CN102219575B - Industrial method for producing bio-fertilizer inoculant by utilizing decayed cow dung as raw material - Google Patents
Industrial method for producing bio-fertilizer inoculant by utilizing decayed cow dung as raw material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an industrial method for a bio-fertilizer inoculant by utilizing decayed cow dung as a raw material. The method comprises the following steps: proportioning, sterilizing, fermenting, drying and coating, wherein in the proportioning step, 20-70 parts by weight of decayed cow dung, 20-80 parts by weight of field soil, 2-10 parts by weight of rice bran, 2-10 parts by weight of bean pulp and 0-5 parts by weight of talcum powder are mixed; the pH value is regulated to 6.5-7.5 by using quick lime; and water the weight of which is 30-40% of the total weight of the raw materials is added, and then the materials are stirred evenly. The method has the advantages of wide raw material sources and less harsh fermentation conditions, thus being beneficial to industrial production on large scale. In the fermentation production process, no waste liquid is generated, and various wastes can be utilized, thereby meeting development of sustainable agriculture. The inoculant produced by using the method can be widely applied to various aspects and has an effect of obviously increasing the yield and quality of agricultural products.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agro-ecology fertilizer production technology field, the cow dung that relates to becoming thoroughly decomposed is the commercial run of raw material production biofertilizer inoculation agent.
Technical background
The harm that has brought to environment for the usage quantity that reduces chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.Along with the enhancing of environmental consciousness, both at home and abroad all in the develop actively green agriculture.Many countries in Europe generally use bio-feritlizer, and its bio-feritlizer uses and reached 45%～60% of agricultural fertilizer, and the U.S. uses bio-feritlizer to reach 60%～70% of agricultural fertilizer.Bio-feritlizer, the soil organic nutrient is effectively replenished, and the fertile water retention capacity of the guarantor that can improve soil, reducing soil compaction desertifies, be the effective measure that promote agricultural production and income and improve agricultural product quality, therefore, development of new efficiently bio-feritlizer be current agrotechnical development trend.
Bio-feritlizer not only can replenish the deficiency of the source of manure, and might classify green food as and enter commodity market with fertilizer, becomes emerging " pollution-free industry ", performance its due economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits in agriculture production.
Existing more than 70 individual countries produce, use and promote bio-feritlizer in the world at present, and China also has the about few hundred thousand tonnes of bio-feritlizer of 250 tame enterprises' annual outputs to be applied to produce at present.Though this with the same period fertilizer production can not compare with consumption, really begun in agriculture production, to play a role, obtained certain economic benefits and social effect.There is the bacterial classification production system of oneself in the enterprise that technical force is strong, and product also can arrive guarantee.But mostly the production of bio-feritlizer is the mode of the recycling of employing Biological resources, as the fertilizer processing of municipal wastes, and the recycling of agricultural wastes, the form of the utilization of organic waste discharge thing is produced fertilizer in the industry.In most cases gather materials on the spot, produce on the spot, on the spot the method for Ying Yonging.Therefore the organic fertilizer production mode of this diversification just needs the microbial strains of a large amount of functional stable long preservative periods.Just must set up the perfect factory of technology and equipment produces various special microorganisms (inoculum agent) and is supplied in composting plant (field), again various husbandry materials are carried out composting, to accelerate its fermenting process, shorten composting period, also improve compost quality and ripening degree simultaneously.Bacterial classification is protected, and adds the perfect organic fertilizer production technology of promoting.The quality of bio-feritlizer also can be guaranteed.
At present, China's microbial fertilizer processing industry is very backward, is simply equipped, and technology imperfection and quality mind are not strong.There are many quality problems in many microbial fertilizers.Microbial fertilizer processing industry is first line of microbial fertilizer industrialized development, has only processing industry developed, and the microbial fertilizer of a large amount of high-qualitys could be provided for market.Development microbial fertilizer processing industry must be adopted advanced production technique and equipment and improve quality control system and workforce that technical force is stronger.From domestic many enterprises, adopt the fermentation equipment of standard to produce the technical requirements that the liquid inoculation agent generally can both reach standard code.But use existing equipment to produce the micro organism composite fertilizer that conforms to quality requirements, then difficulty is very big.Special-purpose micro organism composite fertilizer production unit mainly comprises fermentation equipment, granulating equipment and drying plant etc.Have only the extensive employing of specific equipment, could promote China's microbial fertilizer industrialization level.
At present, the microbial inoculant of using in agricultural has the Inoculant of single culture and compound microbial inoculant.Microbial inoculant can directly be manured into soil or be inoculated in plant rhizosphere as seed dressing in agriculture production, can also be composite in various fertilizer.Usually, be called microbial fertilizer (claiming bacterial manure again) by microorganism and various organic fermentation or the fertilizer that is mixed and made into, also have products such as the biological organic fertilizer made by the microbial inoculant inoculation or compound organic and inorganic fertilizer simultaneously.Because according to stronger selectivity is arranged between beneficial microorganism and crop, envrionment conditions is also had certain requirement, so all kinds of Inoculant all should have series product, could satisfy the demand of different areas Different Crop.
According to plant rhizosphere microbe ecological Studies and application and development trend thereof, microbial inoculant is inevitable to be changed to composite bacteria by single culture.During this transfer, at first no longer merely pursue the raising of nutritive element level of supply, and to realize simultaneously multi-functional, as disease-resistant, keep away worm etc.5406 bacterial classifications are a kind of traditional zymophytes, can strengthen the resistance against diseases of crop, reduce the use of chemical pesticide, and by comparison, now the composite bacteria of using has been owing to brought into play reciprocal, collaborative, symbiosis, reinforcement or coordination effect, so the performance of bacterial classification is further improved.Secondly the microbial inoculant of composite bacteria has prolonged the survival time of functional microorganism in soil, and the time of microbial survival is more long, and the lasting period of microbial fertilizer is more long.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the above-mentioned deficiency at prior art, providing a kind of is the commercial run of raw material production biofertilizer inoculation agent with the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Be the commercial run of raw material production biofertilizer inoculation agent with the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, comprise batching, sterilization, fermentation, granulation, drying, coating steps, described batching step is with cow dung 20～70 weight parts that become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 20～80 weight parts, rice bran 2～10 weight parts, dregs of beans 2～10 weight parts, talcum powder 0～5 weight part mixes, regulate pH value to 6.5～7.5 with unslaked lime, add the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 30～40%, stir.
The consumption of the described cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, field soil, rice bran, dregs of beans, talcum powder, unslaked lime and water is different according to the type of fermented bacterium, adopts different ratios to add in the spice jar.
Described fermented bacterium is genus bacillus or actinomycetes.
Described genus bacillus is selected from one or more in subtilis, bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus or the fixed nitrogen series bacillus; Described actinomycetes are selected from streptomyces microflavus and/or Jingyang streptomycete.
When described fermented bacterium is genus bacillus, the material rate that described batching step adopts is: cow dung 60～70 weight parts become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 20～30 weight parts, rice bran 2～10 weight parts, dregs of beans 2～10 weight parts, talcum powder 0～2 weight part, regulating the pH value with unslaked lime is 6.0～6.5, adds the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 30～40wt%; When described fermented bacterium is actinomycetes, the material rate that described batching step adopts is: cow dung 20～50 weight parts become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 30～70 weight parts, rice bran 8～10 weight parts, dregs of beans 2～10 weight parts, talcum powder is 0～2 weight part, and regulating the pH value with unslaked lime is 7.0～7.5, adds the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 30～32wt%.
The inoculation total amount of bacterial classification is 15～25wt% of sterilization solid medium gross weight in the described fermentation step, and leavening temperature is 28～33 ℃.
When fermented bacterium was genus bacillus, the fermentation rotating speed was 45～55r/min in the described fermentation step, and fermentation time is 1～2 day, fermentation ends sampling Detection thalline quantity, and thalline quantity remains on 10
8More than the cfu/g; When described fermented bacterium was actinomycetes, the fermentation rotating speed was 25～35r/min, and fermentation time is 3～5 days, fermentation ends sampling Detection thalline quantity, and thalline quantity remains on 10
8More than the cfu/g.
Described granulation particle diameter is 2.5～4.0mm; The bake out temperature of described baking step is 35～45 ℃, and particle is dried to constant weight; Described granulation step and baking step can carry out successively, also can the oven dry of granulation limit, limit.
Described coating steps adopts spray coating, coating liquid is the mixed aqueous solution that contains polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, wherein the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 2～3: 1, and the quality of aqueous solvent is polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone total mass 1400～1500 times.
The described cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed is fully to become thoroughly decomposed by the meal of pulverizing through 60～70 ℃ of compostings or the short rotten microorganism of adding; The Tian Tuwei farmland is the soil of 25～35cm at the middle and upper levels, crosses 30 mesh sieves.
The used bacterial classification of the present invention reference culture with function that the Ministry of Agriculture of producing microbial fertilizer is assert of making a living.Every sample bacterial classification is according to its characteristic and cultivate requirement, in strict accordance with microbiological experimental technique with Ministry of Agriculture's microorganism manure strain requires to carry out rejuvenation of spawn and bacterial classification expands numerous.
The proportion scale of the every class strain fermentation of the present invention is the screening method through the industrial fermentation substratum, adopts one-factor experiment to find out the method for optimum nitrogen source and the optimum carbon source of strain fermentation earlier, the material composition of optimization fermentation; Find out various proportion of raw materials by orthogonal test and quadrature analysis again, the thalline quantity of comprehensive fermentation and raw materials cost and fermentation raw material proportioning and the fermentation condition of producing activity (short living and antibacterial) above-mentioned two quasi-microorganisms of optimization of Inoculant.
The bacterial classification detection method of fermentation material is according to the detection method operation of stipulating in Ministry of Agriculture's microbial fertilizer standard.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) the present invention is that raw material passes through fermention medium and Optimizing Conditions of Fermentation are produced biofertilizer inoculation agent with the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and the products obtained therefrom microorganism viable bacteria number is many, and thalline is active high, and the active hold-time of thalline reaches 2-3.
(2) the raw materials used wide material sources of the inventive method are cheap, and fermentation condition is not harsh, are easy to control, are conducive to large-scale industrialization production.
(3) fermentation production process does not produce waste liquid, no discharging of waste liquid and problem of environmental pollution, and can take full advantage of the waste of various organic matters, meet the development of sustainable agriculture.
(4) Inoculant of the inventive method production is of many uses, can directly apply to farm crop, can be used as Inoculant again and produces various types of biological organic fertilizers, is significantly increased the effect of agricultural output and quality, and can prevents the generation of Plant diseases.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, be the techniqueflow chart of raw material production biofertilizer inoculation agent commercial run with the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete preparation embodiment and Application Example, and comparable data is described the present invention in further detail.Should be understood that these embodiment just in order to demonstrate the invention, but not limit the scope of the invention by any way.
In following embodiment, the various processes of Xiang Ximiaoshuing and method are not ordinary methods as known in the art.
The production of embodiment 1 subtilis disease prevention growth-promoting Inoculant
(1) subtilis (the Bacillus subtilis that learns from else's experience and purificate and rejuvenate; Available from the ACCC10167 of Chinese agriculture DSMZ) slant strains, be inoculated in the triangular flask 31 ℃ respectively, rotating speed is 50r/min, fermentation 48h makes seed liquor, is first class inoculum; First class inoculum is inoculated into fermentation 48h in the liquid fermentation tank (two types of conventional thermal-insulating type liquid fermentation tank 70L and 250L), is second class inoculum.Seed liquid fermentating formula is: extractum carnis 0.3%, peptone 1.0%, sodium-chlor 0.5%, natural pH value.
(2) cow dung 70 weight parts that become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 20 weight parts, rice bran 2 weight parts, dregs of beans 8 weight parts, transferring the pH value of spice with unslaked lime is 6.5, adds the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 40%, stirs, and feeds steam more than 100 ℃, 2h sterilizes.
(3) second class inoculum in (1) is inserted in the sterilization solid medium in (2) according to the inoculum size of the 20wt% of sterilization solid medium gross weight in (2).
(4) leavening temperature is 31 ℃, and rotating speed is 50r/min, ferments 2 days; Fermentation ends sampling Detection thalline quantity, thalline quantity remains on 10
8More than the cfu/g.
(5) be up to the standards bacterium material carries out granulation, and the gained grain diameter is 2.5-4.0mm.
(6) the bacterial classification particle of Zhi Zaoing changes drying baker over to, and bake out temperature is 40 ℃, and air blast is dried to constant weight.
(7) in the rotary furnace drying case, spray into coating liquid and carry out spray coating, coating liquid is the mixed aqueous solution that contains polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, wherein the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 3: 1, and the quality of aqueous solvent is polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone total mass 1500 times.Coated granules can be preserved the active 2-3 of bacterial classification under the condition of drying.
(8) but the granule type Inoculant direct inoculation of producing to plant rhizosphere, usage quantity is 5Kg/ mu, can promote plant-growth, the environment of improving the soil prevents plant soil-borne diseases.
(9) the granule type Inoculant of Sheng Chaning can be inoculated in the biological organic fertilizer (cow dung of namely becoming thoroughly decomposed), generally ferments at biological organic fertilizer and finishes to subordinate phase, and water content began to protect fertile stage use at 30% o'clock, and measurement index is that compost temperature drops to about 40 ℃.Inoculum size is every cubic metre of compost inoculation 15-20g, stirs, and fermentation reactor system, leavening temperature are 30-20 ℃, fermentation time 2-5 days.Sampling Detection genus bacillus quantity is 10
6More than the cfu/g, namely get functional organic fertilizer.The functional organic fertilizer usage quantity that this technology is produced is 25-50Kg/ mu, is significantly increased the effect of agricultural output and quality, can improve the environment of soil compaction, and the prevention Plant diseases takes place.
(10) short the giving birth to of subtilis Inoculant and functional organic fertilizer tested: soil is adorned flowerpot after sterilizing, every basin dress 200g field soil, admix the Inoculant of 4g present embodiment preparation and 4g functional organic fertilizer respectively as base fertilizer, the capsicum seedling of 2～3 leaf phases of transplanting, every basin 4 young plants, every processing 9 basins, 3 repetitions, establishing batching and the blank of not admixing bacterial classification before Inoculant ferments is to contrast.Cultivate in the greenhouse, measure capsicum seedling plant height behind the 25d, root is long, and fresh weight and dry weight are calculated the dry weight increment rate.The short fruit of coming into force sees Table 1.
Dry weight increment rate=(processing-blank)/blank * 100%.
The fertilizer of table 1 subtilis Inoculant and production is to the short fruit of coming into force of potted plant capsicum seedling
Annotate: the same letter of same column is represented S-N-K check difference not remarkable (P＞0.05).
(11) the fertilizer diseases prevention of subtilis Inoculant and production experiment: test design comprises that with (10) each design contrast all establishes the inoculation pathogenic bacteria and do not inoculate the processing of pathogenic bacteria.Hinder root method inoculation Phytophthora capsici spore suspension after planting seedling 20d, every strain meets 1mL, and 25～28 ℃ of 14d " Invest, Then Investigate " incidences of preserving moisture calculate disease index, sickness rate and prevention effect.Phytophthora capsici disease incidence grade scale on the capsicum seedling see reference document (Geng San economizes for Mao Aijun, Hu Qia. phytophthora blight of pepper inoculation authenticate technology research [J]. Beijing agricultural sciences, 1998,16 (2): 21-24).Disease index, sickness rate and prevention effect are calculated as follows:
Disease index=[∑ (sick level strain number * represent numerical value)/(the representative numerical value of the heavy duty of summation * fall ill is counted in strain)] * 100
Summation * 100 are counted in sickness rate (%)=morbidity strain number/strain
Prevention effect (%)=[(check plot disease index-treatment zone disease index)/check plot disease index] * 100
Protection effect sees Table 2.
The fertilizer of table 2 subtilis Inoculant and production is to the prevention effect of Phytophthora capsici disease
The production of embodiment 2 phosphorus decomposing quasi-microorganism Inoculants
(1) bacillus megaterium (the Bacillus megaterium that learns from else's experience and purificate and rejuvenate; The source Chinese agriculture ACCC10010 of DSMZ) slant strains is inoculated in the triangular flask 31 ℃ respectively, and rotating speed is 50r/min, and fermentation 48h makes seed liquor, is first class inoculum; First class inoculum is inoculated into fermentation cylinder for fermentation 48h, is second class inoculum.Seed liquid fermentating formula is: extractum carnis 0.3%, peptone 1.0%, sodium-chlor 0.5%, natural pH value.
(2) cow dung 65 weight parts that become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 25 weight parts, rice bran 2 weight parts, dregs of beans 8 weight parts, transferring the pH value of spice with unslaked lime is 6.0, adds the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 40%, mixes evenly, feeds steam more than 100 ℃, 2h sterilizes.
(3) second class inoculum in (1) is inserted in the sterilization solid medium in (2) according to the inoculum size of the 20wt% of sterilization solid medium gross weight in (2).
(4) leavening temperature is 31 ℃, and rotating speed is 50r/min, ferments 2 days; Fermentation ends sampling Detection thalline quantity, thalline quantity remains on 10
8More than the cfu/g.
(5) be up to the standards bacterium material carries out granulation, and the gained grain diameter is 2.5-4.0mm.
(6) the bacterial classification particle of Zhi Zaoing changes drying baker over to, and bake out temperature is 40 ℃, and air blast is dried to constant weight.
(7) spraying into coating liquid carries out spraying into oven dry again behind the coating liquid after spray coating or the oven dry, coating liquid is the mixed aqueous solution that contains polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, wherein the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 3: 1, and the quality of aqueous solvent is polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone total mass 1500 times.Coated granules can be preserved the active 2-3 of bacterial classification under the condition of drying.
(8) but the granule type Inoculant direct inoculation of producing to plant rhizosphere, usage quantity is 5Kg/ mu, can promote plant-growth, the environment of improving the soil prevents plant soil-borne diseases.
(9) the granule type Inoculant of Sheng Chaning can be inoculated in the biological organic fertilizer (cow dung of namely becoming thoroughly decomposed), generally ferments at biological organic fertilizer and finishes to subordinate phase.Water content began to protect fertile stage use at 30% o'clock.Measurement index is that compost temperature drops to about 40 ℃.Inoculum size is every cubic metre of compost inoculation 15-20g, stirs, and fermentation reactor system, leavening temperature are 25-30 ℃, fermentation time 3 days.Sampling Detection genus bacillus quantity is 10
6More than the cfu/g, namely get functional organic fertilizer.The fertilizer usage quantity that this technology is produced is 25-50Kg/ mu, is significantly increased the effect of agricultural output and quality, can improve the environment of soil compaction, and the prevention Plant diseases takes place.
The production of embodiment 3 silicate microbial inoculants
(1) Bacillus mucilaginosus (the Bacillus mucilaginosus that learns from else's experience and purificate and rejuvenate; The source Chinese agriculture ACCC10013 of DSMZ) slant strains is inoculated into respectively that 31 ℃ of fermentation 48h make seed liquor in the triangular flask, is first class inoculum; First class inoculum is inoculated into fermentation cylinder for fermentation 48h, is second class inoculum.Seed liquid fermentating formula is: extractum carnis 0.3%, peptone 1.0%, sodium-chlor 0.5%, calcium carbonate 0.1%, natural pH value.
(2) cow dung 60 weight parts that become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 25 weight parts, rice bran 5 weight parts, dregs of beans 8 weight parts, talcum powder 2 weight parts, transferring the pH value of spice with unslaked lime is 6.0, adds the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 40%, stir, feed steam more than 100 ℃, sterilization 2h.
(3) second class inoculum in (1) is inserted in the sterilization solid medium in (2) according to the inoculum size of the 20wt% of sterilization solid medium gross weight in (2).
(4) leavening temperature is 31 ℃, and rotating speed is 50r/min, ferments 2.5 days; Fermentation ends sampling Detection thalline quantity, thalline quantity remains on 10
8More than the cfu/g.
(5) be up to the standards bacterium material carries out granulation, and the gained grain diameter is 2.5-4.0mm.
(6) the bacterial classification particle of Zhi Zaoing changes drying baker over to, and bake out temperature is 40 ℃, and air blast is dried to constant weight.
(7) in the rotary furnace drying case, spray into coating liquid and carry out spray coating, coating liquid is the mixed aqueous solution that contains polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, wherein the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 3: 1, and the quality of aqueous solvent is polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone total mass 1500 times.Coated granules can be preserved the active 2-3 of bacterial classification under the condition of drying.
(8) but the granule type Inoculant direct inoculation of producing to plant rhizosphere, usage quantity is 5Kg/ mu, can promote plant-growth, the environment of improving the soil.
(9) the granule type Inoculant of Sheng Chaning can be inoculated in the biological organic fertilizer (cow dung of namely becoming thoroughly decomposed), generally ferments at biological organic fertilizer and finishes to subordinate phase.Water content began to protect fertile stage use at 30% o'clock, and measurement index is that compost temperature drops to about 40 ℃.Inoculum size is every cubic metre of compost inoculation 15-20g, stirs, and fermentation reactor system, leavening temperature are 25-30 ℃, fermentation time 3 days.Sampling Detection genus bacillus quantity is 10
6More than the cfu/g, namely get functional organic fertilizer.The fertilizer usage quantity that this technology is produced is 25-50Kg/ mu, is significantly increased the effect of agricultural output and quality, can improve the environment of soil compaction.The production of embodiment 4 disease prevention growth-promoting actinomadura roseorufa micro organisms Inoculants
(1) streptomyces microflavus (the Streptomyces microflavus that learns from else's experience and purificate and rejuvenate; The source Chinese agriculture ACCC40027 of DSMZ) slant strains is inoculated into respectively that 31 ℃ of fermentation 48h make seed liquor in the triangular flask, is first class inoculum; First class inoculum is inoculated into fermentation cylinder for fermentation 48h, is second class inoculum.Seed fermentation prescription: Zulkovsky starch 2.0%, saltpetre 0.1%, sodium-chlor 0.01%, sal epsom 0.5%, potassium primary phosphate 0.5%, pH7.5.
(2) cow dung 20 weight parts that become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 70 weight parts, rice bran 8 weight parts, dregs of beans 4 weight parts, talcum powder 2 weight parts, transferring the pH value of spice with unslaked lime is 7.5, adds the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 30%, stir, feed steam more than 100 ℃, sterilization 2h.
(3) second class inoculum in (1) is inserted in the sterilization solid medium in (2) according to the inoculum size of the 20wt% of sterilization solid medium gross weight in (2).
(4) leavening temperature is 31 ℃, and rotating speed is 30r/min, ferments 5 days; Fermentation ends sampling Detection thalline quantity, thalline quantity remains on 10
8More than the cfu/g.
(5) be up to the standards bacterium material carries out granulation, and the gained grain diameter is 2.5-4.0mm.
(6) the bacterial classification particle of Zhi Zaoing changes drying baker over to, and bake out temperature is 40 ℃, and air blast is dried to constant weight.
(7) in the rotary furnace drying case, spray into coating liquid and carry out spray coating, coating liquid is the mixed aqueous solution that contains polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, wherein the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 3: 1, and the quality of aqueous solvent is polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone total mass 1500 times.Coated granules can be preserved the active 2-3 of bacterial classification under the condition of drying.
(8) but the granule type Inoculant direct inoculation of producing to plant rhizosphere, usage quantity is 5Kg/ mu, can promote plant-growth, the environment of improving the soil, prevention plant soil-borne diseases, minimizing agricultural chemicals usage quantity.
(9) the granule type Inoculant of Sheng Chaning can be inoculated in the biological organic fertilizer (cow dung of namely becoming thoroughly decomposed), generally ferments at biological organic fertilizer and finishes to subordinate phase.Water content began to protect fertile stage use at 30% o'clock, and measurement index is that compost temperature drops to about 40 ℃.Inoculum size is every cubic metre of compost inoculation 15-20g, stirs, and fermentation reactor system, leavening temperature are 38-35 ℃, fermentation time 5 days.Sampling Detection thalline quantity is 10
6More than the cfu/g, namely get functional organic fertilizer.The fertilizer usage quantity that this technology is produced is 25-50Kg/ mu, is significantly increased the effect of agricultural output and quality, the generation of pre-disease prevention.
(10) short giving birth to tested: soil is adorned flowerpot after sterilizing, every basin dress 200g field soil, and according to 10 ‰, 5 ‰, three ratios of 1 ‰ are admixed Inoculant as base fertilizer, the cucumber seeds that the sowing germination is intact, 4 in every basin, every processing 9 basins, 3 repetitions are established and are not admixed the Inoculant blank for contrasting.Cultivate in the greenhouse, measure the cucumber seedling plant height behind the 25d, root is long, and fresh weight and dry weight are calculated the dry weight increment rate.Dry weight increment rate=(processing-blank)/blank * 100%.The short fruit of coming into force sees Table 3.
Table 3 streptomyces microflavus Inoculant various dose is to the influence of cucumber seedling growth
Annotate: the same letter of same column is represented S-N-K check difference not remarkable (P＞0.05).
(11) protection effect: test method is with (11) among the embodiment 1, and protection effect sees Table 4.
Table 4 streptomyces microflavus Inoculant and functional organic fertilizer are to the protection effect of inoculation Phytophthora capsici
The short production of giving birth to microbial inoculant of embodiment 5 fixed nitrogen
(1) fixed nitrogen series bacillus (the Paenibacillus azotofixans that learns from else's experience and purificate and rejuvenate; The source Chinese agriculture ACCC11008 of DSMZ) slant strains is inoculated in the triangular flask 31 ℃ respectively, 50r/min, and fermentation 48h makes seed liquor, is first class inoculum; First class inoculum is inoculated into fermentation cylinder for fermentation 48h, is second class inoculum.Seed fermentation prescription: N.F,USP MANNITOL 2.0%, potassium primary phosphate 0.05%, sal epsom 0.02%, sodium-chlor 0.02%, copper sulfate 0.01, calcium carbonate 0.5%, calcium sulfate 0.01%.pH7.0。
(2) cow dung 40 weight parts that become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 50 weight parts, rice bran 8 weight parts, dregs of beans 3 weight parts, talcum powder 2 weight parts, transferring the pH value of spice with unslaked lime is 6.5, adds the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 30%, stir, feed steam more than 100 ℃, sterilization 2h.
(3) second class inoculum in (1) is inserted in the sterilization solid medium in (2) according to the inoculum size of the 20wt% of sterilization solid medium gross weight in (2).
(4) rotation fermentation, leavening temperature is 31 ℃, and rotating speed is 50r/min, and fermentation time is 2 days; Fermentation ends sampling Detection thalline quantity, thalline quantity remains on 10
8More than the cfu/g.
(5) be up to the standards bacterium material carries out granulation, and the gained grain diameter is 2.5-4.0mm.
(6) the bacterial classification particle of Zhi Zaoing changes drying baker over to, and bake out temperature is 40 ℃, and air blast is dried to constant weight.
(7) in the rotary furnace drying case, spray into coating liquid and carry out spray coating, coating liquid is the mixed aqueous solution that contains polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, wherein the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 3: 1, and the quality of aqueous solvent is polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone total mass 1500 times.Coated granules can be preserved the active 2-3 of bacterial classification under the condition of drying.
(8) but the granule type Inoculant direct inoculation of producing to plant rhizosphere, usage quantity is 5Kg/ mu, can promote plant-growth, the environment of improving the soil, minimizing chemical fertilizer usage quantity.
(9) the granule type Inoculant of Sheng Chaning can be inoculated in the biological organic fertilizer (cow dung of namely becoming thoroughly decomposed), generally ferments at biological organic fertilizer and finishes to subordinate phase.Water content began to protect fertile stage use at 30% o'clock, and measurement index is that compost temperature drops to about 40 ℃.Inoculum size is every cubic metre of compost inoculation 15-20g, stirs, and fermentation reactor system, leavening temperature are 25-30 ℃, fermentation time 3 days.Sampling Detection genus bacillus quantity is 10
6More than the cfu/g, namely get functional organic fertilizer.The fertilizer usage quantity that this technology is produced is 25-50Kg/ mu, is significantly increased the effect of agricultural output and quality.The short production of giving birth to microbial inoculant of embodiment 6 association nitrogen fixations
(1) Jingyang streptomycete (the streptomyces jingyangensis that learns from else's experience and purificate and rejuvenate; The source Chinese agriculture ACCC40021 of DSMZ) slant strains is inoculated in the triangular flask 28 ℃ respectively, and 30r/min ferments and made seed liquor in 4 days, is first class inoculum; First class inoculum was inoculated into fermentation cylinder for fermentation 5 days, was second class inoculum.Seed fermentation culture medium prescription: analysis for soybean powder 2%, peptone 0.5%, Zulkovsky starch 2%, glucose 0.5%, sodium-chlor 0.1%, Sodium phosphate dibasic 0.025%, sal epsom 0.025%.Calcium carbonate 0.5%, pH7.5.
(2) cow dung 45 weight parts that become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 45 weight parts, rice bran 8 weight parts, dregs of beans 6 weight parts, talcum powder 2 weight parts, transferring the pH value of spice with unslaked lime is 7.0, adds the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 30%, stir, feed steam more than 100 ℃, sterilization 2h.
(3) with the second class inoculum in (1) according to sterilization solid medium gross weight in (2), the inoculum size of 25wt% inserts in the sterilization solid medium in (2).
(4) rotation fermentation, leavening temperature is 28 ℃, and rotating speed is 30r/min, and fermentation time is 5 days; Fermentation ends sampling Detection thalline quantity, thalline quantity remains on 10
8More than the cfu/g.
(5) in the rotary furnace drying case, spray into coating liquid and carry out spray coating, coating liquid is the mixed aqueous solution that contains polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, wherein the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 3: 1, and the quality of aqueous solvent is polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone total mass 1500 times.Coated granules can be preserved the active 2-3 of bacterial classification under the condition of drying.
(6) but the granule type Inoculant direct inoculation of producing to plant rhizosphere, usage quantity is 5Kg/ mu, can promote plant-growth, the environment of improving the soil, minimizing chemical fertilizer usage quantity.
(7) the granule type Inoculant of Sheng Chaning can be inoculated in the biological organic fertilizer (cow dung of namely becoming thoroughly decomposed), generally ferments to subordinate phase at biological organic fertilizer.Water content began to protect fertile stage use at 30% o'clock.Inoculum size is every cubic metre of compost inoculation 15-20g, stirs, and fermentation reactor system, leavening temperature are 25-30 ℃, fermentation time 3 days.Sampling Detection thalline quantity is 10
6More than the cfu/g, namely get functional organic fertilizer.The fertilizer usage quantity that this technology is produced is 25-50Kg/ mu, is significantly increased the effect of agricultural output and quality, reduces the usage quantity of nitrogenous fertilizer.
The production of embodiment 7 disease prevention growth-promoting composite microbial inoculant agent (bacterium and actinomycetes mixed type)
(1) streptomyces microflavus (the Streptomyces microflavus that learns from else's experience and purificate and rejuvenate; The Chinese agriculture ACCC40027 of DSMZ originates) and subtilis (Bacillus subtilis; The source Chinese agriculture ACCC10167 of DSMZ) slant strains is inoculated into respectively in the triangular flask, 31 ℃ of streptomyces microflavus, and 30r/min fermented 4 days, and 31 ℃ of fermentations of subtilis were made seed liquor in 2 days, were first class inoculum; First class inoculum is inoculated in the fermentor tank streptomyces microflavus fermentation 5 days, and fermentation of bacillus subtilis 2 days is second class inoculum.
(2) streptomyces microflavus substratum: cow dung 40 weight parts become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 50 weight parts, rice bran 8 weight parts, talcum powder 2 weight parts, dregs of beans 4 weight parts, transferring the pH value of spice with unslaked lime is 7.5, add the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 30%, mix evenly, feed steam more than 100 ℃, sterilization 2h.
Inoculum size according to the 20wt% of this sterilization solid medium gross weight inserts the streptomyces microflavus second class inoculum to this solid medium.31 ℃, 30r/min fermentation 5 days, fermentation ends sampling Detection thalline quantity, thalline quantity remains on 10
8More than the cfu/g.
(3) bacillus subtilis bacterium culture medium: cow dung 70 weight parts that become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 20 weight parts, rice bran 2 weight parts, dregs of beans 8 weight parts, transferring the pH value of spice with unslaked lime is 6.5, adds the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 40%, stir, feed steam more than 100 ℃, sterilization 2h.
Inoculum size according to the 20wt% of this sterilization solid medium gross weight inserts the subtilis second class inoculum to this solid medium.31 ℃, 50r/min fermentation 2 days, fermentation ends sampling Detection thalline quantity, thalline quantity remains on 10
8More than the cfu/g.
(4) be up to the standards bacterium material changes in the spice jar, and two kinds of fermentation material were according to 1: 1 volume ratio mixing granulation (particle diameter 2.5-4.0mm).
(5) in the rotary furnace drying case, spray into coating liquid and carry out spray coating, coating liquid is the mixed aqueous solution that contains polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, wherein the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 3: 1, and the quality of aqueous solvent is polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone total mass 1500 times.Coated granules can be preserved the active 2-3 of bacterial classification under the condition of drying.
(7) but the granule type Inoculant direct inoculation of producing to plant rhizosphere, usage quantity is 5Kg/ mu, can promote plant-growth, the environment of improving the soil, the generation of minimizing soil-borne disease.
(8) the granule type Inoculant of Sheng Chaning can be inoculated in the biological organic fertilizer (cow dung of namely becoming thoroughly decomposed), generally ferments to subordinate phase at biological organic fertilizer.Water content began to protect fertile stage use at 30% o'clock, and measurement index is that compost temperature drops to about 40 ℃.Inoculum size is every cubic metre of compost inoculation 15-20g, stirs, and fermentation reactor system, leavening temperature are 28-30 ℃, fermentation time 5 days.The every sample microbial cells of sampling Detection quantity is 10
6More than the cfu/g, namely get functional organic fertilizer.The fertilizer usage quantity that this technology is produced is 25-50Kg/ mu, is significantly increased the effect of agricultural output and quality, prevention Plant diseases, the usage quantity of minimizing agricultural chemicals.
(9) the short fruit of coming into force: A (the composite microbial inoculant agent that present embodiment is produced), B (Inoculant that only contains subtilis that embodiment 1 produces) and three kinds of microbial inoculums of C (Inoculant that only contains streptomyces microflavus that embodiment 4 produces) are admixed dress flowerpot in back in the disinfection soil according to 2% amount respectively, capsicum (or tomato) seedling of 2～3 leaf phases of transplanting, every basin 4 young plants, every processing 6 basins, repeat for 3 times, if it is blank for contrasting, cultivate in the greenhouse, measure capsicum (or tomato) seedling plant height behind the 25d, root is long, fresh weight and dry weight.The short fruit of coming into force to capsicum sees Table 5; The short fruit of coming into force to tomato sees Table 6.
Table 5 composite fungus agent is to the short fruit of coming into force of capsicum
Table 6 composite fungus agent is to the short fruit of coming into force of tomato
Annotate: the same letter of same column is represented S-N-K check difference not remarkable (P＞0.05).
The production (bacterium and bacterium mixed type) of embodiment 8 disease prevention growth-promoting fixed nitrogen composite microbial inoculant agent
(1) fixed nitrogen series bacillus (the Paenibacillus azotofixans that learns from else's experience and purificate and rejuvenate; The Chinese agriculture ACCC11008 of DSMZ originates) and subtilis (Bacillus subtilis; The source Chinese agriculture ACCC10167 of DSMZ) slant strains is inoculated into respectively in the triangular flask, and 31 ℃ of fermentations were made seed liquor in 2 days, were first class inoculum; First class inoculum was inoculated into fermentation cylinder for fermentation 2 days, was second class inoculum.
(2) two parts of same medium of preparation: cow dung 70 weight parts that become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 25 weight parts, rice bran 3 weight parts, dregs of beans 2 weight parts, transferring the pH value of spice with unslaked lime is 6.5, adds the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 40%, stir, feed steam more than 100 ℃, sterilization 2h.
(3) two kinds of second class inoculums in (1) are inserted respectively in the sterilization solid medium in (2) according to the inoculum size of the 20wt% of sterilization solid medium gross weight in (2).
(4) two kinds of bacterial classifications rotate fermentation respectively, and leavening temperature is 31 ℃, and rotating speed is 2 days for the 50r/min fermentation time; Fermentation ends is sampling Detection thalline quantity respectively, and each fermentor tank thalline quantity remains on 10
8More than the cfu/g.
(5) be up to the standards bacterium material according to 1: 1 volume ratio mixing granulation (diameter 2.5-4.0mm), particle is dried to constant weight, spray into coating liquid and carry out spray coating, coating liquid is the mixed aqueous solution that contains polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, wherein the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 3: 1, and the quality of aqueous solvent is polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone total mass 1500 times.Coated granules can be preserved the active 2-3 of bacterial classification under the condition of drying.
(6) but the granule type Inoculant direct inoculation of producing to plant rhizosphere, usage quantity is 5Kg/ mu, can promote plant-growth, the environment of improving the soil, the generation of minimizing soil-borne disease.
(7) the granule type Inoculant of Sheng Chaning can be inoculated in the biological organic fertilizer (cow dung of namely becoming thoroughly decomposed), generally ferments to subordinate phase at biological organic fertilizer.Water content began to protect fertile stage use at 30% o'clock, and measurement index is that compost temperature drops to about 40 ℃.Inoculum size is every cubic metre of compost inoculation 15-20g, stirs, and fermentation reactor system, leavening temperature are 28-30 ℃, fermentation time 5 days.The every sample thalline of sampling Detection quantity is 10
6More than the cfu/g, namely get functional organic fertilizer.The fertilizer usage quantity that this technology is produced is 25-50Kg/ mu, is significantly increased the effect of agricultural output and quality, prevention Plant diseases, the usage quantity of minimizing agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer.
Claims (8)
1. be the commercial run of raw material production biofertilizer inoculation agent with the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, comprise batching, sterilization, fermentation, granulation, drying, coating steps, it is characterized in that: described batching step is with cow dung 20 ~ 70 weight parts that become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 20 ~ 80 weight parts, rice bran 2 ~ 10 weight parts, dregs of beans 2 ~ 10 weight parts, talcum powder 0 ~ 5 weight part mixes, regulate pH value to 6.5 ~ 7.5 with unslaked lime, add the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 30 ~ 40%, stir; Described fermented bacterium is genus bacillus or actinomycetes.
2. according to claim 1 is the commercial run of raw material production biofertilizer inoculation agent with the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and it is characterized in that described genus bacillus is selected from one or more in subtilis, bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus or the fixed nitrogen series bacillus; Described actinomycetes are selected from streptomyces microflavus and/or Jingyang streptomycete.
3. according to claim 1 is the commercial run of raw material production biofertilizer inoculation agent with the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, it is characterized in that when described fermented bacterium is genus bacillus, the material rate that described batching step adopts is: cow dung 60 ~ 70 weight parts become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 20 ~ 30 weight parts, rice bran 8 ~ 10 weight parts, dregs of beans 2 ~ 10 weight parts, talcum powder 0 ~ 2 weight part, regulating the pH value with unslaked lime is 6.5, adds the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 30 ~ 40wt%; When described fermented bacterium is actinomycetes, the material rate that described batching step adopts is: cow dung 20 ~ 50 weight parts become thoroughly decomposed, field soil 30 ~ 70 weight parts, rice bran 8 ~ 10 weight parts, dregs of beans 2 ~ 10 weight parts, talcum powder is 0 ~ 2 weight part, and regulating the pH value with unslaked lime is 7.0 ~ 7.5, adds the water that is equivalent to aforementioned base materials total mass 30 ~ 32wt%.
4. according to claim 1 is the commercial run of raw material production biofertilizer inoculation agent with the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and it is characterized in that the inoculation total amount of bacterial classification in the described fermentation step is 15 ~ 25wt% of sterilization solid medium gross weight, and leavening temperature is 28 ~ 33 ℃.
5. according to claim 4 is the commercial run of raw material production biofertilizer inoculation agent with the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, it is characterized in that in the described fermentation step when fermented bacterium is genus bacillus, the fermentation rotating speed is 45 ~ 55r/min, fermentation time is 1 ~ 2 day, fermentation ends sampling Detection thalline quantity, thalline quantity remains on 10
8More than the cfu/g; When described fermented bacterium was actinomycetes, the fermentation rotating speed was 25 ~ 35r/min, and fermentation time is 3 ~ 5 days, fermentation ends sampling Detection thalline quantity, and thalline quantity remains on 10
8More than the cfu/g.
6. according to claim 1 is the commercial run of raw material production biofertilizer inoculation agent with the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and it is characterized in that described granulation particle diameter is 2.5 ~ 4.0mm; The bake out temperature of described drying step is 35 ~ 45 ℃, and particle is dried to constant weight; Described granulation step and drying step can carry out successively, also can granulation limit, limit drying.
7. according to claim 1 is the commercial run of raw material production biofertilizer inoculation agent with the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, it is characterized in that described coating steps adopts spray coating, coating liquid is the mixed aqueous solution that contains polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, wherein the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 2 ~ 3:1, and the quality of aqueous solvent is polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone total mass 1400 ~ 1500 times.
According in the claim 1 ~ 7 each described be the commercial run of raw material production biofertilizer inoculation agent with the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, it is characterized in that the described cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed is through 60 ~ 70 ℃ of compostings or adds short rotten microorganism and fully become thoroughly decomposed by the meal of pulverizing; The Tian Tuwei farmland is the soil of 25 ~ 35cm at the middle and upper levels, crosses 30 mesh sieves.
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| CN104212734A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-17 | 北京世纪阿姆斯生物技术股份有限公司 | Salt tolerant composite inoculant and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1673194A (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2005-09-28 | 四川新能酵素菌生物工程有限公司 | Ferment bacteria organic fertilizer and its production process |
| CN1742552A (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-08 | 甘肃省花卉工程技术研究中心 | Artificial turf and preparing method thereof |
| CN1931798A (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2007-03-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | In-situ farm animal excrement degrading process |
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| CN1613828A (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2005-05-11 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Preparation of multifunctional biological organic fertilizer from poultry and livestocks excrement |
| CN1673194A (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2005-09-28 | 四川新能酵素菌生物工程有限公司 | Ferment bacteria organic fertilizer and its production process |
| CN1931798A (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2007-03-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | In-situ farm animal excrement degrading process |
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