CN102230856A - Preparation method for icerich frozen soil sample - Google Patents
Preparation method for icerich frozen soil sample Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method for an icerich frozen soil sample. The method comprises the steps of establishing a low temperature laboratory and preparing dry soil at a constant temperature and ice samples. The specific flow of the method comprises: 1) calculating the weight of dry soil, ice and water needed for the preparation of a sample; 2) crushing ice; 3) mixing ice and dry soil uniformly; 4) preparing a mixture of ice and water; 5) uniformly mixing ice, dry soil and water; 6) carrying out compacting to obtain a sample; 7) freezing the sample; 8) determining a part of parameters of the sample. According to the invention, no professional equipment is needed; the process is simple and flexible; the cost is low; results of the test are accurate and artificial icerich frozen soil samples can be prepared according to actual desired dimension, thereby guaranteeing sample supply for tests and research on icerich frozen soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of sample that height contains freezing soil mechanics performance that is used to study.Be applicable to that the low temperature test chamber is prepared the height with well-bonded structure and contains match-maker worker's frozen soil sample (contained soil or ice particle maximum particle diameter are no more than 2.0mm) use.
Background technology
Height contains freezing soil and is meant that water cut surpasses saturation moisture content, and temperature is lower than 0 ℃ the soil body.High ice content in the ever frost that Qinghai-Tibet Highway passes through (volume ice content 〉=20%) frozen soil section has accounted for 59% of total length; Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes through ever frost district 632km, and it is the hight-ice-content permafrost district that 221km is wherein arranged, and high temperature, the overlapping highway section of hight-ice-content permafrost are 134km.At home, a large amount of desk research concentrates on low ice content frozen soil, is total moisture content and is no more than saturation moisture content or the just frozen soil of the value of reaching capacity.Abroad, the report that contains freezing soil mechanics characteristic on a small quantity about height is just arranged in early days, but describe seldom, or have no data available for the preparation method that height contains freezing soil sample.Along with cold district highway, railway, the development of engineering constructions such as pipe laying, increasing engineering can touch in process of construction and contain the higher frozen soil of ice (water) amount, so the high mechanical characteristic that contains freezing soil of research just seems more and more important, and the preparation of hight-ice-content permafrost sample can be and carries out height and contain freezing native experimental study and provide sample to guarantee.
What artificial frozen soil method of sample preparation was traditional has three kinds: the whole compacting of layering compacting process, concretion method and pressure model machine, these three kinds of methods are all used at present at normal temperatures.It is that soil, ice and water evenly are mixed with and form that whole shape height contains match-maker worker's frozen soil sample, and Gao Hanbing (water) amount (greater than saturation value) of sample has been guaranteed in the existence of ice, so the whole process of preparation of sample must be carried out under the subzero temperature environment.Use when the preparation of layering compacting process is high to contain the ice sample, last layer soil body often occurs and self freeze, be difficult for being bonded to uniformly, cause the very big inhomogeneity of sample the most at last with other layer; Concretion method is that the wind desiceted soil adding distil water is made into thin mud greater than liquid limit, pours the sample preparation tube into, and apply static load to quicken soil sample fixed at the top, to obtain saturated sample, obviously is unwell to height and contains the preparation of icing sample; Press model machine to be applicable to normal temperature, can't run well at low temperatures.Therefore, a kind of height that is applicable to that low temperature test chamber preparation has well-bonded structure of research and development method of containing match-maker worker's frozen soil sample is significant for the high mechanical characteristic problem that contains freezing soil of research.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned, the object of the invention provides a kind of high preparation method who contains freezing soil sample.
A kind of high preparation method who contains freezing soil sample at first opens the low temperature test chamber, be ready to the constant temperature dry ground (particle diameter≤2.0mm) and ice sample, height contain freezing soil sample and prepare idiographic flow and comprise:
A. calculate the quality of dry ground, ice and the water of sample needs of preparation:, under the condition of known sample size and low temperature test room temperature, calculate the quality of the preparation required dry ground of sample, ice and a water according to given sample water cut and dry density.
B. trash ice: will freeze good monoblock ice is particle ice by wooden hammer hand-crushed, utilizes comminutor that particle ice is pulverized powder ice for particle diameter≤2.0mm again.
C. ice, soil evenly mix: the powder ice that takes by weighing a required step b gained of sample according to step a respectively reaches the dry ground of constant temperature, is placed in the cylindrical metal bucket of stainless steel and mixes.Earlier manual fast the stirring re-uses simple and easy single speed vane type electric mixer and carries out robotization and be stirred to evenly.
D. prepare ice, aqueous mixtures: a certain amount of distilled water is put into container and placed the low temperature test chamber to be cooled to temperature is 0 ℃, adds the described particle ice of quantitative step b then, is stirred to ice, aqueous mixtures temperature homogeneous rapidly.
E. ice, soil, water evenly mix: the liquid water yield that takes by weighing in the described potpourri of the required steps d of sample according to step a adds in the described potpourri of step c.Earlier manual fast the stirring re-uses simple and easy single speed bar type electric mixer and carries out robotization and be stirred to evenly.
F. suppress sample:, utilize the mechanical type hydraulic jack to adopt two ends compacting compacting to the height that requires with the described ice of step e, soil, the disposable sample preparation tube of packing into of water uniform mix.
G. freeze sample: sample takes off the sample preparation tube, and the Standard Module of packing into is put into-20 ℃ of cryogenic boxes and carried out the quick freezing of 24h at least.
H. determine the sample partial parameters: size and gross mass that the described sample demoulding of measuring process g is later, the grease proofing gum cover of standard configuration of the sealing of then sample being packed into is put into-20 ℃ of cryogenic boxes, finishes the preparation of sample, uses in order to test.
The beneficial effect of advantage of the present invention and generation:
Technology of the present invention is simple, flexibly, with low cost, test findings is accurate, can size according to actual needs makes height under cryogenic conditions and contains match-maker worker's frozen soil sample, contains freezing native experimental study the sample assurance is provided for carrying out height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the stirring apparatus schematic perspective view.
Fig. 2 is a sample pressure setting schematic perspective view.
Fig. 3 is the stress-strain diagram behind 1,2, No. 3 silty sand specimen test in the example 1
Fig. 4 is the stress-strain diagram behind 1,2, No. 3 silty clay specimen test in the example 2
Embodiment
The stirring apparatus that the present invention uses, wherein: the cylindrical metal bucket of 1-stainless steel; 2-bar type blade; The 3-motor; 4-vane type blade.The sample pressure setting, wherein: the 5-hydraulic jack; The 6-piston rod; 7-sample preparation tube; The 8-chassis.
In order to understand the present invention better, by following examples technology of the present invention is further specified, but be not limitation of the invention.
3 cylindrical Qinghai-Tibet silty sand samples of example 1 preparation, it highly is 125.0mm, diameter 61.8mm, dry density 0.44g/cm
3, water cut is 150.0%.
Sample preparation preliminary work: at first open low temperature test chamber (temperature-controlled precision ± 1.0 ℃), (temperature is too low, and quick freezing easily takes place ice, soil, water three's potpourri for-7 ℃ to set its temperature; Temperature is too high to be unfavorable for the existence of icing again).Treat that its temperature reaches this setting value, and behind the stable 2h at least, place the low temperature test chamber to carry out the constant temperature of 12h at least with all instruments that the preparation sample relates to the dry powder matter sand of particle diameter≤2.0mm, adding 4000g distilled water simultaneously in a stainless steel ice pan places the low temperature test chamber to carry out freezing of 12h at least, become ice thickness degree≤20.0mm, convenient broken.
Height contains ice silty sand specimen preparation flow process:
(1) quality of dry ground, ice and the water of sand sample needs of calculating preparation: according to given sample water cut 150.0%, dry density 0.44g/cm
3, specimen size (high 125.0mm, diameter 61.8mm) and low temperature test room temperature-7.0 ℃, conversing required dry ground quality of sample of preparation is 165.0g, Total Water is 247.5g, should be 165.0g * 15% (when silty sand is-7.0 ℃ in temperature so in preparation sample process, add the quality of aqueous water, it does not freeze liquid water content and is about 15%)=24.75g, the quality of powder ice is 165.0g-24.75g=140.25g.
(2) trash ice: will freeze good monoblock ice is maximum particle diameter≤20.0mm particle ice by wooden hammer hand-crushed, utilizes comminutor with the powder ice of particle ice pulverizing for particle diameter≤2.0mm again.
Comminutor can be selected the common type that is used to pulverize condiment, medicine etc. on the market (about 1000 yuan of RMB of price/platform) for use, and grain size has the screen cloth control of different meshes by configuration.This comminutor can use under low temperature environment, and volume is little, easy and simple to handle, without utility appliance; Can place on the desktop and use, be convenient to process then and there.Can stop ice the passing through of particle because the ice particle is gentlier installed screen cloth, thus in the process of pulverizing without screen cloth, directly pulverizing.After the first pass powder is intact, gets an amount of trash ice and mix, and cross the 2.0mm sieve,, then first pass is pulverized ice and pulverize once more, so repeatedly, sieve by 2.0mm fully until the ice particle if on the sieve ice particle is arranged with an amount of dry ground of constant temperature.
(3) ice, soil mix: take by weighing a powder ice 140.25g and a constant temperature dry ground 165.0g that sample is required respectively according to step (1), putting into the stirring apparatus diameter is 150.0mm, highly is mixing in the cylindrical metal bucket 1 of stainless steel of 200.0mm.Earlier fast manual the stirring re-uses simple and easy single speed vane type electric mixer in the stirring apparatus and carries out robotization and be stirred to evenly.
The oversize thawing that causes ice easily of manual mixing time selects single speed vane type electric mixer to consider that mainly the blade of certain width can be stirred to ice, the earth mixtures that is in drying regime evenly.The size of propeller-blade, form can be chosen according to the size (determine according to stirring the soil amount, suit) of stirred vessel, and blade surface must smoothly cause the potpourri loss with minimizing because of stickup.
Single speed vane type electric mixer is mainly formed (see figure 1) by round iron plate three parts of the vane type blade 4 in the stirring apparatus, motor 3 and size and the cylindrical metal bucket of stainless steel 1 end coupling.Vane type blade 4 (about 8 yuan of RMB /) can buy on the market, motor 3 power are to be advisable about 80W; The interior diameter that the diameter of vane type blade 4 and iron are disclosed is poor≤3.0mm, in case leave over heterogeneous mixture.Motor 3 is fixed on the center of round iron plate.
(4) prepare ice, aqueous mixtures: 1000g distilled water is put into container and placed the low temperature test chamber to be cooled to temperature approach 0 ℃, add the described particle ice of 1000g step (2) then, be stirred to ice, aqueous mixtures temperature homogeneous rapidly.
(5) ice, soil, water evenly mix: the aqueous water 24.75g that takes by weighing in the described potpourri of step (4) adds in the described uniform mix of step (3).Earlier fast manual the stirring re-uses single speed bar type electric mixer and carries out robotization and be stirred to evenly.
Single speed bar type electric mixer is mainly formed (see figure 1) by round iron plate three parts of the bar type blade 2 in the stirring apparatus, motor 3 and size and the cylindrical metal bucket of stainless steel 1 end coupling.Bar type blade 2 (about 8 yuan of RMB /) can buy on the market, motor 3 power are to be advisable about 80W; The interior diameter that the length of bar type blade 4 and iron are disclosed is poor≤3.0mm, in case leave over heterogeneous mixture.Motor 3 is fixed on the center of round iron plate.The convex surface of bar type blade 2 can be avoided icing, soil, water three's potpourri be stained with sticking, thereby guarantee the quality of sample.
(6) compacting sample: with interior diameter in the disposable sample pressure setting of packing into of ice, soil, the water uniform mix of above-mentioned steps (5) is 61.8mm, the sample preparation tube 7 of height 180.0mm utilizes 5 tons of mechanical type hydraulic jacks 5 in the sample pressure setting to adopt two compactings to suppress to specimen height and is advisable for 125.0mm.Wherein pressing the compression travel of an end piston rod 6 earlier is 50.0mm, and that an end is pressed in the back is 55.0mm.
(7) freeze sample: sample takes off sample preparation tube 7, and the interior diameter of packing into is 61.8mm, in the Standard Module of height 125.0mm, puts into-20 ℃ of cryogenic boxes and carries out the quick freezing of 24h at least.
The Standard Module size is with the measure-alike of sample that be shaped, and in the quick freezing process, this mould can limit sample generation radial deformation, but allows small axial deformation.
(8) determine the sample partial parameters: with the sample demoulding of step (7) gained, record its gross mass 412.0g respectively, diameter 61.8mm, height 125.2mm.The grease proofing gum cover of standard configuration of sample being packed into sealing is then inserted-20 ℃ of cryogenic boxes, finishes the preparation of sample.
Repeat above-mentioned steps (3)～(8), finish the preparation of other 2 samples.
3 cylindrical Qinghai-Tibet silty clay samples of example 2 preparations, it highly is 125.0mm, diameter 61.8mm, dry density 0.79g/cm
3, water cut is 70.0%.
Sample preparation preliminary work: at first open low temperature test chamber (temperature-controlled precision ± 1.0 ℃), set its temperature and be-7 ℃.Treat that its temperature reaches this setting value, and behind the stable 2h at least, place the low temperature test chamber to carry out the constant temperature of 12h at least particle diameter≤2.0mm dry powder matter clay and the instrument that the preparation sample relates to, in a stainless steel ice pan, add 4000g distilled water simultaneously and place the low temperature test chamber to carry out freezing of 12h at least.
Height contains ice silty clay specimen preparation flow process:
(1) quality of dry ground, ice and the water of clay sample needs of calculating preparation: according to given sample water cut 70.0%, dry density 0.79g/cm
3, specimen size (high 125.0mm, diameter 61.8mm) and low temperature test room temperature-7.0 ℃, conversing required dry ground quality of sample of preparation is 296.25g, Total Water is 207.35g, should be 296.25g*10% (when silty clay is-7.0 ℃ in temperature so in preparation sample process, add the quality of aqueous water, it does not freeze liquid water content and is about 10%)=29.63g, the quality of powder ice is 207.35g-29.63g=177.75g.
(2) trash ice: will freeze good monoblock ice is maximum particle diameter≤20.0mm particle ice by wooden hammer hand-crushed, utilizes comminutor with the powder ice of particle ice pulverizing for particle diameter≤2.0mm again.
(3) ice, soil mix: take by weighing required powder ice 177.75 of sample and constant temperature dry ground 296.25g respectively according to step (1), putting into the stirring apparatus diameter is 150.0mm, highly is mixing in the cylindrical metal bucket 1 of stainless steel of 200.0mm.Earlier manual fast the stirring re-uses simple and easy single speed vane type electric mixer and carries out robotization and be stirred to evenly.
(4) preparation ice, aqueous mixtures: 1000g distilled water is put into container and placed the low temperature test chamber to be cooled to temperature is 0 ℃, adds the described particle ice of 1000g step (2) then, is stirred to ice, aqueous mixtures temperature homogeneous rapidly.
(5) ice, soil, water evenly mixes: take by weighing that aqueous water 29.63g adds in the described uniform mix of step (3) in the described potpourri of step (4).Earlier fast manual the stirring re-uses single speed bar type electric mixer and carries out robotization and be stirred to evenly.
(6) step (6)-(7) in the repetition example 1.
(7) determine the sample partial parameters: with the sample demoulding of step (6) gained, record its gross mass 503g respectively, diameter 61.8mm, height 125.5mm.The grease proofing gum cover of standard configuration of sample being packed into sealing is then put into-20 ℃ of cryogenic boxes, finishes the preparation of sample.
Repeat above-mentioned steps (3)～(7), finish the preparation of other 2 samples.
Utilize 3 silty sand samples in the example 1 to carry out uniaxial compressive strength test respectively, shear rate is 0.625mm/Min, and test temperature is-2.0 ℃.Test findings as shown in Figure 3, the total moisture content that records 1,2 and No. 3 sample after the test is respectively 149.1%, 150.8% and 151.0%, corresponding dry density is respectively 0.43g/cm
3, 0.44g/cm
3And 0.43g/cm
3The budget total moisture content 150.0% of embodiment 1 preparation flow, dry density is 0.44g/cm3.1, the water cut and the dry density of 2 and No. 3 test sample water cut and dry density result and budget are approaching substantially, and the contrast estimated value illustrates the good reproducibility of 1,2, No. 3 sample.
Utilize 3 silty clay samples in the example 2 to carry out uniaxial compressive strength test respectively, shear rate is 5.0mm/Min, and test temperature is-2.0 ℃.Test findings as shown in Figure 4, the total moisture content that records 1,2 and No. 3 sample after the test is respectively 69.5%, 71.0% and 70.5%, corresponding dry density is respectively 0.80g/cm
3, 0.79g/cm
3And 0.79g/cm
3The budget total moisture content 70.0% of embodiment 2 preparation flows, dry density 0.79g/cm
31, the water cut and the dry density of 2 and No. 3 test sample water cut and dry density result and budget are approaching substantially, and the contrast estimated value illustrates the good reproducibility of 1,2, No. 3 sample.
Fig. 3 is the stress-strain diagram behind 1,2, No. 3 silty sand specimen test in the example 1; Fig. 4 is the stress-strain diagram behind 1,2, No. 3 silty clay specimen test in the example 2.Sample stress-strain diagram from Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is as can be known: for same group of parallel sample, the stress-strain diagram of 1,2, No. 3 sample overlaps basically, and the good reproducibility of 1,2, No. 3 sample is described.Water cut and dry density distribute and show that also sample is more even between 1,2, No. 3 sample that records after the test.Cut the sample of different moisture content open, detect by an unaided eye, in sample, almost can not find ice crystal.Everything shows that method for making sample of the present invention is feasible.
Claims (1)
1. the one kind high preparation method who contains freezing soil sample at first opens cold-test chamber, is ready to particle diameter≤2.0mm constant temperature dry ground and ice sample, it is characterized in that height contains freezing soil sample and prepares idiographic flow and comprise:
A. calculate the quality of dry ground, ice and the water of sample needs of preparation: according to given sample water cut and dry density, be under-6.0～-8.0 ℃ the condition in known sample size and low temperature test room temperature, calculate the quality of the preparation required dry ground of sample, ice and a water;
B. trash ice: will freeze good monoblock ice is particle ice by wooden hammer hand-crushed, utilizes comminutor that particle ice is pulverized powder ice for particle diameter≤2.0mm again;
C. ice, soil evenly mix: the powder ice that takes by weighing a required step b gained of sample according to step a respectively reaches the dry ground of constant temperature, is placed in the cylindrical metal bucket of stainless steel (1) and mixes; Earlier manual fast the stirring re-uses simple and easy single speed vane type electric mixer and carries out robotization and be stirred to evenly;
D. prepare ice, aqueous mixtures: distilled water is put into container and placed the low temperature test chamber to be cooled to temperature is 0 ℃, adds the described particle ice of step b then, is stirred to ice, aqueous mixtures temperature homogeneous rapidly;
E. ice, soil, water evenly mix: the liquid water yield that takes by weighing in the described potpourri of the required steps d of sample according to step a adds in the described potpourri of step c; Earlier manual fast the stirring re-uses simple and easy single speed bar type electric mixer and carries out robotization and be stirred to evenly;
F. suppress sample:, utilize mechanical type hydraulic jack (5) to adopt two ends compacting compacting to the height that requires with the described ice of step e, soil, the disposable sample preparation tube (7) of packing into of water uniform mix;
G. freeze sample: sample takes off sample preparation tube (7), and the Standard Module of packing into is put into-20 ℃ of cryogenic boxes and carried out the quick freezing of 24h at least;
H. determine the sample partial parameters: size and gross mass that the described sample demoulding of measuring process g is later, the grease proofing gum cover of standard configuration of the sealing of then sample being packed into is put into-20 ℃ of cryogenic boxes, finishes the preparation of sample, uses in order to test.
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| CN107727467B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2020-07-14 | 四川农业大学 | Method for manufacturing frozen soil sample with high ice content |
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