CN102231690A - Remote meter reading method of public utility meter - Google Patents
Remote meter reading method of public utility meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN102231690A CN102231690A CN2011100820613A CN201110082061A CN102231690A CN 102231690 A CN102231690 A CN 102231690A CN 2011100820613 A CN2011100820613 A CN 2011100820613A CN 201110082061 A CN201110082061 A CN 201110082061A CN 102231690 A CN102231690 A CN 102231690A
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a remote meter reading method of a public utility meter. In the method provided by the invention, an improved and encrypted M-Bus (meter bus) transmission mode is adopted, thus the transmission mode is simplified. In order to achieve the effects, in the remote meter reading method of the public utility meter provided by the invention, a host and a slave are adopted, and the host is in communication connection with the slave through a bus and provides working power for the slave. The method comprises the following steps: a communication configuration step, a encryption step and a communication step which are carried out between the host and the slave, wherein the communication configuration step comprises a bus initialization step and an equipment determination step; the communication step is carried out after the encryption step; the communication step comprises a data reading step and a transmission interruption step after the communication step; the data reading step comprises data requesting; the slave replies and reads the data; the receiving processing is carried out on the data through the slave; and the receiving processing is divided into interruption receiving processing and link layer processing. Because the technical scheme of the invention is adopted, the M-Bus can be used for conveniently and safely realizing the functions of starting the networking and remote meter reading of meters such as an electricity meter, a water meter, a heat meter and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of field bus communication mode, relate in particular to a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method.
Background technology
M-BUS is a kind of long-range network architecture of receiving and sending messages that is specifically designed to all kinds of instrument or device, M-BUS and TSS721 chip application on all kinds of consumption instrument (as water meter, ammeter, gas meter and smoke alarm unit etc.), can be realized the remote real-time data collection, patrol and examine and function such as monitoring.As with this system applies in the residential quarter, then can realize remote meter reading, warning, Based Intelligent Control and management etc., this has great importance to the modern management with intelligent residential area construction and Administration of Public Affairs department." research of M-Bus meter bus principle " literary composition is also arranged in the prior art, detailed introduction the network hierarchical structure of M-Bus bus, data transmit important contents such as operation principle and procotol, and the bus transceiver TSS721 of M-Bus system has been done detailed elaboration.In application facet, the government utility instrument is by expansion M-Bus bus, makes it have function with the communication of M-Bus meter bus, thereby realizes remote meter reading.We can say that M-BUS has been the product of using very maturely in developed country.But in the national conditions of China's reality, different standards and corresponding protected mode are arranged for communication, therefore can't simple application to reality, we need a kind of follow-on M-BUS meter bus, adapt to national actual conditions.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method, the M-Bus transmission means that adopts improvement to encrypt, and simplified transmission means, energy low-cost high-efficiency ground reaches the purpose of remote meter reading.Guarantee information transmitted safety simultaneously.
In order to reach described effect, a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method, comprise main frame and slave, communicated to connect by bus between main frame and the slave and provided working power for slave, comprise the communication configuration step between described main frame and the slave, encrypting step and communication step, the communication configuration step comprises the initialization bus step, confirms device step, the laggard row communication step of encrypting step, transmission interrupt step after the communication step comprises the data read step and finishes communication, the data read step comprises request of data, and slave is replied data, and data are read, slave receives and handles then, receives to handle to be divided into interrupting receiving to handle and link layer process.
Preferably, to be main frame carry out initialization bus by transmission with the short frame SND_NKE of 0 address to described initialization bus step, seeks new equipment on the bus, if slave is arranged, then replys E5H on the bus.
Preferably, described interruption receives to handle and comprises the timer that triggers a monitoring usefulness, when transfiniting at interval, or in official hour, do not have data to reply, and then abandon this communication, abandoning after the communication is at most that 3 times repeating transmission is attempted, interrupt receiving the data of handling receiving, carried out simple frame and judged to have only frame format correctly just can trigger task, task continues data are carried out analyzing and processing.
Preferably, described timer only just starts in the situation of having opened communication.
Preferably, described link layer process handling process is that slave is judged the data frame type that receives according to the type that sends, short frame or long frame; Then carry out the detection of content frame and form, mistake then withdraws from; Correctly then detect C control domain, A control domain, CI control domain; Carry out the judgment data type according to DIF again, whether be with DIFE simultaneously; Judge that then VIF carries out the judgment data content, whether be with VIFE simultaneously; Above process need carries out step by step, has only the condition that has satisfied the front just to carry out ensuing; If a frame data band a plurality of Content of communciations, so as long as data item mistake/do not support, can abandon this communication so, then can trigger a communication again.
Preferably, also be provided with step lock in time after the described affirmation device step, main frame adopts SND_UD to send data, and slave adopts RSP_UD to reply to main frame; The trigger mechanism of time synchronized has two classes: 1. main frame time any time changes; 2. communication is rebuild constantly; And be preset with one face in limited time synchronously between, if exceed this face in limited time between synchronization failure then, the data content transmission process need in the described lock in time step is encrypted.
Preferably, described affirmation device step aft engine carries out the operation control valve step, confirms the equipment valve state of slave, and main frame sends SND_UD, and slave is replied RSP_UD; Main frame will confirm whether the position that is provided with current control valve position and last time is identical, if difference set control valve mistake then.
Preferably, described encrypting step comprises sets up the encryption mechanism group, ciphering process and cipher key management procedures, described encryption mechanism group comprises that AES-128 encrypts built in interior multiple cipher mode, ciphering process comprises that choosing encryption mechanism from cryptographic libraries encrypts, and the byte of encryption is only at the application layer data content, and wherein the CRC check byte is not encrypted, if the application layer data content is not the integral multiple of 16 bytes, need so to adopt 0x2F to fill; Adopt CI two label: 5AH in territory and 5BH to represent that main frame encrypts to the data of slave.
Preferably, AES-128 encrypts and is made as preliminary encryption mechanism, when finding abnormal conditions are arranged in the data read step that main frame receives, be that information has when being intercepted sign, main frame is changed encryption mechanism automatically from cryptographic libraries, and send the alarm information noticing attendant, when attendant's aft engine encryption mechanism of fixing a breakdown is automatically adjusted back the AES-128 encryption and made.
Owing to adopted described technical scheme, M-Bus can realize networking and the remote meter-reading function of family easily and safely with instrument such as ammeter, water meter, calorimeters.Particularly importantly, the present invention has carried out adaptive improvement to existing M-Bus transmission means, more meets existing network.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method of the present invention M-BUS structural representation.
Fig. 2 is the transmission Interrupt Process schematic flow sheet of a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 receives the handling process schematic diagram for the interruption of a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 sends Frame for the initialization operation main frame of a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 replys main frame for slave in the link processing flow process of a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method of the present invention and sends Frame
Fig. 6 is the slave addresses acknowledgement frame of a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method of the present invention.
Fig. 7 sends Frame for the clock check and correction of a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the slave of a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method of the present invention transmit frame that resets.
Fig. 9 is the control valve operation transmit frame of a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method of the present invention
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method of the present invention, comprise main frame and slave, use two lines to connect between main frame and the slave, these two lines play communication and provide power supply two kinds of effects, comprise the communication configuration step between described main frame and the slave, encrypting step and communication step, the communication configuration step comprises the initialization bus step, confirm device step, through the laggard row communication step of encrypting step, the transmission interrupt step after the communication step comprises the data read step and finishes communication, the data read step comprises request of data, slave is replied data, data are read, and then slave reception processing, receive to handle to be divided into two parts: interrupt reception processing and link layer process.
The communication of a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method of the present invention is configured in any case, and baud rate is fixed as 2400, even parity check, 8 data bit, 1 position of rest;
Encrypt before communication, 5 kinds of encryption mechanisms are provided, wherein adopting AES-128 to encrypt is mandatory preliminary encryption.The byte of encrypting is only at the application layer data content, and wherein the CRC check byte is not encrypted, if the application layer data content is not the integral multiple of 16 bytes, needs so to adopt 0x2F to fill; Adopt CI two label: 5AH in territory and 5BH to represent that main frame encrypts to the data of slave;
Key management
Each M-BUS equipment all has a unique key, and just the default key of equipment is used to decipher new key, in case new key has been obtained, Zhi Hou communication need adopt new key to carry out communication so, and communication before can not encrypted.Encryption method is 0420H (minimum is 10H for 04 expression encryption method, 20 expression enciphered data length), and initialization key is 0, and encryption method is 0520H, needs so to edit out key according to data head: (totally 16)
Carry out communication and connect preceding advanced line data encryption,
Data encryption is different different according to equipment, and emphasis is at unclocked two kind equipments are arranged;
The encryption of wherein unclocked equipment first data block need be filled two bytes, and the filling content is FFH;
M-BUS equipment can delivery flow rate, instantaneous value, value per hour, and equipment per hour can be preserved data, and constantly accumulation, and main frame can visit the hour data of appointment by Storage Number.
As Fig. 4-shown in Figure 8, the communication process of a kind of utility meter remote meter reading method of the present invention comprises:
Initialization bus
Carry out initialization bus by transmission with the short frame (SND_NKE) of 0 address, seek new equipment on the bus, if new equipment is arranged, should reply E5H so on the bus;
Affirmation equipment
In case main frame obtains the answer of initialization bus, illustrate there has been new equipment on the bus that this time, main frame need obtain the information of this equipment so, so that be for further processing.Visit this equipment by sending REQ_UD2, equipment adopts RSP_UD to reply to main frame;
Lock in time
If find in the equipment affirmation process that current device is that internal clocking is arranged, need to carry out time synchronized so, main frame adopts SND_UD to send data, and slave adopts RSP_UD to reply to main frame; The trigger mechanism of time synchronized has two classes:
Whenever the change of main frame time; When 2, communication is rebuild; And require the time of every day can not surpass for 60 seconds, otherwise with synchronization failure.This data content transmission process need is encrypted.
For the slave that has control valve, as shown in Figure 9, comprise the control valve operation,
If the equipment that connects has control valve, main frame can send and carry out operation control valve so, and main frame sends SND_UD, and slave is replied RSP_UD; Main frame will confirm whether the position that is provided with current control valve position and last time is identical, different, with set control valve mistake.
Data read
Main frame need be added up the energy of devices consume, and the mode of employing poll is obtained the data of each equipment, and main frame adopts the SND_UD frame, and equipment adopts RSP_UD to reply, and data item mainly contains two classes:
1, settlement data (per hour data); 2, instant data;
Request of data
Main frame carries out data request operation, REQ_UD2 by sending short frame;
Slave is replied data
After slave receives main frame REQ_UD2 frame, need to adopt the RSP_UD frame to reply, and need be with 12 byte-header;
The data readout mode
Data block communication that the table meter is specific is used for the readout equipment data, and main frame adopts REQ_UD2, adopts the RSP_UD frame to reply,
Receive and handle
Receive to handle and be divided into two parts: interrupt receiving and handle and link layer process;
As shown in Figure 2, interrupt receiving processing
Because bus has been stipulated the blanking time between the byte, monitor so need to trigger a timer, when transfiniting at interval, abandon this communication so; The frame that needs are replied also will be monitored simultaneously, if there are not data to reply in official hour, may send not success last time so, so need to trigger retransmission mechanism, only supports at present to retransmit 3 times; Interrupt receiving the data of handling receiving, having carried out simple frame judges, have only frame format correctly just can trigger task, task continues data are carried out analyzing and processing, bus is only supported half duplex communication, so successfully receive a frame, need close reception, after next transmission finishes, open reception again; In order to save table meter power consumption, so, all close at ordinary times just timer only starts in the situation of having opened communication.2, link layer process
After the M-BUS task triggered, the work that at first enters was exactly data analysis, and purpose is to formulate ensuing operation or obtains the important information content;
Handling process
Judge the data frame type that receives according to the type that sends, short frame or long frame; Then carry out the detection of content frame and form, mistake then withdraws from; Correctly then detect C control domain, A control domain, CI control domain (CI control domain be divided into band fixed data head again and not with the processing mode of data head); Carry out the judgment data type according to DIF again, whether be with DIFE simultaneously; Judge that then VIF carries out the judgment data content, whether be with VIFE simultaneously; Above process need carries out step by step, has only the condition that has satisfied the front just to carry out ensuing; If a frame data band a plurality of Content of communciations, so as long as data item mistake/do not support, can abandon this communication so, then can trigger a communication (each class triggers 3 times at most) again;
Handling process
At first judge whether to exist bus error, if there is the communication that resets so; Then carrying out state judges, the triggering of state is finished by other tasks, such as communication, calendar scheduling is as long as the sign of set correspondence just can completion status switch, can only be under a kind of state in the same time, so state change must communication state be in idle in, otherwise wait for, up to being in Idle state always; In case after state is judged well, enter corresponding state so and handle; Finishing of every kind of state, the communication state that all must reset owing to can have a plurality of slaves on the bus, under so a kind of state, need be operated different slaves;
The operation of supporting at present: 1, the slave (unloading) that resets; 2, slave is installed; 3, read from machine data; 4, is set the slave time; 5, Long-distance Control slave;
As shown in Figure 3, sending Interrupt Process handles:
Carry out framing according to the operation that condition managing is given, and the content of correspondence is sent on the bus, for the operation that needs are replied, need to trigger a clock supervision, data sending processing only is responsible for data content is sent, and does not carry out other judgements.
In case find data exception after finishing communication, the main frame alarm severity present then according to slave, whether decision carries out following read operation, as shown in Figure 5, main frame is changed encryption mechanism automatically from cryptographic libraries, and send the alarm information noticing attendant, when attendant's aft engine encryption mechanism of fixing a breakdown is automatically adjusted back the AES-128 encryption and made.Can avoid information to be usurped like this by the people of bad motive.This moment, slave must possess a default key, and this key is unique, by the main website unified planning with device flag number registration; This default key is mainly used in the new key of deciphering, and before new key was set, the part communication was not encrypted, unless the specific (special) requirements ciphered data is arranged, just adopt default key to be decrypted; Be provided with after the new key, communication afterwards all adopts new key to carry out communication, and default key is before keeping always, in order to the new key of deciphering next time.
Claims (9)
1. utility meter remote meter reading method, it is characterized in that, comprise main frame and slave, communicated to connect by bus between main frame and the slave and provided working power for slave, carry out the communication configuration step between described main frame and the slave, encrypting step and communication step, the communication configuration step comprises the initialization bus step, confirms device step, the laggard row communication step of encrypting step, transmission interrupt step after the communication step comprises the data read step and finishes communication, the data read step comprises request of data, and slave is replied data, and data are read, slave receives and handles then, receives to handle to be divided into interrupting receiving to handle and link layer process.
2. utility meter remote meter reading method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: to be main frame carry out initialization bus by transmission with the short frame SND_NKE of 0 address to described initialization bus step, seek new equipment on the bus, if slave is arranged, then reply E5H on the bus.
3. utility meter remote meter reading method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described interruption receives to handle and comprises the timer that triggers a monitoring usefulness, when transfiniting at interval, or in official hour, do not have data to reply, and then abandon this communication, abandoning after the communication is at most that 3 times repeating transmission is attempted, interrupt receiving the data of handling receiving, carried out simple frame and judged to have only frame format correctly just can trigger task, task continues data are carried out analyzing and processing.
4. utility meter remote meter reading method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described timer only just starts in the situation of having opened communication.
5. utility meter remote meter reading method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described link layer process handling process is that slave is judged the data frame type that receives according to the type that sends, short frame or long frame; Then carry out the detection of content frame and form, mistake then withdraws from; Correctly then detect C control domain, A control domain, CI control domain; Carry out the judgment data type according to DIF again, whether be with DIFE simultaneously; Judge that then VIF carries out the judgment data content, whether be with VIFE simultaneously; Above process need carries out step by step, has only the condition that has satisfied the front just to carry out ensuing; If a frame data band a plurality of Content of communciations, so as long as data item mistake/do not support, can abandon this communication so, then can trigger a communication again.
6. utility meter remote meter reading method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: also be provided with step lock in time after the described affirmation device step, main frame adopts SND_UD to send data, and slave adopts RSP_UD to reply to main frame; The trigger mechanism of time synchronized has two classes: 1. main frame time any time changes; 2. communication is rebuild constantly; And be preset with one face in limited time synchronously between, if exceed this face in limited time between synchronization failure then, the data content transmission process need in the described lock in time step is encrypted.
7. utility meter remote meter reading method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described affirmation device step aft engine carries out the operation control valve step, confirms the equipment valve state of slave, and main frame sends SND_UD, and slave is replied RSP_UD; Main frame will confirm whether the position that is provided with current control valve position and last time is identical, if difference set control valve mistake then.
8. utility meter remote meter reading method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described encrypting step comprises sets up the encryption mechanism group, ciphering process and cipher key management procedures, described encryption mechanism group comprises that AES-128 encrypts built in interior multiple cipher mode, ciphering process comprises that choosing encryption mechanism from cryptographic libraries encrypts, the byte of encrypting is only at the application layer data content, wherein the CRC check byte is not encrypted, if the application layer data content is not the integral multiple of 16 bytes, need so to adopt 0x2F to fill; Adopt CI two label: 5AH in territory and 5BH to represent that main frame encrypts to the data of slave.
9. utility meter remote meter reading method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: AES-128 encrypts and is made as preliminary encryption mechanism, when finding abnormal conditions are arranged in the data read step that main frame receives, be that information has when being intercepted sign, main frame is changed encryption mechanism automatically from cryptographic libraries, and send the alarm information noticing attendant, when attendant's aft engine encryption mechanism of fixing a breakdown is automatically adjusted back the AES-128 encryption and made.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100820613A CN102231690A (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2011-03-31 | Remote meter reading method of public utility meter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011100820613A CN102231690A (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2011-03-31 | Remote meter reading method of public utility meter |
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| CN2011100820613A Pending CN102231690A (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2011-03-31 | Remote meter reading method of public utility meter |
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Cited By (8)
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| CN103490873A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2014-01-01 | 硕呈科技股份有限公司 | Method for time synchronization of wireless radio frequency device |
| CN104678167A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2015-06-03 | 华立仪表集团股份有限公司 | Intelligent electric energy meter and public utility meter reading system |
| CN105931445A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-09-07 | 威海市天罡仪表股份有限公司 | Anti-interference wireless M-Bus short-distance meter reading control method |
| CN110930681A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-27 | 怀化学院 | Remote meter reading main equipment and remote meter reading system |
| WO2021008181A1 (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-21 | 河海大学 | Key management method for fieldbus channel encryption device |
| WO2021012728A1 (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-28 | 河海大学 | Channel encryption method for fieldbus in water management automation control system |
| WO2021042736A1 (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-11 | 江苏省水文水资源勘测局 | Encryption method for application data unit in water conservancy industrial control system |
| CN112637028A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-09 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司 | M-BUS communication circuit |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103490873A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2014-01-01 | 硕呈科技股份有限公司 | Method for time synchronization of wireless radio frequency device |
| CN103490873B (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2016-08-24 | 硕呈科技股份有限公司 | Method for time synchronization |
| CN104678167A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2015-06-03 | 华立仪表集团股份有限公司 | Intelligent electric energy meter and public utility meter reading system |
| CN104678167B (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2019-01-25 | 华立科技股份有限公司 | A kind of intelligent electric energy meter and utility meter kilowatt meter reading-out system |
| CN105931445A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-09-07 | 威海市天罡仪表股份有限公司 | Anti-interference wireless M-Bus short-distance meter reading control method |
| CN105931445B (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2022-03-08 | 威海市天罡仪表股份有限公司 | Anti-interference wireless M-Bus short-distance meter reading control method |
| WO2021008181A1 (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-21 | 河海大学 | Key management method for fieldbus channel encryption device |
| WO2021012728A1 (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-28 | 河海大学 | Channel encryption method for fieldbus in water management automation control system |
| WO2021042736A1 (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-11 | 江苏省水文水资源勘测局 | Encryption method for application data unit in water conservancy industrial control system |
| CN110930681A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-27 | 怀化学院 | Remote meter reading main equipment and remote meter reading system |
| CN110930681B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-09-03 | 怀化学院 | Remote meter reading main equipment and remote meter reading system |
| CN112637028A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-09 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司 | M-BUS communication circuit |
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Application publication date: 20111102 |