, or the face that connects leaks electricity (junction leakage), make capacitance voltage V--
BiasVery slow decline.
The signal delay compensator 51b of Fig. 5 B also can make detection signal V
CSPeak value V
CS-PEAKEqual to limit signal V
CS-LIMITWith producing the low signal V that limits among Fig. 5 A
CS-LIMIT-LOWERDifferent, Fig. 5 B produces high current detection signal V
CS-HIGHERCircuit framework or operating principle among other Fig. 5 B, identical with Fig. 5 A or similar, can learn by analogizing among Fig. 5 A.
Fig. 6 has shown average current comparator 52a, renovator 54a and clamping device 59a, applicable to Fig. 4.
Output voltage V from average current comparator 52a
MVariation, average current V as can be seen
CS-AVG-REAL(detection signal V
CSAverage) greater than or less than expection inductance average current signal V
CS-AVG-EXPAs detection signal V
CSGreater than expection inductance average current signal V
CS-AVG-EXPThe time, current source 362 provides decides electric current I
ConTo electric capacity 366 chargings; As detection signal V
CSLess than expection inductance average current signal V
CS-AVG-EXPThe time, current source 364 provides decides electric current I
ConTo electric capacity 366 discharges.Because detection signal V
CSBe linear increasing, so when gate-control signal GATE makes switch 14 conductings, if average current V
CS-AVG-REALGreater than expection inductance average current signal V
CS-AVG-EXP, output voltage V then
MCan rise.Opposite, if average current V
CS-AVG-REALSmaller, output voltage V then
MCan descend.
When gate-control signal GATE closed switch 14, renovator 54a was according to output voltage V
MUpgrade and limit signal V
CS-LIMITFor avoiding too high or too low voltage, clamping device 59a makes to limit signal V with two diodes
CS-LIMITVoltage between upper limit V
CS-LIMIT-TOPWith lower limit V
CS-LIMIT-BOTTOMBetween.
The left side of Fig. 7 has shown when OCP/OLP triggers, qualification signal V
CS-LIMITWith expection inductance average current signal V
CS-AVG-EXPRelation, V among Fig. 3 just
CS-PEAKWith V
CS-AVGRelation; Right-hand part has shown the result of its simplification.Because the V among Fig. 3
CS-PEAKWith V
CS-AVGRelation is a curve, may more complicated when it is realized with circuit, so can be with one or many line segments (linesegment), with piecewise linear curve (piecewise linear curve) approximate representation.A kind of mode of simplifying most is to use straight line, represents the first half of curve, shown in the straight line L in Fig. 7 right-hand part.As for the Lower Half of curve,, do not realize so can omit because can't take place in the practical operation.Straight line L in Fig. 7 right-hand part can implement with various circuit.For example, as shown in Figure 8, a simple calculations amplifier (operational amplifier) and resistance R
1With R
2Just can realize straight line L, come to be applicable to the controller 18b of Fig. 4 as a transducer 56a.
Fig. 9 has then shown according to another kind of controller 18c of the invention process, goes for the booster circuit 10 among Fig. 1, also can be adapted to other kind SMPS.
Do not have the signal delay compensator 51 among Fig. 4 among Fig. 9, and just replace, make detection signal V with comparator 36
CSPeak value V
CS-PEAK, approximately be not more than and limit signal V
CS-LIMITAs before described, such framework, can be because the reason of signal delay, make peak value V
CS-PEAKBut it is very approaching a little greater than limiting signal V
CS-LIMITAmong Fig. 9, peak detector 61 is used for detection peak V
CS-PEAKTransducer 57 is roughly according to a V
CS-PEAKWith V
CS-AVGRelation (can from Fig. 3 solid line simplify), and with peak value V
CS-PEAKAs input, export an expection inductance average current signal V then
CS-AVG-EXP
From Fig. 9, also implied a closed circulation, roughly constituted by peak detector 61, transducer 57, average current comparator 52, renovator 54, comparator 36, gate controller 34, switch 14 and detection resistance 22.The carrying out of this circulation, live through several switch periods after, V
CS-PEAKWith V
CS-AVGRelation, will approach a solid line among Fig. 3 or a relative line segment, institute is so that the defined maximum current/power of OCP/OLP becomes a fixed value.
Figure 10 is a peak detector 61a for example, and wherein electric capacity can write down peak value V
CS-PEAKFigure 11 shows the V after the simplification
CS-PEAKWith V
CS-AVGRelation, can make the defined maximum current/power of OCP/OLP approximately become a fixed value.Figure 12 is for a transducer 57a of the relation of realization Figure 11, in Fig. 9.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equalizations of doing according to claim of the present invention change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a control method is applicable to a power supply unit, and it includes a switch and an Inductive component, and this method includes:
Open this switch, so that this Inductive component increases energy storage;
The flow through inductive current of this Inductive component of detection is to produce a current detection signal;
A peak value of this current detection signal relatively and one limits signal, to produce an adjusted value; And
Relatively this current detection signal and this limit signal, when this current detection signal, this qualification signal and this adjusted value are approximately a particular kind of relationship, close this switch, so that next peak value of this current detection signal, approximate this qualification signal greatly, roughly the erasure signal delayed impact.
2. control method as claimed in claim 1 includes:
When this peak value of this current detection signal limits signal greater than this, one electric capacity is charged with one first electric current;
When this peak value of this current detection signal limits signal less than this, to this capacitor discharge, wherein this second electric current is less than this first electric current with one second electric current; And
With the voltage of this electric capacity, convert this adjusted value to.
3. control method as claimed in claim 1 includes:
Should limit signal and reduce this adjusted value, to produce low signal that limits; And
Relatively this current detection signal with should lowly limit signal, when this current detection signal is low when limiting signal more than or equal to this, close this switch.
4. control method as claimed in claim 1 includes:
This current detection signal has been increased this adjusted value, to produce a high current detection signal; And
Relatively this high current detection signal and this qualification signal when this high current detection signal limits signal more than or equal to this, are closed this switch.
5. the output control of energy method of a power supply unit, this power supply unit includes a switch and an Inductive component, and this method includes:
Open this switch, so that this Inductive component increases energy storage;
The flow through inductive current of this Inductive component of detection is to produce a current detection signal;
Provide one to limit signal, in order to roughly to limit a peak value of this inductive current; And
According to this peak value and the pairing inductance average current of this current detection signal, upgrade this qualification signal, so that this peak value and this inductance average current are along with switch periods, and near a preset relation, this preset relation is exported this power supply unit in a switch periods this output energy is approximately certain value.
6. control method as claimed in claim 5 includes:
Make this peak value of this current detection signal, equal this qualification signal; And
Limit signal according to this current detection signal and this, upgrade this qualification signal.
7. control method as claimed in claim 6 comprises:
Limit signal according to this, produce an expection inductance average current signal; And
According to this expection inductance average current signal and this current detection signal, upgrade this qualification signal.
8. the output control of energy method of a power supply unit includes:
This power supply unit includes a switch and an Inductive component, and this method includes:
Open this switch, so that this Inductive component increases energy storage;
The flow through inductive current of this Inductive component of detection is to produce a current detection signal;
Provide one to limit signal, in order to roughly to limit a peak value of this inductive current; And
One closed circulation is provided, controls this qualification signal, make the pairing inductance average current of this peak value and this current detection signal, approach a preset relation each other, the power that this preset relation makes this Inductive component transmit in a switch periods is approximately certain value.
9. a controller is applicable to a power supply unit, and it includes a switch and an Inductive component, and this controller includes;
One peak value delimiter receives one and limits a signal and a current detection signal, and in order to the flow through peak value of inductive current of this Inductive component of restriction roughly, wherein this current detection signal is to should inductive current; And
One adjuster is in order to upgrade this qualification signal, so that the pairing inductance average current of this peak value and this current detection signal, carrying out along with switch periods, approach a preset relation each other, the power that this preset relation makes this Inductive component transmit in a switch periods is approximately certain value.
10. controller as claimed in claim 9, wherein, this peak value delimiter includes a comparator, it has two inputs, receives this qualification signal and this current detection signal respectively, and, this adjuster includes a peak detector, notes down this peak value of this inductive current.
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| CN102983739A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-03-20 | 西安电子科技大学 | Active power factor correction circuit |
| CN102983739B (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2015-04-08 | 西安电子科技大学 | Active power factor correction circuit |
| CN107526033A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-29 | 衢州学院 | A kind of high-precision switching regulator electric inductance measuring-testing instrument |
| CN107526033B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2023-09-08 | 衢州学院 | High-precision switch type inductance tester |
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