CN102211218A - Diamond coated cutter and application thereof to processing of fiber composite material - Google Patents
Diamond coated cutter and application thereof to processing of fiber composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a diamond coated cutter, which comprises a drill tip, an edge part and a handle part, and is characterized in that: (1) a substrate material is a hard alloy with less than 6 mass percent of Co; (2) the drill tip and the edge part of the cutter are coated with a diamond coating; (3) the head part of the cutter has a drilling and milling integrated structure, the apex angle of the drill tip is double apex angles of 135 degrees and 90 degrees or a disc angle of 5 to 10 degrees, and the thickness of the coated diamond coating is 10 to 30mu m. The coated cutter is manufactured by the following steps of: (1) selecting an appropriate hard alloy substrate material; (2) forming the cutter; (3) pretreating a cutter coating; and (4) preparing the diamond coating on the drill top and the edge part of the cutter through hot filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The phenomena of burrs and obvious surface layer peeling when the coated cutter processes a fiber composite material are avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of diamond-coated tools and application thereof, the invention provides a kind of cutter that is used for composite processing such as carbon fiber or glass fibre or rather, belong to machining manufacturing technology field.
Background technology
Composite is the product of material science high speed development in recent years, very big application space is arranged, and can design according to the requirement of service condition and make, to satisfy various specific uses, thereby improved the usefulness of engineering structure greatly, become novel engineering material in a kind of present age.The composite that the modern project structure is used can be divided into this three major types of resin-based, Metal Substrate and ceramic base according to the type of matrix material.Carbon fibre composite is more typical a kind of polymer matrix composites, its phosphorus content is generally all more than 90%, specific strength height, specific modulus height, can be used for producing light weight and the intensity height, layer is thin and the big member of rigidity, and anti-fatigue performance is good, thermal coefficient of expansion is little, and dimensional stability is good, has wide practical use in Aeronautics and Astronautics industry.For needing to carry out secondary operations after the complex-shaped parts moulding, but the very difficult processing of composites such as carbon fiber, glass fibre is mainly reflected in the hardness height, interlaminar shear strength is low and aspect such as poor thermal conductivity.
Then, because the mechanical property of fibrous composite is anisotropy, interlaminar strength is lower, defective such as under the effect of cutting force, be easy to generate layering during cutting, tear, and the cut-out that carbon fiber can not be flattened causes cutting effect not good.The composite chip forming procedure is the complex process that matrix destroys and fibrous fracture is interweaved, because of fibrous fracture and matrix are sheared, and smear metal and rake face, the friction between knife face and the machined surface afterwards and produce a large amount of smear metal heat.At finished surface, carbon fiber is removed in the mode of brittle fracture, can only take away seldom by the heat that produces in the processing, make material plastic deformation difficulty, poor radiation, high temperature easily produces heat down and stops up, thereby cause the carbon fibre composite surface to produce carbonization phenomenon, influence machined surface quality.Heat in metal cutting mainly passes to cutter and workpiece, causes cutter to wear and tear fast, and many cutters all are difficult to finish the cutting overall process of composite element, influences working (machining) efficiency and workpiece precision.
Generally speaking, be easy to generate two kinds of defectives in the cutting process of composites such as carbon fiber, glass fibre: a kind of is otch damage, mainly is easy to generate the outlet layering near the notching edge, tears, defectives such as burr, wire drawing; The 2nd, the interlayer layering mainly is meant separating of taking place between carbon fibre composite layer and the layer, thereby makes the composite inner tissue become loose, thereby has reduced component strength and other performances.
Can the processing difficult problem of fibrous composite solve, and is directly connected to the application of this material, and cutter is the principal element of restriction cutting technology.The helical edges integral body alloy or the high-speed steel slotting cutter that generally use at present, continuous long cutting edge makes cutting edge not sharp, finally caused the processing effect that the process tool cutting ability is poor, working (machining) efficiency is low, cutter life is short, and continuous long cutting edge makes easily finished surface defective processing phenomenons such as burr, layering, peeling occur.Selecting rational cutter material and cutter structure for use is the key that solves a composite processing difficult problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of diamond-coated tools and application thereof, the diamond-coated tools that provides is intended to improve the cutting ability of composites such as carbon fiber, glass fibre and the diamond-coated tools of working (machining) efficiency, the layering that occurs in the multiple material processing can fine solution recited above, tear, defectives such as burr, wire drawing, interlayer layering, and processing life-span of obviously improving cutter.And because special structure design of the present invention, can be used for carbon fiber or glass fiber compound material sheet material hollow out, mill the continuous processing of technologies such as limit, boring.Diamond-coated tools provided by the invention comprises apex point, blade and shank as shown in Figure 1, it is characterized in that:
(1) cutter apex point and blade carry out the processing of pure diamond coating, and diamond coatings has and the duplicate characteristic of nature diamond, comprises high rigidity, high strength, resistance to chemical attack, high thermal conductivity coefficient, and low-friction coefficient.These characteristics all help improving the performance of cutter.Can keep sharp in process of apex point and blade, improve processing effect, increase the service life.
(2) the cutter head mills integrative-structure for boring, can realize holing and the continuous processing of milling, and the apex point position at cutter top, according to the machining composite material sheet metal thickness with add the different of clamping in man-hour situation, structure is different:
At thicker sheet material, perhaps clamping better rigidity situation, the apex point drift angle is 135 ° and 90 ° of common apex point forms in Double Tops angle;
At thin sheet material, or the relatively poor situation of clamping rigidity, drift angle is for negative, promptly with the apex point form of 5～10 ° of Pan Jiao.
Phenomenons such as burr, layering, exit fiber tearing when special apex point design can minimizing composite is holed.Help to reduce and disperse cutting force, effectively improve the crudy in hole.
(3) cutting edge of the blade that links to each other with apex point by about revolve the staggered helicla flute of symmetry and constitute cutting unit, left and right sides groove number equates, groove is several to be changed to some extent according to cutter sword footpath difference, diameter is big more, the sword number is many more, 10～12 ° of rake face angles, and fluting directly forms, 18～25 ° of back knife face angles, relief angle cutting edge fluting directly grinds.
Can realize that by the available diamond-coated tools of the present invention brill mills continuous processing, when the pierced process of processing part, directly on composite board, drill through the hole, carry out milling then, simultaneously, when the processed complex part, available same cutter is processed continuously, finish boring, hollow out, mill multiple processing technologys such as limit and need not tool changing, improved working (machining) efficiency and machining accuracy.
The present invention carries out the diamond coatings processing at cutter apex point and blade surface, is adding man-hour, can keep the sharp of cutting edge for more time, obviously improves processing effect, prolongs cutter life, reduces tool change time, improves working (machining) efficiency, cuts down finished cost.
The apex point of common drill bit is designed to bore the 120 ° of double cutting drills in angle, is prone to the exit fiber tearing in the composite bore process, special apex point design of the present invention, phenomenons such as burr, layering, exit fiber tearing in the time of can reducing composite boring.Help to reduce and disperse cutting force, effectively improve the crudy in hole.
Plain cutter has only the continuous cutting edge of a direction, causes when processing carbon fibers/fiberglass composite, and defective phenomenons such as layering, burr, flange appear in otch, and cutter life is lower simultaneously.Tradition goldfish scale milling cutter cutting edge is a pointed shape, cutting edge length, and shown in Fig. 4 (b), cutting scheme is that the wedge angle of cutting edge is broken fiber and reached the cutting purpose, may have fiber in the working angles and be drawn out, and comparatively significantly burr occurs.Cutting edge of the present invention has left-handed and the dextrorotation cutting edge, head axes along helicla flute directional profile figure shown in Fig. 4 (a), cutting edge all is with positive rake angle, cutting edge is by interrupted rectilinear(-al), whole cutting blade is made up of a series of triangle swords by a bit of straight line, when Milling Process, left-handed, the cutting edge conversion cutting direction of dextrorotation, when a tooth cutting force departs from machined surface, the cutting force of another tooth is towards machined surface, under certain machined parameters, about revolve to intersect and carry out, cutting edge can effectively suppress sheet deformation with the direct section of cutting of fiber, burr appears in machined surface, the fiber layering, defective phenomenons such as top layer flange.From the technological angle of diamond coatings, straight line edge more helps the growth of coating than the wedge angle cutting edge of traditional goldfish scale milling cutter.
The present invention, traditional goldfish scale milling cutter and common helical edges milling cutter processing carbon fibre composite effect contrast figure are shown in picture group 5.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of diamond-coated tools provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of the described process tool of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional close up view of described process tool apex point of Fig. 1 and blade.
Fig. 4 (a) is the profile of process tool head axes shown in Figure 1 along the helicla flute direction, and Fig. 4 (b) is that the goldfish scale milling cutter axis is along the helicla flute directional profile.
Fig. 5 is advanced composite material (ACM) process tool, goldfish scale milling cutter and common skew cutting cutter processing carbon fibre composite figure, (a) is the effect that coated cutting tool shown in Figure 1 is processed carbon fibre composite; (b) be the effect of Knife for removing fish scales processing carbon fibre composite; (c) be the effect of common helical tooth blade processing carbon fibre composite.
Fig. 6 is the Raman spectrogram of diamond-coated tools provided by the invention.
The specific embodiment
Below by the preparation process of accompanying drawing and diamond-coated tools further to illustrate substantive distinguishing features of the present invention and obvious improvement.
The making of embodiment 1 diamond-coated tools
Step 1: select suitable carbide matrix material
Because coating process is carrying out more than 800 ℃, so copper plates cutter and high-speed steel tool all can not be used diamond coatings, and selected matrix material should be carbide alloy.Before coating process, select suitable carbide matrix material to carry out surface treatment, the adhesive force of coating result and diamond film there is material impact.Because the existence of Co brings negative effect can for adamantine film forming, therefore should select for use the quality percentage composition of Co to be controlled in 6%, the grain size of cemented carbide base material and material is between 1 to 3 μ m.
Step 2: the processing and forming of carrying out cutter
The diamond-coated tools that is applicable to fibrous composite processing provided by the invention, comprise apex point, blade and shank, its first kind of architectural feature is that the cutter head mills integrative-structure for boring, can realize holing and the continuous processing of milling, at thicker sheet material, perhaps clamping better rigidity situation, apex point drift angle are 135 ° and 90 ° of common apex point forms in Double Tops angle; The cutting edge of the blade that links to each other with apex point by about revolve the staggered helicla flute of symmetry and constitute cutting unit, left and right sides groove number equates, groove is several different and change to some extent according to cutter sword footpath, diameter is big more, the sword number is many more; 10～12 ° of rake face angles, fluting directly forms, 18～25 ° of back knife face angles, relief angle cutting edge fluting directly grinds.
The diamond-coated tools that is provided, its second kind of structure is characterized in that the cutter that provides comprises apex point, blade and shank, the cutter head mills integrative-structure for boring, can realize holing and the continuous processing of milling, at thin sheet material, or the relatively poor situation of clamping rigidity, drift angle is for negative, promptly with the apex point form of 5～10 ° of Pan Jiao; The cutting edge of the blade that links to each other with apex point by about revolve the staggered helicla flute of symmetry and constitute cutting unit, left and right sides groove number equates, groove is several different and change to some extent according to cutter sword footpath, diameter is big more, the sword number is many more; 10～12 ° of rake face angles, fluting directly forms, 18～25 ° of back knife face angles, relief angle cutting edge fluting directly grinds.
Step 3: the preliminary treatment of cutter coat
Cobalt handle to be removed through special process in the apex point of cutter and blade (position that needs coating) surface, and the surface forms micropore, is easy to and the combining of diamond coatings, and improves the adhesion of matrix material and diamond coatings.Described special process is to use hydrogen peroxide to corrode, and forms micropore on the carbide matrix material surface, cleans in ultrasonic wave, dries with ethanolic solution again.
Step 4: the coating of diamond coatings
Hard alloy cutter is placed on the anchor clamps, place reaction cavity, utilize heated filament CVD to prepare diamond coatings at cutter apex point and blade top layer, produce atomic carbon after decomposing ionization in the carbon containing source of the gas vacuum cavity at high temperature, again be bonded to the diamond crystal phase structure at the deposition matrix surface, and form the diamond coatings of crystallization gradually, according to the tool diameter difference, coating layer thickness is between 10-30 μ m.It is because of overweight coating that coating layer thickness is controlled at more than the following 10 μ m of 30 μ m, and it is big that residual stresses in coatings becomes, and coating easily comes off from cemented carbide substrate surfaces, the too thin effect that does not have coating.
Hot-wire temperature 1800-2000 ℃, substrate temperature is controlled at 800-1000 ℃, in the mixed-gas environment of methane and hydrogen, and CH
4Concentration expressed in percentage by volume is 8%-13%, CH
4/ H
2Volume ratio is 0.2-0.3, and reaction pressure is 0.16-10kPa.
Embodiment 2
In the processing of carbon fibre composite, diamond-coated tools has remarkable advantages, especially more with present use PCD (polycrystalline diamond) cutter is compared, the diamond coatings drill bit can bore more hole in process of production, and advantage is more obvious in the process of glass fiber compound material.The diamond coatings milling cutter also is widely used in the cutting carbon fibre composite, has reduced processing cost, and has reduced the layering between the composite bed.This mainly is because the CVD coating process can carry out coating on the drill bit and the milling cutter surface of all complicated shapes.And mostly the PCD cutter that uses at present is the PCD template is welded to and goes in the cutter groove, and preparation process is longer, and is more to the shape restriction of cutter, and cost is also higher relatively.PCD cutter price is 3 to 5 times of other coated cutting tool, is 10 times of coated cutting tool not.
The laser Raman spectroscopy of diamond-coated tools provided by the invention shows, at 1331cm
-1Point appears comparatively significantly in annex and high peak is the peak value that is caused by adamantine SP3 mixed track, and at 1550 ± 150cm
-1Scope tangible spike does not appear, illustrate that the peak value that is caused by mixed tracks such as SP2 such as graphite or amorphous carbon is not obvious.Fig. 6 is the laser Raman spectroscopy analysis chart of diamond-coated tools of the present invention, and as can be seen from Figure, diamond coatings purity is higher.
Fig. 2 is the top view of cutter, from figure also as can be seen the brill of cutter mill integrative-structure, the centre is the sword type of drill bit, is the sword type of milling cutter on every side.
Head axes is prolonged helicla flute directional profile figure in Fig. 4 (a) cutter of the present invention, cutting edge is made up of the triangle shape sword of a bit of straight line, cutting scheme and scissors are similar, the cutting edge conversion cutting direction of left-handed, dextrorotation, when the processing fiber material, directly fiber is cut off, effectively suppressed the formation of the layering of burr; Be from Fig. 4 (b) be common goldfish scale milling cutter axis along helicla flute directional profile figure, cutting scheme is that the wedge angle of cutting edge is broken fiber, might have fiber and be drawn out, and burr occurs.
5 (a) figure is a machining design sketch of the present invention, does not have burr phenomena substantially, also comparatively not tangible top layer skin effect phenomenon; 5 (b) figure is traditional goldfish scale milling cutter processing effect figure, because processing mechanism is the blade tip of blade fiber is broken, and the part is prone to comparatively significantly burr; 5 (c) figure is common helical edges milling cutter processing effect figure, and burr is more, is prone to layering and skin effect phenomenon.
Claims (10)
1. a diamond-coated tools comprises apex point, blade and shank, it is characterized in that:
1. matrix material is that the quality percentage composition of Co is to be lower than 6% carbide alloy;
2. the apex point of cutter and blade are that diamond coatings applies;
3. the head of cutter mills integrative-structure for boring, and the apex point drift angle is that 135 ° and 90 ° of Double Tops angles or drift angle are 5-10 ° of Pan Jiao.
2. by the described coated cutting tool of claim 1, it is characterized in that the diamond coatings thickness that applies is 10-30 μ m.
3. by the described coated cutting tool of claim 1, the cutting edge that it is characterized in that the blade that links to each other with apex point by about revolve the staggered helicla flute of symmetry and constitute cutting unit, left and right sides groove number is equal.
4. by the described coated cutting tool of claim 3, it is characterized in that described spiral fluted groove is several different and change according to cutter sword footpath, diameter is big more, the sword number is many more.
5. by the described coated cutting tool of claim 1, it is characterized in that the centre that described brill mills integrative-structure is the sword type of drill bit, be the sword type of milling cutter on every side.
6. make method, it is characterized in that making step comprises as each described coated cutting tool among the claim 1-5:
(1) selects suitable carbide matrix material;
(2) carry out the processing and forming of cutter;
(3) preliminary treatment of cutter coat;
(4) utilize heated filament CVD at cutter apex point and blade surface preparation diamond coatings.
7. by the described preparation method of claim 6, it is characterized in that:
(1) carbide matrix material described in the step 1 selects for use the quality percentage composition of Co to be controlled in 6%, and grain size is between the 1-3 μ m;
(2) 10-12 ° of rake face angle during processing and forming in the step 2, fluting directly forms, 18-25 ° of back knife face angle, relief angle sword face is slotted and is directly ground;
(3) preliminary treatment of step 3 coating is meant and uses hydrogen peroxide to corrode, and forms micropore on the carbide matrix material surface, cleans in ultrasonic wave, dries with ethanolic solution again;
(4) the temperature 1800-2000 of step 4 heated filament CVD ℃, the coating that the temperature of hard alloy substrate is controlled at 800-1000 ℃ of coating is to carry out in the mist of methane and hydrogen.
8. by the described preparation method of claim 7, it is characterized in that the CH of step 4
4/ H
2Volume ratio be 0.2-0.3, reaction pressure is 0.16-10kPa.
9. by the application of each described coated cutting tool among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that being used for carbon fiber or glass fiber compound material sheet material hollow out, mill limit or boring.
10. by the described application of claim 9, it is characterized in that the apex point drift angle is that 135 ° and 90 ° of Double Tops corner structures are applicable to the processing than heavy-gauge sheeting; Drift angle is that 5 ° of-10 ° of Pan Jiao are applicable to the processing than light sheet.
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| CN 201110082831 CN102211218B (en) | 2011-04-01 | 2011-04-01 | Diamond coated cutter and application thereof in processing of fiber composite material |
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| CN 201110082831 CN102211218B (en) | 2011-04-01 | 2011-04-01 | Diamond coated cutter and application thereof in processing of fiber composite material |
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| CN103231415A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-08-07 | 哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 | Method for producing holes on unidirectional composite tapes |
| CN103567520A (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2014-02-12 | 上海工程技术大学 | Blind groove diamond coating milling cutter |
| CN103786265A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-05-14 | 宁波江丰电子材料有限公司 | Opening method of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) and CFRP work-piece |
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| CN103817743A (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-05-28 | 北京工商大学 | Drilling-milling compound tool and drilling and milling method of fibrous composite |
| CN103981510A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 大连理工常州研究院有限公司 | Double-door vertical equipment for preparing diamond film |
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| CN107378009A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-11-24 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of micro- serrated knife tool of multi-ladder multiple-cutting-edge gradual change for carbon fibre composite drilling |
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| CN108179398B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-01-21 | 深圳市金洲精工科技股份有限公司 | Diamond coating drill bit and preparation method thereof |
| CN108179398A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 深圳市金洲精工科技股份有限公司 | A kind of diamond-coated drill and preparation method thereof |
| CN108581000A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-09-28 | 深圳市金洲精工科技股份有限公司 | A kind of milling cutter of processing metal substrate material |
| CN108581000B (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2024-01-30 | 深圳市金洲精工科技股份有限公司 | Milling cutter for processing metal substrate material |
| CN109262098A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-25 | 金合钻石刀具（深圳）有限公司 | A kind of diamond cutter |
| CN109023294A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-12-18 | 陕西航天时代导航设备有限公司 | A kind of diamond coatings slotting cutter and its manufacturing process |
| CN109698116A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-30 | 江苏沃德赛模具科技有限公司 | A kind of nanocrystalline diamond composite coating cutter silicon wafer preparation method |
| CN113664269A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-11-19 | 国宏工具***（无锡）股份有限公司 | Diamond coating cutter for efficiently processing composite material |
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