CN102206514B - Two-section biomass cyclone high-temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace - Google Patents
Two-section biomass cyclone high-temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN102206514B CN102206514B CN 201110094281 CN201110094281A CN102206514B CN 102206514 B CN102206514 B CN 102206514B CN 201110094281 CN201110094281 CN 201110094281 CN 201110094281 A CN201110094281 A CN 201110094281A CN 102206514 B CN102206514 B CN 102206514B
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- whirlwind
- biomass
- pyrolysis vaporizer
- high velocity
- geseous fuel
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011286 gas tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-section biomass cyclone high-temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace comprising an upper-section cyclone high-temperature pyrolysis gasification chamber, a lower-section vapour spraying pyrolysis gasification chamber, a screw feeder, a biomass gas exhaust pipe, a gas fuel high-velocity burner and a slab box. When the two-section biomass cyclone high-temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace disclosed by the invention is operated, the gas fuel high-velocity burner generates a high-temperature anaerobic flue gas, and the high-temperature anaerobic flue gas is spayed into the upper-section cyclone high-temperature pyrolysis gasification chamber at high velocity along a tangential direction and close to an inner wall side to form a strong cyclonic vortex; meanwhile, biomass materials fall into the upper-section cyclone high-temperature pyrolysis gasification chamber through the screw feeder and are mixed, heated and pyrolyzed with the high-temperature anaerobic flue gas, wherein fixed carbon is gasified, and a generated biomass gas is exhausted through the biomass gas exhaust pipe; the biomass gas heats fed water into vapours through a heat exchanger;and the vapours enter the lower-section vapour spraying pyrolysis gasification chamber through a Venturi tube so as to further pyrolyze and gasify carbon residues, and finally formed slag is discharged into the slag box. According to the invention, the content of tars contained in the biomass gas can be greatly reduced and the effective utilization of biomass energy is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biomass gasifying furnace, be specially two-stage type biomass whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace.
Background technology
Utilizing in the technology of biomass energy, the biomass pyrogenation gasification technology is a kind ofly by thermal chemical reaction solid-state biomass to be converted to the process of geseous fuel, and its gaseous product both can be used for generating, air feed, also can be used for central heating.But traditional gasification technology exists the coal-tar middle oil content height of combustion gas, waste water is difficult to problems such as processing, particularly the tar content height present subject matter that faces of biomass gasification technology especially.Because adopting, prior biological matter gasification technology makes part biological pledge material low oxygen combustion, the method of utilizing heat that its flue gas has and remaining oxygen all the other biomass materials to be carried out pyrolysis and gasification then, no matter will produce a large amount of tar, be for generating or air feed, all has the tar problem.Tar meeting blocking pipeline, sparking plug or fuel gas hole, pollution cylinder can't normally move generating and air feed, cause equipment cleaning and maintenance work to increase running cost greatly, have seriously hindered applying of biomass pyrogenation gasification technology.
In order to remove tar, present most of biogas metallization processes have to adopt washing to remove tar in the biogas, therefore, and the tar that in biomass gasification process, generates, NO
x, SO
2, NH
3Almost all transfer in the sewage that its purified industrial produces Deng composition, sewage complicated component (comprising the organic composition more than 100 kinds), wherein the concentration of all contaminations is very high, be difficult to effectively handle, can cause serious secondary pollution, this is the another key issue that present gasifying biomass generation technology and supply technology are used.In addition, tar a large amount of in the biogas are fallen by washing filtering, will waste the entrained heat of biogas on the one hand, and the energy of tar itself also is wasted on the other hand, has reduced the calorific value of biogas and the utilization ratio of biomass energy greatly.
The method that overcomes the above problems is exactly the tar content that will significantly reduce in the biomass pyrogenation gasification process.In the gasifying biomass engineering, solution tar method the most completely is to utilize high temperature (more than 1600 ℃) to improve the transformation efficiency of tar pyrolytic gasification in biomass gasification process, become boiling point to be lower than the gas of normal temperature the tar pyrolysis, the while has also been improved the calorific value of biogas.This will produce positive pushing effect to effective utilization of biomass energy, the energy structure of improving China and ecotope.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the two-stage type biomass whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace that to realize biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification technology, be used for reducing significantly the coal-tar middle oil content of producing of biogas, thoroughly solve the problem of the biomass gas tar oil too high levels of original biogas metallization processes existence.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: two-stage type biomass whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace comprises the combine between the higher and lower levels whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis and gasification chamber of form of cylindrical section and awl tube, hypomere water vapour spray pyrolysis vaporizer.Be provided with biomass material storehouse and screw feeder at an upper portion thereof, the lime-ash case is set in its underpart.Whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer circumferentially is provided with two geseous fuel high velocity burners, is provided with vertical and coaxial with it biogas vent pipe on whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer top, and its outlet is positioned at the outside of whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer, is horizontally disposed with.During operation, be arranged on will burn high temperature anaerobic flue gas that the back produces of the circumferential geseous fuel high velocity burner of whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer and tangentially spray into whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis and gasification chamber with the form of high-speed jet, form strong whirlwind vortex.Simultaneously, the biomass material of depositing in the biomass material storehouse falls into whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer through screw feeder, mixes, heats, takes place pyrolysis with high-temperature flue gas, and fixed carbon wherein is vaporized, and produces biogas, and discharges through the biogas vent pipe.Biogas is heated to be water vapour through interchanger with feedwater.Water vapour enters water vapour spray pyrolysis vaporizer through Venturi tube, and with the carbon residue that forms behind the whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer pyrolytic gasification pyrolysis of further gasifying, the lime-ash of Xing Chenging enters the lime-ash case at last.
It is further characterized in that: be provided with vertical and coaxial with it biogas vent pipe at whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer top, setting not only can make biomass material can have time enough to finish the pyrolytic gasification process like this, but also can make the fly ash content of the biogas of discharge be down to minimum.In addition, if the biogas vent pipe is not deep into whirlwind pyrolytic gasification chamber interior, then geseous fuel high velocity burner outlet axis will become 20～30 degree angles with whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer horizontal direction, do tangential motion to oblique below after making flue gas enter whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer, both guaranteed fully mixing of flue gas and biomass material, guaranteed again that biomass material was in the sufficiently long time of the indoor stop of whirlwind pyrolytic gasification; If the biogas vent pipe is deep into whirlwind pyrolytic gasification chamber interior, then geseous fuel high velocity burner outlet axis and whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer horizontal direction angle can reduce, even are 0 degree.More than these are arranged to fall into that the indoor biomass material of whirlwind pyrolytic gasification can be mixed rapidly by the high-temperature flue gas of strong whirlwind vortex and pyrolytic gasification fully.
Two-stage type biomass whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace two sections connect with the form of reducing, be equivalent to the effect of Venturi tube, guaranteed to still have higher gas speed when biomass enter hypomere water vapour spray pyrolysis vaporizer after epimere whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer, be conducive to mixing and the heat of gasification solution of biomass and water vapour.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of two-stage type biomass whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace of the present invention.
Reference numeral: 1, biomass material storehouse; 2, motor; 3, screw feeder; 4, the first geseous fuel high velocity burner; 5, the second geseous fuel high velocity burner; 6, whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer; 7, water vapour spray pyrolysis vaporizer; 8, lime-ash case; 9, biogas vent pipe; 10, interchanger; 11, service pump; 12, Venturi tube.
Embodiment
The two-stage type biomass high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace is made up of combine between the higher and lower levels whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis and gasification chamber 6, hypomere water vapour spray pyrolysis vaporizer 7 and screw feeder 3, biogas vent pipe 9, the first geseous fuel high velocity burner 4, the second geseous fuel high velocity burner 5, the lime-ash case 8 of form of last cylindrical section and awl tube.Wherein, the screw feeder 3 that motor 2 drives as power, the front end bottom of screw feeder 3 is connected with whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6 tops, and the upper rear end of screw feeder 3 is connected with biomass material storehouse 1; The bottom of whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6 sprays pyrolysis vaporizer 7 tops with water vapour and is communicated with the reducing form, is equivalent to the effect of Venturi tube; Lime-ash case 8 is positioned at the bottom of water vapour spray pyrolysis vaporizer 7, in enough water yields are arranged, make 7 sealings of water vapour spray pyrolysis vaporizer; Biogas vent pipe 9 is vertical and coaxial with it with whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6, and the outlet of biogas vent pipe 9 is positioned at the outside of whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6, is horizontally disposed with; The first geseous fuel high velocity burner 4 and the second geseous fuel high velocity burner 5 are arranged at the top of whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6, and circumferentially evenly distribution, and each leisure is pressed close to whirlwind pyrolytic gasification locular wall and tangentially is communicated with whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6.If biogas vent pipe 9 is not deep into whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6 inside, then the outlet axis of the first geseous fuel high velocity burner 4 and the second geseous fuel high velocity burner 5 will become 20～30 degree angles with the horizontal direction of whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6; If biogas vent pipe 9 is deep into whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6 inside, then the outlet axis of the gas first geseous fuel high velocity burner 4 and the second geseous fuel high velocity burner 5 and the horizontal direction angle of whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6 can reduce, even are 0 degree; The quantity of geseous fuel high velocity burner can increase and decrease according to power demand.
During the operation of two-stage type biomass whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace, must control the amount of geseous fuel and air, make it pass through the first geseous fuel high velocity burner 4 and the burning of the second geseous fuel high velocity burner 5 produces high temperature (more than 1600 ℃) anaerobism flue gases, and with at a high speed (＞80m/s) tangentially and press close to whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6 wall inboards and spray into whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6 and form strong whirlwind eddy current.Simultaneously, the biomass material of depositing in biomass material storehouse 1 then by by the screw feeder 3 of motor 2 as the power drive, falls into whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6.Biomass material with mix, heat, take place pyrolysis by the high-temperature flue gas that is injected to whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6 in the first geseous fuel high velocity burner 4 and the second geseous fuel high velocity burner 5, fixed carbon wherein is vaporized, produce biogas, and discharge through biogas vent pipe 9.Biogas is heated to be water vapour through interchanger 10 with the feedwater that service pump 11 provides.Water vapour enters water vapour spray pyrolysis vaporizer 7 through Venturi tube 12, and with the carbon residue that forms behind whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer 6 pyrolytic gasifications pyrolysis of further gasifying, the lime-ash of Xing Chenging enters in the lime-ash case 8 at last.
When two-stage type biomass whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace starts, need extraneous fuel gas source to guarantee the burning of the first geseous fuel high velocity burner 4 and the second geseous fuel high velocity burner 5, behind the stable biogas to be generated, the biogas that a part is produced is as the fuel of the first geseous fuel high velocity burner 4 and the second geseous fuel high velocity burner 5, thereby do not need extraneous source of the gas and can keep self-operating.
Claims (3)
1. two-stage type biomass whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace, it is characterized in that: by the combine between the higher and lower levels whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis and gasification chamber (6) of form of last cylindrical section and awl tube, hypomere water vapour spray pyrolysis vaporizer (7) and screw feeder (3), biogas vent pipe (9), the first geseous fuel high velocity burner (4), the second geseous fuel high velocity burner (5), lime-ash case (8) is formed, wherein, motor (2) drives screw feeder (3) as power, the front end bottom of screw feeder (3) is connected with whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer (6) top, and the upper rear end of screw feeder (3) is connected with biomass material storehouse (1); The bottom of whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer (6) sprays pyrolysis vaporizer (7) top with water vapour and is communicated with the reducing form, is equivalent to the effect of Venturi tube; Lime-ash case (8) is positioned at the bottom of water vapour spray pyrolysis vaporizer (7), in enough water yields are arranged, make water vapour spray pyrolysis vaporizer (7) sealing; Biogas vent pipe (9) is vertical and coaxial with it with whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer (6), and the outlet of biogas vent pipe (9) is positioned at the outside of whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer (6), is horizontally disposed with; The first geseous fuel high velocity burner (4) and the second geseous fuel high velocity burner (5) are arranged at the top of whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer (6), circumferentially evenly distribution, and each leisure is pressed close to whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer (6) wall and tangentially is communicated with whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer (6); If biogas vent pipe (9) is not deep into whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer (6) inside, then the outlet axis of the first geseous fuel high velocity burner (4) and the second geseous fuel high velocity burner (5) will become 20～30 degree angles with the horizontal direction of whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer (6), do tangential motion to oblique below after making flue gas enter whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer, both guaranteed fully mixing of flue gas and biomass material, guaranteed again that biomass material was in the sufficiently long time of the indoor stop of whirlwind pyrolytic gasification; If biogas vent pipe (9) is deep into whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer (6) inside, then the horizontal direction angle of the outlet axis of the first geseous fuel high velocity burner (4) and the second geseous fuel high velocity burner (5) and whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer (6) reduces.
2. two-stage type biomass whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, must control the amount of geseous fuel and air during operation, make it pass through the first geseous fuel high velocity burner (4) and the second geseous fuel high velocity burner (5) burning generation high temperature anaerobic flue gas, so that tangentially pressing close to the inwall side sprays into whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer (6) at a high speed, form strong whirlwind eddy current; Simultaneously, biomass material falls into whirlwind pyrolysis vaporizer (6) through screw feeder (3), mixes, heats, takes place pyrolysis with high-temperature flue gas, and wherein fixed carbon is vaporized, and the biogas of generation is discharged through biogas vent pipe (9); Biogas is heated to be water vapour through interchanger (10) with feedwater; Water vapour enters water vapour spray pyrolysis vaporizer (7) through Venturi tube (12), and with the further pyrolytic gasification of carbon residue, the lime-ash of Xing Chenging enters in the lime-ash case (8) at last.
3. two-stage type biomass whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1 and 2, need extraneous fuel gas source to guarantee the burning of the first geseous fuel high velocity burner (4) and the second geseous fuel high velocity burner (5) during startup, behind the stable biogas to be generated, the biogas that a part is produced is as the fuel of the first geseous fuel high velocity burner (4) and the second geseous fuel high velocity burner (5), thereby do not need extraneous source of the gas and can keep self-operating.
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| CN 201110094281 CN102206514B (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | Two-section biomass cyclone high-temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace |
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| CN 201110094281 CN102206514B (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | Two-section biomass cyclone high-temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace |
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| CN104152184B (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2016-05-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Biomass whirlwind pyrolysis-suspension combustion combined gasification equipment and gasification process thereof |
| CN106147810B (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-01-11 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of application method of pyrolysis installation |
| CN106336907B (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2021-06-25 | 太原理工大学 | Cyclone pyrolysis high-flux circulating gasification device and process |
| CN106701118B (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2019-10-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of cyclone biomass melt pyrolysis gasification furnace |
| CN109054901B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-09-08 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | Descending bed-fluidized bed series type gasification method and device |
| CN109825317A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-05-31 | 洛阳建材建筑设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of house refuse thermal pyrolysis device and method |
| CN115584285B (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-04-11 | 浙江百能科技有限公司 | Pyrolysis gasification system and process based on cyclone furnace |
| CN117106489B (en) * | 2023-10-23 | 2024-02-20 | 西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司 | Device and method for producing synthetic gas by three-stage pyrolysis and gasification of organic solid waste |
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| US4483692A (en) * | 1983-01-27 | 1984-11-20 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Process for the recycling of coal fines from a fluidized bed coal gasification reactor |
| US4957527A (en) * | 1989-03-08 | 1990-09-18 | Hnat James G | Method and apparatus for heat processing glass batch materials |
| US7622693B2 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2009-11-24 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | Plasma whirl reactor apparatus and methods of use |
| CN201305578Y (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-09-09 | 烟台大学 | Whirlwind gasification furnace |
| CN101781582B (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2013-03-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method and device for cyclone classified gasification of biomass |
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