CN102220489A - Method for extracting tellurium from copper anode slime - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for extracting tellurium from copper anode slime relates to a method for recovering tellurium from copper-tellurium-containing materials, in particular to a method for extracting tellurium from copper anode slime. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence: (1) carrying out oxygen adding and pressure sulfuric acid leaching on the copper anode mud, and leaching copper, tellurium and part of selenium; (2) introducing sulfur dioxide gas into the leaching solution, and precipitating and separating out selenium; (3) carrying out electrodeposition on the selenium-removed solution after selenium is separated from the precipitate to separate copper; (4) and introducing sulfur dioxide gas into the copper-removed solution after copper is separated out by electrodeposition to perform reduction reaction, thereby obtaining precipitated crude tellurium. According to the method, the technologies of sulfur dioxide step-by-step reduction selenium precipitation and tellurium precipitation are adopted, copper powder is not consumed in the process, the selenium, tellurium and copper separation effect is good, the grades of crude tellurium and crude selenium are high, the production cost can be greatly reduced, the process flow is simplified, and convenience is provided for subsequent fine tellurium preparation.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method of extracting tellurium from copper anode mud relates to from cupric tellurium material and reclaims tellurium, particularly extracts the method for tellurium from copper anode mud.
Background technology
Tellurium belongs to the dissipated metal element, mainly be and symbiosis such as pyrite, chalcopyrite, zink sulphide, form telluride with heavy metal elements such as gold and silver and platinum family element and lead, bismuth, copper, tellurium sulphur (selenium) is changed thing and tellurium oxide compound etc., tellurium mainly is an enriching and recovering in smelting processes such as copper, lead, zinc and precious metal, and wherein the anode sludge of copper, plumbous smelting process output is the most important tellurium enriched substance that contains.Owing to contain higher copper, selenium, tellurium and gold and silver etc. simultaneously usually in the anode sludge, therefore, the technology that reclaims tellurium from the anode sludge is generally complicated.
The key problem in technology that tellurium reclaims is and the separating of impurity element selenium, copper etc.Containing at present the technology that reclaims tellurium in the tellurium ANODE SLIME TREATMENT both at home and abroad mainly contains: sulfurization roasting-alkaline leaching, melting-soda slag method, oxygen are pressed acidleach-copper powder substitution method etc.
It is traditional technology that sulfurization roasting-alkali soaks, adopted by domestic most of producers at present, its basic procedure is " anode sludge-sulfurization roasting is steamed selenium-diluted acid and divided copper-alkali to soak branch tellurium-electrolytic preparation metallic tellurium ", the anode sludge that promptly contains tellurium volatilizees selenium by sulfurization roasting, water or dilute sulphuric acid leach copper from burn slag then, with leaching tellurium the burning slag of sodium hydroxide behind copper removal, obtain sodium tellurite solution again.Leach liquor neutralizes with sulfuric acid, generates thick tellurium oxide precipitation, this throw out again through 1-2 alkali molten-acid neutralization purification, be dissolved in again in the sodium hydroxide solution, carry out the electrolytic preparation metallic tellurium then.Shortcoming is: (1) sulfurization roasting energy consumption is big, and contaminate environment; (2) two sections are leached copper and tellurium, and complex process, and soda acid is used alternatingly causes that reagent consumption increases, waste water is difficult for handling, and is unfavorable for factory's operational administrative; (3) selenium, the tellurium rate of recovery are low.
Melting-soda slag method is to carry out retailoring with containing after the copper anode mud of tellurium and lead anode slurry mix, and makes tellurium and bismuth enter precious metals containing lead, and precious metals containing lead oxidation blowing output contains the bismuth slag of tellurium bismuth.Be that flux is handled the bismuth slag under 1000～1200 ℃ of high temperature with yellow soda ash and iron filings then, can generate thick bismuth, and tellurium enters in the soda slag, will contain that tellurium soda pulp water soaks, the neutralization of leach liquor sulfuric acid, generate thick tellurium oxide; Behind sodium hydroxide solution dissolving, sodium sulphite removal of impurity lead, electrolysis gets metallic tellurium.
Oxygen presses the pollution of acidleach-copper powder substitution method few, be developed recently technology faster, this process using sulfuric acid oxygen straightening connects the leaching anode sludge, tellurium, copper and part selenium enter solution, use copper powder fractional precipitation selenium and tellurium then, be that the first step precipitation selenium obtains the selenizing copper ashes, the second step precipitation tellurium obtains the tellurium copper ashes; The tellurium copper ashes soaks tellurium through acidleach copper-alkali again or alkali soaks operation separating copper, telluriums such as the heavy tellurium of tellurium-acid, last electrolytic preparation metallic tellurium.Shortcoming is: tellurium is through leaching-precipitation repeatedly-leach operation again, complex process, and consume a large amount of copper powders.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the deficiency that exists in the above-mentioned prior art, the method for extracting tellurium from copper anode mud that a kind of technical process is simple, the tellurium rate of recovery is high is provided.
The present invention seeks to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of method of extracting tellurium from copper anode mud is characterized in that the steps in sequence of its process comprises:
(1) copper anode mud is carried out oxygenation, the leaching of pressurization sulfuric acid, copper, tellurium and part selenium are leached;
(2) in leach liquor, add sulfurous gas, precipitate and isolate selenium;
(3) leach liquor that will precipitate and isolate selenium carries out electrodeposition, separates copper;
(4) behind the copper removal of copper, feed sulfurous gas in the liquid at electrical integration and carry out reduction reaction, obtain sedimentary thick tellurium.
Method of the present invention comprises four operations: oxygen is pressed acidleach; Sulfurous gas sinks selenium; The electrodeposition copper removal; Sulfurous gas sinks tellurium.At first adopt oxygen to press sulfuric acid to soak copper anode mud copper, tellurium and part selenium are leached simultaneously, precipitate from leach liquor with sulphur dioxide reduction then and obtain thick selenium.Can realize that on the one hand copper selenium separates, obtain the selenizing copper ashes with respect to the copper powder displacement on the other hand, can be directly as the raw material of smart selenium, simultaneously because of no copper powder consumption, can not increase and sink the copper content in the liquid behind the selenium, thus the reduction subsequent treatment cost.Liquid is because of the copper ion concentration height behind the heavy selenium, if after directly adding hydrochloric acid or muriate, feed the sulphur dioxide reduction precipitation, can only obtain the low copper tellurium slag of tellurium content, not only consume a large amount of sulfur dioxide gas, the low copper tellurium slag of this tellurium content of subsequent disposal is difficult more simultaneously.Therefore the present invention adopts strike will sink behind the selenium copper in the liquid to remove, after adding hydrochloric acid or muriate, feed the sulphur dioxide reduction precipitation and obtain thick tellurium then.Technical process of the present invention is simple, and copper, selenium, tellurium separate fully, can obtain thick selenium and thick tellurium a step, and tellurium rate of recovery height, can reach more than 90%.
A kind of method of from copper anode mud, extracting tellurium of the present invention, it is characterized in that described step (1) is to carry out oxygen to press sulfuric acid to leach in the autoclave device, reaction conditions is: the concentration of sulphuric acid soln is 100-400g/l, and the weight ratio of sulphuric acid soln and copper anode mud is 2-10: 1; Temperature is 120-200 ℃; Keeping the interior oxygen partial pressure pressure of autoclave in the leaching process is 0.1-0.5MPa, and extraction time is 1-8h.
A kind of method of extracting tellurium from copper anode mud of the present invention is characterized in that the weight of described step (2) feeding sulfur dioxide gas in oxygen is pressed leach liquor is 2-5Kg/Kg-selenium, and reduction temperature is 40-90 ℃, and the recovery time is 0.5-4h.
A kind of method of from copper anode mud, extracting tellurium of the present invention, it is characterized in that leach liquor that described step (3) precipitates and isolates selenium carry out the electrodeposition copper removal to copper content less than below the 2g/l.
A kind of method of from copper anode mud, extracting tellurium of the present invention, it is characterized in that described step (4) is to add hydrochloric acid or muriate behind copper removal in the liquid, make chlorion content behind 5-50g/l, feed the heavy tellurium of sulphur dioxide reduction, the amount of sulfur dioxide gas is the 3-7Kg/Kg-tellurium, reduction temperature 40-90 ℃, the recovery time is 0.5-4h.
Method of the present invention, adopt copper, tellurium and part selenium in the oxygen pressure acidleach leaching copper anode mud, existing treatment technology is to adopt copper powder cementation tellurium copper to make the tellurium enrichment again after removing selenium by the copper powder displacement, not only consume a large amount of copper powders (every precipitation 1t tellurium consumes the 2-3t copper powder), and the tellurium enriched substance contains a large amount of copper, separates for follow-up leaching tellurium with tellurium copper and brings difficulty.The present invention adopts sulphur dioxide reduction to obtain thick selenium, liquid is because of the copper ion concentration height behind the heavy selenium, if after directly adding hydrochloric acid or muriate, feeding sulphur dioxide reduction precipitation, can only obtain the very low copper tellurium slag of tellurium content, not only consume a large amount of sulfur dioxide gas, the copper ashes of this very low levels of subsequent disposal tellurium is difficult more simultaneously.Method of the present invention adopts the electrodeposition copper removal, and liquid adopts the heavy tellurium of sulphur dioxide reduction to obtain thick tellurium again behind the copper removal.
By adopting the heavy selenium of sulfurous gas step-by-step reduction, heavy tellurium technology, no copper powder consumption in the technology, selenium, tellurium, copper good separating effect and thick tellurium, thick selenium are of high grade, can significantly reduce production costs, and simplify technical process and prepare the condition that facilitates for follow-up smart tellurium.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of the inventive method.
Embodiment
A kind of method of from copper anode mud, extracting tellurium, its process comprises successively:
(1) with copper anode mud with leach after sulfuric acid, water mix, leach and in the autoclave device, finish, leaching process bubbling air or oxygen in still carry out oxidation, leach and carry out solid-liquid separation after finishing, and obtain the leach liquor of cupric, tellurium and part selenium;
(2) in the leach liquor of above-mentioned cupric, tellurium and part selenium, feed the thick selenium of sulfur dioxide gas precipitate reduction output, obtain liquid behind the heavy selenium after the solid-liquid separation;
(3) solution of gained carries out the electrolytic deposition copper removal behind the above-mentioned heavy selenium, obtains liquid behind the copper removal;
(4) add hydrochloric acid or soluble chloride in the solution behind above-mentioned electrolytic deposition copper removal, feed the heavy tellurium of sulphur dioxide reduction then, obtain thick tellurium after the solid-liquid separation.
Concrete operating process is:
(1) be to leach under the condition of 100～400g/L copper anode mud sulfuric acid concentration in autoclave, aerating oxygen or air carry out the sulfur oxide acidleach and go out in leaching process, the purpose of logical oxygen or air is to utilize oxygen that the copper in the copper anode mud is oxidized to cupric oxide rapidly, make copper can with the sulfuric acid rapid reaction.The weight ratio of control sulphuric acid soln and copper anode mud is 2-10: 1, and extraction temperature is 120 ℃-200 ℃, aerating oxygen or atmospheric oxidation extraction time are 1-8h; Keeping the interior oxygen partial pressure pressure of autoclave in the leaching process is 0.1-0.5MPa.Carry out solid-liquid separation after leaching is finished, obtain the leach liquor of cupric, tellurium and part selenium.
(2) pressing to oxygen and feed the heavy selenium of sulfur dioxide gas reduction in the pickling liquor, is 40-90 ℃ at reduction temperature, and the sulfurous gas consumption is a 2-5Kg/Kg selenium, and the recovery time is that the heavy selenium of reduction obtains thick selenium under the condition of 0.5-4h.
(3) liquid carries out the electrodeposition copper removal behind the heavy selenium, obtain copper content less than the copper removal below the 2g/l after liquid.
(4) behind copper removal, add hydrochloric acid or muriate in the liquid, behind chlorion content 5-50g/l, feed the heavy tellurium of sulfur dioxide gas reduction, at reduction temperature is 40-90 ℃, the sulfurous gas consumption is the 3-7Kg/Kg tellurium, recovery time is that reduction obtains thick tellurium under the condition of 0.5-4h, and thick tellurium grade is greater than 75%.
With following indefiniteness embodiment method of the present invention is further described, helping understanding content of the present invention and advantage thereof, and not as the qualification to protection domain of the present invention.Embodiment adopts copper anode mud to join in the 200g/L sulphuric acid soln, and logical dioxygen oxidation leaches in autoclave, weight ratio 4: 1, and 180 ℃ of extraction temperatures leach 6h, and keeping the interior oxygen partial pressure pressure of autoclave in the leaching process is 0.3MPa.The cupric tellurium leach liquor main component that obtains after the solid-liquid separation under the above-mentioned test conditions sees Table 1.
Table 1 oxygen is pressed the chemical ingredients (g/l) of acidleach leach liquor
| Composition | Te | Se | Cu |
| Leach liquor | 1.43 | 1.74 | 37.2 |
Embodiment 1
Press the heavy selenium of logical sulphur dioxide reduction in the acid leaching liquor to above-mentioned oxygen, 80 ℃ of reduction temperatures, recovery time 4h, sulfurous gas consumption are that the heavy selenium of reduction obtains thick selenium under the condition of 5Kg/Kg selenium, remove liquid selenium content 0.01g/l behind the selenium.Liquid carries out the electrodeposition copper removal again behind the heavy selenium, obtain liquid behind the copper removal of copper content 1g/l, behind copper removal, add hydrochloric acid then in the liquid, at chlorion concentration 30g/l, 75 ℃ of reduction temperatures, recovery time 1h, sulfurous gas consumption are to feed the heavy tellurium of sulfurous gas under the 3Kg/Kg tellurium condition, tellurium content 0.01g/l in the liquid behind the heavy tellurium, thick tellurium grade 86%.
Embodiment 2
Press the heavy selenium of logical sulphur dioxide reduction in the acid leaching liquor to above-mentioned oxygen, 90 ℃ of reduction temperatures, recovery time 3h, sulfurous gas consumption are that the heavy selenium of reduction obtains thick selenium under the condition of 3Kg/Kg selenium, remove liquid selenium content 0.06g/l behind the selenium.Liquid carries out the electrodeposition copper removal again behind the heavy selenium, obtain liquid behind the copper removal of copper content 2g/l, behind copper removal, add sodium-chlor then in the liquid, chlorion concentration is at 10g/l, 80 ℃ of reduction temperatures, recovery time 3h, sulfurous gas consumption are to feed the heavy tellurium of sulfurous gas under the 6Kg/Kg tellurium condition, tellurium content 0.007g/l in the liquid behind the heavy tellurium, thick tellurium grade 84%.
Embodiment 3
Press the heavy selenium of logical sulphur dioxide reduction in the acid leaching liquor to above-mentioned oxygen, 90 ℃ of reduction temperatures, recovery time 0.5h, sulfurous gas consumption are that the heavy selenium of reduction obtains thick selenium under the condition of 4Kg/Kg selenium, remove liquid selenium content 0.1g/l behind the selenium.Liquid carries out the electrodeposition copper removal again behind the heavy selenium, obtain liquid behind the copper removal of copper content 1.5g/l, behind copper removal, add Repone K then in the liquid, chlorion concentration is at 50g/l, 80 ℃ of reduction temperatures, recovery time 0.5h, sulfurous gas consumption are to feed the heavy tellurium of sulfurous gas under the 3Kg/Kg tellurium condition, tellurium content 0.02g/l in the liquid behind the heavy tellurium, thick tellurium grade 75%.
Embodiment 4
Press the heavy selenium of logical sulphur dioxide reduction in the acid leaching liquor to above-mentioned oxygen, 40 ℃ of reduction temperatures, recovery time 4h, sulfurous gas consumption are that the heavy selenium of reduction obtains thick selenium under the condition of 5Kg/Kg selenium, remove liquid selenium content 0.02g/l behind the selenium.Liquid carries out the electrodeposition copper removal again behind the heavy selenium, obtain liquid behind the copper removal of copper content 0.5g/l, behind copper removal, add sodium-chlor then in the liquid, chlorion concentration is at 20g/l, 90 ℃ of reduction temperatures, recovery time 4h, sulfurous gas consumption are to feed the heavy tellurium of sulfurous gas under the 7Kg/Kg tellurium condition, tellurium content 0.035g/l in the liquid behind the heavy tellurium, thick tellurium grade 90%.
Embodiment 5
Press the heavy selenium of logical sulphur dioxide reduction in the acid leaching liquor to above-mentioned oxygen, 60 ℃ of reduction temperatures, recovery time 4h, sulfurous gas consumption are that the heavy selenium of reduction obtains thick selenium under the condition of 2Kg/Kg selenium, remove liquid selenium content 0.25g/l behind the selenium.Liquid carries out the electrodeposition copper removal again behind the heavy selenium, obtain liquid behind the copper removal of copper content 0.4g/l, behind copper removal, add hydrochloric acid then in the liquid, chlorion concentration is at 5g/l, 85 ℃ of reduction temperatures, recovery time 3h, sulfurous gas consumption are to feed the heavy tellurium of sulfurous gas under the 6.5Kg/Kg tellurium condition, tellurium content 0.015g/l in the liquid behind the heavy tellurium, thick tellurium grade 89%.
Embodiment 6
Press the heavy selenium of logical sulphur dioxide reduction in the acid leaching liquor to above-mentioned oxygen, 70 ℃ of reduction temperatures, recovery time 4h, sulfurous gas consumption are that the heavy selenium of reduction obtains thick selenium under the condition of 3Kg/Kg selenium, remove liquid selenium content 0.05g/l behind the selenium.Liquid carries out the electrodeposition copper removal again behind the heavy selenium, obtain liquid behind the copper removal of copper content 0.3g/l, behind copper removal, add hydrochloric acid then in the liquid, chlorion concentration is at 25g/l, 40 ℃ of reduction temperatures, recovery time 2h, sulfurous gas consumption are to feed the heavy tellurium of sulfurous gas under the 4.5Kg/Kg tellurium condition, tellurium content 0.05g/l in the liquid behind the heavy tellurium, thick tellurium grade 92%.
Embodiment 7
Press the heavy selenium of logical sulphur dioxide reduction in the acid leaching liquor to above-mentioned oxygen, 90 ℃ of reduction temperatures, recovery time 4h, sulfurous gas consumption are that the heavy selenium of reduction obtains thick selenium under the condition of 3Kg/Kg selenium, remove liquid selenium content 0.05g/l behind the selenium.Liquid carries out the electrodeposition copper removal again behind the heavy selenium, obtain liquid behind the copper removal of copper content 0.8g/l, behind copper removal, add hydrochloric acid then in the liquid, chlorion concentration is at 45g/l, 70 ℃ of reduction temperatures, recovery time 4h, sulfurous gas consumption are to feed the heavy tellurium of sulfurous gas under the 6.5Kg/Kg tellurium condition, tellurium content 0.007g/l in the liquid behind the heavy tellurium, thick tellurium grade 79%.
Claims (5)
1. method of extracting tellurium from copper anode mud is characterized in that the steps in sequence of its process comprises:
(1) copper anode mud is carried out oxygenation, the leaching of pressurization sulfuric acid, copper, tellurium and part selenium are leached;
(2) in leach liquor, add sulfurous gas, precipitate and isolate selenium;
(3) leach liquor that will precipitate and isolate selenium carries out electrodeposition, separates copper;
(4) behind the copper removal of copper, feed sulfurous gas in the liquid at electrical integration and carry out reduction reaction, obtain sedimentary tellurium.
2. a kind of method of from copper anode mud, extracting tellurium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step (1) is to carry out oxygen to press sulfuric acid to leach in the autoclave device, reaction conditions is: the concentration of sulphuric acid soln is 100-400g/l, and the weight ratio of the sulphuric acid soln and the anode sludge is 2-10: 1; Temperature is 120-200 ℃; Keeping the interior oxygen partial pressure pressure of autoclave in the leaching process is 0.1-0.5MPa, and extraction time is 1-8h.
3. a kind of method of from copper anode mud, extracting tellurium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step (2) feeds the heavy selenium of sulfur dioxide gas reduction in oxygen is pressed leach liquor, the sulfur dioxide gas add-on is a 2-5Kg/Kg-selenium, reduction temperature is 40-90 ℃, and the recovery time is 0.5-4h.
4. a kind of method of from copper anode mud, extracting tellurium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that leach liquor that described step (3) precipitates and isolates selenium carry out the electrodeposition copper removal to copper content less than below the 2g/l.
5. a kind of method of from copper anode mud, extracting tellurium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step (4) is to add hydrochloric acid or muriate behind copper removal in the liquid, make chlorion content behind 5-50g/l, feed the heavy tellurium of sulfur dioxide gas reduction, the sulfurous gas add-on is the 3-7Kg/Kg-tellurium, reduction temperature 40-90 ℃, the recovery time is 0.5-4h.
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