CN102211801A - Electrochemical reaction device and method for treating high-concentration organic wastewater - Google Patents
Electrochemical reaction device and method for treating high-concentration organic wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- CN102211801A CN102211801A CN2010101380870A CN201010138087A CN102211801A CN 102211801 A CN102211801 A CN 102211801A CN 2010101380870 A CN2010101380870 A CN 2010101380870A CN 201010138087 A CN201010138087 A CN 201010138087A CN 102211801 A CN102211801 A CN 102211801A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electrochemical reaction device for treating high-concentration organic wastewater. The electrochemical reaction device comprises an electrolysis bath and a plurality of electrodes, wherein the plurality of the electrodes are fixedly arranged in the electrolysis bath and are connected with a direct current power supply; electrolyte is filled in the electrolysis bath; the inner wall of the electrolysis bath is provided with a plurality of necks used for fixing the electrodes; and the separation distances of the electrodes are controlled by selecting the number of spacing necks. The plurality of the electrodes are arranged in an interlaced mode in the electrolysis bath to form a snakelike flow passage in the electrolysis bath. The electrochemical reaction device can ensure that the time for treating the wastewater in the electrolysis bath is the longest, the effect of electrolytic oxidation is improved, and the service life of the electrodes can be prolonged. The invention also discloses an electrochemical reaction method for treating the high-concentration organic wastewater.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sewage disposal device, be specifically related to a kind of electrochemical reaction appts that is used to handle high concentrated organic wastewater.The invention still further relates to a kind of electrochemical reaction method of handling high concentrated organic wastewater.
Background technology
Contain organism such as a large amount of phenol, quinone, organic acid in the high-enriched organics trade effluent, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of this trade effluent (COD) is very high, and natural degradation is very slow, can cause the severe contamination of water body, thereby its discharging all has strict standard.Be allow compliance with emission standards, need before discharging, handle this trade effluent earlier, and the various phenols after phenol and the conversion thereof handled especially difficulty.
At present for containing organic trade effluents such as phenols, a variety of treatment processs are arranged, treatment process wherein commonly used, be after treating processess such as a series of coagulation, high pressure plasma discharge process, acidifying, little electrolysis, adopt direct supply, electrolyzer and the ferroelectric utmost point, electrolysis treatment is carried out in water inlet to high COD, carries out electrocoagulation-electric throwing out in electrochemical oxidation, thereby reaches the purpose that makes the phenols degraded.
Existing electrolyzer adopts electrocoagulation purified industrial waste water, promptly under the effect of external power, utilize soluble anode (as metals such as aluminium or iron) to produce a large amount of metallic cations, and carry out the coagulating agent that hydrolysis reaction forms oxyhydroxide, coagulating agent mixes with colloid, makes the process of elimination of colloid stability, flocculation.What the purpose of this treatment process was to change colloid, suspended substance, solute, bacterium, virus and other microorganism etc. in the former water exists character and state, and generation can separate the macrobead of removal, to reach the purification purpose.
As shown in Figure 1, oxidizing reaction takes place in anode metal under the effect of external power, generate metallic cation Mn+, and hydrolysis reaction has generated OH-, Mn+ combines with OH-and forms M (OH) n coagulating agent, compositions such as the impurity in coagulating agent and the sewage, solid particulate, colloid mix, gradually precipitation and and solution separating; Simultaneously, because hydrolysis reaction has generated H2, when H2 overflowed liquid level, the part pollutent also floated thereupon.Thereby electrocoagulation is known as electrocoagulation-electric floating method again.
Series of complex physico-chemical has taken place in electrolyzer in the electrocoagulation process, as: the dissolving of anode metal, electric field action, electrolysate in water decomposition, electrolysate and hydrolysate and waste water in material generation physics chemical action, or the like.But, in these reactions, based on electrochemical electrode reaction.With ferroelectric very example, when passing to direct current or pulsed electrical between electrode, following electrode reaction takes place:
Anode: Fe-2e → Fe
2+
Negative electrode: 2H
++ 2e → H
2↑
Fe
2+After entering in the water, hydrolysis reaction taking place rapidly, forms multiple mononuclear complex.
Fe
2+Through after various hydrolysis and the polycondensation, can form the monokaryon or the multinuclear polymerization plasma of multiple complexity, various complex physico-chemical can take place with macromole such as organism in the waste water in these polymerization plasmas.
The electrocoagulation wastewater treatment exists multiple mechanism of action, mainly can be divided into by the mechanism difference: electrolysis-coagulation, electric floating and electrolytic oxidation and electrolytic reduction.
One, electrolysis-coagulation
Electrocoagulation is actual to be the Fe that metal anode produces
2+And various polymerization plasmas are to the coagulation of waste water.The mechanism of action of coagulation is summarized and is mainly contained following four aspects:
(1) static neutralization
The various polymerization oxyhydroxide of Fe are generally positively charged, so their existence can eliminate or weaken the net negative charge on micelle surface in the waste water, and the micelle collision opportunity is increased greatly.When gluey particle bumped, the Van der Waals force of short range effect was enough to make between micelle and condenses.
(2) compression double electric layer
Anode dissolution generates lot of F e
2+Ion, electrolyte concentration increases in the waste water, and compression double electric layer reduces zeta-potential, and colloidal particle are attracted each other and coalescent.
(3) adsorption bridging
The hydrolysis of Fe2+ and polycondensation and form superpolymer.The structure of this superpolymer is linear, and the two ends of the line different particulate of ining succession respectively plays the binding bridging action between two particulates of apart from each other, make particulate become gradually greatly, finally becomes oarse-grained flocs unit.This adsorption bridging owing to polymer substance makes the mutual agglutinating process of particulate be called flocculation.Flocculation is further condensed the colloidal particle of charge neutrality, and is condensed into bigger throw out and floats to liquid level, reaches the purpose of sewage purification.
(4) volume is swept flocculation
The Fe2+ hydrolysis produces the cotton-shaped ferrous hydroxide precipitation of a large amount of porous, and these flockss thereby generate bigger floc sedimentation structure sedimentation take place at the volley with its huge surface adsorption winding colloidal solid.
Often several mechanisms of action take place simultaneously in the wastewater purification.
Two, electrofloatation effect
In the electrocoagulation groove, there is a large amount of hydrogen gas bubbles to produce near the negative electrode.Bubble adheres to flco in floating-upward process, thereby floats to liquid level on the traction flco and reach the purification purpose.
Three, electrolytic oxidation and electrolytic reduction
Electrolytic oxidation is to utilize the anodic noble potential, comes the toxic substance in the degraded solutions.Electrolytic oxidation can be divided into direct oxidation and indirect oxidation again.Direct oxidation is meant the toxic substance in the electrode direct oxidation electrolytic solution; Indirect oxidation is in the anodic reaction process, generates earlier to have the stronger chemically reactive substance of oxidisability, as active oxygen, chlorine and ClO
-Deng, utilize the toxic substance in these material oxidative degradation waste water again.
Electrolytic reduction.Electrolytic reduction also can be divided into direct reduction and indirect reduction.Directly reduction refers to some impurity in the electrolytic solution, directly precipitates in cathode surface generation reduction reaction.Water produced the stronger active substance of some reductibility at negative electrode when indirect reduction referred to electrolysis, and as the hydrogen of status nascendi, active substance will react with some organism in the electrolytic solution.
But, existing electrolyzer exist the effect of sewage disposal undesirable or handle not thorough, the too high defective of cost.
As: in the electrolytic iron device commonly used, the ratio that electrolysis voltage is all chosen is higher, and reacting phenomenon is violent, can see a large amount of bubble floatings, and water body is also very fast because Fe
2+Generation and become green, a large amount of throw outs can very fast appearance after reaction stops, water body chroma is also better behind the sedimentation and filtration.This way, though the reaction times is shorter, the also very fast energy of colourity is handled up to standard, and precipitation capacity is too big, and the consumption of the ferroelectric utmost point is also big, and the short period of time just needs to change electrode; And the water of handling can redden after placement gradually, and this is because the Fe in the water body
2+Can gradate and be Fe
3+And influence color.
In addition, the existing ferroelectric utmost point has with mode of connection between the direct supply that acyclic type is connected, bipolar system connects.Acyclic type connects as shown in Figure 4, and two adjacent electrodes directly are connected with power supply, constitute an electrolysis cells, and this unitary end is pressed and is voltage of supply.The desired voltage of this mode of connection is lower, but required electric current is bigger when a plurality of electrolysis cells is arranged.
Bipolar system connects as shown in Figure 5, and this mode only electrode at two ends is connected with power supply, and a face is as anode on the same cube electrode, and another face is as negative electrode, and electric current flows into from two end electrodes, and the required electric current of this mode of connection is less, but the voltage of electrolyzer is higher.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of electrochemical reaction appts that is used to handle high concentrated organic wastewater, and it can improve the effect of electrochemistry advanced oxidation.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution that the present invention is used to handle the electrochemical reaction appts of high concentrated organic wastewater is:
Comprise electrolyzer, a plurality of electrode, a plurality of electrodes are fixedly set in the electrolyzer, and electrode connects direct supply; Described electrolyzer inwall is provided with a plurality of draw-in grooves that are used for fixing electrode, by selecting the spacing of the number control electrode of draw-in groove at interval.
Described a plurality of electrode is staggered in electrolyzer arranges, and forms serpentine flow path in electrolyzer.
Water-in is established in the bottom of described electrolyzer, and top sets out the mouth of a river.
The polarity of described power supply is adjustable.
The built-up type mode of connection is adopted in being connected between described electrode and the power supply, makes the voltage between adjacent two electrodes be not more than 3V.
In the described electrolyzer acid electrolyte is housed.
The spacing of described adjacent electrode is not more than 15 millimeters.
The present invention also provides a kind of electrochemical reaction method of handling high concentrated organic wastewater, and its technical solution is:
May further comprise the steps:
The first step drops into acidic solution in the electrolyzer of pending waste water is housed, making the pH value of solution in the electrolyzer is 2 ± 0.3;
Second step, opening power, to electrifying electrodes, the anode and cathode potential difference of adjacent electrode is 2～3V, makes electrochemical reaction takes place in the electrolyzer; In the electrochemical reaction process, regularly switch the polarity of output supply voltage; In the electrochemical reaction process, waste water remains static, and perhaps waste water is in flow state.
The 3rd step, when the pH of electrolyzer electrolyte inside greater than 6.5 the time, promptly powered-down stops electrolytic reaction.
The technique effect that the present invention can reach is:
The present invention has formed serpentine flow path by electrode being staggered in electrolyzer in electrolyzer, can guarantee that the time that waste water handles in electrolyzer is the longest, thereby has improved the effect of electrolytic oxidation.
The present invention makes the number of the electrode in the unit volume in the electrolyzer more by the spacing of control electrode, and density is bigger, can improve the effect of electrochemistry advanced oxidation.
The present invention makes the electrolysis voltage between adjacent two electrodes be no more than 3V, thereby can prolong the work-ing life of electrode by the built-up type mode of connection between electrode and the power supply.
The present invention is simple in structure, can be continuously long-running, and power consumption is low, and effect stability is easy to operate.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of electrocoagulation sewage treatment process;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the present invention is used to handle the electrochemical reaction appts of high concentrated organic wastewater;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of electrolyzer of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the electrode connection mode that acyclic type connects;
Fig. 5 is the electrode connection mode that bipolar system connects;
Fig. 6 is the electrode connection mode that built-up type connects.
Description of reference numerals among the figure:
10 is electrolyzer, and 20 is electrode.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 2, the present invention is used to handle the electrochemical reaction appts of high concentrated organic wastewater, comprises electrolyzer 10, a plurality of electrode 20, and a plurality of electrodes 20 are fixedly set in the electrolyzer 10; Electrode 20 connects the low-voltage, high-current direct supply, and the polarity of power supply is adjustable.
In the electrolyzer 10 electrolytic solution is housed, is preferably acid electrolyte.
As shown in Figure 3, electrode 20 is staggered in electrolyzer 10 arranges, and promptly an end of electrode is fixed in a side of electrolyzer inwall, is provided with the gap between the opposite side of the other end and electrolyzer inwall; And being provided with the gap between this side of this end of adjacent electrode and electrolyzer inwall, the other end is fixed in the opposite side of electrolyzer inwall, thereby forms serpentine flow path in electrolyzer 10.
The bottom of electrolyzer 10 is provided with water-in, and top is provided with water outlet; Water-in and water outlet are arranged at the same side of electrolyzer 10.
The spacing of adjacent electrode of the present invention less (being 1～2 millimeter), and interelectrode distance is adjustable, and the number of control interval draw-in groove makes the interelectrode distance maximum be no more than 15mm.Because interelectrode distance of the present invention is less, so the number of the electrode in the unit volume is more, density is bigger, can improve the effect of electrochemistry advanced oxidation, organism is being carried out on the basis of oxidation, be aided with electric flocculation electro air supporting again, make export license also smaller, thereby further prolong the work-ing life of electrode; And the material cost of the ferroelectric utmost point is lower, and therefore total electrode cost is not high.
The material of electrode 20 is an iron, and the thickness of electrode 20 is 1～2 millimeter.
The present invention has formed serpentine flow path by electrode 20 being staggered in electrolyzer 10 in electrolyzer 10, can guarantee that the residence time of waste water in electrolyzer 10 is the longest, and also promptly the time of processing is the longest, thereby has improved the effect of electrolytic oxidation.
Being connected between electrode 10 and the power supply adopted the built-up type mode of connection.As shown in Figure 6, the electrode of several groups of bipolar system connections is parallel on the power supply.This mode of connection has comprised acyclic type and bipolar system relative merits separately.Make series-parallel electrode number and external direct current power supply coupling in the electrolyzer 10, thereby guarantee that the voltage between adjacent two electrodes is no more than 3V.
Make the method for electrode number and external direct current power supply coupling as follows:
When external direct current power supply is 24V, select for use 9 plate electrodes as one group, constitute 8 electrolysis cells, then the voltage between each unitary anode and cathode is 3V; It is in parallel with another group electrode to organize electrode, together directly receives on the direct supply of 24V.
When the voltage between the adjacent electrode was 2～3V, current density was 3～8mA/cm
2
For organic wastewater, before fully not reacting, impurity, colloidal amount and little in the water, a large amount of precipitations that occur in the reaction mostly are Fe (OH)
2, therefore, the present invention makes the voltage (being electrolysis voltage) between adjacent two electrodes be no more than 3V, far below the electrolysis voltage of existing electrolyzer, thereby can prolong work-ing life of electrode.
It is as follows that the present invention handles the electrochemical reaction method of high concentrated organic wastewater:
When beginning reaction, the electrolyzer 10 that pending waste water is housed in, drop into acidic solution earlier, make the interior pH value of solution of electrolyzer 10 about 2, as 2 ± 0.3.Keep strongly-acid, at first help the electrolysis of Fe, generate Fe
2+Speed very fast; Simultaneously, can guarantee that the specific conductivity of electrolytic solution is higher, thereby obtain bigger current density, to reduce the reaction times.
In the reaction process, choose higher anode potential, make the electrolysis voltage between adjacent two electrodes be no more than 3V, the OH-that electrochemical reaction generates is the organism in the non-selectivity ground oxidized waste water promptly, simultaneously, and the Fe (OH) that electrolytic process generates
2And complex compound can be that the macromole, colloid of waste water etc. generate bigger floc sedimentation structure thereby sedimentation takes place, and the H that produces
2Bubble adheres to flco in floating-upward process, thereby floats to liquid level on the traction flco, and naked eyes can be observed at negative electrode has a large amount of very tiny bubble absorption polar board surface and continuous the come-up at liquid level.
In the reaction time-continuing process, owing to produced Fe (OH)
2And follow H
2Come-up, H
+Constantly be consumed, thereby the pH value of solution constantly raises.Simultaneously, external power applies voltage and can observe whole electrolytic cell currents when constant and reducing gradually.When solution was neutrality, reaction still can be carried out, because the H in the water
+Constantly hydrolysis produces, but concentration can be lower, and the speed of entire reaction will reduce, and produces Fe
2+Amount can reduce the deleterious of electricity flocculation.Thereby whether the pH value can be used as the standard of closure systems stopped reaction, when detecting the pH value greater than 6.5 the time, promptly closes external power, stops electrolytic reaction.The present invention adopts the pH value to control, convenient and simple easy row.
Because the electrolysis voltage that the present invention adopts is low, current density is also lower, occurs passivation phenomenon easily, for avoiding passivation, the present invention has adopted acid electrolyte, and simultaneously, external source can switch output polarity, in successive reaction after 10～15 minutes, switch the polarity of output supply voltage, react 10～15 minutes again after, polarity is gained, so alternately, can effectively avoid the generation of passivation.
The present invention is used for handling the organic waste water of the high density that a producer gas generator produces, mainly contains monohydric phenol and other phenol organic matters such as phenol in this waste water.Operations such as the process oil removal earlier of handled water sample, acidifying, high pressure plasma processing and coagulation, and then enter in the electrolyzer of the present invention.Waste water does not flow in the treating processes, and static test as test index, is used to characterize the effect of sewage disposal, treatment condition such as table 1 with chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD):
| Voltage | Mean power | Reactor volume | Handle total time | PH before the reaction | Reaction back pH | |
| Value | 24V | 3kW | 500L | 40 minutes | 2.2 | 6.4 |
Table 1
Table 2 as a result after the processing:
| Type | Water inlet | Water outlet |
| COD(mg/L) | 8160 | 1760 |
Table 2
As can be seen from Table 2, after the processing, COD has significant reduction.For the waste water that contains hardly degraded organic substances such as phenol, it is fairly obvious to handle the effect that obtains with electrocoagulation.
Simultaneously, according to the degradation process and the approach of phenol, in high pressure plasma was before handled, phenol at first was converted into quinones and organic acid, the oxidized again degraded of these two generations products.A lot of phenol conversion be two generation product, these products still have very high COD, thereby the COD of water inlet is still very high, when adopting electrolytic iron to handle, the OH-that produces can non-selectivity ground oxidation, both can oxidation aforementioned processing process in monohydric phenol such as unreacted phenol, also can the oxidation aforementioned process produce two generation product, and material such as organic acid, can with the Fe (OH) that produces in the electrocoagulation
2In carrying out and coagulating sedimentation, thereby make the COD of water outlet lower, can next carry out biochemical treatment.As seen, adopt apparatus and method of the present invention, be used to handle the organic sewage or the trade effluent that contain the high density phenols, effect is very remarkable.
The present invention in use, electrode materials is lossy, need the periodic replacement.
When reaction, can carry out static treatment to waste water, waste water is flowed, carry out dynamichandling.
The present invention is used to handle the high-enriched organics trade effluent, can degrading phenol and derivative thereof, thus reach the effect that reduces COD.
The present invention is arranged at the top of electrolyzer with water outlet, because the solution in the electrolyzer is under coagulation, the water quality on upper strata is better, and therefore the COD of the water of discharging from water outlet of the present invention is lower, and colourity is better.
The present invention carries out electrolysis treatment to the water inlet of high COD after high concentrated organic wastewater is carried out treating processess such as coagulation, high pressure plasma discharge process, acidifying, little electrolysis.
Claims (10)
1. an electrochemical reaction appts that is used to handle high concentrated organic wastewater comprises electrolyzer, a plurality of electrode, and a plurality of electrodes are fixedly set in the electrolyzer, and electrode connects direct supply; It is characterized in that: described electrolyzer inwall is provided with a plurality of draw-in grooves that are used for fixing electrode, by selecting the spacing of the number control electrode of draw-in groove at interval.
2. the electrochemical reaction appts that is used to handle high concentrated organic wastewater according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described a plurality of electrodes are staggered in electrolyzer arranges, and forms serpentine flow path in electrolyzer.
3. the electrochemical reaction appts that is used to handle high concentrated organic wastewater according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: water-in is established in the bottom of described electrolyzer, and top sets out the mouth of a river.
4. the electrochemical reaction appts that is used to handle high concentrated organic wastewater according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the polarity of described direct supply is adjustable.
5. the electrochemical reaction appts that is used to handle high concentrated organic wastewater according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the built-up type mode of connection is adopted in being connected between described electrode and the power supply, makes the voltage between adjacent two electrodes be not more than 3V.
6. the electrochemical reaction appts that is used to handle high concentrated organic wastewater according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: in the described electrolyzer acid electrolyte is housed.
7. the electrochemical reaction appts that is used to handle high concentrated organic wastewater according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the spacing of described adjacent electrode is not more than 15 millimeters.
8. one kind is adopted the described water treatment method that is used to handle the electrochemical reaction appts of high concentrated organic wastewater of claim 1, and it is characterized in that: the carrying out by pH value control reaction may further comprise the steps:
The first step drops into acidic solution in the electrolyzer of pending waste water is housed, making the pH value of solution in the electrolyzer is 2 ± 0.3;
Second step, opening power, to electrifying electrodes, the anode and cathode potential difference of adjacent electrode is 2～3V, makes electrochemical reaction takes place in the electrolyzer;
The 3rd step, when the pH of electrolyzer electrolyte inside greater than 6.5 the time, promptly powered-down stops electrolytic reaction.
9. the method for processing high concentrated organic wastewater according to claim 8 is characterized in that: in the electrochemical reaction process in described second step, waste water remains static, and perhaps waste water is in flow state.
10. according to Claim 8 or the method for 9 described processing high concentrated organic wastewaters, it is characterized in that: in the electrochemical reaction process in described second step, regularly switch the polarity of output supply voltage.
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Application publication date: 20111012 |