CN102227345A - 用于距离测量的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于距离测量的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN102227345A
CN102227345A CN200980147658.2A CN200980147658A CN102227345A CN 102227345 A CN102227345 A CN 102227345A CN 200980147658 A CN200980147658 A CN 200980147658A CN 102227345 A CN102227345 A CN 102227345A
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field location
rfid
location
travel time
measure
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乌尔里克·博克
伯恩哈德·埃弗斯
拉斯·施尼德
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
    • B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
    • B61L25/026—Relative localisation, e.g. using odometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
    • B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
    • B61L3/12—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
    • B61L3/121—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves using magnetic induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
    • B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
    • B61L3/12—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
    • B61L3/125—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves using short-range radio transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
    • B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
    • B61L3/12—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
    • B61L3/121—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves using magnetic induction
    • B61L2003/123—French standard for inductive train protection, called "Contrôle de vitesse par balises" [KVB]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种测量两个线路点之间或一个线路点与一辆铁路机车(8)之间距离的方法和设备。为达到高测量精度，测量RFID(radio frequencyidentification)信号在线路点之间或在线路点与铁路机车(8)之间的传播时间。

Description

用于距离测量的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种测量两个线路点之间或一个线路点与一辆铁路机车之间距离的方法和设备。用于确定行程和速度的距离测量的精度，对于铁路控制和安全技术具有重要意义，因为应以此为基础实现对于列车影响和保证行车安全关系重大的功能。
背景技术
在这里，特别高的精度要求针对离定位基准点，例如Eurobalisen或ZUB耦合线圈的距离。这些线路点距离必须以高达+/-1em的精度测量，为的是例如以高的列车频率在轨道上运行的旅客公共运输中，能实现足够准确的行程和速度测量。已知使用视距仪和三合镜，在这种情况下反射红外光并根据传播时间评估红外光。为此视距仪和三合镜必须彼此准确定向，这在定位基准点之间的距离达700m时非常困难。
此外，为了校准速度传感器也要求尽可能准确地进行距离测量和由此导出的速度测量。通过比较传感器测量值与基准值或标准来进行校准。根据这两个值之间的偏差导出校准值，用于修正速度传感器的测量值。所有的自动计程***，例如在车辆上或线路上的雷达传感器，要求按规定校准。迄今为了校准，亦即作为基准或标准，采用不同的尤其以多样性测量原理工作的传感器***。为此经常使用以车轮旋转圈数为基础的运动脉冲传感器。在运动脉冲传感器中，例如基于离心力和滑动作用，参照系的测量可靠性通常存在问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供能更可靠和更准确地进行距离测量的方法和设备。
为达到有关方法方面的目的采取的措施是，测量无线电频率识别(RFID：radio frequency identification)信号在线路点之间或在线路点与铁路机车之间的传播时间。
按照权利要求4所述用于实施所述方法的设备，为此有一个为第一线路点配设的RFID传感器/接收器和一个为第二线路点配设的RFID传感器/接收器以及测量RFID信号在第一线路点与第二线路点之间或在第一线路点与铁路机车之间传播时间的装置。
RFID信号的传播时间可以便利地有最高精度地确定，传播时间意味着是距离的一种度量，而距离随时间改变时传播时间因而成为行程和速度的度量。在这里RFID信号可以双向或单向传输。在单向传输时，或第一线路点配备RFID发送器以及第二线路点或铁路机车配备RFID发送器，或反之。RFID部件的定位可以简单地进行，不需要在发送器与接收器之间精确定向。
按权利要求2，测量所述RFID信号在定位基准点，尤其在Eurobalisen和/或耦合线圈之间的传播时间。RFID发送器和接收器特别适用于严格垂直地定位在两个定位基准点上面，从而可以通过信号传播时间高精度测量距离。
按权利要求3，根据RFID信号的传播时间确定铁路机车的速度，并用于校准速度传感器，尤其多普勒雷达传感器。与通常使用于校准的运动脉冲传感器相比，RFID测量***的工作与离心力和滑动作用无关，由此可以更精确地实施校准。
此外，借助RFID部件进行距离测量带来的优点是其耐用性和尺寸小，由此可以无困难地根据需要临时安装。
附图说明
下面借助附图表示的实施例说明本发明。其中：
图1表示用于测量定位基准点的***；以及
图2表示用于校准速度传感器的***。
图1表示三个Eurobalisen1、2和3形式的可以测量其距离的定位基准点。其中Eurobalisen 3配属于铁路机车的一个相对于有站台门5的站台4的运行停车点。为了保证铁路机车准确停靠在以Eurobalisen 3为标志的停车点上，使站台门5与车辆门对齐，要求第一和第二Eurobalisen 1和2离第三Eurobalisen 3的距离能够准确识别。当铁路机车驶过Eurobalisen 1和2时，在车辆上确定和监测取决于实际速度的制动特性曲线。这种制动过程必须以最高精度进行，尤其当规定自动，亦即无驾驶员运行时。为此在Eurobalisen 3上垂直设置RFID发送器和/或接收器6，它设有如图所示在Eurobalisen 1上垂直设置的或在Eurobalisen 2上垂直设置的RFID发送器和/或接收器7。测量连续发送的RFID信号的传播时间，以及用作定位基准点之间的距离度量。
图2中表示的校准速度传感器，是用于RFID信号传播时间测量的另一种应用情况。图中表示铁路机车8，它具有与确定速度用的多普勒雷达传感器10配合作用的车辆仪器9。为了校准多普勒雷达传感器10，至少暂时将RFID发送器/接收器11安装在铁路机车8的前端，它与在线路上的基准RFID发送器/接收器12配合作用。根据RFID信号在这两个RFID部件11与12之间的传播时间，可以产生一个非常精确的距离等效值。在多普勒雷达传感器10与线路上用于RFID信号传输的固定测量点之间的基准线路13的末端，比较借助多普勒雷达传感器10和借助RFID信号的速度测量结果。测量结果之差换算为校准系数，并最终用于校准多普勒雷达传感器10。

Claims (4)

1.一种测量两个线路点之间或一个线路点与一辆铁路机车(8)之间距离的方法，其特征为：测量RFID(radio frequency identification)信号在线路点之间或在线路点与铁路机车(8)之间的传播时间。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征为，测量RFID信号在定位基准点，尤其在Eurobalisen(1、2、3)和/或耦合线圈之间的传播时间。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征为，根据RFID信号的传播时间确定铁路机车(8)的速度，并用于校准速度传感器，尤其多普勒雷达传感器(10)。
4.一种用于实施按照前列诸权利要求之一所述方法的设备，其特征为：设置一个为第一线路点配设的RFID传感器/接收器(6、12)和一个为第二线路点配设的RFID传感器/接收器(7)以及测量RFID信号在第一线路点与第二线路点之间或在第一线路点与铁路机车(8)之间传播时间的装置。
CN200980147658.2A 2008-11-28 2009-11-11 用于距离测量的方法和设备 Pending CN102227345A (zh)

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DE102008060188A DE102008060188A1 (de) 2008-11-28 2008-11-28 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abstandsmessung
PCT/EP2009/064958 WO2010060796A1 (de) 2008-11-28 2009-11-11 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur abstandsmessung

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CN110155124A (zh) * 2019-05-21 2019-08-23 北京交通大学 列车定位***及方法

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Application publication date: 20111026