CN102214367A - Three dimensional (3D) modeling and visualizing method of prehistoric settlement sites - Google Patents
Three dimensional (3D) modeling and visualizing method of prehistoric settlement sites Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three dimensional (3D) modeling and visualizing method of prehistoric settlement sites, comprising the following steps of: (1) acquiring settlement site terrain data from pictures representing settlement site terrain altitude data and vestige information through an image processing method and digital elevation models; (2) establishing vivid settlement site virtual scenes according to truthful data; and (3) performing a human-computer interaction function in the settlement sites 3D scenes. According to the method in the invention, the image processing technology and the 3D visualizing technology are comprehensively utilized; based on settlement site archaeological data, the prehistoric settlement site virtual scenes are established for providing conditions for researching and developing the settlement sites; and a novel method for digitizing archaeological information is provided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the crossing domain of archaeology and three-dimensional information visualization technique, it mainly utilizes virtual reality technology that the archaeology achievement is carried out the exact figure recovery, storage archaeology information, and with lively image and rigorous scientific meaning displaying archaeology achievement.
Background technology
Abundant history culture information is contained in ruins, prehistoric settlement and higher archaeology is worth, it is China's important historical cultural heritage, but all kinds of traces, the remains information that is produced in the archaeology process usually, because the preservation process of planning and management is lack of standardization, add the destruction of human factor, As time goes on be faced with the predicament of withering away gradually.In addition, a lot of important information can be lost because of further archaeological excavation work of later stage in the archaeological site.The application of three-dimensional visualization technique on archaeology not only can address these problems, the participant of different needs can interactive two-way investigating and handle pseudo-entity, obtain more detailed, more accurate information, for academic research, study, visit and sightseeing bring more help.
The ruins, settlement are that China excavates ruins the most completely the Neolithic Age so far, and the age is apart from modern 6400～6600 years.The ruins, settlement are found in 1972, about 50,000 square metres of the ruins total area, excavated about 10,000 square metres of area, be a place and clan of Xi'an the Banpo Museum primitive society of the same period ruins, have in the ruins and face upward splendid and Longshan biculturalism remnants historical relic, archaeological work person has carried out 8 years 11 times large-scale excavations, general spy work on the ruins, settlement, be the ruins, preservation settlement at the most complete Neolithic Age that archaeological excavation is arrived, and has precious scientific research and is worth.
Abroad in archaeology field widespread use virtual reality technology, the international archaeological circle information visualization technology that is referred to as to engage in archaeological studies.Google company has comprised the virtual ancient Roman of 3D city in the new edition Google Earth exploration of releasing in 2008.Zhejiang University uses three-dimensional visualization technique that the unearthed relics of Chengdu Jinsha Ruins have been carried out accurately digitizing to restore, for setting up the digitizing museum data that provides the foundation; The Qin cooperates with Xi'an Four-dimensional Aerial Survey ﹠ Remote Sensing Center in the figurines museum, through year, utilizes the digital three-dimensional technology to carry out No. two hole ruins 3-dimensional digital modelings of Qin's figurines project and achieves success; The scientific research team of being headed the list of signers by the Wuhan University mapping sensor information engineering Lee Naruhito academician of National Key Laboratory, professor Zhu Yixuan is since unit cooperations such as in August, 2006 and Dunhuang Research Inst., the Chinese Central Television (CCTV), digitizing " clone " is carried out in the Mo kao grotto at Dunhuang, so that its existing looks are preserved.
List of references
[1] Zhao Kun. application and the prospect forecast [N] of 3-dimensional digital modeling technique in the archaeological site. China Culture Relics Newspaper, 2006.
[2]Du?Xiaoping，Fan?Xiangtao，Tan?Jian，Zhu?Junjie.Study?on?3D?Visualization?Application?for?the?Grand?Canal?Heritage?Site?Research[C].International?Symposium?on?Digital?Earth：Data?Processing?and?Applications，2009
[3] Kan Aike. the archaeology stratum three-dimensional visualization and applied research---with the Chengdu Jinsha Ruins is example [D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2006.
[4] Zhao Kun, " application and the prospect forecast of 3-dimensional digital modeling technique in the archaeological site---with No. two hole ruins modelings of Qin's figurines project is example " [N]. China Culture Relics Newspaper, 2006.5.
[5] Ye Xinshi. the 3-d reproduction of archaeological site [J] Wen Bo, 2002.05:71-74.
[6] Xi'an Banpo Museum etc., " Jiang Zhai---the Neolithic Age ruins report on the excavation " [M]. Cultural Relics Publishing House, 1988 years.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to ruins, first phase settlement, ginger stockaded village is learning prototype, with the ground object model group as the main object of showing, in conjunction with three-dimensional visualization technique, set up ruins, ancient settlement life scene three-dimensional data model, realize the digitizing storage of traces information, set up the virtual inverting of buildings, vegetation, landform and sky, make reproduction traces, reconstruction ruins and ruins, complete observation settlement become possibility.Not only can understand existent environment of people and yield-power development level at that time, for the research and development in ruins, settlement creates conditions, for the archaeology information digitalization provides new method, simultaneously its archaeology achievement is displayed with lively image and rigorous scientific meaning, the various information that make the researchist can utilize three-dimensional model to obtain the historical relic ruins are sought ancient human and palaeoenvironmental inner link, again examine the process of excavating, the relation between the interpretation traces closely in the future, reduced intervention and the influence of human factor, be beneficial to the long preservation in ruins ruins.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for achieving the above object:
The three-dimensional modeling and the method for visualizing in ruins, the prehistoric settlement of the present invention comprise the steps:
1. the structure of ruins, settlement landform altitude data and atural object floor level data: the level line picture to ruins, existing settlement landform carries out registration and gradation conversion, reads in the bitmap gray-scale value and is converted to the height value of regular grid DEM formatted data with the storage landform according to coordinate position by image processing method; To there being the place at atural object places such as buildings and river to carry out corresponding mark by the coordinate position in the image information in the ruins, settlement, and the Terrain Elevation data of storage before making it deduct correspondingly object location height;
2. the structure of three-dimensional model:, adopt different three-dimensional construction methods to set up various ruins model in the scene respectively in conjunction with the data of various ruins model in the existing ruins, settlement;
3. the structure of three-dimensional scenic: comprise two parts, respectively various ruins model is distributed coordinate information according to True Data, in three-dimensional scenic, can optionally load; And, carry out every man-machine interaction result's demonstration according to user's input.
Preferably, landform and atural object data construct method are as follows:
A carries out gradation conversion with existing settlement ruins landform and atural object picture, and reads gradation data;
B according to the linear mapping relation of gray-scale value and actual landform height value, reads corresponding to the landform altitude value of this point and with it and stores in the text document with the dem data form in the terrain data building process;
In the C atural object data construct process,, read the corresponding atural object ground property value of this point and it is stored in the text document with the dem data form according to gray-scale value;
D deducts atural object ground property value in the topographic coordinate point height value that atural object is arranged, and obtains accurate terrain data.
Preferably, three-dimensional model makes up and comprises the steps:
A sets up modeling rendering style and colouring information;
The texture of b binding model correspondence is provided with according to parameter for each dough sheet of each model and selects different textures;
C sets up model with different graphic unit and mathematics description method.
Preferably, three-dimensional scenic makes up and comprises the steps:
1) relief block and sky model are loaded according to coordinate information;
2) select to show different terrain model and sky model according to the user, read in the atural object data, be written into the ground object model that the user selects according to data coordinates;
3) according to different keyboard input the carrying out demonstrations of different information.
The beneficial effect of technical scheme provided by the invention is:
The three-dimensional modeling in ruins, prehistoric settlement and method for visualizing are to utilize image processing method to form accurate ruins terrain data, adopt digital virtual mode, set up ruins scene three-dimensional data model true to nature; Make up traces archaeology information database, and abundant human-computer interaction function is provided, comprise roaming and information searching function.Utilize three-dimensional visualization technique truly to reduce the geographical environment and the ruins information in traces, three-dimensional visualization technique is combined with archaeology, a kind of good technical means are provided for archaeology research.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional modeling in ruins, prehistoric settlement and the general frame figure of method for visualizing;
Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional model flow for displaying of the three-dimensional modeling and the method for visualizing in ruins, prehistoric settlement;
Fig. 3 is the terrain data and the atural object floor level data construct flow process of the three-dimensional modeling and the method for visualizing in ruins, prehistoric settlement;
Fig. 4 is that the three-dimensional modeling in ruins, prehistoric settlement and the relief block of method for visualizing make up flow process;
Fig. 5 is that the three-dimensional modeling in ruins, prehistoric settlement and the building model of method for visualizing are written into flow process;
Fig. 6 is the human-computer interaction function workflow of the three-dimensional modeling and the method for visualizing in ruins, prehistoric settlement.
Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
This example provides the three-dimensional modeling and the method for visualizing in ruins, a kind of prehistoric settlement, the combining image disposal route, extract the homogeneous lattice entoilage face altitude figures in traces, true settlement, make up traces information database in the ruins, with different pels and mathematics description method make up with ruins in identical three-dimensional model, the traces three-dimensional model that builds is written into according to the actual position in the ruins.In three-dimensional scenic, increase human-computer interaction functions such as roaming and information inquiry, ruins, prehistoric settlement are restored with true to nature, lively picture.Technology such as this invention fused images processing, 3-dimensional digital modeling and Geographic Information System have very strong realistic meaning to the three-dimensional visualization scene that makes up prehistoric settlement, for academic research, study, visit and sightseeing bring more help.Fig. 1 is the overall system Organization Chart.
As shown in Figure 2, provide the three-dimensional model flow for displaying of the three-dimensional modeling and the method for visualizing in ruins, prehistoric settlement, may further comprise the steps:
As shown in Figure 3, provide the terrain data and the atural object floor level data construct flow process of the three-dimensional modeling and the method for visualizing in ruins, prehistoric settlement, may further comprise the steps:
Each attribute information of step 102 reading images specifically comprises the discrimination bit graph type, calculates wide and high, the image type (the shared figure place of each pixel) of image;
Step 103 is read in color table information;
Step 104 travels through traces gray-scale map color data from left to right, from top to bottom for the ruins gray-scale map, according to different colours sign, deposits the floor level in the traces of correspondence in two-dimensional array.
Step 105 finds maximum, minimum gray-scale value for the landform gray-scale map, obtains maximum, the minimum constructive height of landform then according to actual map data, sets up the gray-scale value of bitmap pixels and the mapping relations between the landform altitude;
Step 106 travels through landform gray-scale map color data from left to right, from top to bottom, calculates according to mapping relations, deposits the initial landform altitude value that calculates in two-dimensional array.
Two two-dimensional arrays of step 107 traversal subtract each other for each name a person for a particular job landform altitude value and traces floor level value, obtain the two-dimensional array of final landform altitude value.
The data that produced in the step 104 and 107 above step 108 traversal are stored data with the DEM form.
Whether step 108a judgment data is the last point of every row, be then to enter a new line to continue to read in, and or not to enter next procedure.
Step 108b judges whether it is the last point of gray-scale map, if last point then finishes, is not then to continue to read in.
As shown in Figure 4, provide the three-dimensional modeling in ruins, prehistoric settlement and the relief block of method for visualizing to make up flow process, may further comprise the steps:
Step 201 then begins to share the limit rectangle and draws if select the rectangle graticule mesh to make up relief block, and two points of adjacent two row same columns in the height value file are drawn in each circulation, until ED.
Step 202 then begins to draw triangle if select the triangulation network to make up relief block, and two triangles of adjacent two row adjacent column in the height value file are drawn in each circulation, until ED.
Step 203 is then drawn triangular mesh with step 202 if select veined relief block, and before drawing each triangle, reads in texture picture, the binding terrain texture, and according to coordinate information texture picture is carried out coordinate and divide.
As shown in Figure 5, provide the three-dimensional modeling in ruins, prehistoric settlement and the building model of method for visualizing to be written into flow process, may further comprise the steps:
Step 401 adopts different graphic plotting unit and mathematics Describing Method to make up four kinds of dissimilar houses, when drawing the dough sheet of roof and metope, divides different texture pictures according to coordinate respectively.
Step 402 is read in the floor level value file of atural object, travels through each lattice point.
If this lattice point of step 402a is not the atural object ident value, then continue to read in next lattice point, if the atural object ident value then enters next procedure;
Step 403 is read in x, the z coordinate at this sign place, and obtains the y coordinate of this point in the landform altitude value file, is written into corresponding building model according to coordinate information.
Step 404 is set up the house label in the vertical direction of this house centre coordinate value after activating preference pattern, and sets unique name for each label, and this name is pressed into namespace stack, is kept in the buffer area.
As shown in Figure 6, provide the human-computer interaction function workflow of the three-dimensional modeling and the method for visualizing in ruins, prehistoric settlement, may further comprise the steps:
Step 70 is obtained mouse click event, sets the size of picking up frame.
Whether step 90a judgement picks up number more than or equal to 1, is not then to finish, and is then to enter next procedure;
Step 90b inquires about the traces information database according to tag names, and traces information is presented at the houseclearing window.
Step 100 is obtained the keyboard click event.
Claims (4)
1. the three-dimensional modeling and the method for visualizing in ruins, a prehistoric settlement is characterized in that:
1. the structure of ruins, settlement landform altitude data and atural object floor level data: the level line picture to ruins, existing settlement landform carries out registration and gradation conversion, reads in the bitmap gray-scale value and is converted to the height value of regular grid DEM formatted data with the storage landform according to coordinate position by image processing method; To there being the place at atural object places such as buildings and river to carry out corresponding mark by the coordinate position in the image information in the ruins, settlement, and the Terrain Elevation data of storage before making it deduct correspondingly object location height;
2. the structure of three-dimensional model:, adopt different three-dimensional construction methods to set up various ruins model in the scene respectively in conjunction with the data of various ruins model in the existing ruins, settlement;
3. the structure of three-dimensional scenic: comprise two parts, respectively various ruins model is distributed coordinate information according to True Data, in three-dimensional scenic, can optionally load; And, carry out every man-machine interaction result's demonstration according to user's input.
2. the three-dimensional modeling and the method for visualizing in ruins, prehistoric settlement as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that landform and atural object data construct method are as follows:
A carries out gradation conversion with existing settlement ruins landform and atural object picture, and reads gradation data;
B according to the linear mapping relation of gray-scale value and actual landform height value, reads corresponding to the landform altitude value of this point and with it and stores in the text document with the dem data form in the terrain data building process;
In the C atural object data construct process,, read the corresponding atural object ground property value of this point and it is stored in the text document with the dem data form according to gray-scale value;
D deducts atural object ground property value in the topographic coordinate point height value that atural object is arranged, and obtains accurate terrain data.
3. the three-dimensional modeling and the method for visualizing in ruins, prehistoric settlement as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the three-dimensional model structure comprises the steps:
A sets up modeling rendering style and colouring information;
The texture of b binding model correspondence is provided with according to parameter for each dough sheet of each model and selects different textures;
C sets up model with different graphic unit and mathematics description method.
4. the three-dimensional modeling and the method for visualizing in ruins, prehistoric settlement as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the three-dimensional scenic structure comprises the steps:
1) relief block and sky model are loaded according to coordinate information;
2) select to show different terrain model and sky model according to the user, read in the atural object data, be written into the ground object model that the user selects according to data coordinates;
3) according to different keyboard input the carrying out demonstrations of different information.
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| CN102663811A (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2012-09-12 | 北京师范大学 | Real-time three-dimensional visualization method of large-scale scene city building based on spatial cognition |
| CN102708162A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-10-03 | 天津大学 | Visualization method for information of ancient architecture |
| CN103544735A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-29 | 浙江浙大万维科技有限公司 | DEM data color matching and drawing method and device |
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| CN102708162A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-10-03 | 天津大学 | Visualization method for information of ancient architecture |
| CN103544735A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-29 | 浙江浙大万维科技有限公司 | DEM data color matching and drawing method and device |
| CN104835202A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-08-12 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Quick three-dimensional virtual scene constructing method |
| CN107329116B (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2020-04-14 | 陕西长岭电子科技有限责任公司 | Airborne radar three-dimensional motion scene display method |
| CN107329116A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-11-07 | 陕西长岭电子科技有限责任公司 | Airborne radar three-dimensional motion scene display methods |
| CN108009314A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-05-08 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 | A kind of ruins area early stage landform three-dimensional rebuilding method based on archaeological data |
| CN108009314B (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2023-08-01 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 | Archaeological excavation data-based three-dimensional reconstruction method for early topography of site area |
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| CN109522430A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-03-26 | 武汉汉博伟业科技有限公司 | A kind of historic site ruins three-dimensional recovery system and method |
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| CN112330796A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-02-05 | 江西理工大学 | Three-dimensional modeling, repairing and visualizing method and device for underground historical relics |
| CN114494606A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-13 | 上海营邑城市规划设计股份有限公司 | Method for generating three-dimensional model of stratum of site and relic underground buried area |
| CN114494606B (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2023-03-28 | 上海营邑城市规划设计股份有限公司 | Method for generating three-dimensional model of stratum of site and relic underground buried area |
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Application publication date: 20111012 |